Unit :1

Everyone Makes Mistakes

What are modals?
Auxiliary verbs How could I use
Can modals?
Could
May
Might
Must
Ought to
Shall
Should
Will
Would
Why do we use modals?

We use modals to talk about obligations,

suggestions, advise and expectations!
 Simple modals: Present
and future
Modal + base form
Examples:
We should invite your friend to my
party.
We could buy some soda if you have
money.
You might want to call your mom and tell
her you are at a friends house.
 Perfect modals: past

Modal + have + past participle

Examples:
She may have called me last night.
Mary could have done her homework
yesterday
We should not have made a big mess
here.
 Modals in the past
I cant find my keys .I may have
forgotten them at home.

We use May /might

+have + p.p. to suggest
uncertainty in the past.
I cant find my keys .I could have forgotten
them at home.

You could have selected the blue

bag .It was beautiful.

We use could + have + p.p.

1- to talk about the past with
uncertainity

2- to talk about expectation that have

not been met.
 Past Modals

She could have sent him a nice present.

subject past participle

could have rest

I got 9 out of 10. I must have missed
one answer.
we used must +have + p.p. for drawing
conclusion about the past
 Past Modals

What should I have done?

Wh- pronoun past participle

should have
 Past Modals

You should have told them about it.

subject past participle

should have rest

We used should + have +p.p .
1- Talk about mistake made in the past.
2-talk about expectations that have not been
met.
We are lost. You should have turned right
instead of left.
My father left home at 6 o'clock .He should
=

have come back by now

Was/Were +supposed to +base form

= I was supposed to water the plants . They

are dry now.

= We were supposed to leave at 12, but

there was too much work
Was/Were +supposed to +base form

To express that an expected action didnt

happen.