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My Korean 1 3rd Edition PDF
My Korean 1 3rd Edition PDF
Korean
1
Third Edition
Young A Cho
In Jung Cho
Douglas Ling
To our parents
This book and its accompanying audio files are licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.5 Australia License.
This book and its accompanying audio files are available online at
http://talkingtokoreans.com
UNIT 1 ? 1
Situation Dialogue 1 3
Greetings 5
Introducing Yourself 7
Introducing Others 8
+{ i-e-yo /ye-yo } am; are; is 9
Situation Dialogue 2 13
Korean Names 14
Addressing People at the Office: Titles 16
Addressing Peers at School: seonbae and hubae 18
Addressing Unknown People at the Shops 19
Situation Dialogue 3 23
Saying Goodbye 24
Greetings, Thanks and Other Expressions 27
UNIT 2 31
Aspirated Consonants 39
Writing Syllables 46
Tensed Consonants 49
i
Pronouncing Final Consonants 51
Combined Vowels 53
Sound Shifts 58
Classroom Expressions 66
24 Basic Consonants and Vowels (Table) 69
Expanded Consonants and Vowels (Table) 70
UNIT 3 ? 73
Situation Dialogue 3 89
Negative Questions 90
Spaces Between Words 91
UNIT 4 ? 95
()? as a Greeting 99
ii
Coming & Going: (), (), () 112
UNIT 5 ? 115
What 127
UNIT 6 ? 155
iii
Vocabulary: Question Words 161
Vocabulary: Study 161
UNIT 7 ? 191
UNIT 8 225
iv
Counting Nouns 242
Situation Dialogue 3 251
Restaurant Related Expressions 255
Pure Korean Numbers 256
Noun +, +{}, +{/} and 262
UNIT 9 ? 265
UNIT 10 ? 313
v
Education System in Korea 320
Situation Dialogue 2 323
Vocabulary: Faculties and Departments 326
Word Contractions 328
Situation Dialogue 3 331
Vocabulary: Family 334
APPENDIX
Notes for Verb and Adjective Tables 374
Special Conjugation Rules of Verb and Adjective 376
Appendix 1: Copular be 378
Appendix 2: Verb Present Tense Endings 380
Appendix 3: Verb Past Tense Endings 384
Appendix 4: Verb Future Tense Endings 388
Appendix 5: Verbs with 392
+{/}?; +{/}, +{}?,
+{}?; +{/}, +
Appendix 6: Verbs with +; + 396
Appendix 7: Verbs with 398
+, +(/), +{/}
Appendix 8: Verbs with 400
+, +(/), +{/}
vi
Appendix 9: Casual Verb Endings 402
+(/), +(/), +{/} ;
+{/}?; +{/}; +{/}
Appendix 10: Adjective Present Tense Endings 406
Appendix 11: Adjective Past Tense Endings 414
Appendix 12: Adjective Future Tense Endings 422
Appendix 13: Adjectives with +; + 430
Appendix 14: Adjectives with 434
+{/}, +(/) & +{/}
Appendix 15: Adjectives with 438
+, +(/) & +{/}
Appendix 16: Casual Adjective Endings 442
+(/), +(/), +{/}
Appendix 17: Particles and Suffixes 446
Appendix 18: Korean Editing Symbols and Handwriting Sheet 448
vii
Preface (the first and second edition)
viii
We have changed all the situation dialogues to make them more
authentic. In particular, we have broken away from the conventional method
of using mainly polite styles of speech throughout the entire book, because
this method tends to create highly unauthentic situations. For example, this
method created a very unlikely situation where two close friends used the
polite style of speech to each other. Therefore, we have used different styles
of speech which are appropriate to each situation, resulting in the use of close
friend style of speech in most cases. This style of speech is also more
appropriate for our students because they can immediately use it when they
talk to one another or when they talk to their Korean friends.
Another major change is the use of comics for every situation
dialogue to provide more extra-linguistic cues. When we communicate, we
use all kind of extra-linguistic cues available to make sense out of each
others speech. However, text-only dialogues lack these extra-linguistic cues
and make a students job of making sense out of an already foreign language a
lot harder. In order to solve this problem, we have used comics alongside the
recording of each situation dialogue, turning the dialogue multimodal and as
close as to that of a real situation. This multimodal dialogue allows learners
make meaning by using a crucial combination of words, graphics and sound.
Now, we should like to thank all those who have contributed in
different ways to this book:
To the Korea Foundation for the 2008 grant which made it possible to
include the comics for the situation dialogues and gave us the last push
into finishing this book;
To Ju Han Lee from Yeundoo Studio in Korea (http://yeundoo.com) for
the front cover design and the comics for the situation dialogues, and
Lae-Young Lee for her assistance with comic storyboard descriptions;
To Hye-Jung Kim for most of the illustrations other than the situation
dialogue comics;
ix
To Joel Atkinson, Erin Fitzgerald, Stephen Gartlan and Vicky Ryan for
formatting and editing;
To Youngsam Moon for providing invaluable information about
contemporary Korean expressions used by young people and for various
administrative works including organising a recording party and taking
part in it himself;
To Jihee Jung, Youngsun Hwang, Seongin Choi, Moon Chung and
Seonghwan Ahn for volunteering to do the recording;
To all the past and current students for their valuable feedback and
insights which they have let us gain through the collaborative exploration
of learning the language;
To Jung Sim Kim, Korean studies subject librarian at Monash University
for her hard work in building up the great Korean collection which was
invaluable in writing this book;
To our colleagues at the School of Languages, Cultures and Linguistics at
Monash University, in particular, Robert Irving, Bruce Jacobs, Helen
Marriott, Gloria Davies and Alison Tokita for their support and
encouragement;
And last but not least to our good friends, Lendriani and Nigel Thursfield,
Vicky and William Quek, Janet and Jim Murray, and Douglas and Helena
Ling for their love and support.
Following our open access policy, this book and its accompanying
audio files are licensed under the Creative Commons
Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.5 Australia License in the hope
that this book will make a small contribution to the development of Korean
language education throughout the world. As one of Less Commonly Taught
Languages, Korean still suffers from a dearth of learning materials. Korean
teachers often have to design their courses and develop learning materials that
suit their students on top of their normal teaching duties, let alone their fight
to keep the Korean program alive. We have met many marvelous teachers
x
over the years and they have been our inspiration. We hope this book will
help those teachers in their efforts of creating a better learning environment
for their students.
xi
Preface (the third edition)
Since the second edition of this textbook was released four years ago, in 2011,
we have come to gain more insight into the teaching and learning of the
Korean language. This would not have been possible without the constructive
comments and feedback provided by our students over the years. We are also
thankful to our teaching staff, Danbee Kim, Hye-yun Bae and Jaekyung Roh
for their dedication to teaching and for their valuable feedback. In particular,
we would like to make a special mention of Danbee Kim, who has made a
significant contribution to this second edition, by assisting with improved
grammar explanations and better English translation, amongst many other
things.
We hope you find the revisions and improvements contained in this second
edition to be helpful for your teaching or learning of the Korean language.
xii
To the teacher and the learner
This book is primarily written for a Korean language university course for
beginners, but it may be used in other settings including self-study. The
guidelines, therefore, are focused on teaching or learning in a university
setting, but we suggest that all the users of the book read them regardless of
whether you are a teacher or a student enrolled in a course or you are using it
on your own for independent study.
Objectives
This book is an introduction to contemporary Korean, with special emphasis
on spoken usage for everyday situations. It introduces learners to the Korean
alphabet and everyday situations in Korean culture to help them acquire
survival Korean.
Basic Approach
Our experiences of teaching Korean for more than two decades and the
results of language learning research tell us that a good foundation of
language structures is essential for learners to be successful. This book,
therefore, concentrates on giving learners a good working knowledge of the
basic structure and grammar of the Korean language with a limited number of
vocabulary items that are frequently used in everyday situations. Once they
acquire this knowledge, they can expand their vocabulary quite easily on their
own as need arises. This approach can also maximise small contact hours
(usually four to five hours a week) available in many university settings.
xiii
explanations and various tasks such as role plays, listening, writing and
reading.
The first two units are essentially about some Korean sounds and the
Korean alphabet. Unit One presents usual greetings and introductions
through which learners familiarize themselves with the sounds of the Korean
language. Unit Two deals with the Korean alphabet and is the only unit
without any situation dialogues. Once the students learn the Korean
alphabetic symbols and how these are put together to create meaningful
sounds, they should be able to improve their skills of reading aloud Korean
writing over the course of the rest of the book.
Unit Three and Four introduce the basic Korean sentence structure,
which is in the order of Subject-Object-Verb, compared to the English order
of Subject-Verb-Object. You should not try to understand all of the
expressions in the situation dialogues in Unit Three. We have tried to make
the situation dialogues as natural as possible and this has resulted in the
inclusion of a few expressions that are a bit challenging at this early stage of
learning.
Unit Five is a crucial one which deals with verb conjugations for the
first time. It shows how to attach present tense endings to verb stems, which
are one of many to follow. It is, therefore, vital that students fully grasp this
grammar point.
Unit Six deals with how to make simple suggestions and also
introduces pure Korean numbers one to twelve in the form of telling the time.
This is done deliberately to prepare the learners for the counting nouns to be
introduced in Unit Eight, and also to expose them to the forms of pure Korean
numbers one to four used in conjunction with counting nouns before they
learn the full forms of these numbers.
Unit Seven deals with the past tense verb endings. Once the students
learn these, they can virtually talk about the events of all three tenses, that is,
past, present and future time because the present tense endings in Korean can
be used for many future events as well. Unit Eight and Nine are essentially
xiv
about buying things that involves the learning of pure Korean numbers and
Sino-Korean numbers. Unit Ten presents how to talk about yourself and your
family.
There are eighteen appendices. Appendices One to Sixteen have verb
and adjective conjugation tables. Appendix Seventeen is a list of the particles
and suffixes covered in the book. Appendix Eighteen is a list of basic Korean
editing symbols and a handwriting sheet, which can be used for writing
practice or writing assignments.
xv
as a basis for the more communicative nature of role plays by encouraging the
students to be more creative and to play with the language.
The listening tasks are from our old out-of-print listening book
Elementary Task-Centered Listening Comprehension of Korean 1, which was
published in 1994 and later changed its title into Korean Through Active
Listening 1. The listening book was always used alongside the textbook until
it became out of print in early 2008. This development has allowed the
incorporation of the listening tasks into the textbook, resulting in the more
rounded and user-friendly textbook. We have to admit that the expressions in
the listening tasks are not as natural as they should be, but they still provide
good input via listening, which is very important in language learning. The
listening tasks do not have answer keys. It has only the transcript at the end of
the book and the learners are required to find the answers themselves first by
listening and then by reading.
Romanisation
This book has used the Korean government romanisation system.
xvi
About symbols used in this book
These symbols are designed to help you learn Korean grammatical items
more effectively. At the beginning, you may need some time to familiarise
yourself with these symbols. However, as you progress throughout this book,
you will find these symbols to be very useful for your Korean language
learning.
xvii
1
?
Unit Focus:
Greetings and Introductions
o Greetings
o Introducing Yourself
o Introducing Others
o +{i-e-yo/ ye-yo} am; are; is
o Korean Names
o Addressing People at the Office: Titles
o Addressing Peers at School: seonbae and
hubae
o Addressing Unknown People at the Shops
o Saying Goodbye
o Greeting, Thanks and Other Expressions
2 UNIT 1 ?
UNIT 1 ? 3
Situation Dialogue 1
Paul, Minseo, Minjun and Jihun are introducing themselves.
Kim Annyeonghaseyo? Hello,
Minseo: Jeoneun Kim Minseoyeyo. Im inseo Kim.
Vocabulary
Annyeonghaseyo? Hello; How gyohwan exchange
do you do? haksaeng student
je my gyeongjehak economics
monaesi Monash
daehakgyo University
UNIT 1 ? 5
Greetings
There are three basic ways to greet someone in Korean, depending on what
degree of politeness and/or formality the situation requires:
? Hello. (honorific)
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
Generally, you should use the honorific form (unless you are close friends):
Jack: ?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
Olivia: ?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
Teacher: ?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
6 UNIT 1 ?
And when two young people bump into each other on the street, they can
just say ? (An-nyeong?). Or they might say:
Amanda: Susan,1 ?
Susan, eo-di ga-ni? (Susan, are you going somewhere?)
Susan: , .
Eung, eo-di ga. (Yeah, I am. Lit. I am going somewhere.)
Introducing Yourself
When meeting somebody for the first time, you can say:
OR
You may have noticed that the pronoun I is omitted, as is normally the
case in Korean sentences where the subject is obvious.
When referring to the person you are addressing, the Korean pronoun for
you is almost never used:
Introducing Others
When introducing somebody, you can use:
() . (honorific)
I-bun-eun Kim Seon-saeng-nim-i-se-yo
This (distinguished person) is Mr. Kim.
() John . (polite)
I-tchog-eun John-i-e-yo.
This (person) is John.
Paul . (formal)
Je chin-gu Paul-im-n-ida.
This is my friend, Paul.
Paul . (casual)
Paul-i-ya.
This is Paul.
You will notice that the term for this (person) is different in each sentence,
and so is the final ending. The term and ending used in the first sentence
show a greater level of respect, and are termed honorific. ( literally
means this distinguished person, whereas literally means over
here.) You can also introduce someone without saying This is in casual
speech. The use of different verb endings will be introduced in later units.
UNIT 1 ? 9
This structure has the general form A is B (when B is a noun and not an
adjective) and is therefore widely used. Note that A must be a noun,
pronoun or wh-question word, and B must be a noun and not an adjective.
For example, you cannot use this form to say He is stupid. You will study
this in more detail further on.
[ Example Dialogue 1]
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? Hello.
[Name]-im-in-da Im [name].
[ Example Dialogue 2]
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? Hello.
[Name]-( i)-e-yo Im [name].
[ Example Dialogue 3]
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? Hello.
[Name]-( i)-ra-go-ham-ni-da Im [name].
[ Example Dialogue 4]
Situation Dialogue 2
Kim Yeongjun is meeting a businessman, Robert Irving, at the airport.
Irving: Annyeonghasimnikka? How do you do?
Robert Irvingimnida. Im Robert Irving.
Vocabulary
Annyeonghasimnikka? How do you do? (honorific, formal)
Korean Names
Korean names consist of a family name followed by a given name. Most
Korean given names are comprised of two syllables, though some only have
one.
The three most common family names in Korea are (Kim), (Yi, often
written Lee), and (Park). Together, these three names account for around
45% of the population.
Family name groups are divided by patrilineal decent into branches or clans.
(There are about 280 such branches of Kim). Until recently, it was illegal
for people of the same branch to marry, no matter how distantly related.
Branches are usually identified by a place name where the clan is said to
have originated, such as Gyeongju Kim.
Kim Yi Pak Choe Cheong Cho Chang
Yun Sin Han Hong Yu Kang Song
Below are the top five baby names for boys and girls in 2013, often used in
television dramas:
UNIT 1 ? 15
2013
:
(Female) Seoyun Seoyeon Minseo Seohyeon Jimin
:
(Male) Minjun Seojun Juwon Hajun Yejun
The following are common names in 2006, 1995, 1975 and 1945
respectively. Note the female names from 1945 end with ja, equivalent to
the ko common in Japanese female names. This reflects the Japanese
colonial period, which ended in that year:
2005
:
(Female) Seoyeon Minseo Seohyeon Subin Yujin
:
(Male) Minjun Hyeonu Donghyeon Junhyeok Minjae
1995
:
(Female) Yujin Minji Jieun Jihyeon Jiwon
:
(Male) Jihun Donghyeon Hyeonu Junyeong Jaehyeon
1975
:
(Female) Miyeong Eunjeong Eunju Eunyeong Hyeonju
:
(Male) Jeonghun Seongho Seonghun Seongjin Jeongho
1945
:
(Female) Yeongja Jeongja Sunja Chunja Gyeongja
:
(Male) Yeongsu Yeongho Yeongsik Jeongung Yeonggil
16 UNIT 1 ?
Examples:
(1) . Mr. Park, please have a seat.
Pak Seon-saeng-nim an-jeu-se-yo.
When people have no title and are of equal or lower status than you, you can
use their full name +(ssi). For example, if the lowest person in the office
is called Yeong-Jun Kim, you would refer to them as Kim Yeong-Jun ssi.
It is rude however to use ssi if you are a junior to the person you are
addressing.
UNIT 1 ? 17
ssi should also be used after someones given name where there is equal
status, but it is offensive to address anyone by their surname and (ssi),
such as (Kim ssi), so be careful!
18 UNIT 1 ?
If you are not very close to the person in the higher year level, you would
add the respectful (nim) to the title, so that they are called seonbae-
nim. However, if you are very close to the person in the higher year level,
you may address them by one of the kinship terms (hyeong, nuna, eonni,
oppa).
UNIT 1 ? 19
Depending on the shop, the shop assistant will use sonnim (customer) or
gogaek-nim (distinguished customer) to address you, or sometimes by a
kinship term.
For example, a young clerk at the bank may address a customer with the
polite and neutral term seonsaeng-nim (Mr/Ms/Teacher) or gogaek-nim
(Dear customer). At a market, young female customers may be addressed
as eonni (older sister) if the shop keeper is a female, while ajumma will
be used for middle aged women, and ajeossi' for middle aged men. Elderly
customers may be referred to as harabeoji (grandfather) or abeonim
(honorific word for another persons father) for men and halmeoni
(grandmother) or eomeonim (honorific word for another persons mother)
for women.
If you need to call out to a staff member to attract their attention, the term
you use depends on the type of business. If you are at a caf or restaurant,
you can use a kinship term, for example to a young female waitress using
eonni if you are a female, but often people do not use any terms but simply
say, yeogiyo! (literally over here!) to get attention. In most shops, you can
use kinship terms as described above (i.e. eonni, ajumma, ajeossi, harabeoji,
halmeoni, etc.). At smaller restaurants, imo (literally aunty from mothers
side) is another commonly used kinship term to address the older ladies
working there.
20 UNIT 1 ?
[ Example Dialogue]
A: An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? Hello.
[Name]-im-ni-da Im [name].
Cheo-eum boep-get-seum-ni-da. Its a pleasure to meet you.
B: [Name]-im-in-da Im [name].
Man-na-seo pan-gap-seumnida. Its nice to meet you.
ireum (name)
UNIT 1 ? 21
Task 3: Listening
(EXPONENT)
? Hello./ How are you?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
. It's nice to meet you.
Man-na-seo ban-gap-seum-ni-da
A+/. I'm A.
A-i-e-yo/ye-yo
. Its a pleasure to meet you.
Cheo-eum boep-get-seum-ni-da.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
(first or full name) (ssi) polite neutral title such as Mr. and Ms.
Situation Dialogue 3
Robert Irving is leaving Korea and saying goodbye to Kim Yeongjun.
Irving: Gamsahamnida. Thank you.
Annyeonghi gyesipsio. Goodbye.
Vocabulary
gamsahamnida thank you (formal)
Saying Goodbye
When saying goodbye to one who is leaving, you can say:
When you are saying goodbye to one who is staying, you can say:
Younger people who are close friends will often just say to each other,
Annyeong in both instances.
UNIT 1 ? 25
Task 4: Writing
How should you say goodbye in the following situations?
Task 6: Listening
(EXPONENT)
/. Goodbye to one who is leaving.
An-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo/ga-sip-s-io.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
teacher + sir/madam
seonsaeng nim
You are going to hear some dialogue in which two people are saying
goodbye to each other. As you know, Korean has different expressions for
"Goodbye" depending on whether it is directed to someone leaving or
staying. Listen carefully and write down L(eaving) in the box next to the
people who are leaving and S(taying) to the people who are staying. Ready?
Listen!
3. Paul (teacher)
seonsaengnim
Unit Focus:
Reading Hangeul
Writing Hangeul
Sound Shifts
Classroom Expressions
32 UNIT 2
Hangeul
We write English by stringing individual letters together. But when using the
Korean writing system Hangeul, we have to think in terms of syllables. A
simple example is the word Canada - Ca-na-da. In Korean this becomes
. Every Korean syllable occupies the same amount of space, no matter
how many characters are in the syllable, and are written to fit into a square
box. Like English, Hangeul is comprised of consonants and vowels.
kae na da
camera ca-me-ra
ka me ra
Peter Pe-ter
pi teo
Mary Ma-ry
me ri
banana ba-na-na
ba na na
radio ra-di-o
ra di o
UNIT 2 33
Basic Consonants
(1) g/k (as in game or kid)
The other symbols were derived by adding strokes to the basic ones.
34 UNIT 2
Practise writing the consonants, paying attention to the stroke order shown
below.
hieut
h
UNIT 2 35
36 UNIT 2
(8) ja ruler
In this group, there are syllables that begin with the dummy consonant ,
which has no sound value. Remember, there has to be a consonant at the
beginning of each syllable!
UNIT 2 37
This last group includes syllables that also have a final consonant. These
syllables must still fit into the square box even though there is an extra
letter. The space occupied by the initial consonant and the vowel is reduced to
allow room underneath for the final consonant.
38 UNIT 2
1. Ghana
2. river
3. country
4. butterfly
6. radio
7. mask
8. heart; mind
9. banana
11. person
12. love
13. lion
14. baby
15. Asia
16. ruler
17. oneself
19. hippopotamus
Aspirated Consonants
k kieuk
t tieut
p pieup
ch/t chieut
To understand what an aspirated consonant is, put your hand in front of your
lips while saying kite. You can feel a burst of air. The difference between
(an aspirated consonant) and (a simple consonant) is the amount of air you
exhale when you make the sound. When you pronounce , the amount of air
you expel is quite small. This difference is similar to that between
Examples:
(1) cha tea; car
Task 2: Listening
You will practise the Korean consonants with the vowel ''. Draw lines
connecting two letters that you hear. Try to read them aloud on your own
before you begin. Ready? Listen!
42 UNIT 2
The last two pure vowels are harder to pronounce as there are no direct
equivalents in English.
(8) eu (If you say the cat sat on the mat stressing cat and
mat, the sound of the unstressed e in the the is fairly
close to this vowel. You need to make your lips
horizontal )
(9) o (This sound may be tricky to get right for some people. It
is somewhere between the o in cope and the or in
cord. The sound comes from the front of the mouth
with your lips forming a circle.)
UNIT 2 43
Note 1: All vowel symbols are formed by combining the following three
basic elements: depicts heaven; depicts earth; and depicts
humankind. With time, the dot ( ) changed to a short stroke ( - ).
Now practise writing them with the dummy consonant stroke by stroke:
Symbol Sound
& Name
a
eo
o
u
eu
i
ae
e
oe
UNIT 2 45
Task 3: Listening
You will practise some Korean vowels. Draw lines connecting two letters
that you hear. Try to read them aloud on your own before you begin. Ready?
Listen!
46 UNIT 2
Writing Syllables
As mentioned earlier, every syllable is written to fit into the same imaginary
square box no matter how many consonant or vowels are in the syllable.
How the box is divided up depends first on the shape of the vowel. When you
look at the pure vowels, you will see that they have a predominant shape.
Thus we can think of them as being vertical: , horizontal:
, or combined: . Have a look at how the vowel shapes the syllable:
With vertical vowels with no final consonant, the box is divided vertically in
half, with the initial consonant on the left and the vowel on the right:
With vertical vowels with a final consonant, the space for the initial
consonant and vowel is reduced to allow room underneath for the final
consonant:
With horizontal vowels with no final consonant, the box is divided in half
horizontally, with the initial consonant at the top and the vowel at the bottom:
With horizontal vowels with a final consonant, again the final consonant is
placed at the bottom. The initial consonant and vowel are pushed upwards:
UNIT 2 47
Examples:
(1) lemon
(2) bus
(3) supermarket
(6) orange
(7) juice
(8) chameleon
(9) kangaroo
(10) coffee
(11) computer
(12) taxi
(13) tennis
(14) television
(15) piano
(16) pizza
(17) hamburger
(18) hotel
48 UNIT 2
Task 4: Listening
Tensed Consonants
kk
ssang
giyeok
tt
ssang
digeut
pp
ssang
bieup
jj
ssang
jieut
ss
ssang
siot
50 UNIT 2
Examples:
(1) tail
Other final consonants take on one of the above seven end consonant sounds:
(10) t () clothes
(11) t () bought
(12) t () daytime
(13) t () flower
(14) t () end
(15) t () the name of Korean
letter
(16) p () front
52 UNIT 2
Task 5: Listening
Combined Vowels
There are twelve combination vowels:
o + a, ae, i
(7) wa (as in Washington) snacks
u + o, e, i
(9) wo (as in was) what
eu + i
(12) ui (as in can we doctor
if you say it quickly)
54 UNIT 2
Now practise writing them with the dummy consonant stroke by stroke:
Symbol Sound
& Name
ya
yeo
yo
yu
yae
ye
wa
wae
wo
we
wi
ui
UNIT 2 55
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
6. 7.
56 UNIT 2
Task 7: Listening
Gabon Namibia
Nigeria Niger
Libya Madagascar
Mali Moroco
Mauritanie Mozambique
Botswana Somalia
Sudan Algeria
Angola Ethiopia
Egypt Zaire
Zambia Chad
Kenya Tanzania
In this task, you will continue to practise the alphabet using the names of
African countries. Write down the number of the country that you hear next to
the country name on the map below. Have a look at the map and read aloud
the country names before you begin. Ready? Listen!
UNIT 2 57
58 UNIT 2
Sound Shifts
1. Resyllabification
You will have noticed that some of the consonants are represented by two
roman letters, for example (g/k), (d/t) and (b/p). When these
consonants come at the end of an individual syllable (i.e. syllable final
consonant), we use the [k], [t], [p] set of sounds but the sound is cut off or
blocked. The same thing can happen in English. Say the words pock,
pot, and pop very quickly. You will find that you do not actually make the
[k], [t], [p] sounds at the ends of the words. Your mouth goes to a position to
make the sounds but does not go through with it. We say that these end
consonants are unreleased because we do not release the sound. While in
English you can say these words more clearly and enunciate the final
consonants, in Korean these [k], [t], [p] end consonants are always unreleased
when we say a syllable on its own.
But when we run syllables together, the end sound can shift depending on
what follows. Again, the same thing applies in English. Say the following
sentences quickly, and with a bit of a drawl:
When you say these quickly, you always sound the [k], [t], and [p] at the end
of look, sit and drop. But the sound can also slide: [k] to [g], [t] to [d] and
[p] to [b]. If you say these consonants in pairs, you will see that the way you
use your mouth to make them is very close. So when you are talking quickly,
it is very easy to slide from one sound to the other. Another example is the
phrase sit down. When you say it quickly, it naturally becomes siddown. It
UNIT 2 59
takes more effort to make distinct [t] and [d] sounds and you have to talk
more slowly.
. saeng-gak-hae-yo.
The romanization represents the pronunciation if you say it very slowly, one
syllable at a time. Practise these separately and then say them quickly,
running them together. You will find that the sounds shift a bit and a smooth
and natural pronunciation is saenggakaeyo.
2. Consonant assimilation
The nasal consonants are and . To make pronunciation easy and flowing
some consonants get changed before these two consonants as shown below:
Some g/k-based sounds become [ng], like in English singer (not sin-ger)
, , sound
Examples
Spelling Pronunciation
also has its own assimilation rules. If and come together, the
wins (i.e. the is not pronounced at all). It means the [n] sound becomes an
[l] sound. If comes before an [i] or [y] sound, the sound is doubled, and
you hear more of an [l] sound than an [r] sound.
Examples
Spelling Pronunciation
3. Tensification
The following shows the difference between untensed and tensed consonants
in Korean:
Untensed Tensed
Examples
Spelling Pronunciation
62 UNIT 2
Examples
Spelling Pronunciation
aspirated
Examples
Spelling Pronunciation
UNIT 2 63
You need not think of these sound shifts as a set of rules that you must learn.
If you practise saying the syllables quickly, running them together, the reason
for the shifts will become obvious, and eventually altering your pronunciation
in this way will become natural.
Pronouncing Korean is relatively easy because, apart from these sound shifts,
Korean words sound the way they are written. As you will be introduced to
new words, sentences, and the like, through printed text, it is important that
you devote some time to learning Hangeul. Practice makes perfect!
64 UNIT 2
Capital Cities
a. e.
b. f.
c. g.
d. h.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
UNIT 2 65
Capital Cities
a. h.
b. i.
c. j.
d. k.
e. l. (Paris)
f. m.
g.
1. 8.
2. / 9. (Japan)
4. 11.
5. (USA) 12.
6. (England) 13. /
7.
66 UNIT 2
Classroom Expressions
a ya eo yeo o yo u yu eu i
/ng
ch
h
70 UNIT 2
a ae ya yae eo e yeo ye o wa
kk
tt
pp
ss
/ng
jj
ch
h
UNIT 2 71
wae oe yo u wo we wi yu eu ui i
kk
tt
pp
ss
/ng
jj
ch
h
72 UNIT 2
3
?
Unit Focus:
Discussing Likes and Dislikes
o Styles of Speech
o Word Order
o Yes/No Questions
o Saying Yes and No
o Vocabulary: Food
o Negative Questions
o Spaces Between Words
74 UNIT 3 ?
UNIT 3 ? 75
Situation Dialogue 1
Minjuns Korean friend Hyeonu is picking him up at the Melbourne Airport.
: , .
: , .
, .
: , .
, ?
: .
: .
: , .
Vocabulary
+{/} casual ending for addressing a person with their first name.
+ is used when the persons name ends in a consonant (eg.
) and+ is used for a vowel (eg. ).
here
hey (casual)
of course; then
am doing well
you
not
tired
bag
give
heavy
Note: At this stage you do not need to understand all the grammar presented
in the situation dialogues. It will be helpful to just memorise the expressions
even though you may not understand how they are constructed
grammatically.
UNIT 3 ? 77
Styles of Speech
You have seen that Korean has different styles of speech depending on the
relationship between the speakers. The four most commonly used are:
1) ? (honorific, formal)
2) ? (honorific, informal)
3) ? (polite, informal)
4) ? (casual)
Styles (1) and (2) are honorific, and are used when you need to be polite and
show a certain level of respect towards the listener due to their age, status and
so on. A typical situation would be a student talking to their teacher. You will
find that style (1), which is also formal, is often used in business settings.
Style (3) is polite and informal. This is usually used when you talk quite
informally to people you do not know very well and whose age and/or status
is similar to or below you. You can also use it to speak to people whom you
feel close to, but they are older than you and/or their social status is higher
than that of yours (e.g, a uni friend who is a few years older than you). Style
(4) is used among close friends or when you speak to your siblings, in
particular, younger family members. Also, depending on how strict their
family upbringing is, some children may also use Style (4) with their parents
instead of Styles (2) or (3).
The different styles of speech used by Koreans are actually quite complex,
and it is not uncommon for people to mix the different styles of speech while
talking to the same person, depending on the context and their relationship.
Situation Dialogue 2
Hyeonu is showing Minjun around Melbourne and it is about lunch time.
: ?
: ... .
: ? ?
: .
: , .
Vocabulary
hungry what
not pizza
yeah; oh like
lunch
Word Order
Every language has a structure. Look at the examples below:
a) I like pizza.
(Subject) (Verb) (Object)
b) I pizza like.
(Subject) (Object) (Verb)
The obvious difference between the two sentences above is the order of the
words. Why dont people say sentence (b)? Its because English sentences
follow a basic Subject-Verb- Object pattern as in (a). In comparison, the
basic Korean pattern is Subject-Object-Verb as in (b). In Korean, the verb
always comes at the end of the sentence.
I like pizza.
Now, lets say I like pizza in Korean. (Subject) comes first, and then
(Object) second, and (Verb) last. Therefore, I like pizza in
Korean is:
1) .
I pizza like
UNIT 3 ? 81
You might think that you have learnt only one sentence, .
However, if we replace with other words, such as (Robert),
(coffee) or (ice cream) just a few of the words that you
have learnt so far you can actually make many Korean sentences:
2) .
3) .
4) .
Before we go on any further, we have to learn one more thing about the
sentence pattern above. When we talk about ourselves, we usually add a topic
particle + to (I) or (we). Therefore, sentences (1) - (4) could be
changed as follows:
5) .
You will learn more about the topic particle, +{/} in later units.
82 UNIT 3 ?
Yes/No Questions
In the previous section we learnt how to make a simple statement such as
. Turning this into a question is quite simple. You just
say ? with a rising intonation.
b) () . I like pizza.
You may be asking what has happened to the pronoun you in the question
form. As mentioned in Unit 1 Introducing Yourself, the equivalent Korean
pronouns of I, you, he/she, it and they are normally omitted when it is
obvious in context to whom or what you are referring. In particular, the
Korean pronoun for you is hardly ever used, unless the speaker and the
listener are very close. To use it in any other situation can be very insulting to
the listener. The most common strategy when you are addressing someone is
either to omit the subject altogether, or to use the persons name instead.
For example:
Casual Polite
Yes or
No
If you like pizza, you can simply say (yes). Alternatively, you can say
and then repeat the verb as in the dialogue below. In English, we can
add I do as in Yes, I do. But in Korean, you simply repeat the verb.
If you dont like pizza, you can just say (no) to your friend. You can also
add the verb, but in this case you need to use the negative form of the verb
(just as in English you say No, I dont.), which you can make by putting the
negative word (not) before the verb . Refer to the dialogue below:
Vocabulary: Food
(Fruit)
1. apple 6. strawberry
2. orange 7. watermelon
3. grape 8. lemon
4. pear 9. peach
5. tomato 10. banana
(Vegetable)
1. potato 6. cabbage
2. mushroom 7. cucumber
3. carrot 8. spring onion
4. corn 9. onion
5. Kimchi 10. white radish
cabbage (daikon)
(wombok)
(Beverages)
1. water 9. black tea
2. coffee 10. green tea
3. milk 11. ginseng tea
4. soy milk 12. barley tea
5. orange juice 13. corn tea
6. cola; Coke 14. beer
7. Sprite; 15. Soju
Seven Up
8. tea 16. Korean
rice wine
UNIT 3 ? 85
/ (Meat/Seafood)
1. fish 5. lamb/mutton
2. crab 6. chicken
3. beef 7. duck
4 pork 8. egg
(Other)
43. bread 50. cake
44. cheese 51. doughnut
45. sweet snacks 52. chocolate
46. biscuit 53. candy; lollies
47. cookie 54. potato chip
48. sandwich 55. (uncooked)
rice
49. hamburger 56. cooked rice;
a meal
86 UNIT 3 ?
?
What foods do Koreans like the most? (in 2014)
Food Response
1. 21 %
2. 16 %
3. 13 %
4. 12 %
5. 6%
?
What drinks do Koreans like? (in 2007)
Drink Response
1. 65.7 %
2. 29.5 %
3. 21.2 %
4. 17.7 %
5. 13.5 %
6. 9.7 %
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
(fruit shop): ,
(vegetable shop):
(bakery):
(butcher):
88 UNIT 3 ?
UNIT 3 ? 89
Situation Dialogue 3
Hyeonu and Minjun go to a pizza shop.
: .
: , ? ?
: . .
Vocabulary
Lets go in [+] you
you dislike
olive(s) why
like [+] I
Negative Questions
When asking questions, Korean people use the negative form very often. For
example, in Situation Dialogue 2, ? (Are you not hungry?) is
used, whereas in English we would normally ask, Are you hungry?
(?). When Koreans use negative questions, you should still think of
the question as if it were not in the negative form. Negative questions are
often used because they are considered to be indirect and therefore less
confronting. Using negative questions rather than positive ones will often
make your Korean sound more natural in many situations.
(2) . Ilikepizza.
(3) . I l i k e p i z z a.
As you can see above, sentences are harder to read with no spaces between
the words. The spacing is made more obvious on the hand writing sheet
shown below. ( . ?)
.
?
92 UNIT 3 ?
Task 3: ?
Move around the classroom asking your classmates if they like the food
below.
[ Example Dialogue]
A: ?
B: , () .
A: ?
B: () .
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
UNIT 3 ? 93
Task 4: Writing
You are being asked about what food you like and dislike. Write your
answers to the following questions according to the preferences provided
below. Use the examples 1, 2 and 7 as a model. Answer in polite speech style.
1. ? , .
2. ? .
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
7. ? .
8. ?
9. ?
10. ?
94 UNIT 3 ?
Task 5: Listening
(EXPONENT)
(A) ? Do you like (A)?
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
child yes no
You will hear a teacher asking what sort of food Korean children like these
days. Put a mark 'O' next to the food they like and a mark 'X' next to the food
they do not like. Ready? Listen!
1 2 3
4
?
Unit Focus:
Asking People Where They Are Going
o Vocabulary: Places
o ()? as a Greeting
o Destination Particle + to
Situation Dialogue 1
Jihun and Mineo are on campus at university.
: , ?
: .
: , ? . .
: , .
Vocabulary
+{/} casual ending for addressing a person with their first name
where
Vocabulary: Places
home toilet; restroom
school hairdressers
library barbers
restaurant hospital
market pharmacy
()? as a Greeting
In Australian English we often say, How are you going? as a greeting, but it
is not a very serious question and a simple good or not bad is enough for a
polite respons, even if youve had a really bad day. Similarly, Koreans use
? (Are you going somewhere?) as a greeting. You dont need to give a
specific answer and can just say something like,, ... (Yeah, just
somewhere...)
? (Casual)
? (Polite)
? (Honorific)
Note that the intonation pattern changes for depending on whether you
are using it to mean where? or to mean somewhere, as shown in the
diagram below:
When we use ? as Where are you going?, the stress is on the word
, and intonation of the last syllable rises slightly and then falls.
100 UNIT 4 ?
If you cannot differentiate between these two questions, the best strategy is to
just reply ... (Just somewhere...) because unless someone is very close
to you, it is unlikely for them to ask you, Where are you going? in Korean.
UNIT 4 ? 101
[ Example Dialogue]
A: , ?
name
B: .
place
A: , ? .
place
B: ? .
A: , .
home library
school hospital
bank class
restaurant market
shop supermarket
toilet office
Situation Dialogue 2
Minseo and Jihun are at a bus stop near university.
: , ?
: .
: , ?
: ?
: .
: .
: .
Vocabulary
where
+ to
Note: In Korean, Where are you going? is not always answered with the
location of the place you are headed towards, but sometimes also with the
purpose of you going there. For example, instead of saying to the pool,
when someone asks where you are going, you might just say to swim:
B: . (Instead of ) To swim.
UNIT 4 ? 105
Destination Particle + to
When you want to say that you are going somewhere, you can use:
Place + (Casual)
Place + (Polite)
[ Example Dialogue]
A: , ?
name
B: .
place
A: , ?
B: ?
A: .
place
B: , ? .
A: .
Task 3: Listening
(EXPONENT)
? Where are you going?
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
school bank
restaurant post office
home shop
toilet coffee shop
+ also together
1. (Thomas) a. school
2. (Susan) b. restaurant
4. (Amanda) d. home
6. (male) f. shop
7. (male) g. bank
like the English as for (noun) or with regard to (noun). +{/} can be
used in many ways. In this section we will use it to describe what one person
(or one subject) is doing in contrast to another.
Rules:
If the noun ends in a vowel, add +. (Note. In spoken Korean, + is
often contracted to )
+ (written or formal) or
+ (spoken)
Examples:
(1) . Paul is studying Korean.
. I am studying sociology.
. Sumi is Korean.
Situation Dialogue 3
Paul sees Hyeonu on campus.
: , ?
: ! . ?
: .
: ? !
Vocabulary
? [ go +?(casual masculine question ending)]
If you meet a friend in the street and they ask where you are going, you might
reply (Im going home). However, if talking on the phone to your
housemate who is waiting for you at home, a Korean person will say
(Im going home), whereas in English you would say, Im coming
home now. This is because in Korean the use of and depends on the
location of the speaker, rather than the location of the listener.
a. g. m.
b. h. n.
c. i. o.
d. j. p.
e. k. q.
f. l. r.
Task 5: Writing
Here is a list of items that you need to find. Below is a list of useful telephone
numbers from a Korean community information booklet. Write down where
you can obtain the items. The first one is done for you.
1. (dictionary) or
2. (DVD)
3.
4.
5. (aspirin)
6.
8. (stamp)
9. (newspaper)
10.
a. 9405-2230 h. 2327-3479
b. 4432-1110 i. 3457-5531
c. 8623-2743 j. 2348-8624
d. 3464-1336 k. 3469-1128
e. 2393-2010 l. 8862-7736
f. 3437-2766 m. DVD 8905-9230
g. 9815-4340 n. 2326-3092
5
?
Unit Focus:
Talking About What You Are Doing
Talking About Your Daily Routine
Situation Dialogue 1
Minseo is at the library when she receives a call from Jihun.
: ?
: . , ?
: .
: . .
: , . .
Vocabulary
now; at the moment
why
quickly
Verb endings are quite similar to the English present tense, as in I study or
she studies. However, it is also used to indicate an action that is going on at
present, as in Im studying at the moment (as well as Im studying at
Monash University this year).
1) Casual form
If the last vowel of the stem is or : +
+ live/lives/is living, etc.
+ go/goes/ is going, etc.
When there is no final consonant, the vowels are usually combined into one
syllable:
+ come/comes/is coming, etc.
This rule is useful when you look up unknown words in the dictionary. At this
stage, dont worry too much about having to remember all these rules. The
best way would be to memorize both the stem and ending together as a chunk.
2) Polite form
Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual form except that you add
+ at the end.
3) Honorific form
There are rules for forming honorific form depending on whether the verb
stem ends in a consonant or vowel.
Refer to the verb table on the following pages to see the three different forms
for a range of verbs.
122 UNIT 5 ?
clean (house) () ()
dance () + ()
dislike
draw (drawing) () + ()
drink (juice) () + ()
do (homework) () ()
get married
give +
have (money) () + ()
kiss
like
listen to (music) () + () *
love
() () () ? () ?
() () () ? () ?
() () () ? () ?
? ?
() () () ? () ?
() () * () ? () ?
() () ()? ()?
() () * () ? () ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
() () () ? () ?
() () () ? () ?
? ?
? ?
() * () * () ? () ?
? ?
() () () ? () ?
124 UNIT 5 ?
play tennis +
put on (clothes);
() + ()
get dressed
read (book) () + ()
rest +
shop
sing
sleep () (+) ()
smoke (cigarettes) () + ()
study
take a photo +
watch (television) () + ()
withdraw (money) () + ()
work
UNIT 5 ? 125
() () () ? () ?
() () () ? () ?
? ?
() () () ? () ?
? ?
? ?
() () ()? ()?
() () () ? () ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
() () () ()
? ?
() () () ()
? ?
() () () ? () ?
() () () ? () ?
? ?
126 UNIT 5 ?
The +? ending sounds more blunt and tends to be used more often by males,
while the less blunt +? form sounds gentler and used more often by females.
The rule for constructing these forms is very simple: Verb Stem +?/+? as
shown in the verb table in the previous pages.
Examples:
(1) ? Are you listing to music?
what
Asking questions such as What do you like? or What are you doing now?
is very simple in Korean. The counterpart of what is . But you have to
remember that in Korean the pronoun you is usually omitted when it is
obvious whom you are referring to. Therefore, we just put ? after
as follows:
You can ask, What are you doing (now)? in the same way. The counterpart
of are doing in Korean is (). But if you were asking your teacher, you
will need use the honorific form , as below.
(casual)
(7) A: ? What are you doing now?
B: . Im not doing anything.
OR
B: . Im studying Korean.
128 UNIT 5 ?
[ Example Dialogue]
A: ?/?/?
B: . , ?
A: .
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
UNIT 5 ? 129
Task 2: Listening
(EXPONENT)
? What are you doing now?
(Something) Verb stem + (/). I'm (verb)ing (something).
Noun + . I'm doing Noun .
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
study telephone
eat listen
read sleep
drink put on
meet sing
dance see or watch
song television
friend clothes
juice book
music apple
You are going to hear a dialogue that describes various activities. Write
down the letter of the picture that describes what you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Situation Dialogue 2
Minjun and Hyeonu are on campus talking about their plans for the weekend.
: ?
: ?1 .
: ? 2
: .
: ?
: .
Vocabulary
this
Saturday
+ on
what
restaurant
then
Sunday
yet; still
plan(s)
Note 2: is used before the noun that you are asking about, and means
what (movie)?, what kind of (person)?, which (colour)? etc.
B: . Im working part-time.
A: ? What job?
(instead of ?)
B: . Waiter at a restaurant.
134 UNIT 5 ?
Vocabulary: Time
am/morning pm/afternoon
morning; midday; evening; night
(breakfast) (lunch) (dinner)
weekday weekend day off public holiday
workday
yesterday today tomorrow the day after
tomorrow
/
last week this week next week
/
last month this month next month
/
last semester this semester next semester
or or or
last year this year next year
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday
Friday Saturday Sunday
UNIT 5 ? 135
Time Word +
(today) (now)
(tomorrow)
When two or more time words are used together, the time particle + is
attached to the last one only:
(7) I go to school at 8 oclock in the morning.
Task 3: Writing
Fill in the blanks below according to the information provided in the box.
The first five sentences have been completed for you.
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. .
9. .
10. .
11. .
12. .
13. .
14. .
15. .
16. .
17. .
UNIT 5 ? 137
Activity Location +
Examples:
(1) (). Im buying a pair of trousers
at a department store.
Task 4: Writing
Fill in an appropriate place name for the activities below. There may be more
than one possible answer.
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. .
9. .
10. .
11. .
12. .
13. .
14. .
15. .
16. .
17. .
18. .
19. .
20. .
UNIT 5 ? 139
[ Example Dialogue]
A: ? * usually; normally
B: . .
. .
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
140 UNIT 5 ?
Task 6: Writing
Complete the dialogues using the pictures.
1. : ?
: .
: .
2. : ?
: .
: .
.
UNIT 5 ? 141
3. : ?
: .
4. : ?
: .
.
142 UNIT 5 ?
UNIT 5 ? 143
Situation Dialogue 3
Minjun sees Hyeonu talking to Paul and asks who Paul is.
: . ?
: . .
: ? ?
: .
: ?
: .
Vocabulary
Korean language
144 UNIT 5 ?
who
+{} with
together
class
not
Noun ? (Casual)
Noun ? (Polite)
Noun ? (Honorific)
When you want to ask an opinion about something (the topic), you can say
? (How is ...?) as in Hows the class? (or What is like? as
in Whats Korean food like?). The answer may be, It (the class) is hard.
In English, question words like what, when, where, who, why, how appear
at the beginning of the sentence, but Korean sentence order is the same as the
answer, which means the topic comes first regardless of whether or not it is a
question. Consider the example dialogue below:
A: ? Hows class?
class how is?
B: () . Its hard.
class is hard
Examples:
(1) A: ()? Hows your Korean class?
B: (). Its alright.
[ Example Dialogue]
A: ?
B: . .
A: ? ?
B: (=). .
difficult
easy
1) Casual form
If the last vowel of the stem is or : +
+ fine (weather)
+ delicious; tasty
When there is no final consonant, the vowels are usually combined into
one syllable:
+ cloudy
+ slow
smart; clever
So far, the rule is the exactly same as that for verbs. However, here you will
learn an irregular ending used more frequently for adjectives, which is used
when the stem ends in .
Note: + is much more common than +, so at this stage you only need to
focus on +.
UNIT 5 ? 149
2) Polite form
Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual form except that you
add at the end.
+ + cheap
+ + tasty
3) Honorific form
There are rules for forming honorific form depending on whether the verb
stem ends in a consonant or vowel.
You need not worry too much about having to remember all these rules.
The best way at this stage is to memorize both the stem and ending together as
a chunk, as mentioned earlier for verbs.
Refer to the adjective table on the following pages to see the three different
forms for a range of adjectives.
150 UNIT 5 ?
beautiful drop +
boring +
busy drop +
cheap +
cold drop +
cute drop +
delicious; tasty +
difficult drop +
easy drop +
expensive +
fun; enjoyable +
good; nice +
good-looking +*
hard +
hate; dislike +
plenty; a lot +
pretty drop +
sick drop +
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ? ?
? ? ?
? ?
? ? ?
? ?
? ? ?
? ? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ? ?
? ? ?
? ? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ? ?
Note: Those with the question mark ? are used only in questions.
152 UNIT 5 ?
/ but; however
so; therefore
Examples:
(1) A: ? Whatre ya doin'?
B: . ? Writing an assignment. Why?
. So Im really busy.
UNIT 5 ? 153
Task 8: Writing
You are conducting market research. Make your own questionnaire, asking
people what they do on weekends. Write your questions in honorific style of
speech, as you want your questions to sound very polite. The first two have
been done for you.
(Questionnaire)
(age):
(occupation):
1. ?
2. ?
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
!
154 UNIT 5 ?
6
?
Unit Focus:
Talking About the Time
Making Appointments
Talking About Class Timetables
o Vocabulary: Study
o Suggestions 1: + Let's
Situation Dialogue 1
Minjun asks Hyeonu if he wants to have lunch after class.
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
: .
.
: . .
Vocabulary
today
class
158 UNIT 6 ?
twelve oclock
together
lunch
okay; alright
Destination particle +
. Im going to uni.
Location particle +
. I study Korean at Monash.
Time Particle +
. I have an exam
tomorrow morning.
Examples:
(1) A: ? What type of movie do you like?
B: . Action movies.
B: . A novel.
Note that can also mean any depending on its context as in (4). As this
is a yes-no question, you say it in rising intonation.
B: . ? Nope. Why?
UNIT 6 ? 161
() where
when
who
Vocabulary: Study
() Korean accounting
English economics
German finance
Indonesian geography
Japanese law
Vietnamese mathematics
homework politics
assignment science
one oclock
two oclock
three oclock
four oclock
five oclock
six oclock
seven oclock
eight oclock
nine oclock
ten oclock
eleven oclock
twelve oclock
Pure Korean numbers are also used to express a duration of a certain number
of hours:
two hours
B: . Shes sixteen.
(* is pronounced myeon-myeong-i-e-yo.)
Task 1: Listening
(EXPONENT)
? What time is it now?
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
Pure Korean numbers up to 12
a. h. o.
b. i. p.
c. j. q.
d. k. r.
e. l. s.
f. m. t.
g. n.
Korean
4. Japanese 14.
history
Australian
8. finance 18.
history
[ 1 Example Dialogue] [ 2]
: ? : ?
: . : .
: ? . : ? .
: . . : . .
: ? : ?
: . . : . .
/
Time Name Subject/Type of Work
8:00 - 9:00
9:00 -10:00
10:00 -11:00
11:00 -12:00
12:00 - 1:00
1:00 - 2:00
2:00 - 3:00
3:00 - 4:00
4:00 - 5:00
168 UNIT 6 ?
Suggestions 1: + Lets
When you want to make a suggestion that involves both you and the person
you are talking to in a casual style, add the ending + to the verb stem:
Note: Unlike some other sentence endings, you cannot just add + to the
casual suggestion ending + to make it into polite style of speech. You need
to use the present tense polite ending +(/) instead. That is:
. (correct)
. (wrong)
Situation Dialogue 2
Jihun asks Minseo whether she wants to go hagwon after class.
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
: .
?
: , .
Vocabulary
today
class
what time
three oclock
+ from
five oclock
+ until
okay; alright
UNIT 6 ? 173
174 UNIT 6 ?
. until 4.
[ Example Dialogue]
A: / ?
B: / .
A: ?
B: .
1. 2. 3. 4.
12 23 45 56
5. 6. 7. 8.
7 11 8 10 9 12 10 12
Task 5: Writing
It is 12 oclock noon on a Thursday. Use the table of opening times below to
complete the dialogues. Write down the times in Korean. The first one is done
for you.
4337-2766 Mon.-Sat.:9am-9pm
DVD
8205-9230 Mon-Sat.: 9am-7pm; Sun.: 9am-1pm
B: (Hello)?
A: . .
B: (I see). .
UNIT 6 ? 177
2. A: .
B: ? ?
A: .
B: .
3. A: .
B: ? ?
A: .
B: .
4. A: DVD .
B: ?
A: .
B: . .
178 UNIT 6 ?
Rules:
If the verb stem ends in a consonant: +()?
+? ? Shall we sit?
Examples
(1) A: ? Shall we see a movie together?
B: , . Sounds good (Lit. Yup, good).
[ Example Dialogue]
A: ?
B: ? (of course).
A: , ?
B: , .
() Korean food
() Chinese food
French food
Indian food
Italian food
() Japanese food
Malaysian food
Spanish food
/ Thai food
Vietnamese food
UNIT 6 ? 181
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
182 UNIT 6 ?
UNIT 6 ? 183
Situation Dialogue 3
Paul wants Hyeonu to study with him tomorrow.
: ?
: ?
: ?
: .
: .
?
: . .
Vocabulary
today
time; hours
class
tomorrow
+ topic particle
we
together
library
A: You are arranging a time to meet a friend tomorrow. First, fill in half of
the schedule below. You start the conversation.
B: You are arranging a time to meet a friend tomorrow. First, fill in half of
the schedule below. You partner will start the conversation.
6 7 8 9 10 11
12 1 2 3 4 5
[ Example Dialogue]
A: ?
B: ? ?* . .
A: ?
B: .
Task 9: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A ? Have you got A?
. It's O.K.
. It's fine.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
time today tomorrow
1
(Thomas) 2 (male)
3
4
(Susan) 5 (female)
6
7
(Paul) 8 (female)
9
10
(Amanda) 11 (male)
12
UNIT 6 ? 187
[ Example Dialogue]
A: (any plan) ?
B: , ?
A: ?
B: ? (Sounds great)!
A: ?
B: ?
movie title
A: . ?
B: ?
hour place (in front)
A: , . .
3. Thieves (2012)
5. Masquerade , (2012)
7. Brotherhood (2004)
8. Haeundae (2009)
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
Monday Tuesday Wednesday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
UNIT 6 ? 189
a. g. m.
b. h. n.
c. i. o.
d. j. p.
e. k. q.
f. l. + + r.
Unit Focus:
Talking about Past Events
Situation Dialogue 1
Hyeonu introduces his friend, Kim Minjun, to Paul.
: , ?
: ?
: , .
: . .
: , .
: ?
Paul: Ani, nado banggeum wasseo. Nope, I just got here, too.
Hyeonu: Insahae. You dont know each other, do
Nae chinguya. you? (Lit. Lets do introductions.)
Ireumeun kimminjun. This is my friend, Kim Minjun
Yeogi gyohwan (Lit. Name is Kim Minjun).
haksaengeuro wasseo. Hes here on exchange.
Paul: Annyeonghaseyo, Hello, Im Paul Smith.
Paul smithimnida.
Minjun: Annyeonghaseyo? Hello?
Hyeonuhanteseo Ive heard a lot about you from
yaegi mani deureosseoyo. Hyeonu.
194 UNIT 7 ?
Vocabulary
oh; yeah
a long time
nah; nope
name
here
+ from (a person)
a lot
Note: In English we say come from ... using the present tense (). But in
Korean we use the past tense () since the act of coming occurred in the
past.
. I come from Australia.
UNIT 7 ? 195
1) Casual form
The past tense endings consist of the present tense ending +(/) and
+. So to create a past tense verb or adjective, simply add + to the
present tense form:
(Present) (Past)
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ was/were inexpensive
When the stem ends in a vowel, the vowel is usually combined with +:
+ gave
+ was/were cloudy
was/were happy
If the stem ends in the consonant and the last vowel is not :
delete +
delete + was/were easy
2) Polite form
Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual from except that you add
at the end.
UNIT 7 ? 197
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
3) Honorific form
To create the honorific past tense form, instead of the present tense form
+{}, you add +{} to the verb stem.
+ met
+ went
+ came
+ was busy
+ was smart
+ read
+ was funy
+ was good
198 UNIT 7 ?
+ beautiful
delete was/were
+ cute
You also need to remember a special set of honorific verbs and adjectives:
took; ate; drank
ate
was (there)
spoke; said
slept
passed away
was/were ill
Refer to the verb and adjective tables in the appendices to see the three
different forms for a range of verbs and adjectives.
UNIT 7 ? 199
[ ]
A: , ?
B: ?
A: , .
B: . . .
name
A: , .
name
C: ? () .
name
200 UNIT 7 ?
Task 2: Listening
(EXPONENT)
/ ? Where/Which country do you come from?
A (region) . I'm from A.
A ? Which area in A are you from?
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
which country where + from
came China Australia U.K.
Germany France Japan
You are going to hear an immigration officer asking people what country
they come from. Choose the picture that shows the nationality that you hear
and write the number of the dialogue in the top row of the table. Ready?
Listen!
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
[ 1] [ 2]
A: ? A: ?
B: . B: .
A: ? A: ?
B: . B: .
202 UNIT 7 ?
Task 4: Listening
(EXPONENT)
? What did (you) do?
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
yesterday
when
what
in the evening
+ with(people)
and
+ in
() ate dinner
() slept
did
friend
() rang
cinema house
() had a walk
() read a book
() listened to music
UNIT 7 ? 203
() played piano
() watched television
() saw a movie
There was a murder last night. A detective questions each member of the
victim's household about his or her activities on the night of the murder.
Listen carefully and note down each person's activities in the appropriate
spaces on the time grid. You can either use the letter which corresponds to
each activity or the underlined words as shown in the notes from the first
dialogue. Ready? Listen!
a. () . b. () .
c. () . d. () .
e. () . f. () .
g. () . h. () .
i. .
7 8 8 9 9 10 1011 11 12
1. b c d a
Mary
2.
Tom
3.
Harry
4.
Jane
204 UNIT 7 ?
UNIT 7 ? 205
Situation Dialogue 2
Hyeonu and Paul talk about why they havent finished their assignments.
: ?
: , . ?
: . .
: .
: ? ?
: . .
Vocabulary
assignment; essay; report (often pronounced as )
all; in total
nah; nope
yet; still
[ unable (past tense form of do)] couldnt do
[ you +(topic particle)] you
[ I; me + too] me too; I also
yesterday
[ late + till] until late
friend
birthday party
[ have/there is+ past tense infix + Its because]
cause I was
by the way; but
Why
[ finish +(casual past tense ending)] finished
a cold
because of
[ several + day(s)] several days
continuously
. [ sick +(casual past tense ending)]was sick
? Really? Oh, yeah? (Lit. Is that so?)
now
? [ okay +?(masculine casual question ending)]
Is it/Are you okay?
yeah; yep
[ recover +(casual past tense ending)] got better
UNIT 7 ? 207
208 UNIT 7 ?
Examples:
(1) . There was a party next door.
. last night.
1. . (therefore) . .
2. . ________ .
4. (want to buy).
(but) (money) . ________ .
6. . (but) ______ .
7. (mobile phone) .
______ (send a text message/SMS).
8. A: , ______ ?
B: . .
9. A: ?
B: , . ______ (not answering the telephone).
10. : ?
: , ________ .
210 UNIT 7 ?
B: . To the library.
[ ]
A: ?
B: . . .
2. I slept.
3. I was sick.
8. My computer crashed.
212 UNIT 7 ?
UNIT 7 ? 213
Situation Dialogue 3
Minseos mum asks whether she has already eaten when she comes home.
: .
: ?
: ?
: .
: ?
: , .
: ? ?
: ! . .
Vocabulary
a little while ago
yeah; yup
alone; by oneself
nah; nope
who
boyfriend
mum
Its not
UNIT 7 ? 215
+ and; with
(When the phrase + () is attached to a person, it means
(together) with. You can omit , with not much difference
in meaning.)
The sentences can describe two independent actions as in the first example, or
alternatively, two actions in a time sequence as in the second example. Note
that when the subjects of the two sentences are different, you use the topic
particle +{/} since you are contrasting them as in (1).
As in English, you can also combine these sentences and make them into one.
To do this, instead of using , you add the ending + to the stem of the
first verb:
Even though the two sentences in (4) are in past tense, when we join them
with +, we do not use the past tense form in the first clause, but only in the
final clause. That is, we do not say, (wrong).
As you can see from example (5), you can also use + to link clauses that
end in an adjective, and the rule is exactly the same as for verbs.
More examples:
(6) I played the piano and
(*This structure can also be used to emphasise that you did not just do
the second action, but did something first. For example, a mum might
ask her son, Have you had dinner? upon his arrival at home in the
evening, to which he may reply, . to emphasise that he
ate before coming home.)
.
. (petite and pretty)
. .
UNIT 7 ? 219
[ ]
A: ?
B: () . ?
A: () .
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
220 UNIT 7 ?
Task 8: Reading
Read and translate this letter that Michael has written to his teacher after
arriving in Korea.
,
.
.
9 1 .
. !
.
! .
.
.
10 .
........
9 1 .
.
2008 9 10
Vocabulary
[ professor sir (honorific) + to (honorific)]
Dear Professor (The casual version of + is +.)
[ I (humble)+ (topic particle)] I
UNIT 7 ? 221
. .
. Rain .
. (Valentines Day)
. Rainy day .
. !
4. Around how many hours of sleep did she normally get every day?
UNIT 7 ? 223
Vocabulary
[ I +(possessive particle)] my
school/uni holiday
+ and; with
a. j.
b. k.
c. / l.
d. / m.
e. n.
f. o.
g. p.
h. . q.
i. r.
in the in the
2. 11.
morning afternoon
in the
3. 12. at night
evening
went for
5. drank tea 14.
a walk
listened to played
6. 15.
music piano
saw a
8. 17. slept
movie
was watched
9. 18.
interesting television
8
Unit Focus:
Ordering in a Caf or Restaurant
Situation Dialogue 1
Hyeonu is very thirsty and looking for a cold beer.
: ?
: . .
, .
: .
: ?
: ? .
: ~ .
, .
Vocabulary
? [ come +(casual past tense ending)] came; got here
weather
instead of
B: , . Yes, we do.
or
B: , . No, we dont.
Examples:
(1) A: ? Do you have any grapes?
B: , . Yes, we do.
B: , . No, we dont.
B: , . No, I dont.
B: , . No, I dont
You can see from the latter examples that this phrase has a wide application -
not just asking for things in shops.
230 UNIT 8
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
[ ]
A: ?
B: , . / (,) .
(When B replies that s/he doesnt have the item, s/he uses the term
. Although the meaning is the same as , the ending is
softer and sounds more polite. Pronunciation: eom-neun-de-yo.)
UNIT 8 231
Task 2: Writing
Answer the questions about what is in the refrigerator according to the
picture. The first two have been done for you.
1. A: ?
B: , .
2. A: ?
B: .
3. A: ?
B:
4. A: ?
B:
5. A: ?
B:
6. A: ?
B:
7. A: ?
B:
8. A: ?
B:
9. A: ?
B:
10. A: ?
B:
232 UNIT 8
Task 3: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A(things) ? Have we got A?
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
yes no apple
orange juice
You will hear Susan ask whether or not the following items are in the
fridge. However, is quite playful. She does not always tell the truth.
Mark TRUE or FALSE according to whether or not she tells the truth.
Ready? Listen!
UNIT 8 233
(TRUE) (FALSE)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
234 UNIT 8
UNIT 8 235
Situation Dialogue 2
Minseo and Jihun are at a coffee shop and Minseo wants to have Patbingsu.
: ?
: . , .
: ?
Vocabulary
what
crushed ice dessert with red beans (also ice cream, fruit etc.)
Culture note: When speaking English, it is very common to add thank you
or thanks when making an order. The Korean equivalents are reserved for
when we want to express gratitude for something, and are rarely used when
ordering from a waiter or shop assistant.
238 UNIT 8
This sentence ending can only be used in the first person (I or we) or
second person (you).
+ () () want to wear
+ () () want to wait
UNIT 8 239
2) Honorific form
The honorific form +{}? is used in question form only, and should
never be used to talk about yourself (as it is inappropriate to honour
yourself). Also, note that we must use the honorific word - in place of
- (eat) or - (drink) when using the honorific form. That is:
? (wrong)
? (wrong)
Examples:
(1) A: ? What do you want to drink?
There are other expressions in Korean for talking about ones desire to do
something. When +{/} is used, the context is usually to express a
specific desire or decision at the time of speaking (e.g. I want to have iced
coffee), rather than a more general hope or desire (e.g. I want to speak Korean
well./ We want to travel to Europe).
1: ?
2: . , .
1: . .
2: ! ?
: , .
2: ... .
(Beverages)
1. cola
2. coffee
3. milk
4. orange juice
5. iced coffee
6. black tea
7. green tea
8. ginseng tea
9. beer
10. Soju
242 UNIT 8
Counting Nouns
In Korean counting nouns are commonly used when counting objects with a
number. One example of a counting noun, (oclock) was introduced in
Unit 6. An example of an English counting noun is the word cup when we
say, Ill have two cups of coffee rather than Ill have two coffees.
Examples:
The list below shows the counting nouns that you are most likely to need in
everyday conversation, so you should memorise these.
This list shows less frequently used counting nouns and is provided for you to
refer to when necessary.
Task 5: Writing
Compile a shopping list from the information on the right. Make sure you use
the appropriate counting nouns. The first one has been done for you.
a. oranges 3 1.
b. apples 2 2.
c. eggs 10 3.
d. beer 5 4.
e. wine 1 5.
f. cakes 4 6.
g. bread 1 7.
h. carrots 7 8.
246 UNIT 8
Task 6: Writing
You need to buy the items in the box for a party:
1. 1st
: .
: ?
: , .
: ?
: .
: , .
2. 2nd
: .
: ?
: , .
: , .
UNIT 8 247
3. 1st
: .
: ?
: , .
: , .
?
: . .
: , .
4. 2nd
: .
: ?
: , .
: , .
?
: , .
: , .
?
: .
5. 3rd
: .
: ?
: , .
: , .
248 UNIT 8
Task 7: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A(things) ? Have you got A?
A /. I have/haven't got A.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
yes
no
then
apple
bread
coke
whisky
beer
brandy
orange juice
1. ; in a fruit shop
2. ; in a small supermarket
3. ; in a bottle shop
250 UNIT 8
UNIT 8 251
Situation Dialogue 3
Minjun, Hyeonu and Paul are at a Korean restaurant in Melbourne.
: . ?
: .
: .
Vocabulary
Welcome (Lit. Please come promptly.); a fixed expression
for greeting customers
three people (honorific)
Kimchi stew
two
meat
water
one cup/glass
+ only; just
more
(). Im full.
(OR .)
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
Examples:
(1) . Can I please have one apple? (Lit.
Note that the object does not change to a plural form when there is more than
one, unlike in English.
UNIT 8 257
20 30 40 50
60 70 80 90
258 UNIT 8
10
UNIT 8 259
Task 9: Listening
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
one two three four
five six seven eight
nine ten
You are going to hear pure Korean numbers from 1 to 10. Circle the
number that you hear. Ready? Listen!
You are going to hear the numbers again. However, this time write down
the number that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen!
19. 20.
260 UNIT 8
thirteen fourteen
fifteen sixteen
seventeen eighteen
nineteen twenty
You are going to hear pure Korean numbers from 11 to 20. Circle the
number that you hear. Ready? Listen!
B: Customer: You are making an order at a fast food restaurant for you and
your friends. Using the menu below, decide what items and the
quantities that you want to order, then tell the waiter/waitress.
[ ]
A: . ? (What can I get you?)
B: .
A: , , ?
/
262 UNIT 8
Note that there is no space between the first noun and the particle, but there is
a space between the particle and the second noun (not , but
). Koreans tend to use + most often in conversation.
Examples:
(1) : . A coke and a coffee, please.
: . ?
: .
: .
: ?
: , , .
: .
: , . ?
: (dried; dry) .
: , 1 ?
: .
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
coke
coffee
orange juice
milk
Unit Focus:
Asking for and Giving Prices
Asking for a Discount
o ; am/are/is not
o How much?
o Sino-Korean Numbers
o Telling the Time: # minutes
o Rate and Ratio Particle + per
o Delimiter Particle + only
o Demonstrative Pronouns: , , and
o Vocabulary: Colour Terms ()
o Vocabulary: Consumer Items
266 UNIT 9 ?
UNIT 9 ? 267
Situation Dialogue 1
Jihun and Minseo are at a fast food restaurant.
: ?
: .
: .
: ?
: .
: .
: .
Vocabulary
what
meal; set
two
9,000 won
Note 2: The highest valued Korean note is 50,000 won and the lowest is
UNIT 9 ? 269
1,000 won. Coins range from 1 won to 500 won. However, 1 won
and 5 won coins are very rarely used the more widely used ones
are 10 won, 50 won, 100 won and 500 won coins.
; am/are/is not
1) +{/} (am/are/is)
In Unit 1 you have learned +{/} to say A is B when B is a noun
and not an adjective. Remember that this ending must be added to the end of a
noun, pronoun or a wh- question word (e.g what, why, when).
Noun+{} (casual)
Noun+{/} (polite)
Noun+{} (honorific)
Rules:
If the noun ends in a consonant: +
. Its a photo of my
girlfriend.
2)
If you want to say that A is not B, then you use .
Noun (casual)
Noun (polite)
Noun (honorific)
Noun (polite, formal)
In this case, however, we do not write it as an ending attached to the noun, but
as a separate word, with a space before it:
Examples:
(1) A: ? Is s/he Korean (Lit. Is that
person a Korean person)?
B: , . No. S/hes not Korean.
How much?
You have learned the meaning of how many, or what when used with
counting nouns, such as time/age/floor etc. in Unit 6. Now we will look at
the word , which has a similar meaning, but different usage.
Note that there is no noun after , but simply the verb, is. This
construction can always be equated to How much is? In the simple form
above, it is used to ask the price of something, but the word price is not used
in the sentence. Therefore, when asking about prices, always use , and
for now, use for asking about all other quantities or amounts.
274 UNIT 9 ?
Sino-Korean Numbers
Sino-Korean numbers are used in cases where numbers are more abstract. As
such, they are used for dates, telephone numbers, bus numbers, amounts of
money including prices, minutes when telling the time, room numbers, floors
of a building, measurements of weight, height, and so on.
/ 0
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
10 20 30 40 50
100 200 300 400
1000 2000 3000
10000 20000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
Examples:
year 1995
month name January
date (of the month) the 2nd (of a month)
weeks three weeks
minutes four minutes
currency five won
floor the sixth floor
building number building no. 7
room number room no. 8
telephone number , 1 901-2005
UNIT 9 ? 275
Note: Koreans typically express the first four (or three) digits of a phone
number as one number, followed by , and then the last four digits as
another number, before finally adding . However, Koreans are increasingly
expressing phone numbers as a series of digits, as in English. That is, more
Koreans these days tend to say, , without the and .
More examples:
(1) A: ? How much is this?
B: . Its 1,500 won.
Note that it is important to remember for which items you use pure Korean
numbers and in which cases you must use Sino-Korean numbers. Eventually
you should not have to think about which number system to use. Normally,
numbers are written using digits and not spelled out in Hangul. So when a
number is written as, for example, 24, you need to know whether to read it as
(pure Korean number) or as (sino-Korean number).
UNIT 9 ? 277
Task 1: Listening
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
/ zero one two three
You are going to hear Sino-Korean numbers from 0 to 10. Circle the
numbers that you hear. Ready? Listen!
You are going to hear the numbers again. However, this time write down
the numbers that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen!
21. 22.
278 UNIT 9 ?
Task 2: Listening
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
eleven twelve
thirteen fourteen
fifteen sixteen
seventeen eighteen
nineteen twenty
You are going to hear Sino-Korean numbers from 11 to 20. Circle the
numbers that you hear. Ready? Listen!
Task 3: Listening
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
ten twenty thirty
forty fifty sixty
seventy eighty ninety
(a) hundred
You are going to hear Sino-Korean numbers from 10 to 100. Circle the
numbers that you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. a. 40 b. 90 2. a. 30 b. 70 3. a. 20 b. 80
4. a. 50 b. 90 5. a. 60 b. 30 6. a. 70 b. 80
7. a. 40 b. 30 8. a. 10 b. 90 9. a. 50 b. 30
10. a. 100 b. 90
You are going to hear the numbers again. However, this time write down
the numbers that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen!
20.
280 UNIT 9 ?
Task 4: Writing
Read the dialogues and write down the prices next to each article. The first
one has been done for you.
d. cheeseburger .
1. : ?
: .
2. : ?
: .
3. : ?
: .
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
UNIT 9 ? 281
A: Customer: You are at a coffee shop. There is a menu on the table but
there are no prices. Ask the waiter/waitress for the price of each item
and fill in the menu below. When you have all the prices, order a drink.
When you have finished, show your partner what you have written to
check if you have got the prices correct.
[ ]
: . ?
: ?
: 5,500 .
: , ?
MENU
282 UNIT 9 ?
Task 6: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A . Give me A, Please.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
ice cream
cheeseburger
hamburger
coke
coffee
milk
black tea
+ and
French fries
You are going to hear some dialogue that might happen in a fast food
restaurant. Listen for the number of items that a customer is ordering and the
price. Write down the number and the price on your sheet. Ready? Listen!
UNIT 9 ? 283
1. 2.
284 UNIT 9 ?
3. 4.
UNIT 9 ? 285
Task 7: Writing
Complete the dialogue: You are looking for a newspaper at a kiosk.
1. :
2. :
3. :
4. :
5. :
: .
: ?
: , .
: ?
: .
: ?
: , .
: ?
: .
286 UNIT 9 ?
Sino Korean numbers are used for the minutes of the time:
3:15
To say a specific time, including how many minutes past, simply add the
number of minutes followed by the word (minutes) after the hour, so
literally you are saying, three oclock and fifteen minutes.
Examples:
( is pronounced [ kkeunna].)
UNIT 9 ? 287
Task 8: Listening
You are going to hear more dialogues on the time. For example,
?, 12 30 . Write down the time that you hear in
Korean. Ready? Listen!
1. . 2. .
3. . 4. .
5. . 6. .
7. . 8. .
9. . 10. .
11. . 12. .
288 UNIT 9 ?
UNIT 9 ? 289
Situation Dialogue 2
Minseo is buying some fruit at a market.
: , , ?
: .
: , ?
: .
: , ?
: .
: . .
: , .
: ... , .
Vocabulary
? [ how much + is] How much is it?
[ one unit + per] per unit; each
1,000 won
? [ how ?do?]
How much is/are? (Lit. How do you sell?)
[ kilo + per] per kilo
[ four thousand] 4,000
+ [+ am/are/is + (soft sentence ending)] is
[ three thousand] 3,000
too
Examples:
(1) : ? How much are the grapes?
. per kilogram.
. 2,800 won.
: . All right.
294 UNIT 9 ?
? party yesterday?
? on Saturdays as well?
Task 9: Writing
Read the dialogues and write down the prices next to each article. The first
one has been done for you.
a. book 15,000 .
b. camera .
c. apple .
d. pear .
e. grapes .
1. : ?
: .
2. : ?
: .
3. : , , ?
: .
: , ?
: .
: , ?
: .
296 UNIT 9 ?
A: You are at a greengrocers. Ask the shop assistant for the prices of the
fruit below and write them down in the appropriate blanks. When you
have finished, show your partner what you have written to check if you
have the prices correct.
B: You are a shop assistant at a greengrocers. Decide the prices you would
like to charge for each item.
[ ]
A: , / ?
B: .
A: ?
B: () .
A: , () .
kg kg
UNIT 9 ? 297
298 UNIT 9 ?
UNIT 9 ? 299
Situation Dialogue 3
Minseo is buying a sweater at a department store.
: ?
: .
: .
... , ?
: .
: .
: . ?1
: , .
Vocabulary
that (one over there)
black
sweater
180,000 won
red
95,000 won
please; a bit
that book over there that (one) over there over there
Examples:
(1) A: . Give me that one.
B: ? ? Which one? This one?
/ white
/ black
red
1 blue
yellow
/ green
/ 2 pink
/ orange
grey
3 / brown
purple
violet
gold
silver
rainbow (, , , , , (indigo), )
9. violet sweater 10. pink sweater 11. blue sweater 12. green sweater
B: You are a shop assistant. Decide what prices you would like to charge
for the sweaters.
[ ]
: ?
: .
: . , ?
: .
: .
: . ?
: , .
304 UNIT 9 ?
3. washing 10 / mobile
machine / phone
4. electric heater 11. (= digital
) camera
5. electric 12. electronic
rice cooker dictionary
6. vacuum 13. power
cleaner charger
7. computer 14. selfie stick
(Furniture)
1. bed 4. table
2. desk 5. chair
3. bookcase 6. sofa
(Accessories)
1. watch 4. ring
2. handbag 5. necklace
a. e. i.
b. f. j.
c. g. k.
d. h. l.
1. shoes . 7. watch .
2. bed . 8. sofa .
3. bookcase . 9. ring .
(EXPONENT)
? How much is it?
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
refrigerator
bed
desk
sofa
bookcase
then
colour television
I see
thank you
thousand
ten thousand
Sumi has come to Seoul to go to a university and has rented a flat. She
needs lots of household items. She has decided to buy second hand furniture.
Now, she is calling to find out the prices of some items shown in the
advertisement below. Write down the price next to each item that you hear.
Ready? Listen!
UNIT 9 ? 307
(3.0kg) 10
2 3 3 5
7556-3440
8565-3740 4 2
3 9
5 5388-9155
6 386DX40 70
80x150cm MP3 8
FM/AM
4387-2513 9 5
75 3736-1884
(5) 7 50
308 UNIT 9 ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
310 UNIT 9 ?
(Susan has come to Korea on an exchange program and wrote the following
email to her Korean teacher in Australia.)
! 18,000 .
. .
1,250 4,000 !
. .
. 5,500 .
. .
UNIT 9 ? 311
Vocabulary
[ I(humble) +(topic particle)] I
[ Seoul University + to] to Seoul (National)
University
[ exchange student + as]
as an exchange student
[ come +(past tense ending)] came
[ yesterday +(topic particle)] yesterday
[ friend (plural marker) + with] with friends
[ restaurant + at] at a restaurant
lunch
+ am/are/is
so; therefore
Unit Focus:
Talking About Yourself and Your Family
Situation Dialogue 1
Hyeonu introduces Minjun to Paul who is younger than both of them.
: .
: .
: , . ?
: 2 .
: ?
: 97 .
: , 94 .
: .
: .
: .
: ?
: .
Vocabulary
Korean (language)
really
now
Example
A: . Your Korean is really good.
B: , . No, I still have a lot to learn
(Lit. Im still not good).
318 UNIT 10 ?
The first way is normally used in everyday conversation. The second is used
in more formal situations, such as for filling out forms:
: 20 . Age: 20 years
The pure Korean numbers are provided below. Refer to Unit 9 for Sino-
Korean numbers.
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
30 40 50 60 70
80 90
The school year is divided into two semesters for early schooling as well as
for tertiary education. The first semester begins in March and lasts until
mid-July and the second semester typically runs from September 1st until
late-December.
Education System
kindergarten senior high school
Level of Study
first year fourth year
Task 1: ?
You are going to ask about the year of university and birth year of your
classmates. First, you should check the vocabulary list below to find how to
say the level of study relevant to yourself. Then move around the classroom
asking questions to the other students, while filling in the table below.
[ ]
A: ?
B: 3 .
?
A: 2 , 95 .
Note: Someone who was born in the year 2001 would have to say
whereas someone born in 1995 can simply use the two last digits:
(instead of saying the full year, ) .
Level of Study
first year fourth year
Situation Dialogue 2
Paul is asking Minjun how he knows Hyeonu.
: .
: , . , ?
: .
: ... ?
: , .
: , .
: .
: ?
: . ?
: .
Vocabulary
then; in that case
+{} with
nah, I mean (used when correcting what you have just said)
how
fellow alumni
+ casual form of +
? [ what +(polite particle)] what? what was that?
together
what; which
university (or )
[ attend +( polite past tense ending)] attended
Korea University
major
() business management
() economics
+ and
Korean (language)
Faculty of Arts
Department of Korean Language and Literature
Department of English Language and Literature
Department of Asian Languages and Studies
Faculty of Science
Department of Physics
Department of Mathematics
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Medicine
Department of Medicine
Faculty of Law
Department of Law
Faculty of Business (and Commerce)
Department of Business Administration
Department of Accounting
Department of Finance
Department of Economics
Faculty of Education
Department of Education
Department of Home Economics
Note: To talk about a particular Major of Study, the above vocabulary is used
without (Department): (economics major).
UNIT 10 ? 327
Task 2: ?
Fill in the blanks of the example dialogue below with an appropriate response.
If you dont know the name of your major in Korean, you can refer to the list
of faculties and departments on the previous page. The department names can
be made into subject names by taking off the . Now move around the class
introducing yourself to the other students and filling in the table below.
[ ]
A: ?
B: .
A: ?
B: .
A: .
{/}.
Name () Major ()
328 UNIT 10 ?
Word Contractions
Koreans, like Australians, like to shorten words by contracting them.
This is particularly noticeable with university names as shown below:
or (Australia)
Victoria University Vic Uni
University of Queensland UQ
It is also common to use contractions for the library names at university since
there is usually more than one:
(Main Library)
(Science Library)
UNIT 10 ? 329
330 UNIT 10 ?
UNIT 10 ? 331
Situation Dialogue 3
Paul is asking Minjuns family details.
: ?
: .
: ?
: ... ?
: . . ? ?
: ?
... , .
: , . . .
: , .
Vocabulary
no reason; just because
+ am/are/is
? but why?
Vocabulary: Family
/ father/dad younger brother
son first
daughter second
husband third
grandmother cousin
grandfather uncle
So for example, there are different words for older brothers and sisters
depending on your sex. These words for older sister and brother, /
and /, are also commonly used between people who are not related.
When you have a close relationship with someone who is older than you, you
can call him or her by the appropriate kinship term for your sex. Koreans do
not refer to or address people who are older than them using their given
names.
Koreans also distinguish between the fathers family and the mothers. The
terms given above for grandparents and uncle only refer to the fathers side. If
UNIT 10 ? 335
you were speaking about your mothers side, you would add the word
(literally meaning outside) in front of each of the terms: ,
, .
Task 3: / ?
Ask your partner about his or her siblings. Circle the right kinship term in the
cells below and write down their ages.
[ ]
A: / ?
B: , / , .
A: , ?
B: .
A: / ?
B: .
A: ?
B: .
Relationship Age
/ / /
/ / /
/ / /
/ / /
/ / /
UNIT 10 ? 337
a. h.
b. i.
c. j. /
d. k.
e. l.
f. m.
g.
1. father
2. mother
3. daughter
4. son
5. husband
6. wife
7. younger sister
13. children
338 UNIT 10 ?
+ + (honorific)
Examples:
(1) . Mr Kim is busy these days.
. America.
. on Korean history.
Possessive Pronouns
When we want to refer to the fact that something belongs to somebody in
English, we use possessive pronouns such as my, our, your, his, her,
and their. How you use the corresponding Korean words depends on styles
of speech. This is illustrated in the following table:
Casual
Humble * * *
Honorific * * *
Examples:
(1) A: ? Whose book is this?
B: . Its mine.
However, in Korean it is not common to use the 2nd or 3rd person possessive
pronouns. In such cases you just link the item and the persons name:
As seen in (3), Koreans often use (our) when they mean (my). This
reflects the importance of the notion of group and community in Korean
culture. A Korean will refer to his or her parents, school and company as
, and respectively. A man may even refer to his
wife as /! However, if you were talking about something
which is yours personally and not the groups (other than your spouse!), you
would use or the humble form , as in examples (1) and (2), and also as in
(my friend).
342 UNIT 10 ?
Vocabulary: Occupations
accountant musician
engineer scientist
farmer secretary
fisherman singer
interpreter soldier
judge teacher
lawyer technician
miner translator
Task 5: ?
Use what you have learnt to talk about the members of your family and what
they do with a partner.
Relationship Occupation
344 UNIT 10 ?
Koreans can come across as rather rude to Westerners because they tend to
ask very personal questions, even when they do not know you very well.
However, these personal details are considered necessary by Koreans in order
to address people appropriately and to use the correct level of politeness.
These questions are also a strategy to establish areas of commonality between
the speakers in order to build a relationship. The phrase ... +{/}
? is very useful for asking people these kinds of personal questions.
This phrase is also commonly used by somebody who needs to know your
personal information as part of his or her job, such as a bank teller.
Examples:
(1) ? May I please have your name?
If you were asking for information about a child or someone younger than
you, you would ask such questions in a more direct way such as:
A: You are a bank teller. You work in the new accounts section. A
customer wants to open a new account. Fill in the form below and show
your partner what you have written when you finish.
B: You are in a bank to open a new account. Answer the bank tellers
questions. When finished, check that s/he has got all the information
correct.
[ ]
A:
B: .
A: ?
B: .
A: ?
B: .
A: ?
B: ,
A: ?
B: .
: .
:
: .
: .
UNIT 10 ? 347
Task 7: Listening
(EXPONENT)
? When is your birthday?
A B . It's the B of A.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
birthday year 1 January
2 February 3 March 4 April
5 May 6 June 7 July
8 August 9 September 10 October
11 November 12 December
Sino-Korean numbers up to 31
Listen to these people saying when their birthdays are. Circle the day of
the month each person was born and write down the number of the dialogue
next to it. Ready? Listen!
348 UNIT 10 ?
Task 8: Listening
(EXPONENT)
? (Honorific Expression)
What is your name?
? What is your name?
A+{/}. I'm A.
/? When is your birthdate?
A B C. It's the C of B (Year) A.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
name(colloquial form) honorific form of
written form of birthdate
Sino-Korean numbers up to 2000
hundred thousand
You will hear a dialogue in which a bank clerk is asking people names and
birthdates for a new account. Write down their birthdates on the correct form
below. Ready? Listen!
The last form (No. 6) is for you. The clerk will ask you your name and date
of birth. Tell them to the clerk and write them down on the form. Ready?
Listen!
UNIT 10 ? 349
Task 9: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?, Who is that person?
A. She\he is A.
?/ ? What is his/her age?
A(number) . She/he is A years old.
? What is her/his occupation?
A. It is A.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
over there that
person who
age then
occupation counting unit for age
lawyer doctor
computer colloquial form of
engineer what
politician pure Korean numbers up to 40
is at a party and is asking her friend about people whom she does not
know. Write down their ages and occupations in the appropriate blanks.
Ready? Listen!
350 UNIT 10 ?
Examples:
(1) () exam
(2) / () teacher
(3) () mail
(5) () game
(6) () Saturday
(7) () laughing
(8) () laughing
(14) crying
.
87 , .
2 .
.
.
, .
.
.
.
. ^^
.
.
.
. ! >.<
352 UNIT 10 ?
Vocabulary
[ self introduction] self-introduction
my (humble)
money
[ need] need
354 UNIT 10 ?
TRANSCRIPT
OF
LISTENING
TASKS
356 TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS
Susan: . Yeongjin: ,
Yeongjin : . .
Susan: , .
(Dialogue) 3 (Yeongjin: S; Susan: L)
Paul: .
Sumi: . (Dialogue) 3
. Paul: ,
Paul: . .
. Teacher: , .
(Paul: L; Teacher: S)
Sumi: .
(Dialogue) 4
(Dialogue) 4
Minseop: ,
Minseop: .
.
.
Amanda: ,
Amanda: ,
.
.
(Minseop: L; Amanda: L)
Minseop: .
TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 357
7. 8. (Dialogue) 2
9. 10. : ?
11. 2: , .
12. 13. : , ?
14. 15. 2: ,
16. 17. .
18. 19. : , ?
20. 21. 2: , .
22. : , ?
2: , .
Unit 3, Task 5 : , ?
(Dialogue) 1 2: , .
: ? : ,
1: , . ?
: , ? 2: , .
1: , .
: , ? (Dialogue) 3
1: , . : ?
: , ? 3: , .
1: , : , ?
. 3: , .
: , ? : , ?
1: , . 3: , .
: , .
? : ,
1: , . ?
3: , .
TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 359
Unit 4, Task 3 : , .
(Dialogue) 1 ?
: , . : .
: , . ?
? : .
: .
: . Unit 5, Task 2
. (Dialogue) 1
A : ?
(Dialogue) 2 B : .
: , .
: , . (Dialogue) 2
? A : ?
: . B : .
: .
. (Dialogue) 3
A : ?
(Dialogue) 3 B : .
: , .
: , . (Dialogue) 4
. A : ?
: ? B : .
: .
(Dialogue) 5
?
A : ?
: .
B : .
(Dialogue) 4
(Dialogue) 6
: , .
360 TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS
A : ? 1.A : ?
B : . B : .
(Dialogue) 7 2.A : ?
A : ? B : .
B : .
3.A : ?
(Dialogue) 8 B : .
A : ?
B : . 4.A : ?
B : .
(Dialogue) 9
A : ? 5.A : ?
B : . B : .
(Dialogue) 10 6.A : ?
A : ? B : .
B : .
7.A : ?
(Dialogue) 11 B : .
A : ?
B : . 8.A : ?
B : .
(Dialogue) 12
A : ? 9.A : ?
B : . B : .
10.A : ?
Unit 6, Task 1
TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 361
B : . : , , .
: ?
11.A : ? : , .
B : . : ?
: , .
12.A : ?
B : . (Dialogue) 4
: , .
Unit 6, Task 9 : , .
(Dialogue) 1 : ?
: ? : , .
? : ?
: , . : , .
: ?
: , . Unit 6, Task 11
: ? (Dialogue) 1
: , . : , .
: , .
(Dialogue) 2 : ?
: , . : , .
: , , . : ,
: ? ?
: , . : , .
: ?
: , . (Dialogue) 2
: , .
(Dialogue) 3 : , , .
: , . : ?
362 TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS
: , . (Dialogue) 2
: , I.O. : ?
? 2: .
: , .
(Dialogue) 3
(Dialogue) 3 I.O. : ?
: , . 3: .
: , , .
: ? (Dialogue) 4
: , I.O. : ?
: , 4: .
?
: , . (Dialogue) 5
I.O. : ?
(Dialogue) 4 5: .
: , .
: , . (Dialogue) 6
: ? I.O. : ?
: , . 6: .
: ,
Unit 7, Task 2, Part 2
?
(Dialogue) 1
: , .
I.O. : ?
1: .
Unit 7, Task 2, Part 1
I.O : ?
(Dialogue) 1
1: .
I.O. : ?
(Immigration Officer)
1: .
TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 363
(Dialogue) 2 I.O : ?
I.O. : ? 6: .
2: .
I.O : ? Unit 7, Task 4
2: . (Dialogue) 1
: ?
(Dialogue) 3 detective
I.O. : ? :
3: . .
I.O : ? : ?
3: . :
.
(Dialogue) 4 : ?
I.O. : ? :
4: . .
I.O : ? : ?
4: . :
.
(Dialogue) 5 : ?
I.O. : ? :
5: . .
I.O :
? (Dialogue) 2
5: . : ?
:
(Dialogue) 6 .
I.O. : ? : ?
6: . :
364 TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS
. .
: ?
: (Dialogue) 4
. : ?
: ? : .
: : ?
. :
: ?
: .
. : ?
:
(Dialogue) 3
: ? .
: . : ?
: ? :
: .
. : ?
: ? :
:
.
. : ?
: ? :
: .
. Unit 8, Task 3
: ? 1. A : ?
: B : , .
2. A : ?
TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 365
B : , . 16. A : ?
3. A : ? B : , .
B : , . 17. A : ?
4. A : ? B : , .
B : , . 18. A : ?
5. A : ? B : , .
B : , . 19. A : ?
6. A : ? B : , .
B : , . 20. A : ?
7. A : ? B : , .
B : , .
8. A : ? Unit 8, Task 7
B : , . (Dialogue) 1
9. A : ? ( ; in a fruit shop)
B : , . : .
10. A : ? : ?
B : , . : , .
11. A : ? : ?
B : , . : , .
12. A : ? : ,
B : , . .
13. A : ?
B : , . (Dialogue) 2
14. A : ? (;
B : , . in a small supermarket)
15. A : ? : .
B : , . : ?
366 TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS
Unit 8, Task 9 : .
1. 2. 3. ?
4. 5. 6. :
7. 8. 9. .
10.
Unit 9, Task 1
11. 12. 13. 1. 2. 3.
7. 8. 9. :
10. 11. .
: .
12. 13. 14. : ?
15. 16. 17. : .
18. 19. 20.
21. 22. (Dialogue) 2
: .
Unit 9, Task 2 :
1. 2. 3. .
4. 5. 6. : .
7. 8. 9. : ?
10. : .
: . 9.A : ?
: ? B : .
: .
10.A : ?
Unit 9, Task 8 B : .
1. A : ?
11.A : ?
B : .
B : .
2.A : ?
12.A : ?
B : .
B : .
3.A : ?
B : . Unit 9, Task 13
1. : ?
4.A : ? 1 : .
B : .
2. : ?
5.A : ? 2 : .
B : .
3. : ?
6.A : ? 3 : .
B : . : ,
?
7.A : ? 3 : .
B : .
4. : ?
8.A : ? 4 : .
B : . : ?
TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 369
4 : B : .
.
: , . 9. A : ?
. B : .
10. A : ?
Unit 10, Task 7
B : .
1. A : ?
B : .
11. A : ?
B : .
2. A : ?
B : .
12. A : ?
B : .
3. A : ?
B : .
Unit 10, Task 8
4. A : ? (Dialogue) 1
B : . A : ?
B : .
5. A : ? A : ----.
B : .
?
6. A : ? B :
B : . .
7. A : ? (Dialogue) 2
B : . A : ?
B : .
8. A : ? A : ----.
370 TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS
?
? B :
B : .
.
The last form is for you. The
?
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
3. : ,
?
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
4. : ,
?
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
372 TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS
APPENDIX
374 APPENDIX
(not ).
An x indicates that the conjugation for that cell is not applicable. For
because the subject of the sentence would not be a human being and
therefore we cannot use an honorific form.
A q following a word in the table is used to indicate that the form given
say Do you find it delicious? and not That food is delicious, because the
subject of the sentence is not a human being and therefore we cannot use an
honorific form.
The Korean words for handsome, old (human being), old (things), thin
(people) and ugly are often used with , so this has been added to the
+
APPENDIX 375
the honorific statement form +{} cannot be used for third persons.
Therefore, this form has been omitted from the tables, where the +(/)
in Korean and does not follow the same conjugation rules as a verb.
Instead of dictionary form, the verb or adjective stem has been provided in
the following appendices. Therefore, you will need to add to the stem to
under .
376 APPENDIX
Appendix 1: Copular be
be not ? ?
be not ? ?
be not () () ()
APPENDIX 379
be not ? ?
be not x x
With + ending
Present Past Future (Suppostition)
be not
380 APPENDIX
ask ()
build ()
buy ()
call ()
choose ()
clean ()
come ()
cook () ()
dance () ()
do ()
draw ()
drink () *
eat () *
give ()
go ()
go regularly ()
help ()
leave ()
listen ()
live ()
marry ()
meet ()
order ()
APPENDIX 381
* *
* *
382 APPENDIX
play ()
quit (job) ()
quit (smoking) ()
read ()
rest ()
sing ()
sit down ()
sleep () *
smoke ()
speak ()
stand up ()
start ()
study ()
swim ()
take (vehicle) ()
talk () *
wait ()
walk ()
watch ()
wear ()
wear (shoes) ()
work ()
write ()
APPENDIX 383
* *
* *
384 APPENDIX
ask ()
build ()
buy ()
call ()
choose ()
clean ()
come ()
cook () ()
dance () ()
do ()
draw ()
drink () *
eat () *
give ()
go ()
go regularly ()
help ()
leave ()
listen ()
live ()
marry ()
meet ()
order ()
APPENDIX 385
* *
* *
386 APPENDIX
play ()
quit (job) ()
quit
(smoking) ()
read ()
rest ()
sing ()
sit down ()
sleep () *
smoke ()
speak ()
stand up ()
start ()
study ()
swim ()
take (vehicle) ()
talk () *
wait ()
walk ()
watch ()
wear ()
wear (shoes) ()
work ()
write ()
APPENDIX 387
* *
* *
388 APPENDIX
ask
build
buy
call
choose
clean
come
cook ()
dance ()
do
draw
drink *
eat *
give
go
go regularly
help
leave
listen
live
marry
meet
order
APPENDIX 389
* *
* *
390 APPENDIX
play
quit (job)
quit (smoking)
read
rest
sing
sit down
sleep *
smoke
speak
stand up
start
study
swim
take (vehicle)
talk *
wait
walk
watch
wear
wear (shoes)
work
write
APPENDIX 391
* *
* *
392 APPENDIX
ask () ()
build () ()
buy () ()
call () ()
choose () ()
clean () ()
come () ()
cook () () ()
dance () () ()
do () ()
draw () ()
drink () ()
eat () ()
give () ()
go () ()
go regularly () ()
help () ()
leave () ()
listen () ()
live () ()
marry () ()
meet () ()
order () ()
APPENDIX 393
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
* * ()
* * ()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
394 APPENDIX
play () ()
quit (job) () ()
quit (smoking) () ()
read () ()
rest () ()
sing () ()
sit down () ()
sleep () ()
smoke () ()
speak () ()
stand up () ()
start () ()
study () ()
swim () ()
take (vehicle) () ()
talk () ()
wait () ()
walk () ()
watch () ()
wear () ()
wear (shoes) () ()
work () ()
write () ()
APPENDIX 395
Would you like to? Would you like to? I will I will
(Honorific) (Honorific Formal) (Formal)
+{}? +{}? +{/}() +
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
* * ()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
* * () *
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
396 APPENDIX
ask
build
buy
call
choose
clean
come
cook ()
dance ()
do
draw
drink
eat
give
go
go regularly
help
leave
listen
live
marry
meet
order
APPENDIX 397
play
quit (job)
quit (smoking)
read
rest
sing
sit down
sleep
smoke
speak
stand up
start
study
swim
take (vehicle)
talk
wait
walk
watch
wear
wear (shoes)
work
write
398 APPENDIX
ask () () ()
build () () ()
buy () () ()
call () () ()
choose () () ()
clean () () ()
come () () ()
cook () () () ()
dance () () () ()
do () () ()
draw () () ()
drink () () ()
eat () () ()
give () () ()
go () () ()
go regularly () () ()
help () () ()
leave () () ()
listen () () ()
live () () ()
marry () () ()
meet () () ()
order () () ()
APPENDIX 399
& +{/} ()
Stem and / but and / but and / but
(present) (past) (future)
+() +(/)() +{/} ()
play () () ()
quit (job) () () ()
quit (smoking) () () ()
read () () ()
rest () () ()
sing () () ()
sit down () () ()
sleep () () ()
smoke () () ()
speak () () ()
stand up () () ()
start () () ()
study () () ()
swim () () ()
take (vehicle) () () ()
talk () () ()
wait () () ()
walk () () ()
watch () () ()
wear () () ()
wear (shoes) () () ()
work () () ()
write () () ()
400 APPENDIX
ask () () ()
build () () ()
buy () () ()
call () () ()
choose () () ()
clean () () ()
come () () ()
cook () () () ()
dance () () () ()
do () () ()
draw () () ()
drink () () ()
eat () () ()
give () () ()
go () () ()
go regularly () () ()
help () () ()
leave () () ()
listen () () ()
live () () ()
marry () () ()
meet () () ()
order () () ()
APPENDIX 401
&+{/} ()
Stem Its because Its because Its because
(present) (past) (future)
+() +(/)() +{/}
play () () ()
quit (job) () () ()
quit (smoking) () () ()
read () () ()
rest () () ()
sing () () ()
sit down () () ()
sleep () () ()
smoke () () ()
speak () () ()
stand up () () ()
start () () ()
study () () ()
swim () () ()
take (vehicle) () () ()
talk () () ()
wait () () ()
walk () () ()
watch () () ()
wear () () ()
wear (shoes) () () ()
work () () ()
write () () ()
402 APPENDIX
ask
build
buy
call
choose
clean
come
cook ()
dance ()
do
draw
drink
eat
give
go
go regularly
help
leave
listen
live
marry
meet
order
APPENDIX 403
404 APPENDIX
play
quit (job)
quit (smoking)
read
rest
sing
sit down
sleep
smoke
speak
stand up
start
study
swim
take (vehicle)
talk
wait
walk
watch
wear
wear (shoes)
work
write
APPENDIX 405
406 APPENDIX
bad ()
beautiful ()
big ()
boring ()
bright ()
busy ()
q
cheap ()
clean ()
close ()
cloudy ()
cold(thing) ()
cold ()
complicated ()
cool ()
cute ()
dangerous ()
dark ()
deep ()
q
delicious ()
APPENDIX 407
x x
x
408 APPENDIX
diligent ()
dirty ()
easy ()
expensive ()
far ()
fat ()
fine(weather) ()
fun ()
(enjoyable)
good ()
handsome + ()
happy ()
happy ()
q
hate/dislike ()
heavy ()
high ()
hot ()
hot (spicy) ()
q
hot ()
(temperature)
interesting ()
(fun )
APPENDIX 409
410 APPENDIX
lazy ()
light ()
long ()
low ()
narrow ()
noisy ()
numerous ()
old (people) + ()
old (thing) + () x
pretty ()
quick ()
quiet ()
q
sad ()
salty ()
shallow ()
short ()
sick ()
slim ()
APPENDIX 411
x x
412 APPENDIX
small ()
small ()
(quantity)
smart ()
strong ()
tall ()
q
tasteless ()
thick ()
thin (people) + ()
thin (thing) ()
q
thirsty ()
q
tired ()
ugly + ()
warm ()
weak ()
wide ()
young ()
APPENDIX 413
414 APPENDIX
bad ()
beautiful ()
big ()
boring ()
bright ()
busy ()
q
cheap ()
clean ()
close ()
cloudy ()
cold (thing) ()
q
cold ()
complicated ()
cool ()
cute ()
dangerous ()
dark ()
deep ()
q
delicious ()
APPENDIX 415
x x
x
416 APPENDIX
diligent ()
dirty ()
easy ()
expensive ()
far ()
fat ()
fine ()
(weather)
fun ()
(enjoyable)
good ()
handsome + ()
happy
()
happy ()
q
hate/dislike ()
heavy ()
high ()
hot ()
hot (spicy) ()
q
hot ()
(temperature)
q
interesting ()
(fun )
APPENDIX 417
418 APPENDIX
lazy ()
light ()
long () *
low ()
narrow ()
noisy ()
numerous ()
old (people) + ()
old (thing) + () x
pretty ()
quick ()
quiet ()
q
sad ()
salty ()
shallow ()
short ()
sick ()
slim ()
APPENDIX 419
x x
420 APPENDIX
small ()
small ()
(quantity)
smart ()
strong ()
tall ()
q
tasteless ()
thick ()
thin + ()
(people)
thin (thing) ()
q
thirsty ()
q
tired ()
ugly + ()
warm ()
weak ()
wide ()
young ()
APPENDIX 421
422 APPENDIX
bad
beautiful
big
boring
bright
busy
cheap
clean
close
cloudy
cold(thing)
cold
complicated
cool
cute
dangerous
dark
deep
delicious
APPENDIX 423
424 APPENDIX
diligent
dirty
easy
expensive
far
fat
fine(weather)
fun (enjoyable)
good
handsome +
happy
happy
hate/dislike
heavy
high
hot
hot (spicy)
hot (temperature)
interesting (fun )
APPENDIX 425
426 APPENDIX
lazy
light
long
low
narrow
noisy
numerous
quick
quiet
sad
salty
shallow
short
sick
slim
APPENDIX 427
* *
/
*
x x
428 APPENDIX
small
small (quantity)
smart
strong
tall
tasteless
thick
thin(people) +
thin(thing)
thirsty
tired
ugly +
warm
weak
wide
young
APPENDIX 429
430 APPENDIX
bad ()
beautiful ()
big ()
boring ()
bright ()
busy ()
cheap ()
clean ()
close ()
cloudy ()
cold(thing) ()
cold ()
complicated ()
cool ()
cute ()
dangerous ()
dark ()
deep ()
delicious ()
APPENDIX 431
diligent ()
dirty ()
easy ()
expensive ()
far ()
fat ()
fine(weather) ()
fun (enjoyable) ()
good ()
handsome + ()
happy ()
happy ()
hate/dislike ()
heavy ()
high ()
hot ()
hot (spicy) ()
hot (temperature) ()
interesting (fun ) ()
432 APPENDIX
lazy ()
light ()
long ()
low ()
narrow ()
noisy ()
numerous ()
old (people) + ()
old (thing) + ()
pretty ()
quick ()
quiet ()
sad ()
salty ()
shallow ()
short ()
sick ()
slim ()
APPENDIX 433
small ()
small (quantity) ()
smart ()
strong ()
tall ()
tasteless ()
thick ()
thin(people) + ()
thin(thing) ()
thirsty ()
tired ()
ugly + ()
warm ()
weak ()
wide ()
young ()
434 APPENDIX
bad () () ()
beautiful () () ()
big () () ()
boring () () ()
bright () () ()
busy () () ()
cheap () () ()
clean () () ()
close () () ()
cloudy () () ()
cold(thing) () () ()
cold () () ()
complicated () () ()
cool () () ()
cute () () ()
dangerous () () ()
dark () () ()
deep () () ()
delicious () () ()
APPENDIX 435
diligent () () ()
dirty () () ()
easy () () ()
expensive () () ()
far () () ()
fat () () ()
fine(weather) () () ()
fun (enjoyable) () () ()
good () () ()
handsome + () () ()
happy () () ()
happy () () ()
hate/dislike () () ()
heavy () () ()
high () () ()
hot () () ()
hot (spicy) () () ()
hot (temperature) () () ()
interesting (fun ) () () ()
436 APPENDIX
lazy () () ()
light () () ()
long () () ()
low () () ()
narrow () () ()
noisy () () ()
numerous () () ()
quick () () ()
quiet () () ()
sad () () ()
salty () () ()
shallow () () ()
short () () ()
sick () () ()
slim () () ()
APPENDIX 437
small () () ()
small (quantity) () () ()
smart () () ()
strong () () ()
tall () () ()
tasteless () () ()
thick () () ()
thin(people) + () () ()
thin(thing) () () ()
thirsty () () ()
tired () () ()
ugly + () () ()
warm () () ()
weak () () ()
wide () () ()
young () () ()
438 APPENDIX
bad () () ()
beautiful () () ()
big () () ()
boring () () ()
bright () () ()
busy () () ()
cheap () () ()
clean () () ()
close () () ()
cloudy () () ()
cold(thing) () () ()
cold () () ()
complicated () () ()
cool () () ()
cute () () ()
dangerous () () ()
dark () () ()
deep () () ()
delicious () () ()
APPENDIX 439
diligent () () ()
dirty () () ()
easy () () ()
expensive () () ()
far () () ()
fat () () ()
fine(weather) () () ()
fun (enjoyable) () () ()
good () () ()
handsome + () () ()
happy () () ()
happy () () ()
hate/dislike () () ()
heavy () () ()
high () () ()
hot () () ()
hot (spicy) () () ()
hot () () ()
(temperature)
interesting (fun ) () () ()
440 APPENDIX
lazy () () ()
light () () ()
long () () ()
low () () ()
narrow () () ()
noisy () () ()
numerous () () ()
quick () () ()
quiet () () ()
sad () () ()
salty () () ()
shallow () () ()
short () () ()
sick () () ()
slim () () ()
APPENDIX 441
small () () ()
small (quantity) () () ()
smart () () ()
strong () () ()
tall () () ()
tasteless () () ()
thick () () ()
thin(people) + () () ()
thin(thing) () () ()
thirsty () () ()
tired () () ()
ugly + () () ()
warm () () ()
weak () () ()
wide () () ()
young () () ()
442 APPENDIX
bad
beautiful
big
boring
bright
busy
cheap
clean
close
cloudy
cold(thing)
cold
complicated
cool
cute
dangerous
dark
deep
delicious
APPENDIX 443
diligent
dirty
easy
expensive
far
fat
fine(weather)
fun (enjoyable)
good
handsome +
happy
happy
hate/dislike
heavy
high
hot
hot (spicy)
hot (temperature)
interesting (fun )
444 APPENDIX
lazy
light
long
low
narrow
noisy
numerous
old (people) + /
old (thing) +
pretty
quick
quiet
sad
salty
shallow
short
sick
slim
APPENDIX 445
small
small
(quantity)
smart
strong
tall
tasteless
thick
thin(people) +
thin(thing)
thirsty
tired
ugly +
warm
weak
wide
young
446 APPENDIX
+ (honorific) .
+() (spoken) .
+ Possessive 's
Particle
Reasons because of
448 APPENDIX
Appendix 18:
Korean Editing Symbols & Handwriting Sheet
Add a space
or or
Delete a space
or or
Delete l
Insert or
or
Replace
Replace or
or
Change word
order
Cannot
understand
Surname: Given Names: page of
240 blocks
240 blocks