Dairy Farming Business Plan Very

Profitable Business To Start In India

February 2, 2017
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Dairy farming is very profitable business in india. In many parts of india be it a rural or urban
dairy farming business has gain its importance and became very popular in terms of its profit
margin. Any cattle farming business when done in proper and in scintifically manner with
effective business plan leads to success. Mostly in every part of india cattle farmers are having
lack of knowledge and also thery are not aware of the latest methodology and technique due to
which they are not succeeding in this business. So I decided to write this article inorder to
practically guide and help those who are novice or newbie in dairy farming and have keen
interest to start dairy farm business in a profitable way.

So folks, do remember that before stepping into this dairy farming business firstly you should
mentally prepared that you are going to dedicate your full effort and time to this and special
247 attention should be maintained throghout.
Dairy Farming Business Planning (For 10 15 Cows)
what are the basic requirement of Dairy farming in India?

Proper shed construction.

Surplus area of land for cultivation of green fodder (1-2 acre of land is sufficient for 15
cows)
Adequate water supply
Good breed of cows (High yielding cows HF,Jersey, sahiwal etc)
Fodder management (Dry fodder , green fodder and concentrate)
Labour
Proper vaccination schedule

Shed Construction
Well spacious and hygenic shed for cattle is needed for their good health. Let us take an
example of 10 cows. It is scintifically recommended that 1 cow should have 7ft x 11 ft area and
it also varies depending upon the size of animal. For 10 cows roughly we will construct 80 ft x
12ft of cow shed.

Cow shed are basically of two types :

Closed housing
Open housing

Open housing are not considered these days as we keep high milk yield animals which needs
extra care. So generally we should use closed housing system.

Closed housing is further classified in two arrangements:

Head to Head Arrangement

Tail to Tail Arrangement.

In head to head arrangement animal feeder or menzer is constructed in between the shed with a
separation wall in between so that the cow can be fed from both sides facing head to head each
other.

On the other hand in tail to tail arrangement Feeder or menzer is constructed on either side of
the shed so the cows are fed in tail to tail position.
I prefer Head to Head Arrangement because it costs less as compare to tail to tail arrangement. In
this arrangement feeder or menzer is one in between the shed.

Shed should be in some elevated area to avoid rainfall water to come inside. Special attention
should be given in the flooring. The floor must be made of bricks and cement with proper
inclination so that the urine or excrete can drain easily.

Proper Drainage system should be there to drain the urine on either side of the shed to avoid the
stagnation.

So for shed construction choose area which has proper light and sun with little elevation from
normal ground level. For construction use cement and bricks and asbestos sheet can be used as
the roof of the shed.

Electricity and proper water supply is also needed for the high yield cows such as HF and jersey
fan and cooler is also necessary during summer season.

Fodder Management
Cattle health mainly depends upon the type and nutritional facts of the fodder. High milk yield
cows must be given 1kg of concentrate in 2.5ltr of milk yield. If a cow yields 10 ltrs of milk then
scintifically they should be provide with 4 kg of concentrate with mineral mixture. In fodder
management we should know that there are three types of fodder what we give to the cattle.
 Dry fodder
Green fodder
Concentrate and mineral mixture.

Dry fodder:- Generally the dry fodder constitutes 2/3rd of the supplements. Dry fodder are

wheat hay
paddy straw(kutti)
chokar, etc.

Green fodder :- green fodder play vital role in animals health as it provides the essential
nutrients required for good milk yield. We must have surplus area of land preferebly 2 acre for
15 cows for green fodder cultivation.

Green fodder are basically leguminous rabby crops they are gram, barseem, maize,
masoor, etc. They are rich in protein and hence increase the fat percentage in the milk.

Mineral mixture :- It is essential that minerals concentrate given to the cattle to overcome the
mineral deficiency. It is also required for the good health of the cattle.

So for ideal food for the 1 cow should be in precise proportion of dry fodder , green fodder and
mineral mixture with concentrate.

Mix kutti, chokar and concentrate like khalli (sarso,badam or teesi) add water in it and
feed them
Generally sarso khalli provides heat and it should be given during winter season and
Teesi khalli in summer seasons
Badam khalli can be given any time as it increases fat percentage in the milk

Roughly cost of feeding one cow is rs 200 a day

Adequate water supply :-

Proper water supply is very much needed for the cattle to drink, cleaning of cow and shed etc.

Breed selection of cow :-

Right breed selection is very much important in the dairy farming. As the profit is totally
dependent on the milk yield of the cow. For breed selection we must take care of the breed which
is adapted to our climatic condition and their milk yielding capability. For this we suggest the
cross breed of Holstein fresian(HF) with Indian sahiwal. Or Jersey with sahiwal.

Also cross breed of jersey and red sindhi is preferrable for the good milk yield. Generally breed
selection of these cow should be done on the basis of milk yield production in general 15-20 ltrs
of milk yield in a day is preferrable.
Cross breeding technique with artificial insemination (AI) has drastically improved the quantity
of milk production in the country which also increased the per capita milk yield production.

Basic care and management of cows and calves:-

Timely Mating and Insemination is Needed:-

In general mating or insemination is done after every 3 months of calving. Indian breed takes
approx 30-35 months in reaching maturity phase whereas high yield cows HF or jersey cross
breed reaches maturity at 15-18 months and its ready for mating. Ideally every 13 months cow
should be calving, then only our farm production will grow. Lactation period should be of 300
days and service period must be of 90-120 days. Rest must be gestation period i.e 266 days.

After three four attempt of mating if cattle is not conceiving then there is a fertility issue or may
be some genital problems are there so special medicine should be given. Iodine and mineral
mixture supply must be increased to minimize the mineral deficiency.

Special care for pregnant cows:-

Pregnant cows should be given special attention and there must be adequate amount of
concentrate and mineral mixture should be given during gestaion period of cows. Just before 3
month, calving cow should be given challenge feeding i.e giving fodder as much as they can
feed it so that there would be a proper growth of calves and its udder.

As we know the prolactin hormone is responsible for milk production and oxitocyn hormone is
for milk ejection or secretion. The moment calves suck the udder oxitocyn hormone secretes
which is responsible for milk ejection. In some cases when calf dies we give oxitocyn injection
which should be avoided as it mix with the milk and can harm humans when they consume it.

Note:- effect of oxitocyn hormone remains for 7-8 minutes in this duration and total milk should
be taken out from the udder otherwise milk secretion becomes difficult.

Calves(baby cow) Management:-

Within an hour after immediate birth calves must be given mothers first milk colostrum, which
is rich in protein vitamins and other antibodies. It contains 28% of solid material generally milk
contains 13-14% of solid material. We insist on giving first milk i.e colostrum just after an hour
because at this time calves intestine are porous. The macro molecule and antibody in the
colostrum easily penetrates through calf intestine and provide a good immunity and immune
system to fight with disease and infection. Also the meconium that is the first stool excretes after
colostrum intake.

After 10 days debudding of horn should be done so that it becomes docile in nature. It is done
with hot iron with NaOh and KOH. On regular interval mucous from nose should remove from
towel to reduce the infection.
Vaccination schedule:-

Timely vaccination schedule is very important in order to prevent cattle from deadly diseases. It
provides better immunity and disease resistance to the cattle.

In india generally we follow the following vaccination schedule:-

Time of
Disease Animal Vaccine Dose Immunity
vaccination
Foot and mouth All cloven Polyvalent February and
3 ml S/C 1 year
disease(FMD) footed animals FMD Vaccine December
Hemorrhagic 6 month and 1
Cattle,Buffalo HS Vaccine 5 ml S/C May-June
septecimia(HS) year
Black Quarter 6 month and 1
Cattle,Buffalo BQ Vaccine 5ml S/C May-June
(BQ) year
All species of Anthrax spore
Anthrax 1ml S/C 1 year May-June
animals vaccine
Female cattle
and buffalo Brucella
Brucella 2ml S/C 1 year -
calf age 4-8 Vaccine
months only
Cattles and
Theileria
Theileriosis calves above 2 3 ml S/C I Year
vaccine
month of age

Note:- Before any vaccination, deworming is compulsory for better result.

Source :- Indian Development Gateways InDG

Essential precaution and proposed routine of a dairy

farmer:-
Every monring before milking, examine each cattle. See if they are in good health
whether they are ruminating or not. If not ruminating then there is some problem like it
may be fever or internal parasitic load or may be some infection. Seasonal deworming is
necessary to remove the parasitic load.
Before milking, give them proper fodder and clean the shed.
Use mustard oil to lubricate the udder at the time of milking.
After milking dont let the cattle to sit as there udders may get infected so give them the
green fodder so that they remain standing for atleast half an hour.
Do not give raw wheat, rice etc. As the cattle metabolism is different from humans.
2 times fodder and concentrate should be given i.e morning and evening. Also let the
cattle go for grazing.
 Specially in summer season HF Cow heavily respirates atleast 3 time water sprinkling or
bath is necessary and cool climate should be maintain by putting fan and cooler in shed.
Similarly in winter season cover the cow and shed with the jute bag, light fire to provide
heat and to maintain the climate.

Our suggestion to dairy farmer in India:-

Dear reader if you will follow these method of dairy farming surely there would be a better result
in the terms of milk production and hence your dairy business profitability. Please stick to this
rules in the next article I am going to share profit margin calculation in dairy farming
business.