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  • Modeling of Faults and Abnormal Conditions For The Testing of Generator-Transformer Protective Relays

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    Modeling of Faults and Abnormal Conditions for the Testing of Generator-Transformer Protective Relays

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    Modeling of Faults and Abnormal Conditions for the Testing of Generator-Transformer Protective Relays

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    Modeling of Faults and Abnormal Conditions for the Testing of Generator-Transformer Protective Relays

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    11 views5 pages

    Modeling of Faults and Abnormal Conditions For The Testing of Generator-Transformer Protective Relays

    Uploaded by

    Rogelio Revetti
    Modeling of Faults and Abnormal Conditions for the Testing of Generator-Transformer Protective Relays

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Modeling of Faults and Abnormal Conditions for the Testing of Generator/Transformer Protective Relays W. Winkler P. Sowa A. Halinka Silesian Technical University of Gliwice 44-100 Gliwice, Poland _Abstract-Mathematical models of generator-transformer unit ‘connected with the power system via a transmission line are presented, which enable the simulation of faults and some fmtergency conditions, like : lss-oF-exctation and outotstep ‘operations Current and voltage signals, measured at relaying points of generator-ransformer units during these {isturbances, are determined. These signals can be wsed forthe ‘transient testing of respective protective relays or schemes. LL INTRODUCTION ‘Transient testing of modem protective relays andlor schemes by means of digital simulators [1] 2) (31 (41 requires adequate modeling of the actual power system. It is ‘obvious that the accuracy of the testis related directly to the ‘accuracy of the model of the given power system clement, i.e the generator, transformer, transmission line etc. On the other hand the precise representation of these elements leads to the increase of computational complexity and iterative calculations, which very often are redundant. Therefore, a compromise must be found between the acceptable degree of accuracy, calculation time and simplicity, depending on the type of simulation used, i, e. real or non-real time simulation, ‘This paper deals with the simulation of short-circuits inside and outside of generator-transformer units as well as such ‘This paper has been presented at the First International Conference on Digital Power System Simulators - ICDS "95, College Station, Texas, US.A., Apsil 5-7, 1995, abnormal conditions as loss-of excitations (loss-offield) and fout-ofstep operation. In consequence of a reasonable network reduction and simplification, acceptable primary current and voltage waveforms at the respective relaying points of the power unit, being the testing signals for either differential current, distance or loss-of-cxcitation and out-of- step relays, can be generated. It is evident that for the testing of differential current andior distance relays, the simulation of electromagnetic transients is of most’ interest, whereas loss-of-cxcitation andlor out-of-stop protective schemes nced the simulation of tlectromechanical transients, The operation time is in the first case in the order of several milliseconds, in the second ccase there are soconds between the inception and termination ofthe relay measuring time [5] Tl MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF THE MAIN ELEMENTS A, Basic Arrangement and Assumptions ‘The basic arrangement of the analyzed generator- transformer unit connected with the power system (PS) via a transmission line (L) is shown in Fig.1. Additionally to the primary circuit, the excitation system (ES), the voltage regulator (VR) and the speed governor (SG) of the turbine set (T-G) are included for the investigations related to clectromechanical transients, Tis assumed that the natural capacitances of the generator and transformer windings (i intersturn, mutual and to- ground capacitances) can be neglected, since they have no significant influence on the basic waveforms used for the {esting of the above mentioned protective relays. The same is valid for short transmission lines. ‘The representation of the power system (PS) in the electromagnetic transient fault simulation is realized by @ sty cB = Fig Bsc arangeent ofthe geeror rte simple equivalent networks presented in an earlier paper of| the authors [6 ‘The representation of the individual elements shown in Fig. 1. is given below. B. Generator Model For the determination of curremt and valtage waveforms at the relaying points A andior B during phase-to-phase faults the method of natural axes for the representation of the generator (G) has been chosen. Thus, without any additional transformation of co-ordinate axes circumscribing the generator unit, transformer (ST) and transmission line, enables an easy connection ofthe three primary elements ‘The correlation between the curcents and voltages in the ‘generator may be expressed for all possible conditions, i ‘normal operation, faults, and abnormal conditions (eg, foss- ‘of-excitation), by the following matrix equation ~VG>RG Ie (Lg Ie) a where Vo and Jz are the voltage and current phasors respectively, Rg is the matrix of the winding resistances, Zg is the matrix of self and mutual inductances, and s =

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