Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

BI GING S 01 S TIT: 03
I. TN BI GING:
TNG QUAN V H THNG KHI NEN
CAC PHN T TRONG H THNG KHI NEN
II. MC TIU
- Hc vin nm c khi nim c bn v ng dng, c trng ca truyn ng KN
- Nm vng cc thng s vt l c bn thng dng trong kh nn: Lc, p sut
- Bit nguyn l hot ng v phn loi my nn kh
- Hc vin nm c phng php v thit b x l kh nn
- Hc vin nm c cu to k hiu, nguyn l lm vic, tn gi van o chiu
III. DNG V PHNG TIN GING DY
1) - Gio trnh mn hc
2) - Ti liu tham kho: H thng iu khin bng kh nn ca Nguyn Ngc Phng
3) My chiu OVERHEAD hoc PROJECTOR
IV. NI DUNG BI GING
A. TNG QUAN V H THNG KH NN[45 pht]
1) Kh nng ng dng ca kh nn
- Dng cho cc thit b cng nghip, giao thng, dn dng: ba my dng hi, thit b nng h, g
kp dao trong my CNC, ng m ca xe bus).
- Trong cc dy chuyn sn xut hoc lp rp t ng: xc ra chai, ng gi bao b, lp rp cc linh
lin in t
- Cc dng c, thit b va p: c hi, my khai thc , khai thc than, thit b hm m
- C kh nng to chuyn ng quay bng kh nn vi cng sut ln gi thnh rt cao so vi in
nhng th tch v trng lng rt nh,
- Truyn ng bng kh nn c th ng dng trong cc cc lnh vc cn v sinh mi trng v an
ton cao, khng gy chy.
2) Nhng c trng va u nhc im cua h thng truyn ng khi nen
- an ton khi qu ti: khi h thng t c p sut lm vic ti hn, th truyn ng vn an
ton, khng gy s c h hng.
- Tn tht nng lng: Tn tht p sut v chi ph u t mng truyn ti bng kh nn tng i
thp so vi bng thy lc nhng cao so vi truyn ng in.
- Truyn ng n gin v hiu qu nht l khi cn to truyn ng thng ch cn dng cc xi
lanh kh nn.
- Vn tc truyn ng: dng kh nn c th to nn vn tc kh cao cho cc c cu chp hnh (1-
2m/s).
- Kh nng iu chnh lu lng v p sut: c kh nng iu chnh lu lng v p sut mt
cch v cp.
- Tc x l tn hiu tng i chm hn so vi truyn ng in.
2.1 u nhc im ca HTT bng kh nn
2.1.1 u im:
- V s lng: khng kh c sn mi ni vi s lng khng hn ch.
- V lu tr: khng kh c th nn c nn c th dng cc bnh cha lu tr, v c th trch ra
mt lng cn thit s dng.
- Khng kh nn t b nh hng bi nhit v khng gy chy.

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Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

- V mt mi trng, khng gy nhim v khng phi x l trc khi thi ra mi trng.

- Cu to cc trang thit b cho h thng kh nn kh n gin v r tin, cc phn t c tiu
chun ha cao, d dng thay th, bo dng.
2.1.2 Nhc im:
- Lc truyn ti trng thp v b khng ch bi p sut lm vic, thng thng h thng truyn
ng kh nn lm vic vi p sut 7 8 bar. Vi p sut ny ln lc cng tc c gii hn t 20.000 -
30.000 N (ty thuc vo vn tc v cu hnh ca c cu chp hnh).
- Dng kh nn thot ra ngoi thng gy ting n.
- Do kh nng n hi ca khng kh nn ln cho nn khi ti trng thay i dn n vn tc truyn
cng thay i, lm nh hng chnh xc chuyn ng.
3) Cac ai lng vt ly v n vi o
3.1 Cc i lng vt l thng dng trong kh nn
3.1.1 Lc:
n v o lc l Newton (N). T nh lut 2 Newton: F = m .a [N]
Ta thy, 1 Newton l lc truyn cho vt c khi lng 1 kg mt gia tc bng 1 m/s2
1 N = 1 kg.m/s2
Mi quan h gia h o lng k thut v h SI:
1 kp = 9,81 N
n gin trong tnh ton, ngi ta ly
1 kp = 10 N

3.1.2 p sut:

l t s gia lc tc dng trn n v din tch

n v o p sut gm: Pascal, N/m2, Bar, kG/cm2, PSI
- Pascal (Pa): l p sut do lc 1 Newton (N) phn b u ln b mt c din tch 1m2.
1 Pa = 1 N/m2 = 10-5 bar
1 bar = 105 N/m2 = 105 Pa
Trong thc t n v Pascal kh nh nn ngi ta thng s dng Megapascal (MPa)
1 Mpa = 106 Pa
Cc n v thng dng khc:
- Atmosphre k thut (at):
1 at = 1 kp/cm2 = 0,981 bar
- Atmosphre vt l (atm):
1atm = 1,033 at = 1,013 bar
- Cc nc Anh, M dng PSI (Pounds per Square Inch)
1PSI = 6.894,76 N/m2 = 6,89476 kPa
1 bar 14,5 PSI = 100 kPa
Cc dng p sut trong tnh ton k thut
- p sut tuyt i (Absolute pressure) Pab
- Chn khng (Vaccum): Pv
- p sut d (Gauge pressure): Pg
p sut hin th trn cc p k l p sut d (Pg) l hiu gia p sut tuyt i (Pab) v p sut kh
quyn.

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Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

Pg = Pab- 1 (atm)
p sut ghi trn cc chn khng k l hiu gia p sut kh quyn v p sut tuyt i
Pv = 1(atm) - Pab
3.2 Cc n v o
3.2.1 Cc thng s c bn

Thng s K hiu H k thut H SI

Chiu di (Length) L Mt (m) Mt (m)
Khi lng (Mass) m kp.s2/m Kilogram (kg)
Thi gian (Timer) t Giy (s) Giy (s)
0 0
Nhit (Temperature) T C K

3.2.2 Cc thng s dn sut

Thng s K hiu H k thut H SI

Lc (Force) F Kilopond (kp) Newton (N)
p sut (Pressure) P Atmosphere (at) Pascal (Pa)
Din tch (Area) A m2 m2
Th tch (Volume) V m3 m3
Lu lng (Flowrate) Q m3/s m3/s
B. CC PHN T TRONG H THNG KH NN [75 pht]
1. H thng K kh nn
- Phn t a tin hiu: nhn nhng gia tri vao la cac ai lng vt ly (lc tac ng, dong
in). y la phn t u tin cua mach iu khin (cac loai nut n, rle)
- Phn t x ly tin hiu: x ly tin hiu vao theo mt qui tc logic xac inh, lam thay i trang
thai phn t iu khin (van tit lu, van OR hoc AND )
- Phn t iu khin: iu khin dong nng lng theo yu cu, thay i trang thai cua c
cu chp hanh (van ao chiu, ly hp )
- C cu chp hanh: thay i trang thai cua i tng iu khin, la ai lng ra cua mach
iu khin (Xilanh, ng c).
2.Van o chiu (Directional control valves)
2.1 Nguyn l hot ng
2.1.1. K hiu v tn gi van o chiu
K hiu v tr van
K hiu ca ni van
K hiu tn gi van
2.1.2. Tn hiu tc ng ln van
2.1.3. Van ao chiu co vi tri khng
Van ao chiu co vi tri khng la loai van lun chiu tac ng theo mt chiu bi lc y cua lo xo
ln nong van, chiu tac ng ngc lai la cac dang tin hiu: c, khi nen hay bng in. Lo xo qui c t
bn phai cua ky hiu van.
Sau ay la mt s van ao chieu co v tr khong thng gap
2
trong thc te:

a) Van o chiu 3/2 tc ng bng tay nt n:

1 3

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Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

b) Van o chiu 3/2 tc ng trc tip bng kh nn:

1 3

c) Van o chiu 5/2 tc ng mt pha bng kh nn: Z

S R

d) Van hnh trnh kh nn:

2.1.4. Van ao chiu khng co vi tri khng

Sau khi tin hiu ln cui tac ng ln van khng con na, van vn gi v i tri o cho n khi co tin
hiu tac ng ln phia i din.

2
a) Van o chiu 3/2 tc ng bng tay:

1 3
B A

b) Van o chiu 4/2 tc ng 2 pha bng kh nn:

V. TNG KT BI [10 pht] P R

- Cc phng php x l khng kh nn
- Chc nng bnh trch cha
- Chc nng, nguyn l hot ng v k hiu cc loi van o chiu
VI. CU HI V BI TP V NH [5 pht]
1). Thnh phn v chc nng ca b lc ?
2). K hiu van o chiu ?
Ngy thng nm 2009
T, mn duyt Ging vin

Trn Cng Hng Ng Vn Cng

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Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

BI GING S 02 S TIT: 03
I.TN BI GING:
CAC PHN T TRONG H THNG KHI NEN
C CU CHP HNH
IU KHIN KH NN- IN KH NN
II. MC TIU
- Bit nguyn l hot ng, k hiu, cch s dng cc loi van chn , van p sut, timer
- Hc vin nm c k hiu, nguyn l hot ng cc van o chiu thng dng
- Gii thiu cho hc vin nm nguyn l cu to mt s xilanh, ng c kh nn thng dng
- Bit tnh ton lc y sinh ra v lng kh tiu th ca mt xi lanh kh nn
- Hc vin hiu v lp c biu trng thi hot ng ca mt/hai xi lanh
III. DNG V PHNG TIN GING DY
1- Gio trnh mn hc
2- Ti liu tham kho: H thng iu khin bng kh nn ca Nguyn Ngc Phng
3- My chiu OVERHEAD hoc PROJECTOR
IV. NI DUNG BI GING
A. CC PHN T TRONG H THNG KH NN [45 pht]
1. VAN CHN
1.1 Van mot chieu (Check vale)
Van mot chieu co tac dung ch cho lu
lng dong kh nen i qua mot chieu, chieu A B
ngc lai b chan. S che kn mot pha co the
thc hien nh mot mat con, mot vien bi
A
1.2 Van logic OR (Shuttle vale)
Van logic OR co chc nang nhan tn hieu ieu X Y
khien nhng v tr khac nhau trong he thong
ieu khien

A
1.3 Van logic AND (Dual - pressre vale)
Van logic AND se co chc nang nhan tn hieu
ieu khien cung mot luc nhng v tr khac X Y
nhau trong he thong ieu khien.

1.4 Van xa nhanh (Quick exhaus vale)

Van gom 3 ca: ca noi vi nguon kh nen P,
A
ca thoat R, ca cong tac A. Khi dong kh nen
vao ca P se ay nong van sang phai lam chan
P
ca R, va ca P noi vi ca A. Trng hp ngc R
lai, khi dong kh nen i t ca A se ay nong van Ky
sang trai, ca P b chan va ca A thong vi ca hieu
xa R. Luc nay ng ra cua kh co the thoat
mot cach trc tiep ra ngoai moi trng.

2. VAN TIT LU

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Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

Van tiet lu co nhiem vu chnh la ieu chnh lu lng dong chay,

tc la ieu chnh van toc hoac thi gian chay cua c cau chap hanh.
2.1 Van tiet lu co tiet dien thay oi (Thorttle vale):
Nguyen ly lam viec cua van tiet lu nay da
vao s thay oi tiet dien chay ca van (hnh 4.12),
dan en lam thay oi lu lng dong kh qua van.
Van nay co kha nang tiet lu ca 2 chieu, dong Ky
hieu
kh nen i t A qua B va ngc lai. e thay oi khe
h tiet lu cua van, ngi ta dung mot vt ieu
chnh.

2.2 Van tiet lu mot chieu (One-way flow control vale):

Ch tiet lu theo mot chieu, chieu ngc lai
se khong b tiet lu. K hieu van tiet lu mot chieu
the hien tren hnh ve ben

2.2.1Cac phng phap tiet lu:

a) Tiet lu ng cap (Supply air throtting)
b) Tiet lu ng xa (Exhaust air throtting)

3.VAN P SUT

3.1 Van an ton

P R
Khi p sut u vo van t gi tr cc i th ca x s m x
kh ra mi trng. Khi p sut u vo van nh hn p lc ca l xo tc
ng trong van (c iu chnh trc) th ca x s ng li.

3.2 Van trn

Nguyn tc hot ng ca van ny tng t van an ton, ch khc l P A
khi p sut ca P t gi tr xc nh th ca ny s ni vi ca A ni vo
h thng.

3.3 Van n p (Pressure regulating vale):

Thng c gn km theo b lc vi mc ch iu chnh v duy A
P
tr p sut u ra ca van c mt gi tr n nh. Cn lu l p sut u
vo phi lun ln hn p sut gi tr p sut mong mun u ra.

3.4 Van iu chnh p sut (Adjustable pressure sequence vale):

Nguyn tc dng p sut P ca dng tn hiu Z tc ng vo mt van iu khin. Khi p sut P
[P] ( [P] gi tr p sut iu chnh), tn hiu Z s tc ng v lm thay i trng thi ca van iu khin.
C 2 loi van p sut iu chnh t xa:
- Loi tc ng trc tip (k hiu nh hnh a)
- Loi tc ng gin tip qua van trn (hnh b)
A
A
Z
a) b)
P R
P RR
Z
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Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

4. VAN IU CHNH THI GIAN (Timer delay vale)

Thiet b nay con c goi la rle thi gian hay b lam tr. No gom 3
phan t chnh:
- Van tiet lu mot chieu.
- Bnh tch ap.
- Van 3/2 ieu khien bang kh nen.

C 2 loi van thi gian: loi van thi gian m cham v van thi gian ngat cham.

Z
Z
A
t

P R
A
Ky hieu van thi gian m Bieu o thi
cham gian
Z

Z A
t

Ky hieu van thi gian ngat Bieu o thi

cham P R gian
B. C CU CHP HNH [45 pht]
1.CHC NNG -YU CU
Chc nng ca c cu chp hnh trong cc h thng kh nn l nhn ngun nng lng kh nn
bin i thnh nng lng c hc nhm thc hin cc chuyn ng theo yu cu iu khin ca h thng.
C cu chp hnh c th thc hin cc chuyn ng thng (Piston - xi lanh), chuyn ng quay (xi lanh
quay, ng c kh nn).
Trong cc h thng truyn ng kh nn, ta thng gp 2 dng c cu chp hnh ph bin l xi lanh
lc v ng c kh nn.
4.1 XI LANH KH NN
4.1.1Cc loi xi lanh:
a) Xi lanh tc ng n (Single acting)
p lc tc ng vo xi lanh ch mt phi, pha ngc li do l xo
hoc ngoi lc tc ng. Loi xi lanh ny thng c hnh trnh khng
ln (< 200mm).

b) Xi lanh tc ng kp (Double acting):

p lc tc ng vo xi lanh tc ng kp theo c 2 pha
ca piston. Xi lanh tc ng kp c 2 loi: loi khng c gim
chn v loi c gim chn. Hnh 5.2 th hin cu to xi lanh tc Khng c gim chn
ng kp khng c gim chn.

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C gim chn
Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

B phn gim chn l dng van tit lu mt chiu t vo

2 u ca xi lanh nhm ngn chn s va p ca piston vo
thnh xi lanh v tr cui khong chy.

c) Xi lanh mng :
m a n g
Tng t xi lanh tc ng n, xi lanh mng c a p s u a t p

piston lm kn dng mng chn. Loi ny c hnh

trnh lm vic nh (ti a l 80mm), do vy n thng
c s dng trong iu khin, trong cng nghip p t to n g

t (iu khin thng, ly hp)

Hnh 5.3 th hin cu to mt xi lanh mng.

d) Xi lanh quay bng thanh rng: Hnh 5.3: Xi lanh mng

Khi cp kh nn vo xi lanh, chuyn ng tnh tin piston bin thnh chuyn ng quay ca trc
cng tc ca xi lanh nh c cu bnh rng-thanh rng (thanh rng gn trn cn piston). Gc quay c th
900, 1800, 3600 (hnh 5.12).
Kh
vao/ra

a) Kt cu (a) v hnh dng ngoi (b) xi lanh quay

Hnh 5.4: b)

4.1.2Tnh ton cc thng s lm vic ca xi lanh:

a) Tnh lc y sinh ra ca xi lanh (F):
F = F1 = m.g.sin
Khi xi lanh y vt nm ngang :
F = . Fg
= .m.g
( h s ma st ti b mt tip xc gia vt y v mt phng)
Khi xi lanh y vt thng ng :
F = m.g
i vi cc xi lanh kh nn, lc y F k trn c sinh ra nh p sut kh nn P cp cho xi lanh
tc dng trn din tch piston A v c tnh nh sau:

Xi lanh tc ng n:
F = .P.A FL , [N]
Trong :

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Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

P: p sut ngun kh nn cp cho xi lanh, [N/m2]

FL: Lc phn hi ca l xo, [N]
A: Din tch nh piston, v c tnh:

D 2 -6
A = 10 , [m 2 ]
4
D: ng knh xi lanh, [mm]
Hiu sut lm vic ca xi lanh, [%]
(thng thng = 0,8 0,9)

Xi lanh tc ng kp:
Lc y sinh ra hnh trnh i ra ca piston:
F = .P.A [N]
Lc y sinh ra hnh trnh i v ca piston:
F = . P. A [N]

Trong :
P: p sut ngun kh nn cp cho xi lanh, [N/m2]
A : Din tch nh piston - pha c cn piston, [m2]
( D2 d 2 )
A' = 10-6 , [m2 ]
4
d: ng knh cn piston [mm]

b) Tnh lng kh tiu th ca xi lanh (Q):

Vi xi lanh tc ng n:

D 2
Q = n . . L . i .10 -3 , [m 3 / pht ]
4
Trong :
n : S hnh trnh kp ca xi lanh/n v thi gian, [hnh trnh/pht]
D: ng knh xi lanh, [dm]
L: Hnh trnh ca xi lanh, [dm]
i : T s nn, i c tnh:
1,013 - P (bar)
i =
1,013
Vi xi lanh tc ng kp:

(2D 2 + d 2 )
Q = n . . L . i.10 -3 , [m 3 / pht ]
4
Trong :
n : S hnh trnh kp ca xi lanh/n v thi gian, [hnh trnh/pht]
D: ng knh xi lanh, [dm]
L: Hnh trnh ca xi lanh, [dm]
d: ng knh cn piston [dm]

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Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

2. NG C KH NN
Chc nng:
ng c kh nn l c cu chp hnh c nhim v bin i nng lng th nng hay ng nng ca
kh nn thnh nng lng c hc dng chuyn ng quay.
u im:
iu chnh n gin mmen quay v s vng quay
t c vi s vng quay cao v iu chnh v cp
t b h hng khi qu ti
Gi thnh bo dng thp
Nhc im:
Gi thnh nng lng cao (khong gn 10 ln so vi ng c in)
S vng quay b thay i khi ti trng thay i
Pht sinh ting n ln do hin tng x kh.
2.1 ng c bnh rng (Gear motor)
ng c bnh rng thng c cng sut n 50 kW vi p sut lm vic 6 bar v mmen quay t
n 500 Nm (hnh 5.8)
Da vo kt cu dng rng ca cc bnh rng trong ng c, ngi ta c cc loi: ng c bnh
rng thng, ng c bnh rng nghing, ng c bnh rng ch V.
ng c bnh rng thng: mmen quay c to ra bi p sut kh nn ln mt bn rng. ng thi
kh phi c ko di gim ting n.
ng c bnh rng nghing: nguyn l lm vic tng t ng c bnh rng thng, cn ch lc
tc dng hng trc v dc trc khi chn ln.
ng c bnh rng ch V: lc dc trc v ting n b.

2.2 ng c trc vt:

Bin dng ca 2 trc vt c phn li ca trc ny
tng ng phn lm ca trc kia. tng hiu sut s
dng, hai trc vt thng c s rng khc nhau

2.3 ng c cnh gt (Rotate motor)

Nguyn l hot ng ca ng c cnh gt th hin hnh 5.10. Di tc dng ca p sut kh nn
ln cnh gt (4) lm rto (5) quay, kh nn c thi ra ngoi qua ca x (8)

2.4 ng c piston (Piston motor)

a) ng c piston hng knh (Radial piston motor)
Nguyn l hot ng ca ng c piston hng knh th hin hnh 5.11. p sut kh nn s tc
ng ln piston (2), qua thanh truyn (3), lm cho trc khuu quay. Ngi ta thng b tr nhiu xylanh
trc khuu quay c n nh v gim va p.
b) ng c piston hng trc (Axial piston motor)
Thng thng ng c loi ny c 5 xi lanh c sp xp dc theo trc quay. Mmen quay c to
thnh bi lc tip tuyn ca cn piston tc ng ln a ni vi trc truyn. ng c piston hng trc c
th iu khin v cp s vng quay vi mmen ln n 900 Nm.
2.5 ng c turbin:
Nguyn l hot ng ca ng c turbin l chuyn i ng nng ca dng kh nn qua vi phun
thnh nng lng c hc. Loi ng c ny thng c s vng quay rt cao (khong 10.000 vng/pht).
Ty theo hng dng kh nn vo turbin ta c ng c turbin dc trc, hng trc, tip tuyn v ng c
turbin tia phun t do
3. B BIN I P LC
3.1 Bin i p lc kh nn thnh p lc thy lc

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Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

Hnh 5.15 minh ha s b bin i p lc kh nn thnh p lc thy lc c cng p sut.

truyn ng cho xi lanh thy lc.
Ngun kh nn c cp vo 2 bnh cha A hoc B qua van o chiu 5/2, sau chuyn nng
lng kh nn thnh p lc du dn ng xi lanh thy lc .
3.2 B khuch i p lc
B khuch i p lc c chc nng bin i p lc kh nn c p sut thp (P 1) thnh p lc kh nn
hoc thy lc c p sut ln hn (P2).
Gi P1 p sut vo b khuch i (p sut kh nn)
P2 p sut khuch i, p sut ra
A1, A2 din tch b mt piston pha chu p sut P1 v P2
Ta c : P1 . A1 = P2 . A2
A1 A1
P2 = P1 T s c gi l h s khuch i ca b bin i p lc
A2 A2

C. IU KHIN KH NN- IN KH NN [30 pht]

1.BIU DIN CHC NNG CA QU TRNH IU KHIN
1.1 Biu trng thi:
Theo tiu chun VDI 3260 ca Cng Ho Lin Bang c qui c, Biu trng thi gm 2 trc
ta : trc thng ng biu din trng thi cc phn t (hnh trnh chuyn ng, p sut, trng thi
On/Off), trc nm ngang th hin tun t cc bc hoc thi gian thc hin cc bc.
Chu trnh lm vic c chia thnh cc bc, s thay i trng thi trong cc bc c biu din
bng ng m. S lin kt cc tn hiu biu din bng cc nt mnh km theo cc mi tn biu din
chiu tc ng.
Mt s k hiu thng dng biu din trn biu trng thi theo VDI 3260 :

Nt nhn (khi ng) Lin kt OR

Nt ngt
Tn hiu tc ng Lin kt AND
Nt ng/ngt

1.2 S chc nng:

Ngoi biu trng thi, trong k thut iu khin ngi ta thng dng s chc nng m t
qu trnh iu khin.Theo tiu chun DIN 40719 ca Cng Ho Lin Bang c qui c mt s chc
nng bao gm cc bc thc hin v cc lnh.
Cc bc thc hin c k hiu theo s th t, v cc lnh gm tn lnh, loi lnh v v tr ngt
ca lnh (hnh 6.2). i-1
Tn hiu vo

i Tn lnh

Ni dung bc i
Loi lnh V tr ngt lnh

i +nn
1.3 Qui c biu din s mch kh 1
a) K hiu cc phn t trong s mch
b) Biu din trng thi cc phn t

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Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

c) K hiu ng ng

V. TNG KT BI [10 pht]

- K hiu v nguyn l hot ng cc loi van chn, van p sut, van thi gian, van tit lu.
- Chc nng ca phn t chuyn i tn hiu kh nn-in
- Qui tc thit lp biu trng thi hot ng ca mt/hai xi lanh
- Phng php iu khin ty ng theo hnh trnh

VI.CU HI V BI TP V NH [5 pht]
1).S khc nhau c bn gia van o chiu c v tr khng v khng c v tr khng ?
2).So snh van o chiu tc ng trc tip v gin tip bng kh nn qua van ph tr ?
3).Cc phng php tit lu ?
4) Lp s mch K 1 xi lanh t ng bng kh nn theo hnh trnh.

Ngy thng nm 2009

T, mn duyt Ging vin

Trn Cng Hng Ng Vn Cng

12
Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

BI GING S 03 S TIT: 03
I.TN BI GING:
IU KHIN KH NN- IN KH NN
II. MC TIU
- Hc vin hiu v lp c biu trng thi hot ng ca mt/hai xi lanh
III. DNG V PHNG TIN GING DY
1- Gio trnh mn hc
2- Ti liu tham kho: H thng iu khin bng kh nn ca Nguyn Ngc Phng
3- My chiu OVERHEAD hoc PROJECTOR
IV. NI DUNG BI GING
A. THIT K MCH IU KHIN KH NN [120 pht]
1.iu khin bng tay:
iu khin bng tay c ng dng phn ln trong nhng mch iu khin bng kh nn n gin
nh cc mch dng g kp chi tit, ng m ca ch yu s dng 2 thao tc tng ng vi cc nt
nhn On/Off.
a) iu khin trc tip:
Mch gm mt mt xi lanh tc ng n v mt van o chiu 3/2. C 2 chc nng a tn hiu v
x l tn hiu u do van 3/2 m nhn
b) iu khin gin tip:
Khi tc ng vo nt nhn 1.01 hoc 1.02, tn hiu iu khin bng kh nn c kch vo 2 pha
van o chiu 1.1 van ny s thc hin vic cp dng kh nn cho xi lanh 1.0 piston i ra hoc li v
2.iu khin ty ng theo hnh trnh:
a) Mch iu khin ty ng 1 xi lanh
Hnh di l s mch iu khin tu ng theo hnh trnh vi mt xi lanh. V tr t cng tc
hnh trnh S1 v S2 s quyt nh hnh trnh ra ca piston A.
b) Mch iu khin ty ng 1 xi lanh
c) Mch iu khin ty ng 2 xi lanh
V d : Hnh v bn th hin biu trng thi v
s mch iu khin kh nn, iu khin 2 xi lanh A
v B bng phng php iu khin ty ng theo hnh
trnh.

13
Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

3.iu khin ty ng theo thi gian:

C s ca phng php ny l vic iu chnh thi gian tc ng t ca phn t thi gian (timer
delay).

4. iu khin ty ng theo p sut:

K t khi piston A i ra s c tn hiu kh nn kch hot vo ca 12 ca van iu chnh p sut.
Khi p sut kch hot t gi tr cho trc, ti ca 2 ca van ny s c tn hiu tc ng vo pha phi van
o chiu 5/2 iu khin piston rt v

5.iu khin theo tng:

C s ca phng php iu khin theo tng l vic xc nh cc phn t nh hay cn gi l van
o tng (thng dng van 4/2 hoc 5/2) v cc tn hiu kch hot cc phn t ny.
Tng
Mch iu khin c chia thnh n tng s c n 1 ITng
a a II
van o tng. Chng hn theo s hnh 6.11, mch iu
1
khin gm 2 tng s cn 1 van o tng 4/2 vi 2 tn hiu x 2
y
iu khin vo x, y. Nh vy khi tng I c cp ngun th
tng II s b kho v ngc li. S khng tn ti trng thi c
2 tng cng c cp ngun.
Tm li khi thc hin phng php iu khin theo tng, ta tin hnh theo 3 bc:

14
Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

- Bc 1: Thc hin phn tng iu khin

- Bc 2: Xc nh s van o tng, mch n tng cn n 1 van o tng.
- Bc 3: Xc nh cc tn hiu iu khin van o tng v hon chnh s mch.

V d: Dng phng php iu khin theo tng thit

k mch iu khin 2 xi lanh A v B theo chu trnh nu S2
trn
- Bc 1: Thc hin vic phn tng iu khin A S1
nh s . Kt qu c 2 tng:
S4
- Bc 2: Xc nh s van o tng. Mch c s
tng n=2 nn s c s van o tng l n-1=1 nh vy ta B
ch cn 1 van o tng. S3
- Bc 3: Xc nh cc tn hiu iu khin van A+ B+ A- B-
o tng v hon chnh mch iu khin, kt qu nh trn Tng 1 Tng 2
hnh 6.14.

S mch iu khin 2 xi lanh bng kh nn

6. iu khin theo nhp

iu khin theo nhp thc hin theo nguyn tc tun t. Khi cc lnh trong mt nhp thc hin
xong, s thng bo cho nhp tip theo, ng thi s xo lnh nhp thc hin trc .
C s ca phng php iu khin theo nhp l cc khi iu khin (Block). Hnh 6.17 th hin
nguyn l mch logic ca mt chui iu khin theo nhp vi 4 khi (nh s theo th t t 1 n 4)

A1 A2 A3 A4
Zn

S R S R S R S R
Yn 2 3 4 Zn+1
1
Yn+1
& & & &

X1 X2 X3 X4
Trong thc t thng c 2 dng khi iu khin theo nhp: loi k hiu A v loi k hiu B

15
Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

- Loi k hiu A (hnh a): Khi cng Yn c SET (c gi tr L), van o chiu (phn t nh) i
trng thi, tn hiu cng A c gi tr 1, chun b cho nhp tip theo (thng qua phn t AND ca tn hiu
X), v RESET phn t nh ca nhp trc.
- Loi k hiu B (hnh b): loi ny thng t v tr cui cng trong chui iu khin theo
nhp. Khc vi kiu A, kiu B phn t OR ni vi cng Yn. Khi cng L c cp ngun th ton b cc
khi ca chui iu khin (tr khi cui cng) s tr v v tr ban u. Nh vy khi kiu B c chc nng
nh l iu kin chnAb khi ng mch.
A

Y Yn+ Y
n Yn+1
P 1P
P
n
P
Zn Zn+1 Zn Zn+1
L L L L

X a. Khi kiu A X b. Khi kiu B

V d : Lp s mch iu khin kh nn bng phng php iu khin theo nhp i vi thit b
khoan gm 2 xi lanh A v B dn ng bng kh nn, nh nu
- T iu kin cho ta lp c biu trng thi
- T biu trng thi ta lp c qui trnh thc hin cho cc nhp nh sau:
Nhp thc hin: 1 2 3 4
Trng thi piston: A+ B+ B A
V tr hnh trnh: S2 S4 S3 S1
- S mch iu khin nh hnh

V. TNG KT BI [10 pht]

- Phng php iu khin ty ng theo hnh trnh
- Thit k mch K thy ng theo thi gian, ty ng theo p sut.
- Ni dung ca phng php iu khin theo tng v phng php iu khin theo nhp

16
Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

VI.CU HI V BI TP V NH [5 pht]
1) Lp s mch K 1 xi lanh t ng bng kh nn theo hnh trnh.
2) Lp s mch iu khin bng kh nn diu khin 2 xi lanh tc ng kp A v B.

Ngy thng nm 2009

T, mn duyt Ging vin

Trn Cng Hng Ng Vn Cng

17
Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

BI GING S 034 S TIT: 03

I.TN BI GING:
IU KHIN IN- KH NN
TNG QUAN V H THNG THY LC
CC PHN T TRONG H THNG THY LC
II. MC TIU
- Hc vin hiu v lp c biu trng thi hot ng ca mt/hai xi lanh
III. DNG V PHNG TIN GING DY
1- Gio trnh mn hc
2- Ti liu tham kho: H thng iu khin bng kh nn ca Nguyn Ngc Phng
3- My chiu OVERHEAD hoc PROJECTOR
IV. NI DUNG BI GING

18
 Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

5.3. CC PHN T IN & IN-KH NN (25 pht)

5.3.1. Cc phn t in:
a) Nt nhn 3 3
Nt nhn hoc cng tc thuc nhm cc phn t a tn hiu.
Thng thng c 3 dng nt nhn (thng m): nt nhn khng duy
tr (hnh a), nt nhn duy tr (hnh b) v nt nhn chuyn mch (hnh 4
4
c)
b) Rle in t
Trong cc mch iu khin, rle c xem nh phn t x l tn hiu. Trong thc t c nhiu loi
rle khc nhau nh rle ng m mch, rle iu khin, rle thi gian tc ng mun, rle thi gian nh
mun...Hnh di nu hnh dng ngoi, nguyn l hot ng v k hiu loi rle ng m mch.

c) Cng tc hnh trnh

Cng tc hnh trnh in-c
Hnh dng ngoi, nguyn l hot ng v k hiu cng tc hnh trnh in-c th hin hnh di.
Khi con ln chm c hnh trnh th tip im 1 ni vi 4.
a) b)
2 4 1 2 4 2 4

1 1
Cng tc hnh trnh nam chm K hiu

Cng tc hnh trnh nam chm thuc dng cng tc hnh trnh khng tip xc, n ging nh mt
cm bin cm ng t. Nguyn l hot ng c th hin trn hnh di

Nam cham
vnh cu
d) Cm bin
Phn t cm bin s dng kh ph bin trong cc h thng iu khin bng kh nn. Chng c
nhiu c im ni bt: pht hin vt khng cn tip xc; tc p ng nhanh; kch thc nh gn nn
c th lp mi a hnh. c bit c th s dng trong cc mi trng khc nghit (nhit cao, ngm
trong nc)
Trong cc h thng kh nn ta thng gp cc dng cm bin sau:
- Cm bin cm ng t (Inductive sensor)
- Cm bin in dung (Capacitive sensor)
- Cm bin quang (Optical sensor)
Vt cm bin Cm bin cm ng t (Inductive sensor)
Nguyn l hot ng ca mt cm bin cm ng t th hin trn hnh 7.4. Khi tng tc vi vt th
bng kim loi (trong vng ng sc t ca li cm bin), s lm thay i t trng do cun dy ca
sensor to ra. Nng lng bin thin ny qua b so, b khuch i tn hiu ri a n b x l.

Li cm bin

B
Mch khuch
B so T.hiu ra
dao ng i 19
Hnh dng ngoi
Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

Loi cm bin ny ch pht hin cc vt bng kim loi. Loi cm bin ny c s dng kh ph
bin trong cc h thng iu khin t ng. Hnh di trnh by s u dy v ng dng ca cm bin
cm ng t trong vic pht hin du piston.

K hiu & cch ni dy

Pht hin v tr u piston

Cm bin in dung (Capacitive sensor)
Nguyn l hot ng ca cm bin in dung cng tng t nh cm bin cm ng t. im khc
bit c bn l cm bin in dung pht hin vt theo nguyn tc tnh in, tc l s thay i in dung
gia vt cm bin v u sensor. Hnh th hin nguyn l lm vic v hnh dng ngoi ca cm bin in
dung.

Vt cm bin

Hnh dng ngoi

Loi cm bin ny c s dng rt rng ri trong k thut. N c th c dng pht hin cc

vt (kim loi v phi kim loi), o mc nc trong bn, xc nh v tr u piston, sn phm trn bng
ti

Pht hin dung

dch bn trong hp

K hiu & cch ni dy

Cm bin quang (Optical sensor)
Nguyn l hot ng ca cm bin quang c th hin trn hnh 7.8a. N gm 2 b phn: b phn
pht v b phn thu. B phn pht pht i tia hng ngoi thng qua mt diode pht quang. Khi gp vt
chn tia hng ngoi s phn hi v b phn thu. Lng nh sng nhn v s c chuyn t l thnh tn
hiu in p (hoc dng in), sensor xut tn hiu ra bo c vt nu mc in p ln hn mc ngng
LED in p
u pht
AMP
OK
th
Vt

Mc
ngng
NG

AMP
u thu Cng sng

Photo-transistor 20
Bai giang ly thuyet Mon hoc: CONG NGHE CAD/CAM

a) Nguyn l hot ng b) Biu so snh in p

5.3.2. Van in t (van tc ng bng nam chm in):
Tng t cc loi van tc ng bng kh nn, van tc ng bng
nam chm in cng c cc loi tng t nh van 3/2, 4/2, 5/2 Trn
cc s mch kh nn, mi loi van in t u c k hiu ring tng
t nh van tc ng bng kh nn, nhng trn s mch in iu K hiu van in t
khin chng u c mt k hiu chung nh hnh v bn trn s in
a) Van 2/2 tc ng trc tip bng nam chm in:
2
Loi van ny thng c dng nh mt nt ng/m cc mch kh
nn. Cu to v k hiu ca n c th hin trn hnh v bn
b) Van o chiu iu khin gin tip bng nam chm in v kh nn qua van ph tr:
1
5.4. THIT K MCH IU KHIN IN - KH NN (35 pht)
5.4.1. Nguyn tc biu din s mch:
H thng s mch iu khin in - kh nn bao gm 2 s :
-S mch kh nn.
-S mch in iu khin.
5.4.2. Mch iu khin 1 xi lanh bng in-kh nn
Mch iu khin mt xi lanh t ng bng in - kh nn 2 cng tc hnh trnh in - c S1, S2
v mt van in t 5/2 tc ng t 2 pha. Ta c th s dng mt hoc hai /hoc 1 rle cho mach iu
khin ny.
a) Mch s dng van hai pha :
b) Mch s dng van mt pha :

21