IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 3 | Issue 09 | March 2017

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

Response Analysis of Infill Walled Building

Frame with Tuned Mass Dampers as Soft Storey
Arsha G Fernandez Dr. T Sundararajan
PG Student Scientist/Engineer
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Mar Baselios College of Engineering, Trivandrum VSSC

Tisny D.B
Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Mar Baselios College of Engineering, Trivandrum

Abstract
Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) is a passive control device which is simple, inexpensive and a reliable means for suppressing
undesirable vibration of structures caused by harmonic or wind excitation. The effect of TMD with optimum parameters
(frequency and mass ratios) is studied. In the present paper, a soft storey constructed at the top of a building is treated as a TMD
and its usefulness in response reduction is evaluated. Analysis and modeling are done using FE software developed by VSSC,
FEASTSMT and the building is subjected to an arbitrary acceleration as base excitation to record the response at top storey.
TMDs with mass percentages of 2 and 3 are considered and the results are compared between buildings with and without TMD.
Keywords: FEASTSMT, Response reduction, TMD, Soft storey, Infill Walls
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION

The major goal in structural engineering is to maintain the structural stability against the effect of various forces acting on the
structure. The objective of seismic analysis of structure is to mitigate or reduce the seismic risk. Seismic risk refers to various
factors such as seismic hazard, exposure and vulnerability.
TMDs are the simplest form of vibration absorbers which are relatively easier to implement. Tuned Mass Dampers are often
used if the excitations are almost periodical and the structural response is dominated by its fundamental mode. By adding an
auxiliary mass where the stiffness and damping are designed properly, the building vibrations can be substantially controlled.
Hence to reduce the seismic response, optimum parameters needed to be considered for design. Mass ratio, frequency ratio and
damping ratio are the criteria to be considered. TMD proves to be efficient in arresting acceleration and displacement responses
of building when the optimum parameters are taken into consideration. For TMD to be effective in structures with high damping
ratios, large mass ratios must be employed. Top floor with adequate stiffness and damping can be considered as a vibration
absorber for the bottom floors.
In order to obtain the optimum parameters of TMD single and multiple degrees of freedom structure
are considered. For an un-damped structure, the tuning ratio: Tuning ratio, f = 1/ (1+)
Damping ratio, = /(1 + )
For a damped structure,
1
f= [1 ]
1+ 1+

= +
1+ 1+
For a MDOF system, tuning ratio f is nearly equal to tuning ratio of SDOF system for mass ratio of and damping ratio is
equal to that of SDOF system multiplied by . i.e.
1
f= [1 ]
1+ 1+

= [ + ]
1+ 1+
where is mass ratio, is damping ratio of structure and is the amplitude of first mode of vibration for a unit modal
participation factor. By using the above formulas, optimum TMD parameters can be obtained which in turn results in
considerable response reduction.

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org 338

 Response Analysis of Infill Walled Building Frame with Tuned Mass Dampers as Soft Storey
(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 09 / 071)

II. ANALYTICAL MODELLING

A ten storey building with a 3m height for each storey regular in plan with infill walls in the form of brick masonry with a
bottom soft storey has been modeled. TMD is assumed to have the same damping as that of the structure. The building is fixed at
the base and storey heights are assumed to be constant including the ground storey. Modeling is done using the finite element
software developed by VSSC, namely FEAST SMT . The building details and its geometric properties are listed below.
Table 1
Geometric Parameters of Models
For 10 storey
No: of stories G+9
Storey Height 3m
Beam (Transverse and Longitudinal) 0.23m0.5m
Column 0.3m0.6m
Slab Thickness 0.15m
Infill Wall Thickness 0.23m
Grade of concrete and steel M25 & Fe415
Table 2
Material Properties
Beam ,Column and Slab elements
Grade of concrete M25
Modulus of Elasticity 2.5E+10 N/m2
Poissons ratio 0.2
Density of concrete 2500kg/m3
Infill Wall (Brick Masonry)
Modulus of Elasticity 6.3E+9 N/m2
Poissons ratio 0.15
Density of concrete 2000kg/m3
In order to tune the natural frequency of TMD with that of the building, TMD in the form of soft storey is modeled separately
and the area, moment of inertia and thickness of structural elements are adjusted.

Fig. 1: Elevation of Infill walled building without TMD

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org 339

 Response Analysis of Infill Walled Building Frame with Tuned Mass Dampers as Soft Storey
(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 09 / 071)

Fig. 2: Infill walled building with soft storey as TMD

Fig. 3: Soft storey as TMD modeled separately

Soft storey modeled as TMD ,fixed at the building top acts as a single rigid unit. It is composed of 16 columns of height 1m ,
modeled as beam elements and resting directly over the columns of the main structure. The columns are supported by a slab at
the top.
Table 3
Material properties of TMD
Material Density(kg/m3) E (N/m2) Poissons ratio
Steel 7850 2.1e+11 0.3
Table 4
Free vibration characteristics of building
Total mass= 2.19885e+6 kg
Frequency
Mode Hz rad/sec
1 1.3865 8.7116
2 2.021 12.6983
3 2.3775 14.9382
4 5.1748 32.5142
5 6.1286 38.507

TMD Parameters
Sadek, F (1997), proposed that effective mass ratio should be used for calculating optimum parameters of TMD. Effective mass
ratio is the ratio of mass of TMD to normalized modal mass of building. As per Sadek, F (1997), effective mass ratio () and
optimum frequency ratio (f opt), is given by following equation:
m
= Eqn. (1)
M
1
f opt= [1 ] Eqn. (2)
1+ 1+
where m= mass of TMD; M= maximum effective modal mass of the building; = damping ratio of structure= 5%
After obtaining the optimum TMD parameters, the sizes of columns and slabs are suitably arrived at.

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org 340

 Response Analysis of Infill Walled Building Frame with Tuned Mass Dampers as Soft Storey
(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 09 / 071)

Table 5
Building characteristics
System Fundamental frequency(Hz) Modal mass(kg) Amplitude of 1st mode, TY (m)
Square building 1.3865 2.19885e+6 0.155
Table 6
Optimum TMD parameters as per Eqn. 1 & 2
Mass ratio (%) Tuning ratio (fopt) Mass of TMD , m (kg) Natural frequency of TMD (Hz)
0.8 0.997 17590.8 1.3823
1 0.996 21988.5 1.3809
1.2 0.9959 26386.2 1.3809
1.4 0.9955 30783.9 1.3803
1.6 0.995 35181.6 1.3796
1.8 0.9945 39579.3 1.3789
2 0.9941 43977 1.3783
3 0.9919 65965.5 1.3754
4 0.9899 87954 1.3725
5 0.9879 109942.5 1.3698
Table 7
Details of TMD
Column
Slab Thickness Total mass Actu-al
I
Area (m2) 4 (mm) (kg)
(%) (m )
0.8 0.0625 4.173e-8 8.61 17858.74 .799
1 0.0625 4.08e-8 12.5 21980 .999
1.2 0.09 4.504e-8 13.34 26383.54 1.19
1.4 0.09 5.055e-8 17.232 30780.79 1.39
1.6 0.09 5.724e-8 21.123 35181.44 1.59
1.8 0.09 6.445e-8 25.015 39580.96 1.8
2 0.09 7.195e-8 28.906 43979.34 1.99
3 0.25 8.966e-8 30.5 65877.2 2.99
4 0.36 1.135e-7 37.808 87954.16 4
5 0.49 1.345e-7 42.815 109942.1 4.99

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Free Vibration Analysis

Free vibration analysis is carried out and natural frequencies and mode shapes of TMD are extracted from the analysis. TMD is
tuned such that (by adjusting cross section and thickness of columns and slab respectively) its first frequency nearly matches
with the one obtained from Sadek, F (1997) parameters that are presented in Table 5.
Table 8
Free vibration characteristics of building with TMD
Mode no:
Mass ratio (%)
1 2 3 4 5
F 0.8 1.379 1.404 1.407 1.418 1.44
R 1 1.374 1.437 1.472 1.624 1.824
E 1.2 1.372 1.431 1.476 1.607 1.928
Q 1.4 1.37 1.43 1.48 1.633 2.038
U 1.6 1.35 1.41 1.487 1.645 2.041
E 1.8 1.32 1.4 1.492 1.647 2.044
N 2 1.3 1.39 1.496 1.644 2.047
C 3 1.29 1.345 1.511 1.576 2.052
Y 4 1.25 1.333 1.527 1.556 2.059
(Hz) 5 1.24 1.322 1.535 1.541 2.065

From Table 7, it can be observed that frequency of model with TMD is less than that of the structure in almost all the cases.
Also the TMD is more effective for mass ratios between 0.8 and 2 %. For mass ratios less than 0.8 and beyond 2 %, the
efficiency of TMD gradually decreases. For structures with lesser damping ratios, TMD with lower mass ratios are more
effective and for those with higher damping ratios, larger mass of TMD proves to be efficient.

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org 341

 Response Analysis of Infill Walled Building Frame with Tuned Mass Dampers as Soft Storey
(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 09 / 071)

Frequency Response Analysis

Frequency response at the top 4 nodes of building is analysed . An arbitrary acceleration of 1g given at the bottom nodes of the
building along both X and Y directions simultaneously. Response is measured in terms of acceleration at the top storey nodes
which are more prone to severe shaking. Results are compared for models with and without TMD.
Table 9
Acceleration response at Node 4927 without TMD
Along X (m/s2) 13.45
Along y (m/s2) 11.77
Table 10
Response at Node 4927 with TMD
% response reduction
Mass ratio of TMD Response along Y (m/s2) Response along X (m/s2)
X Y
0.8 9 11.65 13.4 23.53
1 7.98 12.58 6.47 32.2
1.2 7.85 12.03 10.55 33.3
1.4 7.67 12.91 4.01 34.83
1.6 7.5 12.86 4.386 36.28
1.8 7.339 12.79 4.9 37.65
2 7.19 12.34 8.25 38.91
3 7.038 12.57 6.54 40.2
4 6.88 12.34 8.25 41.55
5 6.77 12.13 9.8 42.48
From Table 10, it can be observed that by tuning the TMD to fundamental frequency 1.3865Hz ( max: modal mass being
excited along Y) for different mass ratios, it expeditiously arrests the response along Y with increasing mass ratio value.But
along X, it shows an irregularity in response reduction as mass ratio increases. While response reduction is limited to a mere
value to 14 % along Y, TMD contributes to a massive reduction upto 43% along X.

Fig. 4: % response reduction with different mass ratios

Table 11
Response @ all storey levels with & without TMD
Response without TMD (m/s2) Response with TMD (m/s2)
Storey no:
TX TY TX TY
10 13.45 11.77 12.08 7.85
9 12.55 11.37 11.26 7.58
8 11.61 10.956 10.44 7.28
7 10.63 10.52 9.55 6.98
6 9.638 10.076 8.67 6.67
5 8.645 9.628 7.77 6.36
4 7.668 9.182 6.88 6.05
3 6.73 8.75 6.04 5.75
2 5.86 8.34 5.25 5.48
1 4.95 7.914 4.43 5.18
The above table shows the response of infilled wall building without and with TMD (optimum mass ratio of 1.2%) and it can
be seen that it is effective in reducing response at all storey levels.

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org 342

 Response Analysis of Infill Walled Building Frame with Tuned Mass Dampers as Soft Storey
(IJSTE/ Volume 3 / Issue 09 / 071)

Fig. 5: 1st 8 Mode shapes of building with TMD

IV. CONCLUSION

Following conclusions are deciphered from the present study:

1) Steel TMD with optimum frequency ratio, provided in the form of soft storey at building top is found to be effective in
arresting seismic response of building.
2) TMD in the form of soft storey, tuned to fundamental frequency can bring about response reduction within a massive range
of 20-43% along Y whereas it can only contribute a mere reduction up to 14% along X.
3) TMD can efficiently reduce the response for mass ratios ranging from 0.8 to 2 %.. It is found ineffective for mass ratios less
than 0.8 and beyond 2%.
4) TMD as soft storey is efficient in reducing at all storey levels.

REFERENCES
[1] Bakre, S.V. (2002), Seismic response of multistoried buildings with Weak storey at the top, National seminar on structural dynamics in civil engineering
(SDCE-2002), 18-19th July 2002, IISC Bangalore.
[2] Thawre, R.Y (2004) Seismic analysis of multistoried buildings with TMD, submitted as M.Tech. Thesis, VRCE Nagpur.
[3] Pinkaew T., Lukkunaprasit P. And Chatupote P. (2003), Seismic effectiveness of tuned mass dampers for damage reduction on structures, Engineering
Structures, 25, 39-46.
[4] Sadek, F (1997), A method of estimating the parameters TMD for seismic applications, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 26, 617-635.
[5] Thakur V.M.1, Pachpor P.D Seismic Analysis of Multistoried Building with TMD (Tuned Mass Damper); International Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Jan-Feb. 2012, pp. 319-326

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org 343