Nagle College

Physics Unit 1 Experiment # 11 Year 11

marks /25
1. Topic. Boiling water with an Electrical Kettle
2. Aim. To find the energy, output power and cost of a kettle to boil some water.
3. Apparatus
i Electrical kettle
ii Thermometer
iii Kitchen scale
iv Stop watch
4. Data (3)
Mass of empty kettle =
Mass of kettle and cold water =
Mass of water, m =
Temperature of cold water =
Specific heat capacity of water C = 4200 J kg-1 0C-l
Power (Pinput) of the electric kettle = ? W (It is on the kettle)
Initial time (ti )= 0 sec.
Time (tf) when water boil = and t = tf- ti
Final temperature of boiling water =

5. Questions
i. How much energy used in term of kWh during the time of boiling? (2)
ii. If the cost for electricity = $ 0.26 /kWh, how much you have to pay for boiling the water if the
power (Pinput) of the kettle is 1700W? (2)
iii. How much current will pass through the heating element if the kettle's power is 1700W? (2)
iv. What is the resistance of the heating element of the kettle if the kettle's power is 1700W? (2)
v. How much energy (Ein) input in term of Joules? (2)
vi. How much energy gained (Eg) by the water? Eg = mCT (2)
vii. What is the output power (Poutput ) of the kettle? If Poutput = Eg /t (2)
viii. How much energy waste and how or where has this energy gone if the actual power of the kettle
is 1700W? (in Joule) (2)
ix. What is the efficiency () of the kettle of boiling the water if the kettle's power (Pinput) is 1700W?
if = P output / Pinput (2)
6. Error discussion and conclusion. (4)
 Physics Unit 1 Experiment # 3b Year 11
Measuring Current and Voltage simultaneously
l. Topic: Temperature and metal resistor (filament of a Light bulb).
2. Aim: To investigate the relation of temperature of a light bulb and its resistance.
3. Apparatus: light bulb, multimeter, battery holder, batteries, ammeter, voltmeter and wires.

4. Method:
i. Measure the resistance of a light bulb directly with a multimeter.
ii. Set up the circuit as shown
iii. Get the readings from the voltmeter and ammeter and put it down in the table.
iv. Hooked up the circuit as shown below and change the voltage input. Use Ohm's Law to find the
resistance of the light bulb with different voltage input.

R1 V

5. Data.
Battery (V) Voltmeter (V) Ammeter (A) Resistance ()
Off (Cool) 0 NA NA
1.5 (Hot)
3 (Hotter)
4.5 (Even hotter)
6 (Very hot)

6. Discussion:
i. We do not measure the temperature of the light bulb directly, how do we know there is a
temperature change?
7. Conclusion

Electricity Data analysis: Ohm's Law

Marks /18
The following table shows how the current flows through a light bulb. It varies with the voltage
difference that is applied across its ends.
PD (V) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Current (A) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0

Problems
i. Use the graph paper at the back page to plot a graph of p.d. against current with the data above.
(5)
ii. Mark on the graph with point X such that beyond which Ohm's Law is no longer obeyed. (1)
iii. What is the slope of the graph within point X. (2)
iv. What is the physical meaning of the slope of the graph in this experiment which relates to the
light bulb? (2)
iv. If we call the section of the graph within point X Ohmic section, what will we call the section
beyond X? (1)
v. Find the resistance of the light bulb when
a. Its current is 0.4A. (2)
b. Its current is 1.0 A (2)
vi. Explain the results of (a) and (b). What caused the difference and why? (3)