Who is the inventor of D`Arsonval Movement Meter?

Jacques-Arsne d'Arsonval (June 8, 1851

December 31, 1940) was
a French physician, physicist, and inventor of the
moving-coil D'Arsonval galvanometer and
the thermocouple ammeter. D'Arsonval was an
important contributor to the emerging field
of electrophysiology, the study of the effects
of electricity on biological organisms, in the
nineteenth century.
D'Arsonval was born in the Chteau de la Borie,
in La Porcherie, Haute Vienne, France. He studied
medicine in Limoges and Paris and obtained his
medical degree in 1877. From 1873 to 1878 he was
assistant to Claude Bernard, one of the founders of
experimental physiology. After Bernards death he
assisted Charles-Edouard Brown-Sequard (1817-
1894), giving his lectures, and when Brown-
S'Equard died in 1894 replaced him as professor at
College de France.
Influenced by Bernard, D'Arsonval decided to devote his life to research. In 1892, he became
director of the new laboratory of biophysics at the College de France and continued in that post
until 1910. His main contributions were in electrophysiology. From 1889 D'Arsonval did the first
research on the physiological effects of alternating current on the body. He discovered that
currents with frequency over 5,000 Hz did not cause the muscular contractions and nerve
stimulation effects of electric shock. Instead they seemed to have beneficial effects. He
pioneered the therapeutic application of high frequency current to the body, founding the field
of electrotherapy. He developed a spark-excited resonant circuit to generate currents of 0.5-
2 MHz called "D'Arsonval currents" for therapy, which became known as "D'Arsonvalization". It
was later used for diathermy.
In 1881, d'Arsonval proposed tapping the thermal energy of the ocean. d'Arsonval's
student, Georges Claude, built the first OTEC plant in Cuba in 1930.
He was awarded the Prix Montyon in 1882 and was appointed a Chevalier of the Legion of
Honour in 1884, with Grand Cross in 1931. [1]
d'Arsonval Meter Movement
d'Arsonval meter movement is capable of indicating current in only one direction
By connecting a rectifier to a d'Arsonval meter movement, an alternating current measuring
device is created.
When ac is converted to pulsating dc, the d'Arsonval movement will react to the average value
of the pulsating dc (which is the average value of one-half of the sine wave). Another
characteristic of using a rectifier concerns the fact that the d'Arsonval meter movement is
capable of indicating current in only one direction. If the d'Arsonval meter movement were used
to indicate alternating current without a rectifier, or direct current of the wrong polarity, the
movement would be severely damaged. The pulsating dc is current in a single direction, and so
the d'Arsonval meter movement can be used as long as proper polarity is observed.
DAMPING
A problem that is created by the use of a rectifier and d'Arsonval meter movement is that the
pointer will vibrate (oscillate) around the average value indication. This oscillation will make the
meter difficult to read.
The process of "smoothing out" the oscillation of the pointer is known as DAMPING. There are
two basic techniques used to damp the pointer of a d'Arsonval meter movement.
The first method of damping comes from the d'Arsonval meter movement itself. In the
d'Arsonval meter movement, current through the coil causes the coil to move in the magnetic
field of the permanent magnet. This movement of the coil (conductor) through a magnetic field
causes a current to be induced in the coil opposite to the current that caused the movement of
the coil.
This induced current will act to damp oscillations. In addition to this method of damping, which
comes from the movement itself, most meters use a second method of damping.
The second method of damping used in most meter movements is an airtight chamber
containing a vane (like a windmill vane) attached to the coil (fig.1-14).
Figure 1-14. - A typical meter damping system.
Most dc instruments use meters based on some form of the DArsonval meter movement.
InDArsonval-type meters, the length of the conductor and the strength of the field between the
poles of themagnet are fixed. Therefore, any change in current causes a proportional change in
the force acting on thecoil. Figure 3-2 is a simplified diagram showing the principle of the
DArsonval movement.
Priniciple of DArsonval Movement

When an electric current is passed through a coil placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a
force. This force causes a torque in the coil that is fixed to a spindle. The spindle can rotate in
fixed bearings.
The rotation of the spindle is proportional to the electric current passed through the coil. This
torque that is produced is balanced after a movement against the restoring torques of springs.
The torque that is produced that tends to rotate the spindle is termed as DArsonval Movement.
An action caused by electromagnetic deflection, using a coil of wire and a magnetized field.
When current passes through the coil, a needle is deflected.
Whenever electrons flow through a conductor, a magnetic field proportional to the current is
created. This effect is useful for measuring current and is employed in many practical meters.
Since most of the meters in use have DArsonval movements, which operate because of the
magnetic effect, only this type will be discussed in detail. The basic dc meter movement is
known as the DArsonval meter movement because it was first employed by the French
scientist, DArsonval, in making electrical measurement.
This type of meter movement is a current measuring device which is used in the ammeter,
voltmeter, and ohmmeter. Basically, both the ammeter and the voltmeter are current measuring
instruments, the principal difference being the method in which they are connected in a circuit.
While an ohmmeter is also basically a current measuring instrument, it differs from the ammeter
and voltmeter in that it provides its own source of power and contains other auxiliary circuits.
Description of DArsonval Movement
1. The arrangement consists of a coil which is wound over an iron core (spindle).
2. This spindle is place between the two poles of a horse shoe magnet.
3. The spindle is attached at its end to bearings. Sprial and torsional springs are provided
for restrotation of the system when the extraction is removed.
4. A pointer is attached to the spindle that can sweep over the calibrated scale.
Operation of DArsonval Movement
1. When a current is passed through the coil, it produces a force. Due to this force, a
torque is produced in the spindle which rotates it.
 2. When the spindle rotates, it moves a pointer making it sweep over the calibrated scale.
3. The spring produce a restoring torque. When this restoring torque becomes equal to the
excitation torque, the pointer comes to rest.
4. The rotational movement of the spindle is proportional to the supply (D.C) Current.

Sources:
https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Jacques%20Arsene%20d%27Arsonval&item_type=
topic
http://electriciantraining.tpub.com/14188/css/Darsonval-Meter-Movement-79.htm
http://myclassbook.org/darsonval-meter-movement-principle/
http://instrumentationandcontrollers.blogspot.com/2012/06/darsonval-movement-electrical-
analog.html
http://www.tpub.com/neets/book3/7d.htm