The common belief of some linguists that each language is a perfect vehicle for the

thoughts of the nation speaking it is in some ways, the exact counterpart of the conviction of
the Manchester school of economics that supply and demand will regulate everything for the
best. Just as economists were blind to the numerous cases in which the law of supply and
demand left actual wants unsatisfied, so also many linguists are deaf to those instances in which
the very nature of a language calls forth misunderstandings in everyday conversation, and in
which, consequently, a word has to be modified or defined in order to present the idea intended
by the speaker: "He took his stickno, not John's, but his own." No language is perfect, and if
we admit this truth, we must also admit that it is not unreasonable to investigate the relative
merits of different languages or of different details in languages.

The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) analyze an interesting feature of the English language

(B) refute a belief held by some linguists

(C) show that economic theory is relevant to linguistic study

(D) illustrate the confusion that can result from the improper use of language

(E) suggest a way in which languages can be made more nearly perfect

Which of the following contributes to the misunderstanding described by the author in lines "He
took his stickno, not John's, but his own."?

(A) It is unclear whom the speaker of the sentence is addressing.

(B) It is unclear to whom the word "his" refers the first time it is used.

(C) It is unclear to whom the word "his" refers the second time it is used.

(D) The meaning of "took" is ambiguous.

(E) It is unclear to whom "He" refers.

 A couple of decades ago, communicable diseases were the bane of society, particularly in the
developing countries. But today, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and
diabetes have taken their place in the developed as well as developing countries. A more
sedentary lifestyle and consumption of calorie-rich food are largely to be blamed for these
diseases becoming widely prevalent. Already, half of all adults and a fifth of children in the
European region have been found overweight and one third of these people are categorized as
obese. In a radical departure from solely blaming the people for choosing such self-destructive
behavior, the European Charter on Counteracting Obesity (ECCO) signed recently by 53 member
States wants all stakeholders including governments to play an active role in reversing the trend.
By specifying that "reduction of fat, free sugar and salt in manufactured products" is needed to
fight obesity, the charter has placed equal responsibility on the producers. It has spoken
strongly against the practice of exploiting children by "commercial activities" and setting the
stage for an unhealthy consumption pattern in life.

Several studies have shown that the number of children and adults becoming overweight and
obese is on the rise in India, where the number of diabetics is the highest in the world and the
number of deaths every year due to heart disorders is expected to touch two million by 2010.
This, while the communicable diseases are still prevalent, leads to a double whammy. The
national program for prevention of non-communicable diseases launched by the Government of
India to reverse the disturbing trend has come not a day too soon. What is particularly worrying
is that consuming junk food is coming to be regarded as a lifestyle statement. A sustained
campaign is required to educate people particularly children on the risks of consuming junk
food.

Which of the following summarizes the author's views in the passage?

A. Government of India has made considerable progress in eliminating diabetes among its young
population by implementing the directives of ECCO effectively

B. With the incidence of non-communicable diseases on a rise the time is ripe for an all
encompassing sustained campaign which would bring together all the stake-holders (consumers,
producers and the government) to educate the people on the risks of taking junk food

C. The more sedentary lifestyle has led to an increase in the incidence of communicable diseases,

D. There is a sudden increase in non-communicable diseases in the developing countries which are
already plagued by communicable diseases.

E. In recent times there has been a rapid incidence of non-communicable diseases due to the
increasing marketing campaigns aimed at the younger generation.
 Which of the following has been stressed on by the ECCO?( Multiple answers)

a) Sharing of liabilities by different stake-holders.

b) Increased emphasis on marketing and publicity ethics.

c) Offering tax incentives to products which have less fat, sugar and salt.
Traveling to other countries for health reasons is becoming popular around the world. This
modern day phenomenon, known as medical tourism became viable due to globalization and
the number of medical tourists is steadily growing for the past seven years. Consequently, the
global medical tourism industry is also growing at an annual rate of about 15 %. This impressive
growth is mainly driven by the developing nations, motivated by the immense business
opportunities that it provides. Major players in the global market include , Thailand, Costa Rica,
Hungary, and Poland. With sophisticated medical technology, and right human resources, each
of these countries is competing for its share of the $ 40 billion medical tourism market. Several
other countries are encouraging different forms of health care tourism to cash in on the
industry's rapid growth. In this arena, India is a new entrant, yet it is considered to be an
important player in the global health care tourism industry.

In the present global scenario, India has several competitive advantages over other countries.
The competitive pricing of the medical services, in India, is the most important feature that
many patients find attractive. The cost of world - class health care services with the same
technology and equally competent specialists in many other countries in the world would be
comparatively too expensive. Medical expenses for most forms of ailments in United States and
Britain is said to be at least ten times more expensive than in India. In addition to this, India also
enjoys a strong reputation in various advanced health care services. Excellent infrastructure and
the availability of highly skilled personnel makes India a favored medical tourism destination.
Indian medical education produces 30,000 doctors and nurses, adding to the already existing
pool of over 14 lakh health care personnel in the country. This supports the industry constantly.
India is viewed by others as the centre for holistic medicinal services. Unlike most other
countries, India provides health care tourists with multiple choices of alternate forms of
medicine. Traditional therapeutic forms and health care practices such as ayurveda and yoga is
already famous and attracts large number of patients looking for non-surgical cure to various
ailments. Being one of the few places in the world to offer almost all kinds of geographical,
cultural and historical diversity, India's fame as an important destination for leisure tourism
helps it reassert its position in medical tourism as well. These factors have not only led India to
emerge as a key player in the global market, but also increase the popularity of health care
tourism in the country.

Exceptional hospitality and high quality of service are key features that mark all the Indian
institutes involved in medical tourism. Many of these hospitals and institutions that attract the
most number of medical tourists to the country specialize in alternative medicine, bone-marrow
transplant, cardiac surgery, eye surgery and orthopedic surgery. Institutes catering to health
tourists are spread across the country. However, medical tourism is concentrated in the cities,
New Delhi, Mangalore, Mumbai and Chennai. Of these, the south Indian city of Chennai attracts
45% of health tourists from abroad and is called India's Health Capital.~n Medical tourism
promises to be a major contributor to the Indian economy. Estimates say that by 2012, medical
tourism in India will produce $2 billion a year. The annual growth rate of 30 %makes the analysts
 predict that by 2015, health care tourism will grow into a Rs. 9,500-crore industry. Support from
the government in the form of favourable legislations is necessary to boost the growth of the
industry further. A proper regulatory framework for hospitals, adequate investments in health
infrastructure, introduction of uniform pricing policies across hospitals, are a few things
required to India withstand the competition and remain as one of the global leaders in medical
tourism.

Which of the following act as an advantage for India over other countries when it comes to
medical tourism?( Multiple answers)

a) The competitive pricing of the medical services.

b) Traditional therapeutic forms and health care practices.

c) Increase in annual growth