SQL Language

Creation:

CREATE <relation name>(<attributes>);

Ej: CREATE TABLE Enrolled (sID char(20), cID char(20), grade char(2) NOT NULL);

Modification:

Adding tuples

INSERT INTO <relation name>(<attribute names>)

VALUES (<attribute values>);

Ej: INSERT INTO Students (sID, name, user, age,gpa)

VALUES (5400, Pedro Gomez, pgomez, 35, 5.1),(55235, Javier Rios,jrios,28,5.8);

Deleting tuples

DELETE FROM <relation name>

WHERE <condition>

Ej: DELETE FROM Students

WHERE user = fpinto

Querying:

SELECT <attribute names>

FROM <relation names>

WHERE <condition>

Update:

UPDATE <relation name>

SET <new value assignments>

WHERE <condition>;

Ej: UPDATE Students

SET= gpa*1,1,age=age+1

WHERE sID <53670

Destroying:

DROP TABLE <relation name>;

Ej: DROP TABLE Students;

Altering Relations (Adding attributes):

ALTER TABLE <relation name>

ADD <Attribute>;

Ej: ALTER TABLE Students

ADD firstYear INTEGER;

Primary keys and Candidate keys

CREATE TABLE Enrolled

(sID CHAR(20),
cID CHAR(20),
grade CHAR(2),
PRIMARY KEY (sID,cID),
UNIQUE (cid, grade) );

Foreign Keys in SQL

CREATE Enrolled
(sID CHAR(20),
cID CHAR(20),
grade CHAR(2),
PRIMARY KEY (sID,cID)
FOREIGN KEY (sID) REFERENCES Students,
FOREIGN KEY (cID) REFERENCES Courses);