PETE 310

Lecture # 9
Ideal Gases
 Ideal Gas

Characterized by 3 state variables: P, T,

and V relationship among these from
equations of state
 Equations of State
The Ideal Gas

Ideal gas properties

Volume of gas molecules is negligible
compared with gas volume
Forces of attraction or repulsion between
molecules or walls of container are zero
No loss of internal energy due to collisions
Ideal Gas Laws from Experiments

Boyles Law (at constant T)

1
V
P
Gay-Lussacs ( or Charles ) law (at constant
P)
V T
 Ideal Gas Laws

Avogadross Law At the same P and T

equal volumes of gas contain the same #
of molecules
Avogadros Number:
Na = 2. 73X1026 molecules/lb mole
Internet Lesson on Ideal Gas Behavior

Experimental instructions
& Problems with solutions

Boyle
Can you Write this Law?
 Boyles law

http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-
12/airplane/aboyle.html (Public domain file)
 Ideal Equation of State
Construction
Step 1
T2 P1V1 P2V x
T1
Step 2
x
V V2
P1
T1 T2
Combining
P2 P1V1 P2V2

T1 T2
V1 Vx V2
 Jacques Charles (1746-1823)

Never published his results

Joseph Gay-Lussac (1778-1850)
 Describing Gas Behavior

Evolution of Science - From ideal gases to

real gases
 Boyle & Charles laws

1
V V T P
P T
P1V1 P2V2 PVM
R
T1 T2 T
(VM V / n)
R = gas constant, depends upon units used
See page 95 McCain book
 Ideal Gas Mixture

The pressure in a vessel containing an

ideal gas mixture (n) or a single gas
component (nk) is
nRT
P http://home.a-city.de/walter.fendt/phe/gaslaw.htm

Vt
nk RT
Pk
Vt
 Partial Pressure
P p
k

Pk nk
yk T
1
T
1

P n
Pk is the partial pressure
n ,n , nk
of component k, and by 1
, n
k
2

definition
Nc

P
i 1
k P
Law of Partial Pressures John
Dalton (1766-1844)

Law of Partial
Pressures
 Density of ideal gas

nRT m P
P
Vt M wVt RT

Watch out the units!

 Mixtures of Ideal Gases

Daltons law of partial pressures

Amagats law of partial volumes

Specific gravity of a gas

Ideal Gas Laws & Exercises
Apparent Molecular Weight of a
Gas Mixture
Determine the Mwa and density of a
mixture of 30%C1, 40%C2, and 30%C3 at
T=200oF and P=4000 psia