People

human being (ningen)

humanity (jinrui)
person (hito)
male (otoko)
man (otokonohito)
boy (otokonoko)
female (onna)
woman (onnanohito)
girl (onnanoko)
baby (akachan)
youth, young person (wakamono)
I, myself (watashi)
I, myself (watakushi [most formal])
I, myself (boku, mainly used by males)
I, myself (ore, mainly used by males [informal])
I, myself (atashi, mainly used by females [softer sounding])
girl (shoujo)
boy (shounen)

Occupations
doctor (isha)
nurse (kangoshi)
female nurse (kangofu)
dentist (shikai, ha-isha)
politician (seijika)
lawyer (bengoshi)
 firefighter (shouboushi)
police officer (keisatsukan)
soldier (heishi)
architect (kenchikuka)
teacher (sensei)
(academic) teacher (kyoushi)
singer (kashu)
engineer(enjinia)

Body
foot, leg (ashi)
heel (kakato)
shin (sune)
knee (hiza)
thigh (momo)
head (atama)
face (kao)
mouth (kuchi)
lips (kuchibiru)
tooth (ha)
nose (hana)
moustache, beard (hige)
hair (kami)
ear (mimi)
stomach (i)
arm (ude)
elbow (hiji)
 shoulder (kata)
nail (tsume)
hand (te)
wrist (tekubi)
palm of hand (te-no-hira)
finger, toe (yubi)
buttocks (shiri)
abdomen (o-naka)
liver (kanz)
liver (kimo)
muscle (kin'niku)
neck (kubi)
heart [as in feelings] (kokoro)
waist, hip (koshi)
heart (shinz)
back (senaka)
blood (chi)
meat (niku)
skin (hada)
skin (hifu)
bone (hone)
chest (mune)
cold [illness] (kaze)
diarrhea (geri)
illness (byki)

Family
 family (kazoku)
parents (ryoushin)
children, child (kodomo)
father (chichi)
mother (haha)
wife (tsuma)
husband (otto)
older brother (ani) (on-san)
older sister (ane) (on-san)
younger brother (otto)
younger sister (imto)
brothers, siblings (kydai)
sisters (shimai)
grandfather (sofu)
grandmother (sobo)
grandchild (mago)
uncle (oji)
aunt (oba)
cousin (itoko)
niece (mei)
nephew (oi)

Life
living creatures (ikimono)
monster (bakemono)

Animals
 animal (dbutsu)
dog (inu)
cat (neko)
cow (ushi)
pig (buta)
horse (uma)
sheep (hitsuji)
monkey (saru)
mouse, rat (nezumi)
tiger (tora)
wolf (okami)
rabbit (usagi)
dragon (ry, tatsu)
deer (shika)
frog (kaeru)
toad (gama)
lion (Shishi)
giraffe (kirin)
elephant (z)
bird (tori)
chicken (niwatori)
sparrow (suzume)
crow, raven (karasu)
eagle (washi)
hawk, falcon (taka)
fish (sakana)
red snapper (tai)
 shrimp, lobster (ebi)
sardine (iwashi)
tuna (maguro)
bonito (katsuo)
pike (sanma)
horse mackerel (aji)
mackerel (saba)
squid (ika)
octopus (tako)
insect (mushi)
butterfly (ch)
moth (ga)
cicada (semi)
dragonfly (tonbo)
grasshopper (batta)
spider (kumo)
firefly (hotaru)
housefly (hae)
mosquito, gnat (ka)
cockroach (gokiburi)
snail (katatsumuri)
slug (namekuji)
earthworm (mimizu)
shellfish (kai)
shell (kaigara)
lizard (tokage)
snake (hebi)
Plants
- plants (shokubutsu)
- grass (kusa, Shibafu)
- flower (hana)
- fruit (mi)
- tree (ki)
or or - leaf (ha or happa)
or or - root (ne or nekko)
- stem (kuki)
- mushroom (kinoko)
- chrysanthemum (kiku)
- cherry blossom (sakura)

Crops
uncooked rice (kome)
rice growing in a field (ine)
wheat, barley, oats (mugi)
vegetable (yasai)
fruit for eating (kudamono)
yam, potato, taro (imo)
beans, peas (mame)
Japanese white radish (daikon)
carrot (ninjin)
apple (ringo)
mandarin orange (mikan)
banana (banana, kansh)
 pear (nashi)
chestnut tree (kuri)
peach (momo)
tomato (tomato, banka)
watermelon (suika)

Food
- food (tabemono)
- breakfast (chshoku, asagohan)
- lunch (hirugohan)
- supper (bangohan)
- cooked rice or food (gohan)
- miso (miso)
- cooking (ryri)
- salad (sarada)
- dessert (dezto)
- bread (pan)
- sandwich (sandoitchi)
- snack (oyatsu)
- ice cream (aisukurmu)

Drink
- drink/beverage (nomimono)
- green tea (ocha)
- coffee (kh)
- milk (gyny)
Seasoning
- sugar (sat)
- salt (shio)
- soy sauce (shyu)

Time
time (jikan)
~hours (toki, ji)
calendar (koyomi, karend)
minute (fun)
second (by)
day (hi, nichi)
month (tsuki, gatsu)
(# -gatsu / (January,1st Month): Ichi-,Ni-,San-,Shi-,Go-,Roku-,Shichi-
,Hachi-,Ku-,Jyu-,JyuIchi-,JyuNi- (December,12th Month)
year (toshi, nen)
(Last year: kyounen, this year: kotoshi, next year: rainen),
yesterday (kin, sakujitsu)
today (ky)
tomorrow (ashita, asu, mynichi)
morning (asa)
(Yesterday morning: kinou no asa, this morning: kesa, tomorrow
morning: ashita no asa)
afternoon (hiru)
evening (ygata)
evening (ban)
evening, night (yoru)
~day (ybi)
 Monday (getsu-ybi)
Tuesday (ka-ybi)
Wednesday (sui-ybi)
Thursday (moku-ybi)
Friday (kin-ybi)
Saturday (do-ybi)
Sunday (nichi-ybi)
week (sh)
(Last week: sensh, this week: konsh, next week: raish)
one week (isshkan)

Weather
sun (taiy)
moon (tsuki)
star (hoshi)
weather (tenki)
clear weather (hare)
rain (ame)
cloudy (kumori)
snow (yuki)
wind (kaze)
thunder, lightning (kaminari)
typhoon (taif)
storm (arashi)
sky (sora)

Directions and positions

 north (kita)
east (higashi)
south (minami)
west (nishi)
here (koko)
there (soko)
over there (asoko)
right (migi)
left (hidari)
above, up (ue)
below, down (shita)
front (mae)
behind (ushiro)
the other side, opposite side (muk)
diagonal (naname)
nearer, more in front (temae)
far (oku, tooi)
near,close (Chikai)

Materials
water (mizu)
hot water (yu)
ice (kri)
steam (yuge)
fire (hi)
gas (gasu)
air, atmosphere (kki)
 earth, ground (tsuchi)
metal, metallic (kinzoku)
mud, mire, clay, plaster (doro)
smoke, tobacco, opium (kemuri)
iron [Fe] (tetsu)
copper [Cu] (d)
gold [Au]; money (kin)
silver [Ag]; wealth (gin)
lead [Pb] (namari)
salt [NaCl] (shio)

Weights and measures

meter (mtoru)
liter (rittoru)
gram (guramu)
kilo- (kiro)
milli- (miri)
, centimeter (senchi)
inch (inchi)

Society
society (shakai)
economy, economics (keizai)
company (kaisha)
meeting (kaigi)
school (gakk)
local government office (yakusho)
 store (mise)
hotel (hoteru)
factory (kj)
money (kane, most commonly o-kane)
bill [of money, e.g., a thousand-yen bill] (satsu)
small change (kozeni)
change (tsurisen), change (o-tsuri)
vending machine, slot machine
(jidhanbaiki)
ticket (public transport, fine) (kippu)
stamp (kitte)

Human made objects

Home
desk (tsukue)
chair, position (isu)
a tatami mat (tatami)
door, family (to)
door panel (tobira)
door (doa)
window (mado)
futon (futon)
entrance (genkan)
house, home (ie)
elevator (erebt)
escalator (esukart)
electricity (denki)
Tools
nail, spike (kugi)
string, cord (himo)
rope, string (nawa)
pocket, bag (fukuro)
leather bag (kaban)
umbrella, parasol (kasa)
door bolt, key (kagi)
sculpture, engraving (chkoku)

Stationery
stationery (bunbgu)
ink (inku)
pen (pen)
ball-point pen (brupen)
fountain pen (mannenhitsu)
pencil (enpitsu)
brush for writing or painting (fude)
chalk (chku)
eraser (keshigomu)
pencil sharpener (enpitsu-kezuri)
ruler (jgi)
notebook (nto)
diary (nikki)
book cover (kab)
envelope (ft)
 scissors (hasami)
stapler (hotchikisu)

Clothes
clothes (fuku)
western clothing (yfuku)
kimono (kimono)
Japanese clothing (wafuku)
sleeve (sode)
lapel, collar (eri)
button (botan)
zipper, zipper fastener (chakku, fasun,
jipp)
belt (beruto)
shoe (kutsu)
sock (kutsushita)
glasses (megane)

Transport
railway (tetsud)
station (eki)
airplane (hikki)
airport (kk, hikj)
street, way, road (michi)
road (dro)
bus-stop (basutei)
avenue (tri)
 train (densha)
car (jidsha)

Language
letter, character, script (moji)
a letter, character (ji)
Chinese character (kanji)
hiragana syllabary characters (hiragana)
katakana syllabary characters (katakana)
numbers (sji)
alphabet (arufabetto)
Roman characters, Latin script (rmaji)
foreign language (gaikokugo)
Japanese [language] (nihongo)
English [language] (eigo)
Chinese [language] (chgokugo)
German [language] (doitsugo)
Spanish [language] (supeingo)
French [language] (furansugo)
Korean [language], South
Korean [language] (chsengo, kankokugo)

Media
book (hon)
paper (kami)
letter (tegami)
newspaper (shinbun)
 dictionary (jisho)
personal computer (pasokon)

Colors
color (iro, shikisai)
red (aka)
yellow (kiiro)
green (midori)
blue (ao)
purple (murasaki, murasakiiro)
white (shiro)
black (kuro)
pink (pinku)
brown (chairo)
grey (haiiro, nezumiiro)
orange (orenji)

Others
picture (e)
music (ongaku)
science (rika)
arithmetic (sans)
history (rekishi)
geography (chiri)
physical education (taiiku)
sport (suptsu)
system (shisutemu)
 information, news (jh)
necessity (hitsuy)
study (benky)
request (irai)

Numbers
zero (rei, zero)
one (ichi)
two (ni)
three (san)
four (yon, shi)
five (go)
six (roku)
seven (nana, shichi)
eight (hachi)
nine (ky, ku)
ten (j)
hundred (hyaku)
thousand (sen)
ten thousand (man)
one hundred million (oku)
one, one thing (hitotsu)
two, two things (futatsu)
three, three things (mittsu)
four, four things (yottsu)
five, five things (itsutsu)
six, six things (muttsu)
 seven, seven things (nanatsu)
eight, eight things (yattsu)
nine, nine things (kokonotsu)
ten, ten things (t)

Abstract nouns
this, it (kore)
that (sore)
that over there (are)
which (dore)
this direction, thing, person, or place (kochira, kocchi)
that direction, thing, person, or place (sochira, socchi)
that direction, thing, person, or place over there
(achira, acchi)
which direction, thing, person, or place (dochira, docchi)
secret (himitsu)
automatic (jid)
content (naiy)
hem, piece, strip (haba)
formality (seishiki)
marriage (kekkon)
now (genzai)
now (ima)
past (kako)
future (mirai)

Adjectives
Forms
good (ii, yoi)
amazing (sugoi)
wonderful (subarashii)
bad, inferior (warui)
expensive, high (takai)
low (hikui)
cheap (yasui)
big (kii)
small (chiisai)
thin (hosoi)
thick (futoi)
old (furui)
new (atarashii)
young (wakai)
light, easy (karui)
heavy (omoi)
easy, simple (yasashii)
difficult (muzukashii)
soft (yawarakai)
hard (katai)
hot (atsui)
cold (tsumetai)
cold (samui)
delicious (oishii)
delicious, appetizing (umai)
tastes awful (mazui)
 sweet (amai)
hot [spicy] (karai)
salty (shoppai)
bitter (nigai)

Feelings
happy (ureshii)
sad (kanashii)
lonely (sabishii)
- sad, lonely (samishii)
scary (kowai)
painful (itai)
itchy (kayui)
stinky (kusai)
painful, heart-breaking (tsurai)

Verbs
to do (suru)
to do (yaru)

Existence
to exist [for animate objects] (iru)
to exist [for inanimate objects] (aru)
to become (naru)
to occur (okoru)
, to appear (arawareru)
to live (ikiru)
 to give birth (umu)
to die (shinu)
, to breakin (kowareru) in
intransitive sense

Movement
to go (iku)
to come (kuru)
to return (kaeru)
to walk (aruku)
to jump, to fly (tobu)
to swim (oyogu)

Actions
to movein (ugoku)
to dance (odoru)
to sleep (neru)
to sing (utau)
to bite (kamu)
to eat (taberu)
to drink (nomu)
to touch (sawaru)
to throw (nageru)
to hold (motsu)
to hit, to strike (utsu)
to hit, to strike (naguru)
to point (sasu)
to stab (sasu)
 to raise or extend one's hands (sasu)
to kick (keru)
to sit (suwaru)
to stand (tatsu)
to run (hashiru) in
intransitive sense

Changes of state
, to become unoccupied (aku)
, to be crowded (komu)
, to need (iru)
, to become dry (kawaku)
, - to disturb, to disarrange (midasu)
, - to be disturbed, to become confused (midareru)
, - to serve, to work for (tsukaeru)
, - to be furnished with (sonawaru)
, - to excel, to surpass (sugureru)
, - to grow cold, to get chilly, to cool down (hieru)
, - to wake, to become sober, to be disillusioned (sameru)
, - to cool down (sameru)
, - to face, to turn toward (muku)
, - to fall, to collapse (taoreru)
, - to harden, to solidify, to become firm (katamaru)
, - to be filled, to be surrounded, to overflow (umaru)
, - to be buried, to be covered (umoreru)
, - to increase, to grow (masu)
, - to increase, to multiply (fueru)
, - to decrease (heru)
 , - to deviate (hazureru)
, - to grow fat (futoru)
, - to begin (hajimaru)
, - to finish, to close (owaru)
, - to decide (kimeru)

Senses
to see (miru)
to hear, to listen (kiku)
to touch, to feel (sawaru)
to smell (kagu)

Speech
to say (iu)
to speak (hanasu)
to tell (kataru)
to write (kaku)
to read (yomu)

Work
to use (tsukau)
to make (tsukuru)
to fix, repair (naosu)
to discard, throw away (suteru)
to take (toru)
to put (oku)
Emotions
to be sad (kanashimu)
to cry (naku)
to laugh (warau)
to be angry (okoru)
to encourage (homeru)
to scold (shikaru)
to celebrate, to be jubilant, to have joy, to have delight,
to have rapture (yorokobu)
joy, delight, rapture (yorokobi)
to console, to consolate, to provide empathy
(nagusameru)
to be disinterested, to be bored, to be tired of, to be
weary (akiru)
to be astonished, to be surprised, to be scared (odoroku)

Activities
to meet, to interview (au)
to opentr, to unwraptr (akeru)
to play (asobu)
to gatherin (atsumaru)
to sell (uru)
to obtain [some benefit or knowledge] (eru)
to breaktr, to foldtr (oru)
to buy (kau)
to cut (kiru)
to wear [on the upper body] (kiru)
to wear [on the lower body] (haku)
 to changetr (kaeru)
to exchange, to substitute, to replace (kaeru)
to closetr (shimeru)
to tie, to fasten (shimeru)
to comprise, to account for (shimeru)
to know (shiru)
to get tired (tsukareru)
to go out, to depart (dekakeru)
to work [e.g., at a job] (hataraku)
to let go of (hanasu)
to rest, to take a break, to go to bed (yasumu)
to split intoin, to be divided (wakareru)
to partin, to separatein, to break upin (wakareru)
tr
transitive sense
in
intransitive sense

conjugates as a u-verb

Adverbs

already (m)
still, yet (mada)
always (zutto)
very (totemo)
like this (k)
like that (s)
Oh!, Ah! ()
how (d)
 often (shibashiba)

Pre-noun Adjectival

this (kono)
that (sono)
that (ano)
which (dono)

Interjections

yes (hai)
no (iie)

Conjunctions

- but (demo)
but, however (shikashi)
and then, Then (soshite)
besides (soreni)
that is because, being because (nazenara)

Terminations of Verbs

volitional ending [ for u-verbs, for ru-verbs]: "Let's" or

"I will" (u, y)
causative ending [ for u-verbs, for ru-verbs]:
to make [someone do something], to allow (seru, saseru)
 passive verb ending [ for u-verbs, for ru-
verbs]: to be <verbed> [e.g., , "to be eaten"] (reru, rareru)
indicates that it seems the verb occurs [e.g., "It seems he ate"]
(sda)
informal past-tense (ta)
indicates desire to perform verb (tai)
indicates that it seems the verb occurs; also used to ask
whether the verb occurs (dar)
, informal negative (nai, n) [ is a slurred version and sounds a
little masculine]
archaic informal negative ["he hath", "thou didst", etc.] (nu)
formal non-past ending (masu)

Particles

Case

subject marker, but (ga)

at, by (de)
and, with (to)
indirect object marker (ni)
possession marker, of (no)
to (e) [Note: is normally read he, but when used as this particle
its reading changes to e]
to (made)
from (kara)
than (yori)
direct object marker (o)
Binding
topic marker (wa) [Note: "" is usually pronounced as "ha", but
pronounced "wa" when used as a particle]
as well (mo)
and (ya)

Conjunctive
and (oyobi)
whether (ka)
might be, possible that (kamo)
and then (soshite)
or (soretomo)
things like <list of things>, including, such things as (dano)
ongoing occurrence (tsutsu) [similar to but has different
tone, and both actions have equal weight]
te form of verb or adjective [see explanation]
when, if, that (to)
while, though, both (nagara)
as well as (narabini)
whether or not (nari)
to <somewhere>, by <someone> (ni)
possession (no)
so (node)
also, again (mata)
or alternatively (matawa)
also, too (mo)
and (ya)
Final
emphasis and question marker, equivalent to "right?" (ne)
question marker (ka)
the copula particle used after quasi-adjectives (na)
I wonder (kashira)
-ness (sa)
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some
information ["What class is next -kke?"] (-kke)

Adverbial
emphasis (koso)
even (sae)
only (shika)
even (sura)
approximately, about (kurai)
only, as much as (dake)
however (datte)
casual topic marker (ttara) [colloquial form of to ittara (if you
refer to ~; as for ~]
said that (tte)
also, or (demo)
(particle used to indicate that what precedes it is an extreme
example and strongly negates it) (dokoro)
for example (nado)
if [for verbs]; subject marker [for nouns] (nara)
casual undervalue, dislike, lack (nanka)
casual undervalue, dislike, lack (nante)
 topic marker (wa) [although ha is the hiragana used, wa is the
pronunciation)
just, full of, only (bakari)
until (made)
too, also (mo)