Iq I IY-Ifn

ae-bm-f-nse {]apJ k-hn-m-\-tImiw t]mepw C-

Sp-p "In-bq-cn'\pw A-Isebp KpP-dm-nse "Ive'bvpw
CS-bn ad-n-pt]mb Hcp sImp-tZ-i-\m-a-amWv Iq.
Fm e-- alm-y-m-es--nepw B {Kma-ns t]cn\v AtX
hnm-\-tIm-i-n ]e-X-hW m\w e`n-n-p-apv. AXm-Is
tIcfw ad-p, Fm tIc-fs adp-\m-SpI-fn Hmn-n-p
hniz-I-e-bmb IY-I-fn-bpsS t]cn-sbpw! Cu Hcp sshcpyw
Iqcns Ncn-{X-n-ep-S-\ofw hym]n-p-In-S-p--Xmbn
\n]p-W-t\-{X-p ImWmw. Imbw- Ip-f-ns D]-{Km-a-amb
I -q ImWm Ie-I C. Fnepw aspw A[nIw ImWm-Xn-
cp Ie-bmb IY-Ifn ChnsS ]p-Xs Gsd ImW-s-p FXv Hcp
hnkvab IuXp-I-am-hp-tm lcn-mSv kp{_--Wy-kzm-an-
t-{X-nse hn{Klw Is-nb Ducv Fp am{X-a (I + \ +
Ducv) sX Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn BZys Ifn-tbmKw I ew
Fpw Cu {Kma-\m-a-\n-jv]-n-bn Hc-\p- am\w Iqn-
tmw.
IY-IfncwKv I-q-cns ]mc-cyw Gsd {]ap-Jhpw
{]ma-mWn-I-hp-am-Wv. asmcp taJ-e-bn Cu \mSn\v C{X
k--amb Hcp ss]XrIw Ah-Im-i-s-Sm-\m-hptam Fpw kwi-
b-am-Wv. ChnsSbpm-bn-p F-s Iem-Im-c-mcpw
{]m-\-fpw Gdn-b-Iqdpw IY-I-fntbmSp _-s-n-cn-p-p
Fv Ncn-{X-{K-- kmy-s-Sp-p-p. tIc-f-n kn\na
hym]-I-am-IpXphsc Ghpw {]Nm-chpw {]m_-eyhpw
knn-n-cp Iem-cq-]- \mS-Ihpw IY-Ifnbpam-bn-cp--
tm. Fm Ign \qm-ns Bcw`w apX tIcfw apgp-h I-q-
cn\p {]ikvXnt\Sn-sm-Sp-n-cp-Xv IY-I-fnbpw IY-I-fn-tbm-
K--fp-am-bncp-p. AXn {]ap-J-m\w hln-n-cp Hcp
{]m-\-am-bn-cpp I-q-cnse {]ikvX Xd-hm-Smb tXmn
IpSpw-_-n 1835 tIf tKmhn- F Imc-W-h m]n-
tXmn Ifn-tbmKw. Cv AJn-e-tem-I- {]-i-XkvXambn-cnp
tIcfI-em-a-ew m]n-X-am-Ip--Xn\v Hcp \qm-tmfw
ap]m-bn-cp-p Cu kw`hw FtmWw!! Xncp-hn-Xm-Iq-
dnse {]K--cmb ]e \S-m-cp-sSbpw Cun--am-bn-cpp
Cu Ifn-tbmKw. IY-Ifn ]e {]mhiyw Iv B Ie-tbm-Spmb A`n-\n-
th-ihpw AXns t]mj-W-n-\p-thn Fs-nepw sN-W-sa-p
I-hy- t_m-[-hp-amWv tXmn Imc-W-hsc CXns m]-\-
n\p t{]cn-n-Xv. Idp- A- ]n Fsmcp \S-\m-bn-cpp
AXnse BZys Bim. Bcw-`-n Xs Ifn-tbm-K-tm-sSmv
Hcp If-cnbpw m]n-s-p. If-cn-bn A`y-kn-p Ipn--c-
mv IfntbmK-n {]hnv ]cn-Nbw t\Sp --Xn-\p
k`hpw CXp aqeapmbn. tXmn IpSpw-_-nse _me-
mcpw ]nm-ev If-cn-bn I-sIn A`y-kn-p-hm XpS-
n. ]noSv Aym-]-\-n\v Xncp-h-m- ip-n--sb-qSn \nb-
an-p. Nne {]tXyI BZy-m-\- th-j- ]cn-io-en-n-p-
hm-\mbn In-bq ]p-]n--sbbpw Ifn-tbm-K-n-te-bvp
Wn-p. AtXmsS tXmn Ifn-tbm-K-n\v \ {]Nm-chpw
e`n-pXpS-n. amth-en-c XpSn ]-\m-`-]pcw hsc-bp
e--fn IfnkLw bm{X sNbvXp ]cn-]m-Sn-I Ah-X-cn-np
hp. ]nmev {]kn \S-m-cmbno Ipa-cIw Ipp-]n,
sImp \oe-I-WvT-n, XIgntIi-h--Wn- XpSn ]ecpw Cu
tbmK-nse BNm-cy-mcpw BZy m\m-cp-ambn {]hn-
n-pv. sX Nn-bnse apJy BNm-cyam-cm-bn-cp amq
Ipp-]n ]Wn- Kpcp sN-q cma]n XpS-nb {]K \S-
mcpw ]me-mp tIi-h-ta-t\m XpS-nb Kmb-Icpw tXmn
Ifn-tbm-K-nse AwK--fmbn {]hn-n-p-v. Hcp \qm-t-
mfw Cu m]\w kvXpXy-l-am-b-hn[w tkh-\-a\p-jvTn-p.
Fm CtXm-sSmw tIc-f-en-JnX Ncn-{X-nsbpw IY-Ifn
Ncn-{X-Im-camcpsSbpw InsSmtXm ImInepw
ImWmsX t]mbtXm Bb Hcp IYbpw Cu I-q-cnse IY-I-fn-bvp-
v. sX Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse BZys IY-Ifn hnZym-ebw DS-
se-Sp-Xv Cu \mn-emWv F AXn-{]-[m-\-amb Hcp hkvXp-
X-bpsS IY-bm-WXv. Ncn-{X- ad-p-t]mb B kXyw ASp--
Im-ev IrjvW-]pcw km-cXmanj hnI-k\tI{w Xbm-dm-nb ]
mc---cy-]-T\ dntmv ]pdp sImp-h-cn-I-bp-mbn. ]
sm]Xmw \qm-nse {]K kwkvIrX ]n-X\pw _lp-apJ {]Xn-
`m-im-en-bp-am-bn-cp ampfw tIi-h \q-Xncn I-q
{Kma-n ]pXn-b-hnf apdnbnep Xs Cs Ipf-p-c-bn
Hcp IY-I-fn-Ifcn \S-n-bn-cp-spw AXp tXmn IfntbmKw
DS-se-Sp-pXn\pw, ap]mbn-cpp Fpw {]kvXpX
dntmv hy-am-p-p. kz-ambn Hcp Ifn-tbm-Khpw
Atlw \S-n-bn-cp--Xmbpw tIc-f-ns ]e `mK--fnepw Ifn-
I Ac-t-dn-bn-cp--Xmbpw sXfn-hp-I-fpv. \mev]Xp hb-
ns AIm-e-n A-cn At-l-ns al\o-b-kw-`m-h-\-I
temIw Xma-kn-bmsX adp t]mbn. Fm B \jvSw Xop-
hm hn[n \ntbm-K-sa-tmWw At-l-ns aI-\mbn IY-Ifn
Ncn-{X-n Hcn-epw ad-m-\m-hm-- Hcp kphm[ymb
cN-bn-Xm-hmbn ampfw hnjvWp \q-Xn-cn-sb- hn{ip-X-
I-em-Im-c Cu \mn DZn-p-bp. A.D 1910 HmKv 15
(1085 ISIw 31 Xrt-)\v P\n Atlw ]nXm-hns ]
\npw IY-I-fn-bpsS _me-]m-T- ]Tntijw 12mw hb-n
Iocn-mSv i-c-nbmims in-W-n ]T\w XpSp. A\-cw
Am-es {]apJ \S-m-cn \nsmw IqSp-X Adn-hp-t\Sn.
BZy-Im-e--fn kv{Xoth-j--fm-bn-cpp ampfw
hnjvWp \q-Xncn sIn-bn-cp-sXnepw ]noSv Nph
XmSnsbmgnsI Fm thj-fpw A\m-bmkw Ah-X-cn-n-p-hm
At-l-n\p Ign-p. Fnepw IrjvW-th-j-n-emWv Atlw Gsd
JymXn-t\-Sn-b-Xv. 110- hen-b-sIm-mcw \S-\mbn sXc-
s-Sp--s ampfw ZoL-Imew AhnsS Hmw t{KUv
\S-\mbn tkh-\-a-\pjvTn-p. `mc-X-nse hnhn[ tI{-p ]
pdta Ata-cn, {_n, C{k-tb, knwK-q, kntem XpS-
nb ]e--e--fnepw ]cy-S\w \S-nb At-l-n\v tI{-kw-Ko-
X-\m-SI Am-Zan AhmUv, Iem-cXv\w AhmUv XpSn
At\Iw ]pc-kvIm-c-fpw ap {][m-\-a{n Phem s\lvdp,
Cn-cm-Km-n, Fkv.-sI. ]mn, Imq-Wnv i XpS-nb
{]apJ hyn-I-fn \np {]iw-km-]-{X-fpw e`n-n-p-v. \S-\-
nse ]e-X-e--fn ampfw hnjvWp \q-Xn-cn-bvsm-tam
AXn-te-sdtbm anI-hp IY-Ifn \S-m Dm-bn-p-v.
FmAhn-m cp khn-ti-jX-I amp-f-n-\p-m-bn-cp-p.
AXn-em-Zy-tXv kmln-Xy-I-e-tbm-Sp \nXym-Z-c-hm-bn-
cp-p. hn]p-e-amb {K ]mcm-b-W-n-eqsS Bn Adn-
hns\ k`m-\p-k-cWw CW-n-tv IY-I-fnsb Ihn-X-bpsS
DZm--X-e-n-te-p-bn Bg-ap Hc-\p-`-h-
amnopXn Bpw aosX-bm-bn-cpp ampfw. c-
maXmbn, ap \S-m IY-I-fn-sImp Pohn--tm ampfw IY-I-
fn-bvp -thn Pohn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtX-p-dnv IY-Ifn
hnm-\-tIm-i-Imc-\mb {io Abva\w IrjvW ssIa Cs\ ]d-bp-
p. ""IY-I-fn-bpsS \ne-\nn--s\bpw A`n-hr-n-sbbpw ey-
amn 1960- ampfw At- l-ns Cv Hcp hnZym-ebw
m]n-p. B m]\w "ka-kvX-tI-cf IY-Ifn hnZym-ebw' F
t]cn {]ikvXnbmn-p. Av B m]-\-tmSp tNv Hcp
IY-Ifn pw {]hn-n-cp-p. If-cn-tbmSp tNpff AXn-hn-
im-e-amb HmUn-tm-dn-b-n amkw-tXmdpw IYIfn-tbm-
sSmw Nm kt-f-\-, s]mXp- k-t-f-\-, a-c--co--
I ]pXnb IY-I-fpsS Ah-X-cWw XpS-nb t{]mm-l\]c--fmb ]e
]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw \S-p-sIm-n-cp-p. {]kvXpX ]cn-]m-Sn-I-
fn tI{-a-{n-am-cpssSbp ]e hninjvS hyn-Ifpw kw_-
n-m-dpv. tIc-f-kw-Ko-X-\m-SI Am-Z-an-bn \np ]cn-
an-X-amb [\klm-b-a-msX B m]-\ns al-Xz-n\p tbmPn
bmsXmcp [\-k-lm-bhpw A[n-Im-cn-I-fn \np e`n-n-cp-n-
.....-"Z-nWIemaew' Fp hnti-jn-n-- {]kn-n-t\-Snb B
m]-\-n \npw amp-fns injy-amcmbn ]e \
\Samcpw shfn-bn hn-pv... IY-IfnbpsS hS- (Ip-hgn)
k{-Zm-b-n\v Iema-e-saXp t]mse sX k{-Zm-b-ns
t]mj-W-n-\p-X-Ip Hcp Iem-tI-{-ambn hfn-sb-Sp--Wsa-
p Dt-iy-n-emWv ampfw Xs hnZym-eb {]h\w ]
ptcmK-an-n--Xv. F-m B eyw ]q-ambn km[n-m
At-l-n\p Ignn-. amp-f-ns hnZym-ebw ]noSv Xncp-
h-\--]p-cv "amn' IY-Ifn tI{- ambn cq]m--c-sp.''
1981 G{]n 19 \v At-l-ns \ncym-W-tmsS I-q-
cnse Ifnhnf-p-I-fn hep-sXmw AWp Xop Fp ]d-bmw.
ampfw I-q IY-I-fn-bpsS \Sp-\m-bI Zo]-am-Ip-tm
AXn-\pappw ]np-ap-mb kw{I-a-Zo-]--sfbpw A\p-kva-
cn-t-Xv AXy-m-t]-n-X-a-t{X. Iocn-mSv sImp thep-
nbmWv CXn {]mXxkvac-Wo-b. I-q ]n-b-n
hon 1882 Ctlw {]kn sh-mSn thj-m-c-\m-bn-cp
henb \oe-I-WvT-n--bpsS aI-\mbn P\n-p. BZyw Iocn-
bvmp \mWp]n-bp-sS-bp-w ]noSv tIi-h--Wn--cp-
tSbpw Iogn Ifn-b-`ymkw sNbvXp. A\-cw sImp-th-ep-
amq Ipp-]n---Wn- -cpsS Ifn-tbm-K-n BZy-h-
km-\hpw sIn-cw-K-]-cn-Nbw t\Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
""thj-`w-Kn-sIm-pw P-kn--amb hmk-\-sImpw A\pKr-lo-
X-\m-bn-cp sImp thep-n sNdp--n Xs {]kn--\mbn.
C{Xbpw P\-k-Xn e`n asmcp \S ay Xncp-hnXmwIqdn-
ep-m-bn-nsp ]dbmw. ]b-vpw Inpw Hcp t]mse
`wKn-bp-m-bn-cp- At-l-ns {]kn--th-j- "_I-h['n
`oa, "Ime-tI-b-h['n APPp-\, "D--cm-kz-bw-h-c-nse'
_rl-f, "\f- N-cn-X-nse' \-f, _mlp-I, "hnPb'n cmh-W,
IoN-I Fn-h--bmWv.
At-l-ns sh-m-Snbpw AXn-hn-ti-j-am-bn-cp-p. Fm
an\p-p-th-j-fpwAtlw \n]p-W-ambpw `wKn-bmbpw \n-
ln-n-cp-p. Fm At-l-ns thj--fn G-hpw {]kn-n-
bp-m-bn-cp-Xv _mlp-I\pw IoN-I-\p-amWv. km tXmw
ic \q-Xn-cn-sb-tmepw thep-n km[m-c-W-bn-ep-tasd
XmW-Im-en BSn oWn-n--Xmbn Hcp IY-bpv. AXn\p th-
Xmb sapw Xmfn-Xnbpw At-l-n\pmbn-cp--p. Ins
KpWhpw {]kvXm-hy-am-Wv. hnI-knp hep-Xmb B ZrjvSn-I-
fn ck- \ncm-bmkw sXfnbpw.... {io sImpthep-n A.D
1938 Nn-amkw 19mw XobXn ]c-tem-I-{]-m]vX-\mbn.
A_p-Z-tcm-K-]o-Ubm At-l-ns Ay-Z-i-t-i-]q-am-
bn-cp-p. sImpthep-n--bpsS A\p-Pmcpw Hn--`y-kn-
-h-cp-amb cp \S-m-cpv. 1884 P\n Ip ]nbpw, 85
P\n \mcm-b-W-]n-bpw.'' Ch-sc-q-SmsX Iocn-mSv
\mcm-b-W-]n, Iocn-bvmSv thep-n, sagph\ i-c-n,
Iocn-bvmSv IrjvW XpS-n-b-h-cpsS \ma-kq-N-\tbm eLp-N-
cn-{Xp-dntm "IY-Ifn hnm\ tImi' n ImWp-p-s-nepw
Ah-cpsS IrXyP-\-\--ew, Pohn-Xw, kw`m-h-\-I Fn-h-sb-
n hni-Zmw-i- e`y-a-m--Xn-\m I-q-cns ]cn-t{]-
yn Ah-sc--n-bp IqSp-X hnh-cWw Hgn-hm-p-p.