shi20396_ch06.

qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 149

Chapter 6

6-1
Sy
MSS: 1 3 = S y /n n=
1 3
Sy
DE: n=


1/2
2 1/2
 = A2 A B + B2 = x x y + y2 + 3x2y
(a) MSS: 1 = 12, 2 = 6, 3 = 0 kpsi
50
n= = 4.17 Ans.
12
50
DE:  = (122 6(12) + 62 ) 1/2 = 10.39 kpsi, n= = 4.81 Ans.
  10.39
12 12 2
(b) A , B = + (8) 2 = 16, 4 kpsi
2 2
1 = 16, 2 = 0, 3 = 4 kpsi
50
MSS: n= = 2.5 Ans.
16 (4)
50
DE:  = (122 + 3(82 )) 1/2 = 18.33 kpsi, n = = 2.73 Ans.
 18.33

6 10 6 + 10 2
(c) A , B = + (5) 2 = 2.615, 13.385 kpsi
2 2
1 = 0, 2 = 2.615, 3 = 13.385 kpsi
B
50
MSS: n= = 3.74 Ans.
0 (13.385)
DE:  = [(6) 2 (6)(10) + (10) 2 + 3(5) 2 ]1/2 A
= 12.29 kpsi
50
n= = 4.07 Ans.
12.29
 
12 + 4 12 4 2
(d) A , B = + 12 = 12.123, 3.877 kpsi
2 2
1 = 12.123, 2 = 3.877, 3 = 0 kpsi
50
MSS: n= = 4.12 Ans.
12.123 0
DE:  = [122 12(4) + 42 + 3(12 )]1/2 = 10.72 kpsi
50
n= = 4.66 Ans.
10.72
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 150

150 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

6-2 S y = 50 kpsi
Sy
MSS: 1 3 = S y /n n=
1 3

2 1/2
1/2
DE: A A B + B2 = S y /n n = S y / A2 A B + B2

50
(a) MSS: 1 = 12 kpsi, 3 = 0, n = = 4.17 Ans.
12 0
50
DE: n= = 4.17 Ans.
[122 (12)(12) + 122 ]1/2

50
(b) MSS: 1 = 12 kpsi, 3 = 0, n = = 4.17 Ans.
12
50
DE: n= = 4.81 Ans.
[122 (12)(6) + 62 ]1/2
50
(c) MSS: 1 = 12 kpsi, 3 = 12 kpsi, n = = 2.08 Ans.
12 (12)
50
DE: n= = 2.41 Ans.
[122 (12)(12) + (12) 2 ]1/3
50
(d) MSS: 1 = 0, 3 = 12 kpsi, n = = 4.17 Ans.
(12)
50
DE: n= = 4.81
[(6) 2 (6)(12) + (12) 2 ]1/2

6-3 S y = 390 MPa

Sy
MSS: 1 3 = S y /n n=
1 3

2 1/2
1/2
DE: A A B + B2 = S y /n n = S y / A2 A B + B2
390
(a) MSS: 1 = 180 MPa, 3 = 0, n = = 2.17 Ans.
180
390
DE: n= = 2.50 Ans.
[1802 180(100) + 1002 ]1/2
 
180 180 2
(b) A , B = + 1002 = 224.5, 44.5 MPa = 1 , 3
2 2
390
MSS: n= = 1.45 Ans.
224.5 (44.5)
390
DE: n= = 1.56 Ans.
[1802 + 3(1002 )]1/2
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 151

Chapter 6 151

 
160 160 2
(c) A , B = + 1002 = 48.06, 208.06 MPa = 1 , 3
2 2
390
MSS: n= = 1.52 Ans.
48.06 (208.06)
390
DE: n= = 1.65 Ans.
[160 + 3(1002 )]1/2
2

(d) A , B = 150, 150 MPa = 1 , 3

380
MSS: n= = 1.27 Ans.
150 (150)
390
DE: n= = 1.50 Ans.
[3(150) 2 ]1/2

6-4 S y = 220 MPa

(a) 1 = 100, 2 = 80, 3 = 0 MPa
220
MSS: n= = 2.20 Ans.
100 0
DET:  = [1002 100(80) + 802 ]1/2 = 91.65 MPa
220
n= = 2.40 Ans.
91.65
(b) 1 = 100, 2 = 10, 3 = 0 MPa
220
MSS: n= = 2.20 Ans.
100
DET:  = [1002 100(10) + 102 ]1/2 = 95.39 MPa
220
n= = 2.31 Ans.
95.39
(c) 1 = 100, 2 = 0, 3 = 80 MPa
220
MSS: n= = 1.22 Ans.
100 (80)
DE:  = [1002 100(80) + (80) 2 ]1/2 = 156.2 MPa
220
n= = 1.41 Ans.
156.2
(d) 1 = 0, 2 = 80, 3 = 100 MPa
220
MSS: n= = 2.20 Ans.
0 (100)
DE:  = [(80) 2 (80)(100) + (100) 2 ] = 91.65 MPa
220
n= = 2.40 Ans.
91.65
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 152

152 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

6-5
OB 2.23
(a) MSS: n= = = 2.1
OA 1.08
OC 2.56
DE: n= = = 2.4
OA 1.08
OE 1.65
(b) MSS: n= = = 1.5
OD 1.10
OF 1.8
DE: n= = = 1.6
OD 1.1

(a)
C
B

Scale
1" 200 MPa

O A

D
E F (b)

G K
L

(d)

I
(c)

OH 1.68
(c) MSS: n= = = 1.6
OG 1.05
OI 1.85
DE: n= = = 1.8
OG 1.05
OK 1.38
(d) MSS: n= = = 1.3
OJ 1.05
OL 1.62
DE: n= = = 1.5
OJ 1.05
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 153

Chapter 6 153

6-6 S y = 220 MPa

OB 2.82
(a) MSS: n= = = 2.2
OA 1.3
OC 3.1
DE: n= = = 2.4
OA 1.3
OE 2.2
(b) MSS: n= = = 2.2
OD 1
OF 2.33
DE: n= = = 2.3
OD 1
B

(a)
C
B

1" 100 MPa E (b)

D F
O
A

H
J
I
(c)

L
(d)

OH 1.55
(c) MSS: n= = = 1.2
OG 1.3
OI 1.8
DE: n= = = 1.4
OG 1.3
OK 2.82
(d) MSS: n= = = 2.2
OJ 1.3
OL 3.1
DE: n= = = 2.4
OJ 1.3
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 154

154 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

6-7 Sut = 30 kpsi, Suc = 100 kpsi; A = 20 kpsi, B = 6 kpsi

Sut 30
(a) MNS: Eq. (6-30a) n= = = 1.5 Ans.
x 20
30
BCM: Eq. (6-31a) n= = 1.5 Ans.
20
30
M1M: Eq. (6-32a) n= = 1.5 Ans.
20
30
M2M: Eq. (6-33a) n= = 1.5 Ans.
20
(b) x = 12 kpsi,x y = 8 kpsi
 2
12 12
A, B = + (8) 2 = 16, 4 kpsi
2 2
30
MNS: Eq. (6-30a) n= = 1.88 Ans.
16
1 16 (4)
BCM: Eq. (6-31b) = n = 1.74 Ans.
n 30 100
30
M1M: Eq. (6-32a) n= = 1.88 Ans.
16
30
M2M: Eq. (6-33a) n= = 1.88 Ans.
16
(c) x = 6 kpsi, y = 10 kpsi,x y = 5 kpsi
 
6 10 6 + 10 2
A, B = + (5) 2 = 2.61, 13.39 kpsi
2 2
100
MNS: Eq. (6-30b) n= = 7.47 Ans.
13.39
100
BCM: Eq. (6-31c) n= = 7.47 Ans.
13.39
100
M1M: Eq. (6-32c) n= = 7.47 Ans.
13.39
100
M2M: Eq. (6-33c) n= = 7.47 Ans.
13.39
(d) x = 12 kpsi,x y = 8 kpsi
 
12 12 2
A, B = + 82 = 4, 16 kpsi
2 2

100
MNS: Eq. (6-30b) n= = 6.25 Ans.
16
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 155

Chapter 6 155

1 4 (16)
BCM: Eq. (6-31b) = n = 3.41 Ans.
n 30 100
1 (100 30)4 16
M1M: Eq. (6-32b) = n = 3.95 Ans.
n 100(30) 100
 
4 n(16) + 30 2
M2M: Eq. (6-33b) n + =1
30 30 100
Reduces to n 2 1.1979n 15.625 = 0

1.1979 + 1.19792 + 4(15.625)
n= = 4.60 Ans.
2
B

1" 20 kpsi B (a)

A

O
A

C
E
D (b)
K
F

J
L

(c) (d)
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 156

156 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

6-8 See Prob. 6-7 for plot.

OB 1.55
(a) For all methods: n= = = 1.5
OA 1.03
OD 1.4
(b) BCM: n= = = 1.75
OC 0.8
OE 1.55
All other methods: n= = = 1.9
OC 0.8
OL 5.2
(c) For all methods: n= = = 7.6
OK 0.68
OJ 5.12
(d) MNS: n= = = 6.2
OF 0.82
OG 2.85
BCM: n= = = 3.5
OF 0.82
OH 3.3
M1M: n= = = 4.0
OF 0.82
OI 3.82
M2M: n= = = 4.7
OF 0.82

6-9 Given: S y = 42 kpsi, Sut = 66.2 kpsi, f = 0.90. Since f > 0.05, the material is ductile and
thus we may follow convention by setting S yc = S yt .
Use DE theory for analytical solution. For  , use Eq. (6-13) or (6-15) for plane stress and
Eq. (6-12) or (6-14) for general 3-D.

(a)  = [92 9(5) + (5) 2 ]1/2 = 12.29 kpsi

42
n= = 3.42 Ans.
12.29
(b)  = [122 + 3(32 )]1/2 = 13.08 kpsi
42
n= = 3.21 Ans.
13.08
(c)  = [(4) 2 (4)(9) + (9) 2 + 3(52 )]1/2 = 11.66 kpsi
42
n= = 3.60 Ans.
11.66
(d)  = [112 (11)(4) + 42 + 3(12 )]1/2 = 9.798
42
n= = 4.29 Ans.
9.798
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 157

Chapter 6 157

(d)
H
1 cm 10 kpsi

G
O
A
C (b)
D
A

B (a)

F
(c)

For graphical solution, plot load lines on DE envelope as shown.

(a) A = 9, B = 5 kpsi
OB 3.5
n= = = 3.5 Ans.
OA 1
 
12 12 2
(b) A , B = + 32 = 12.7, 0.708 kpsi
2 2
OD 4.2
n= = = 3.23
OC 1.3
 
4 9 49 2
(c) A , B = + 52 = 0.910, 12.09 kpsi
2 2
OF 4.5
n= = = 3.6 Ans.
OE 1.25
 
11 + 4 11 4 2
(d) A , B = + 12 = 11.14, 3.86 kpsi
2 2
OH 5.0
n= = = 4.35 Ans.
OG 1.15

6-10 This heat-treated steel exhibits S yt = 235 kpsi, S yc = 275 kpsi and f = 0.06. The steel is
ductile ( f > 0.05) but of unequal yield strengths. The Ductile Coulomb-Mohr hypothesis
(DCM) of Fig. 6-27 applies confine its use to first and fourth quadrants.
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 158

158 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

(a) x = 90 kpsi, y = 50 kpsi, z = 0
A = 90 kpsi and B = 50 kpsi. For the

fourth quadrant, from Eq. (6-13)
1 1
n= = = 1.77 Ans.
( A /S yt ) ( B /Suc ) (90/235) (50/275)
(b) x = 120 kpsi, x y = 30 kpsi ccw. A , B = 127.1, 7.08 kpsi. For the fourth
quadrant
1
n= = 1.76 Ans.
(127.1/235) (7.08/275)
(c) x = 40 kpsi, y = 90 kpsi, x y = 50 kpsi . A , B = 9.10, 120.9 kpsi.
Although no solution exists for the third quadrant, use
S yc 275
n= = = 2.27 Ans.
y 120.9
(d) x = 110 kpsi, y = 40 kpsi, x y = 10 kpsi cw. A , B = 111.4, 38.6 kpsi. For the
first quadrant
S yt 235
n= = = 2.11 Ans.
A 111.4
Graphical Solution:
B
OB 1.82
(a) n = = = 1.78
OA 1.02
OD 2.24
(b) n = = = 1.75
OC 1.28
OF 2.75
(c) n = = = 2.22
OE 1.24
OH 2.46
(d) n = = = 2.08 H (d)
OG 1.18
1 in 100 kpsi
G

O A
C (b)
D

B (a)

F
(c)
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 159

Chapter 6 159

6-11 The material is brittle and exhibits unequal tensile and compressive strengths. Decision:
Use the Modified II-Mohr theory as shown in Fig. 6-28 which is limited to first and fourth
quadrants.
Sut = 22 kpsi, Suc = 83 kpsi
Parabolic failure segment:
 

S B + 22 2
S A = 22 1
22 83

SB SA SB SA
22 22.0 60 13.5
30 21.6 70 8.4
40 20.1 80 2.3
50 17.4 83 0

(a) x = 9 kpsi, y = 5 kpsi. A , B = 9, 5 kpsi. For the fourth quadrant, use

Eq. (6-33a)
Sut 22
n= = = 2.44 Ans.
A 9
(b) x = 12 kpsi, x y = 3 kpsi ccw. A , B = 12.7, 0.708 kpsi. For the first quadrant,
Sut 22
n= = = 1.73 Ans.
A 12.7
(c) x = 4 kpsi, y = 9 kpsi, x y = 5 kpsi . A , B = 0.910, 12.09 kpsi. For the
third quadrant, no solution exists; however, use Eq. (6-33c)
83
n= = 6.87 Ans.
12.09
(d) x = 11 kpsi, y = 4 kpsi,x y = 1 kpsi. A , B = 11.14, 3.86 kpsi. For the first quadrant
SA S yt 22
n= = = = 1.97 Ans.
A A 11.14
B
30
Sut 22

A
30

50

Sut 83

90
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 160

160 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

.
6-12 Since f < 0.05, the material is brittle. Thus, Sut = Suc and we may use M2M which is
basically the same as MNS.
(a) A , B = 9, 5 kpsi
35
n= = 3.89 Ans.
9
(b) A , B = 12.7, 0.708 kpsi
35
n= = 2.76 Ans.
12.7
(c) A , B = 0.910, 12.09 kpsi (3rd quadrant)
36
n= = 2.98 Ans. B
12.09
(d) A , B = 11.14, 3.86 kpsi
35
n= = 3.14 Ans.
11.14
1 cm 10 kpsi

Graphical Solution: H (d)

G
OB 4
(a) n = = = 4.0 Ans. A
OA 1 O
C D (b)

A
OD 3.45
(b) n = = = 2.70 Ans. E
OC 1.28
OF 3.7 B (a)
(c) n = = = 2.85 Ans. (3rd quadrant)
OE 1.3
F
OH 3.6
(d) n = = = 3.13 Ans. (c)
OG 1.15

6-13 Sut = 30 kpsi, Suc = 109 kpsi

Use M2M:
(a) A , B = 20, 20 kpsi
30
Eq. (6-33a): n= = 1.5 Ans.
20

(b) A , B = (15) 2 = 15, 15 kpsi
30
Eq. (6-33a) n= = 2 Ans.
15
(c) A , B = 80, 80 kpsi
For the 3rd quadrant, there is no solution but use Eq. (6-33c).
109
Eq. (6-33c): n= = 1.36 Ans.
80
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 161

Chapter 6 161

(d) A , B = 15, 25 kpsi

 
n(15) 25n + 30 2
Eq. (6-33b): + =1
30 30 109
n = 1.90 Ans.

OB 4.25
(a) n = = = 1.50
OA 2.83
OD 4.24 B
(b) n = = = 2.00 B (a)
OC 2.12
OF 15.5
(c) n = = = 1.37 (3rd quadrant) A
OE 11.3
OH 5.3
(d) n = = = 1.83
OG 2.9
O A

1 cm 10 kpsi
G
D
(b)

H
(d)

F
(c)

6-14 Given: AISI 1006 CD steel, F = 0.55 N, P = 8.0 kN, and T = 30 N m, applying the
DE theory to stress elements A and B with S y = 280 MPa
32Fl 4P 32(0.55)(103 )(0.1) 4(8)(103 )
A: x = + = +
d 3 d 2 (0.0203 ) (0.0202 )
= 95.49(106 ) Pa = 95.49 MPa
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 162

162 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

16T 16(30)
x y = = = 19.10(106 ) Pa = 19.10 MPa
d 3 (0.0203 )

1/2
 = x2 + 3x2y = [95.492 + 3(19.1) 2 ]1/2 = 101.1 MPa

Sy 280
n= 
= = 2.77 Ans.
101.1
4P 4(8)(103 )
B: x = = = 25.47(106 ) Pa = 25.47 MPa
d 3 (0.020 )
2
 
16T 4V 16(30) 4 0.55(103 )
x y = + = +
d 3 3 A (0.0203 ) 3 (/4)(0.0202 )
= 21.43(106 ) Pa = 21.43 MPa
 = [25.472 + 3(21.432 )]1/2 = 45.02 MPa
280
n= = 6.22 Ans.
45.02

6-15 Design decisions required:

Material and condition
Design factor
Failure model
Diameter of pin
Using F = 416 lbf from Ex. 6-3
32M
max =
d 3
 
32M 1/3
d=
max
Decision 1: Select the same material and condition of Ex. 6-3 (AISI 1035 steel, S y =
81 000).
Decision 2: Since we prefer the pin to yield, set n d a little larger than 1. Further explana-
tion will follow.
Decision 3: Use the Distortion Energy static failure theory.
Decision 4: Initially set n d = 1
Sy Sy
max = = = 81 000 psi
nd 1
 
32(416)(15) 1/3
d= = 0.922 in
(81 000)
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 163

Chapter 6 163

Choose preferred size of d = 1.000 in

(1) 3 (81 000)
F= = 530 lbf
32(15)
530
n= = 1.274
416
Set design factor to n d = 1.274
Adequacy Assessment:
Sy 81 000
max = = = 63 580 psi
nd 1.274
 
32(416)(15) 1/3
d= = 1.000 in (OK )
(63 580)
(1) 3 (81 000)
F= = 530 lbf
32(15)
530
n= = 1.274 (OK)
416

6-16 For a thin walled cylinder made of AISI 1018 steel, S y = 54 kpsi, Sut = 64 kpsi.
The state of stress is
pd p(8) pd
t = = = 40 p, l = = 20 p, r = p
4t 4(0.05) 8t
These three are all principal stresses. Therefore,
1
 = [(1 2 ) 2 + (2 3 ) 2 + (3 1 ) 2 ]1/2
2
1
= [(40 p 20 p) 2 + (20 p + p) 2 + ( p 40 p) 2 ]
2
= 35.51 p = 54 p = 1.52 kpsi (for yield) Ans.
. .
For rupture, 35.51 p = 64 p = 1.80 kpsi Ans.

6-17 For hot-forged AISI steel w = 0.282 lbf/in3 , S y = 30 kpsi and = 0.292. Then = w/g =
0.282/386 lbf s2 /in; ri = 3 in; ro = 5 in; ri2 = 9; ro2 = 25; 3 + = 3.292; 1 + 3 = 1.876.
Eq. (4-56) for r = ri becomes
   
3+ 1 + 3
t = 2
2ro + ri 1
2 2
8 3+
Rearranging and substituting the above values:
   
Sy 0.282 3.292 1.876
= 50 + 9 1
2 386 8 3.292
= 0.016 19
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 164

164 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

Setting the tangential stress equal to the yield stress,

 
30 000 1/2
= = 1361 rad/s
0.016 19
or n = 60/2 = 60(1361)/(2)
= 13 000 rev/min

Now check the stresses at r = (rori ) 1/2 , or r = [5(3)]1/2 = 3.873 in

 
2 3+
r = (ro ri ) 2
8
 
0.2822 3.292
= (5 3) 2
386 8

= 0.001 2032
Applying Eq. (4-56) for t
   
2 0.282 3.292 9(25) 1.876(15)
t = 9 + 25 +
386 8 15 3.292

= 0.012 162
Using the Distortion-Energy theory

1/2
 = t2 r t + r2 = 0.011 612
 1/2
30 000
Solving = = 1607 rad/s
0.011 61
So the inner radius governs and n = 13 000 rev/min Ans.

6-18 For a thin-walled pressure vessel,

di = 3.5 2(0.065) = 3.37 in

p(di + t)
t =
2t
500(3.37 + 0.065)
t = = 13 212 psi
2(0.065)
pdi 500(3.37)
l = = = 6481 psi
4t 4(0.065)
r = pi = 500 psi
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 165

Chapter 6 165

These are all principal stresses, thus,

1
 = {(13 212 6481) 2 + [6481 (500)]2 + (500 13 212) 2 }1/2
2
 = 11 876 psi
Sy 46 000 46 000
n= 
= 
=
11 876
= 3.87 Ans.

6-19 Table A-20 gives S y as 320 MPa. The maximum significant stress condition occurs at ri
where 1 = r = 0, 2 = 0, and 3 = t . From Eq. (4-50) for r = ri
2ro2 po 2(1502 ) po
t = = = 3.6 po
ro2 ri2 1502 1002
 = 3.6 po = S y = 320
320
po = = 88.9 MPa Ans.
3.6

6-20 Sut = 30 kpsi, w = 0.260 lbf/in3 , = 0.211, 3 + = 3.211, 1 + 3 = 1.633. At the inner
radius, from Prob. 6-17
  
t 3+ 1 + 3 2
= 2ro + ri
2 2
r
2 8 3+ i
Here ro2 = 25, ri2 = 9, and so
  
t 0.260 3.211 1.633(9)
= 50 + 9 = 0.0147
2 386 8 3.211
Since r is of the same sign, we use M2M failure criteria in the first quadrant. From Table
A-24, Sut = 31 kpsi, thus,
 
31 000 1/2
= = 1452 rad/s
0.0147
rpm = 60/(2) = 60(1452)/(2)
= 13 866 rev/min
Using the grade number of 30 for Sut = 30 000 kpsi gives a bursting speed of 13640 rev/min.

6-21 TC = (360 27)(3) = 1000 lbf in , TB = (300 50)(4) = 1000 lbf in

y
223 lbf 127 lbf
B C
A D
8" 8" 6"
350 lbf
xy plane
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/27/03 4:38 PM Page 166

166 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

In x y plane, M B = 223(8) = 1784 lbf in and MC = 127(6) = 762 lbf in.

387 lbf
8" 8" 6"
A D
B C
106 lbf 281 lbf
xz plane

In the x z plane, M B = 848 lbf in and MC = 1686 lbf in. The resultants are
M B = [(1784) 2 + (848) 2 ]1/2 = 1975 lbf in
MC = [(1686) 2 + (762) 2 ]1/2 = 1850 lbf in
So point B governs and the stresses are
16T 16(1000) 5093
x y = = = 3 psi
d 3 d 3 d
32M B 32(1975) 20 120
x = = = psi
d 3 d 3 d3
Then
 2 1/2
x x
A, B = + x2y
2 2

 1/2
2
1 20.12 20.12
A, B = 3 + (5.09) 2
d 2 2

(10.06 11.27)
= kpsi in3
d3
Then
10.06 + 11.27 21.33
A = = kpsi
d3 d3
and
10.06 11.27 1.21
B = 3
= 3 kpsi
d d
For this state of stress, use the Brittle-Coulomb-Mohr theory for illustration. Here we use
Sut (min) = 25 kpsi, Suc (min) = 97 kpsi, and Eq. (6-31b) to arrive at
21.33 1.21 1
=
25d 3 97d 3 2.8
Solving gives d = 1.34 in. So use d = 1 3/8 in Ans.
Note that this has been solved as a statics problem. Fatigue will be considered in the next
chapter.

6-22 As in Prob. 6-21, we will assume this to be statics problem. Since the proportions are un-
changed, the bearing reactions will be the same as in Prob. 6-21. Thus
x y plane: M B = 223(4) = 892 lbf in
x z plane: M B = 106(4) = 424 lbf in
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 167

Chapter 6 167

So
Mmax = [(892) 2 + (424) 2 ]1/2 = 988 lbf in
32M B 32(988) 10 060
x = = = psi
d 3 d 3 d3
Since the torsional stress is unchanged,
x z = 5.09/d 3 kpsi

1/2
   2
1 10.06 10.06
A, B = 3 + (5.09) 2
d 2 2

A = 12.19/d 3 and B = 2.13/d 3

Using the Brittle-Coulomb-Mohr, as was used in Prob. 6-21, gives
12.19 2.13 1
3
3
=
25d 97d 2.8
Solving gives d = 1 1/8 in. Now compare to Modified II-Mohr theory Ans.

6-23 ( FA ) t = 300 cos 20 = 281.9 lbf, ( FA )r = 300 sin 20 = 102.6 lbf

3383
T = 281.9(12) = 3383 lbf in, ( FC ) t = = 676.6 lbf
5
( FC )r = 676.6 tan 20 = 246.3 lbf

ROy = 193.7 lbf 246.3 lbf ROz = 233.5 lbf 676.6 lbf
A B C A B C
O x O x
20" 16" 10" 20" 16" 10"
RBy = 158.1 lbf z RBz = 807.5 lbf
281.9 lbf 102.6 lbf
xy plane xz plane


M A = 20 193.72 + 233.52 = 6068 lbf in

M B = 10 246.32 + 676.62 = 7200 lbf in (maximum)
32(7200) 73 340
x = =
d 3 d3
16(3383) 17 230
x y = =
d 3 d3

1/2 Sy
 = x2 + 3x2y =
n
 2  
1/2
73 340 17 230 2 79 180 60 000
3
+3 3
= 3
=
d d d 3.5

d = 1.665 in so use a standard diameter size of 1.75 in Ans.

shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 168

168 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

6-24 From Prob. 6-23,

 2
1/2
x Sy
max = + x y2
=
2 2n
 2  2
1/2
73 340 17 230 40 516 60 000
+ = =
2d 3 d3 d3 2(3.5)

d = 1.678 in so use 1.75 in Ans.

6-25 T = (270 50)(0.150) = 33 N m , S y = 370 MPa

(T1 0.15T1 )(0.125) = 33 T1 = 310.6 N, T2 = 0.15(310.6) = 46.6 N
(T1 + T2 ) cos 45 = 252.6 N

y 107.0 N 252.6 N

163.4 N 252.6 N 89.2 N 300 400 150

300 A 400 150

O z
B C 320 N 174.4 N
xy plane xz plane


M A = 0.3 163.42 + 1072 = 58.59 N m (maximum)

M B = 0.15 89.22 + 174.42 = 29.38 N m
32(58.59) 596.8
x = =
d 3 d3
16(33) 168.1
x y = =
d 3 d3
 2  2
1/2



2 1/2 596.8 168.1 664.0 370(106 )
= x + 3x y
2
= +3 = =
d3 d3 d3 3.0

d = 17.5(103 ) m = 17.5 mm, so use 18 mm Ans.

6-26 From Prob. 6-25,

 2
1/2
x Sy
max = + x2y =
2 2n
 2  2
1/2
596.8 168.1 342.5 370(106 )
+ = =
2d 3 d3 d3 2(3.0)

d = 17.7(103 ) m = 17.7 mm, so use 18 mm Ans.

shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 169

Chapter 6 169

6-27 For the loading scheme shown in Figure (c),

V
 
F a b 4.4
Mmax = + = (6 + 4.5)
2 2 4 2
M
= 23.1 N m
y
For a stress element at A: B
C x
32M 32(23.1)(103 )
x = = = 136.2 MPa A
d 3 (12) 3
The shear at C is
4( F/2) 4(4.4/2)(103 )
x y = = = 25.94 MPa
3d 2 /4 3(12) 2 /4
 
1/2
136.2 2
max = = 68.1 MPa
2

Since S y = 220 MPa, Ssy = 220/2 = 110 MPa, and

Ssy 110
n= = = 1.62 Ans.
max 68.1

For the loading scheme depicted in Figure (d)

     2  
F a+b F 1 b F a b
Mmax = = +
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4
This result is the same as that obtained for Figure (c). At point B, we also have a surface
compression of
F F 4.4(103 )
y = = = 20.4 MPa
A bd 18(12)
With x = 136.2 MPa. From a Mohrs circle diagram, max = 136.2/2 = 68.1 MPa.
110
n= = 1.62 MPa Ans.
68.1

6-28 Based on Figure (c) and using Eq. (6-15)

1/2
 = x2
= (136.22 ) 1/2 = 136.2 MPa
Sy 220
n= = = 1.62 Ans.
 136.2
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 170

170 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

Based on Figure (d) and using Eq. (6-15) and the solution of Prob. 6-27,

1/2
 = x2 x y + y2
= [(136.2) 2 (136.2)(20.4) + (20.4) 2 ]1/2
= 127.2 MPa
Sy 220
n= 
= = 1.73 Ans.
127.2

6-29
When the ring is set, the hoop tension in the ring is
w
equal to the screw tension.
dF  
ri2 pi ro2
t = 2 1+ 2
r ro ri2 r

We have the hoop tension at any radius. The differential hoop tension d F is
d F = wt dr
 ro  ro  
wri2 pi ro2
F= wt dr = 2 1 + 2 dr = wri pi (1)
ri ro ri2 ri r

The screw equation is

T
Fi = (2)
0.2d
From Eqs. (1) and (2)
pi ri d F T
pi = =
wri 0.2dwri
dFx d Fx = f pi ri d
 2  2
f Tw
Fx = f pi wri d = ri d
o 0.2dwri o
2 f T
= Ans.
0.2d

6-30
(a) From Prob. 6-29, T = 0.2Fi d
T 190
Fi = = = 3800 lbf Ans.
0.2d 0.2(0.25)
(b) From Prob. 6-29, F = wri pi
F Fi 3800
pi = = = = 15 200 psi Ans.
wri wri 0.5(0.5)
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 171

Chapter 6 171

 

ri2 pi ro2 pi ri2 + ro2
(c) t = 2 1+ =
ro ri2 r r=ri ro2 ri2
15 200(0.52 + 12 )
= = 25 333 psi Ans.
12 0.52
r = pi = 15 200 psi
1 3 t r
(d) max = =
2 2
25 333 (15 200)
= = 20 267 psi Ans.
2

1/2
 = A2 + B2 A B
= [25 3332 + (15 200) 2 25 333(15 200)]1/2
= 35 466 psi Ans.
(e) Maximum Shear hypothesis
Ssy 0.5S y 0.5(63)
n= = = = 1.55 Ans.
max max 20.267
Distortion Energy theory
Sy 63
n= 
= = 1.78 Ans.
35 466

6-31
1"R
re The moment about the center caused by force F
1" is Fre where re is the effective radius. This is
R
2 balanced by the moment about the center
caused by the tangential (hoop) stress.
 ro
Fre = rt w dr
t ri
  
wpi r 2 ro ro2
r
= 2 i2 r+ dr
r o ri ri r
 
wpi ri2 ro2 ri2 ro
re =
2  + ro ln
2
F ro ri2 2 ri

From Prob. 6-29, F = wri pi . Therefore,

 
ri ro2 ri2 r o
re = 2 + ro2 ln
ro ri2 2 ri

For the conditions of Prob. 6-29, ri = 0.5 and ro = 1 in

 2 
0.5 1 0.52 1
re = 2 + 1 ln
2
= 0.712 in
1 0.52 2 0.5
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 172

172 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

6-32 nom = 0.0005 in

(a) From Eq. (4-60)
 
30(106 )(0.0005) (1.52 12 )(12 0.52 )
p= = 3516 psi Ans.
1 2(12 )(1.52 0.52 )
Inner member:
 2 
R 2 + ri2 1 + 0.52
Eq. (4-57) (t ) i = p 2 = 3516 2 = 5860 psi
R ri2 1 0.52
(r ) i = p = 3516 psi

1/2
Eq. (6-13) i = A2 A B + B2
= [(5860) 2 (5860)(3516) + (3516) 2 ]1/2
= 5110 psi Ans.
Outer member:
 
1.52 + 12
Eq. (4-58) (t ) o = 3516 = 9142 psi
1.52 12
(r ) o = p = 3516 psi

Eq. (6-13) o = [91422 9142(3516) + (3516) 2 ]1/2

= 11 320 psi Ans.

(b) For a solid inner tube,

 
30(106 )(0.0005) (1.52 12 )(12 )
p= = 4167 psi Ans.
1 2(12 )(1.52 )
(t ) i = p = 4167 psi, (r ) i = 4167 psi
i = [(4167) 2 (4167)(4167) + (4167) 2 ]1/2 = 4167 psi Ans.
 2 
1.5 + 12
(t ) o = 4167 = 10 830 psi, (r ) o = 4167 psi
1.52 12
o = [10 8302 10 830(4167) + (4167) 2 ]1/2 = 13 410 psi Ans.

6-33 Using Eq. (4-60) with diametral values,

 
207(103 )(0.02) (752 502 )(502 252 )
p= = 19.41 MPa Ans.
50 2(502 )(752 252 )
 2 
50 + 252
Eq. (4-57) (t ) i = 19.41 = 32.35 MPa
502 252
(r ) i = 19.41 MPa

Eq. (6-13) i = [(32.35) 2 (32.35)(19.41) + (19.41) 2 ]1/2

= 28.20 MPa Ans.
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 173

Chapter 6 173

 
752 + 502
Eq. (4-58) (t ) o = 19.41 = 50.47 MPa,
752 502
(r ) o = 19.41 MPa
o = [50.472 50.47(19.41) + (19.41) 2 ]1/2 = 62.48 MPa Ans.

6-34
1.9998 1.999
= = 0.0004 in
2 2
Eq. (4-59)
 2   2 
p(1) 2 + 12 p(1) 1 +0
0.0004 = + 0.211 + 0.292
14.5(106 ) 22 12 30(106 ) 12 0
p = 2613 psi
Applying Eq. (4-58) at R,
 
22 + 12
(t ) o = 2613 2 = 4355 psi
2 12
(r ) o = 2613 psi, Sut = 20 kpsi, Suc = 83 kpsi
 
n(4355) 2613n + 20 000 2
Eq. (6-33b) + =1
20 000 20 000 83 000
n = 4.52 Ans.

6-35 E = 30(106 ) psi, = 0.292, I = (/64)(24 1.54 ) = 0.5369 in4

Eq. (4-60) can be written in terms of diameters,



 2 
Ed do2 D 2 D 2 di2 30(106 ) (2 1.752 )(1.752 1.52 )
p=
 = (0.002 46)
D 2D 2 do2 di2 1.75 2(1.752 )(22 1.52 )

= 2997 psi = 2.997 kpsi

Outer member:
1.752 (2.997)
Outer radius: (t ) o = (2) = 19.58 kpsi, (r ) o = 0
22 1.752
 
1.752 (2.997) 22
Inner radius: (t ) i = 2 1+ = 22.58 kpsi, (r ) i = 2.997 kpsi
2 1.752 1.752
Bending:
6.000(2/2)
ro : (x ) o = = 11.18 kpsi
0.5369
6.000(1.75/2)
ri : (x ) i = = 9.78 kpsi
0.5369
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 174

174 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

Torsion: J = 2I = 1.0738 in4

8.000(2/2)
ro : (x y ) o = = 7.45 kpsi
1.0738
8.000(1.75/2)
ri : (x y ) i = = 6.52 kpsi
1.0738
Outer radius is plane stress
x = 11.18 kpsi, y = 19.58 kpsi, x y = 7.45 kpsi
Sy 60
Eq. (6-15)  = [11.182 (11.18)(19.58) + 19.582 + 3(7.452 )]1/2 = =
no no
60
21.35 = n o = 2.81 Ans.
no

Inner radius, 3D state of stress z

2.997 kpsi

9.78 kpsi

22.58 kpsi
x y
6.52 kpsi

From Eq. (6-14) with yz = zx = 0

1 60
 = [(9.78 22.58) 2 + (22.58 + 2.997) 2 + (2.997 9.78) 2 + 6(6.52) 2 ]1/2 =
2 ni
60
24.86 = n i = 2.41 Ans.
ni

6-36 From Prob. 6-35: p = 2.997 kpsi, I = 0.5369 in4 , J = 1.0738 in4

Inner member:
 
(0.8752 + 0.752 )
Outer radius: (t ) o = 2.997 = 19.60 kpsi
(0.8752 0.752 )
(r ) o = 2.997 kpsi
2(2.997)(0.8752 )
Inner radius: (t ) i = = 22.59 kpsi
0.8752 0.752
(r ) i = 0
Bending:
6(0.875)
ro : (x ) o = = 9.78 kpsi
0.5369
6(0.75)
ri : (x ) i = = 8.38 kpsi
0.5369
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 175

Chapter 6 175

Torsion:
8(0.875)
ro : (x y ) o = = 6.52 kpsi
1.0738
8(0.75)
ri : (x y ) i = = 5.59 kpsi
1.0738
The inner radius is in plane stress: x = 8.38 kpsi, y = 22.59 kpsi, x y = 5.59 kpsi
i = [8.382 (8.38)(22.59) + (22.59) 2 + 3(5.592 )]1/2 = 29.4 kpsi
Sy 60
ni =  = = 2.04 Ans.
i 29.4
Outer radius experiences a radial stress, r
1  1/2
o = (19.60 + 2.997) 2 + (2.997 9.78) 2 + (9.78 + 19.60) 2 + 6(6.52) 2
2
= 27.9 kpsi
60
no = = 2.15 Ans.
27.9

6-37
   
1 KI KI 3 2
p = 2 cos sin cos sin
2 2r 2 2r 2 2 2
 
1/2
KI 3 2
+ sin cos cos
2r 2 2 2
 1/2

KI 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3
= cos sin cos sin + sin cos cos
2r 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
   
KI KI
= cos cos sin = cos 1 sin
2r 2 2 2 2r 2 2
Plane stress: The third principal stress is zero and
   
KI KI
1 = cos 1 + sin , 2 = cos 1 sin , 3 = 0 Ans.
2r 2 2 2r 2 2
Plane strain: 1 and 2 equations still valid however,
KI
3 = (x + y ) = 2 cos Ans.
2r 2

6-38 For = 0 and plane strain, the principal stress equations of Prob. 6-37 give
KI KI
1 = 2 = , 3 = 2 = 21
2r 2r
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 176

176 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

1
(a) DE: [(1 1 ) 2 + (1 21 ) 2 + (21 1 ) 2 ]1/2 = S y
2
1 21 = S y
  
1 1
For = , 12 1 = S y 1 = 3S y Ans.
3 3
(b) MSS: 1 3 = S y 1 21 = S y
1
= 1 = 3S y Ans.
3
2
3 = 1
3

Radius of largest circle

1, 2
 
1
2
3 1 1 2
R= 1 1 =
2 3 6

6-39 (a) Ignoring stress concentration

F = S y A = 160(4)(0.5) = 320 kips Ans.

(b) From Fig. 6-36: h/b = 1, a/b = 0.625/4 = 0.1563, = 1.3

F 
Eq. (6-51) 70 = 1.3 (0.625)
4(0.5)
F = 76.9 kips Ans.

6-40 Given: a = 12.5 mm, K I c = 80 MPa m, S y = 1200 MPa, Sut = 1350 MPa

350 350 50
ro = = 175 mm, ri = = 150 mm
2 2
12.5
a/(ro ri ) = = 0.5
175 150

150
ri /ro = = 0.857
175
.
Fig. 6-40: = 2.5

Eq. (6-51): K I c = a

80 = 2.5 (0.0125)
= 161.5 MPa
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 177

Chapter 6 177

Eq. (4-51) at r = ro :
ri2 pi
= 2 (2)
ro ri2
1502 pi (2)
161.5 =
1752 1502
pi = 29.2 MPa Ans.

6-41
(a) First convert the data to radial dimensions to agree with the formulations of Fig. 4-25.
Thus
ro = 0.5625 0.001in
ri = 0.1875 0.001 in
Ro = 0.375 0.0002 in
Ri = 0.376 0.0002 in
The stochastic nature of the dimensions affects the = |Ri | |Ro | relation in
Eq. (4-60) but not the others. Set R = (1/2)( Ri + Ro ) = 0.3755. From Eq. (4-60)




E ro2 R 2 R 2 ri2
p=

R 2R 2 ro2 ri2

Substituting and solving with E = 30 Mpsi gives

p = 18.70(106 )
Since = Ri Ro
= Ri Ro = 0.376 0.375 = 0.001 in
and
 2  2
1/2
0.0002 0.0002
= +
4 4

= 0.000 070 7 in
Then
0.000 070 7
C = = = 0.0707
0.001
The tangential inner-cylinder stress at the shrink-fit surface is given by
R 2 + ri2
it = p
R 2 ri2
 
0.37552 + 0.18752
= 18.70(10 ) 6
0.37552 0.18752
= 31.1(106 )
it = 31.1(106 ) = 31.1(106 )(0.001)
= 31.1(103 ) psi
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 178

178 Solutions Manual Instructors Solution Manual to Accompany Mechanical Engineering Design

Also
it = |C it | = 0.0707(31.1)103
= 2899 psi
it = N(31 100, 2899) psi Ans.
(b) The tangential stress for the outer cylinder at the shrink-fit surface is given by
 2 
ro + R 2
ot = p 2
ro R 2
 
0.56252 + 0.37552
= 18.70(10 )
6
0.56252 0.37552
= 48.76(106 ) psi
ot = 48.76(106 )(0.001) = 48.76(103 ) psi
ot = C ot = 0.0707(48.76)(103 ) = 34.45 psi

ot = N(48 760, 3445) psi Ans.

6-42 From Prob. 6-41, at the fit surface ot = N(48.8, 3.45) kpsi. The radial stress is the fit
pressure which was found to be
p = 18.70(106 )
p = 18.70(106 )(0.001) = 18.7(103 ) psi
p = C p = 0.0707(18.70)(103 )
= 1322 psi
and so
p = N(18.7, 1.32) kpsi
and
or = N(18.7, 1.32) kpsi
These represent the principal stresses. The von Mises stress is next assessed.
A = 48.8 kpsi, B = 18.7 kpsi
k = B / A = 18.7/48.8 = 0.383
 = A (1 k + k 2 ) 1/2
= 48.8[1 (0.383) + (0.383) 2 ]1/2
= 60.4 kpsi
 = C p  = 0.0707(60.4) = 4.27 kpsi
shi20396_ch06.qxd 8/18/03 12:22 PM Page 179

Chapter 6 179

Using the interference equation

S 
z =
1/2
S2 + 2
95.5 60.4
= = 4.5
[(6.59) 2 + (4.27) 2 ]1/2
p f = = 0.000 003 40,
or about 3 chances in a million. Ans.

6-43
pd 6000N(1, 0.083 33)(0.75)
t = =
2t 2(0.125)
= 18N(1, 0.083 33) kpsi

pd 6000N(1, 0.083 33)(0.75)

l = =
4t 4(0.125)
= 9N(1, 0.083 33) kpsi
r = p = 6000N(1, 0.083 33) kpsi
These three stresses are principal stresses whose variability is due to the loading. From
Eq. (6-12), we find the von Mises stress to be
 1/2
 (18 9) 2 + [9 (6)]2 + (6 18) 2
=
2
= 21.0 kpsi
 = C p  = 0.083 33(21.0) = 1.75 kpsi
S 
z =
1/2
S2 + 2
50 21.0
= = 6.5
(4.12 + 1.752 ) 1/2
The reliability is very high
.
R = 1 (6.5) = 1 4.02(1011 ) = 1 Ans.