04. 89 Bài Tập Chuyên Đề Sự Điện Li - Có Lời Giải Chi Tiết

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Chuyn 3. S in li
Cu 1. [3.9] thi th THPTQG 2015 Khi THPT chuyn HSPHN ln 2
tch s ion ca nc cc nhit nh sau: 20 C , KH2O = 7,00.10-15; 25oC,
KH2O = 1,00 . 10-14, 30oC, KH2O = 1,5 . 10-14.
01
T cc s liu trn hy cho bit s in li ca nc
A: ta nhit B: thu nhit
oc
C: khng ta, khng thu nhit D: va ta, va thu nhit
iH
Phng trnh S2- + 2H+ H2S l phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng
Da
A: FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S
B: 2HClO3 + K2S 2KCl)3
hi
C: BaS + H2SO4 BaSO4 + H2S
D: 2NaHSO4 + Na2S 2Na2SO4 + H2S
nT
uO
Xt cc phn ng sau:
1, NH4Cl + NaOH NaCl + NH3 + H2O
ie
2, AlCl3 + 3NaAlO2 + 6H2O 4Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
3, CH3NH2 + H2O CH3NH3+ + OH-
iL
4, C2H5ONa + H2O C2H5OH + NaOH
Phn ng no l phn ng axit bazo ?
Ta
A: 1, 2 B: 1, 2 ,3 , 4 C: 1, 3 D: 1, 2 ,3
s/
Cu 4. [3. 23] thi th THPTQG 2015 Khi THPT chuyn HSPHN ln 2

Trn 3 dung dch H2SO4 0,1M; HNO3 0,2M; HCl 0,3M vi nhng th tch bng nhau, thu c dung
up
dch A. Ly 300 ml dung dch A cho phn ng vi V lt dung dch B gm NaOH 0,2M v KOH 0,29M
thu c dung dch C c pH = 2. Gi tr V l
ro
A: 0,214 lt B: 0,424 lt C: 0,134 lt D: 0,414 lt

/g
Cho dy cc cht: Ca(HCO3)2, NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3, ZnSO4, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2. Theo thuyt
om
bronstet, s cht trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l

A: 4 B: 3 C: 2 D:1
.c
Cu 6. [4.15] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Thi Nguyn ln 3

Cho cc phn ng sau :
ok
(1) Ca(OH)2 d + NaHCO3 ;

bo
(2) NaHCO3 d + Ca(OH)2 ;

(3) Ca(HCO3)2 d + NaOH
ce
(4) Ca(OH)2 + Ca(HCO3)2.

Nhng phn ng c phng trnh ion rt gn Ca2+ + HCO3- + OH- CaCO3 + H2O l:
fa
A.(2)(3)(4) B. (1)(2)(3)
w.
C.(1)(3)(4) D.(1)(2)(4)
Cu 7. [4.50] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Thi Nguyn ln 3
ww
Truy cp vo: http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn - Anh tt nht! 1/2
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Trn ln 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,01M v 200 ml HCl 0,02M thu c dung dch Y. Dung dch Y c
pH l:
A. 1,8 B.3,0 C. 4,2 D. 2.0
Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau:
(1) (NH4)2CO3 + CaCl2 (2) Na2CO3 + CaCl2
(3) (NH4)2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 (4) K2CO3 + Ca(NO3)2
(5) H2CO3 + CaCl2 (6) CO2 + Ca(OH)2
S phn ng c cng phng trnh ion thu gn Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3 l:
01
A. 5 B.3 C.4 D.6
Cu 9. [8. 32] thi th THPTQG 2015 Khi THPT chuyn HSPHN ln 6
oc
Trn 200 ml dung dch CaCl2 0,1M vi 200 ml dung dch Na2SO4 0,1M . Tnh s gam kt ta thu
iH
c bit rng trong dung dch sau phn ng tch s nng mol cc ion l [Ca2+].[SO42-] = 2,5.10-5.
A. 2,448 g B. 2,176 g C.2,72 g D. 2,04 g
Da
hi
Trong cc dung dch c cng nng l 0,1M sau y, dung dch c pH ln nht l: A.H2SO4
B.NaOH C.HCl D.Ba(OH)2
nT
Cu 11. [10.24] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn L T Trng Cn Th
Pht biu no sau y l ng?
uO
A. Dung dch HCl lm qu tm ha .
ie
B. CaCO3, HBr, K2S l nhng cht in ly yu.
C. Cht in ly l nhng cht tan trong nc to thnh dung dch dn in.
iL
D. Cc cht cha lin kt cng ha tr u khng phi l cht in ly.
Cu 12. [10.26] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn L T Trng Cn Th
Ta
Dung dch X gm 0,25 mol Ba2+; 1,3 mol Na+; a mol OH v b mol Cl. Cho 400 ml dung dch Y
(gm H2SO4 0,25M; HCl 0,25M v ZnSO4 1M) vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu
s/
c kt ta G. Nung ton b G n khi lng khng i thu c 69,59 gam cht rn H. Gi tr ca

up
b l
A. 0,58 hoc 1,62. B. 0,18 hoc 0,58. C. 1,52 hoc 0,48. D. 0,18 hoc 1,22.
ro
Cu 13. [11.11] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Bn Tre

Trn 250 ml dung dch HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch NaOH a (M), c 500 ml
/g
dung dch c pH = 12 . Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,0225M B. 0,02M. C. 0,25M. D. 0,12M
om
Cu 14. [12.20] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn H Vinh ln 3

.c
Vi dung mi l H2O th cht no sau y khng phi l cht in li ?

A. CH3COONa. B. Na2SO4.
ok
C. HCl. D. C6H12O6 (glucoz).

bo
Mt dung dch cha hai cation l Al3+ (0,2 mol )v Fe2+ (0,1 mol ).Trong dung dch trn cn cha hai
ce
anion l Cl- (x mol) v SO42- (y mol ). Tm x v y bit rng c cn dung dch trn thu c 46,9 gam
hn hp mui khan .
fa
A.0,2 v 0,3
B. 0,3 v 0,2
w.
C. 0,6 v 0,1
ww
D.0,5 v 0,15
Cu 16 (14.12) thi th THPTQG 2015 Khi THPT chuyn HSPHN ln 5
Cho cc dung dch c nng mol/l : NaHCO3 (1) ; Na2CO3 (2) ; NaCl(3) ; NaOH (4). pH ca cc
dung dch tng theo th t l
A. (1)(2)(3)(4).
B. (3)(1)(2)(4).
C. (2)(3)(4)(1).
D. (3)(1)(4)(1).
Cu 17(15.34): thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT o Duy T - ln 5
Cho cc dung dch c cng nng mol l NaOH, NaCl, Ba(OH)2 , CH3COONa c gi tr pH tng
ng l a,b,c,d. Nhn xt no sau y l ng?
A. a > b > c > d B. d > a > c > b
01
C. c > b > a > d D. c > a > d > b
oc
Cu 18(16.8) thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Hunh Mn t
Nhn xt no ng khi in phn dung dch cha hn hp HCl v H2SO4?
iH
A. pH dung dch gim dn trong sut qu trnh in phn.
B. pH dung dch tng ln n gi tr nht nh ri khng thay i na
Da
C. pH dung dch gim xung n gi tr nht nh ri tng ln
hi
D. pH dung dch tng dn n gi tr nht nh ri gim xung
Cu 19 (16.27) thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Hunh Mn t
nT
Mt dung dch c cha HCO3-; 0,2 mol Ca2+; 0,8 mol Na+; 0,1 mol Mg2+; 0,8 mol Cl-. C cn cn
uO
thn dung dch th lng mui khan thu c l:
A. 75,2 gam B. 72,5 gam C. 96,6 gam D. 118,8 gam
ie
Cu 20 (17.14). thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Nguyn Hu - ln 2
Dung dch X gm CH3COOH 0,03M v CH3COONa 0,01M. Bit 250C; Ka ca CH3COOH l
iL
1,75.10-5; b qua s phn li ca nc. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X 250C l:
A. 4,28 B. 4,04 C. 4,76 D. 6,28
Ta
Cu 21 [17.25] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Nguyn Hu - ln 2

s/
Cho cc cht: NaOH; HF; C6H5ONa; CH3COOH; C2H5OH, C12H22O11 (saccarozo); HCOONa; NaCl,
H2SO4; C3H5(OH)3. S cht in ly v cht in li mnh l:
up
A. 8 v 6 B. 7 v 5 C. 7 v 6 D. 8 v 5
Cu 22 [19.7]. thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn KHTN ln 4
ro
Chia dung dch A cha cc ion Fe3+; NH 4 ; SO 24 v Cl- thnh hai phn bng nhau.
/g
Phn 1 cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, thu dc 1,07 gam kt ta v 0,672 lt kh
(ktc).
om
Phn 2 cho tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 d, thu c 4,66 gam kt ta. Tng khi lng mui khan
.c
thu c khi c cn cn thn dung dch A l:

A. 3,73 gam B. 4,76gam C. 6,92gam D. 7,46gam
ok
Cu 23 [20.3] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn L Qu n ln 1

Dung dch X cha 0,1 mol Ca 2 ; 0,3 mol Mg 2 ; 0,4 mol Cl v a mol HCO3 . un dung dch X n
bo
c cn thu c mui khan c khi lng l

ce

Cu 24 [21.5] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn H Giang ln 2
fa
Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau:

(1) (NH4)2SO4 + BaCl2 (2) CuSO4 + Ba(NO3)2
w.
(3) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 (4) H2SO4 + BaSO3

ww
(5) (NH4)2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 (6) Fe2(SO4)3 + Ba(NO3)2

Cc phn ng u c cng mt phng trnh ion rt gn l:
A. (1), (3), (5), (6) B. (1), (2), (3), (6) C. (3), (4), (5), (6) D. (2), (3), (4), (6)
Trong s cc dung dch: Na2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, NH4Cl, NaHSO4, C6H5ONa, nhng dung
dch c pH > 7 l
A. NH4Cl, CH3COONa, NaHSO4 B. Na2CO3, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa
C. KCl, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa D. Na2CO3, NH4Cl, KCl
Cht no sau y khi cho vo nc khng lm thay i pH ca dung dch?
A. NH4Cl B. HCl C. Na2CO3 D. Na2SO4
Cu 27[ 21.45] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn H Giang ln 2
Trn ln V(ml) dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi V(ml) dung dch HCl 0,03M thu c 2V (ml) dung dch
01
Y. Dung dch Y c pH l:
oc
A. 4 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
Cu 28 [22.8] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn H Vinh ln 2
iH
X l dung dch cha H2SO4 1M v HCl 1M. Y l dung dch cha NaOH 1M v KOH 1M. Trn V1 lt
dung dch X vi V2 lt dung dch Y n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 1 lt dung dch Z
Da
c pH = 13. Khi c cn ton b dung dch Z th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan?
A. 90.11 B. 75.31 C. 68.16 D. 100.37
hi
nT
Cho cc dung dch sau: NaHCO3 , NaHSO4 ; NaF ; BaCl2 ; NaNO2 ; CH3COONa, c bao nhiu dung
dch c pH > 7
uO
A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 4
Cu 30 [23.4] thi th THPTQG 2015 Khi THPT chuyn HSPHN ln 4
ie
Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau: iL
(1) (NH4)2CO3 + CaCl2 (2) Na2CO3 + CaCl2 (3) (NH4)2CO3 + Ca(OH)2
(4) K2CO3 + Ca(NO3)2 (5) H2CO3 + CaCl2 (6) CO2 + Ca(OH)2
Ta
S phn ng c 1 phng trnh ion rt gn: Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3 l:

A.4 B.3 C.5 D.6
s/
Cu 31 [24.33] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Nguyn Bnh Khim Qung Nam
Dung dch mui no di no di y c pH > 7 ?
up
A. NaHSO4. B. NaNO3. C. NaHCO3. D. (NH4)2SO4.

ro
Cu 32 [25.24] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Nguyn Hu - ln 3

Trn 2 dung dch: Ba(HCO3)2 ; NaHSO4 c cng nng mol/l vi nhau theo t l th tch 1: 1 thu
/g
c kt ta X v dung dch Y. Hy cho bit cc ion c mt trong dung dch Y. ( B qua s thy phn
ca cc ion v s in ly ca nc).
om
A. Na+, HCO3- v SO42- B. Ba2+, HCO3- v Na+ C. Na+ v SO42- D. Na+,

HCO3 -
.c
Cu 33 [29.18] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Sng L

ok
Dung dch E cha cc ion Mg2+, SO42-, NH4+, Cl-. Chia dung dch E ra 2 phn bng nhau: Cho phn I
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, c 0,58 gam kt ta v 0,672 lit kh (ktc). Phn II tc
bo
dng vi dung dch BaCl2 d, c 4,66 gam kt ta. Tng khi lng cc cht tan trong dung dch E
bng
ce
A. 3,055g. B. 9,165g. C. 5,35g. D. 6,11g.

fa

Cho a mol Mg v b mol Zn vo dung dch cha c mol Cu2+ v d mol Ag+. Sau khi phn ng kt thc
w.
thu c dung dch cha 2 ion kim loi. iu kin v b (so vi a,c,d) c kt qu ny l:
A. b < a - d/2 B. b < c - a +d/2 C. b > c - a D. b > c - a + d/2
ww

Dy cht no sau y, trong nc u l cht in li yu ?
A. H2S, H2SO3, H2SO4, NH3. B. H2CO3, H3PO4, CH3COOH, Ba(OH)2.
C. H2S, CH3COOH, HClO, NH3. D. H2CO3, H2SO3, HClO, Al2(SO4)3.
Mt dd c cha cc ion: Mg2+ (0,05 mol), K+ (0,15 mol), NO3- (0,1 mol), v SO42- (x mol). Gi tr ca
x l
A. 0,05. B. 0,075. C. 0,1. D. 0,15.
Cu 37[ 30.11] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn L Khit
Dung dch X cha 0,025 mol CO32-; 0,1 mol Na+; 0,3 mol Cl-; cn li l ion NH4+. Cho 270 ml dung
dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M vo dung dch X v un nng nh. Hi sau khi phn ng kt thc, tng khi lng
hai dung dch sau phn ng gim bao nhiu gam ? (gi s hi nc bay hi khng ng k).
A. 6,761 gam B. 4,925 gam C. 6,825 gam. D. 12,474 gam
01
Cu 38 [32.24 ] thi th THPTQG 2015 Khi THPT chuyn HSPHN ln 3
oc
trn 200 ml dung dch CaCl2 0,1 M vi 200ml dung dch Na2SO4 0,1M . Tnh s gam kt ta thu
c bit rng trong dung dch sau phn ng tch s nng mol/l cc ion :[Ca2+]. [SO42-]= 2,5.10-5 l
iH
A.2,72 gam B. 2,448gam C. 2,176gam D. 2.04 gam
Cu 39 [32.46] thi th THPTQG 2015 Khi THPT chuyn HSPHN ln 3
Da
Trn 100ml dung dch hn hp gm H2SO4 0,05 M v HCl 0,1 M vi 100ml dung dch hn hp gm
NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH) 2 0,1M thu c dung dch X . Dung dch X c pH l
hi
A .13 B.1,2 C. 1 D.12,8
nT
Cu 40 [33.35] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Nguyn Trung Thin
Dung dch Y gm Al3+; Fe2+; 0,05 mol Na+; 0,1 mol SO42; 0,15 mol Cl. Cho V lit dung dch NaOH
uO
1M, vo dung dch Y thu c kt ta ln nht th gi tr V l
A. 0,40. B. 0,25. C. 0,35. D. 0,30.
ie
Cu 41 [34.36] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Qung Xng 3.
iL
Dung dch X cha cc ion: Ca2+, Na+, HCO3- v Cl-, trong s mol ca ion Cl- l 0,1 mol. Cho 1/2
dung dch X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 2 gam kt ta. Cho 1/2 dung dch X cn li
Ta
phn ng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 3 gam kt ta. Hi nu un si n cn dung dch X th

thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan?
s/

up
Mt dung dch cha cc ion: x mol Mg2+, y mol K+, z mol Cl-
ro
v t mol SO42- . Biu thc lin h gia x, y, z, t l

A. 2x + 2t = y + z. B. x + y = z + t.
/g
C. x + 2y = 2z + t. D. 2x + y = z + 2t.
Cu 43 [36.33] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Tuyn Quang
om
Dung dch X cha 5 loi ion Mg2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, 0,5 mol Cl v 0,3 mol NO3 . Thm t t dung dch Y
.c
cha hn hp K2CO3 1M v Na2CO3 1,5M vo dung dch X n khi c lng kt ta ln nht th th

tch dung dch Y cn dng l :
ok
A. 160 ml. B. 600 ml. C. 320 ml. D. 480ml.

Cu 44 [37.13] Trong s cc dung dch: KHCO3, NaCl, C2H5COONa, NH4NO3, NaHSO4, C6H5ONa,
bo
nhng dung dch c pH > 7 l

A. NaCl, C6H5ONa, C2H5COONa. B. NH4NO3, C2H5COONa, NaHSO4.
ce
C. KHCO3, NH4NO3, NaCl. D. KHCO3, C6H5ONa, C2H5COONa.

fa
Cu 45 [37.28] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT H Ni Amsterdam

Mt dung dch cha x mol Mg2+, y mol Na+, 0,02 mol Cl v 0,025 mol SO42. Tng khi lng cc mui tan c
w.
trong dung dch l 4,28 gam. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt l (Cho O = 16; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Cu = 64)
A. 0,03 v 0,01. B. 0,015 v 0,04. C. 0,02 v 0,03. D. 0,02 v 0,05.
ww
Cu 46 [37.50] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT H Ni Amsterdam

Dy gm cc ion cng tn ti trong mt dung dch l
A. K+,Ba2+,OH,Cl B. Al3+,PO43,Cl, Ba2+
C. Na+ ,K+,OH,HCO3 D. Ca2+,Cl,Na+,CO32
Cho cc dung dch c cng nng : Na2CO3 (1), H2SO4 (2), HCl (3), KNO3 (4).
Gi tr pH ca cc dung dch c sp xp theo chiu tng t tri sang phi l:
A. (3), (2), (4), (1). B. (4), (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (2), (3), (4). D. (2), (3), (4), (1).
Cu 48 [39.16] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Sn Ty
Dung dch HCl v dung dch CH3COOH c cng nng mol/l, pH ca hai dung dch tng ng l x
v y. Quan h gia x v y l (gi thit, c 100 phn t CH3COOH th c 1 phn t in li)
A. y = 100x. B. y = 2x. C. y = x - 2. D. y = x + 2.
01
Cu 49 [39.35] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Sn Ty
Cho a mol Al vo dd cha b mol Fe3+ v c mol Cu2+. Kt thc phn ng thu c 2 kim loi. Kt lun
oc
no sau y l ng?
A. b + 2c < 3a 3b + 2c B. b + 2c 3a 3b + 2c
iH
C. 2b + 2c < 3a 3b + 2c D. 2c/3 a 2(b + c)/3
Da
Cu [40.13.] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Thng Long
Cp cht no sau y cng tn ti trong mt dung dch?
hi
A. NaHCO3 v BaCl2 B. AgNO3 v Fe(NO3)2
C. NaHSO4 v NaHCO3 D. Ca(HCO3)2 v NaHSO4
nT
Cu 50 [40.19]. thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Thng Long
Trn 3 dung dch H2SO4 0,1M; HNO3 0,2M; HCl 0,3M vi nhng th tch bng nhau thu c dung
uO
dch X. Ly 300ml dung dch X cho phn ng vi V lt dung dch Y gm NaOH 0,2M v KOH 0,29M
ie
thu c dung dch Z c pH = 2. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,214 B. 0,424 C. 0,134 D. 0,08
iL
Cu 51[ 41.7] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Lam Kinh - Thanh Ha
Phn ng c phng trnh ion rt gn: HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O l
Ta
A.2NaHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O.

s/
B.2NaHCO3 + 2KOH Na2CO3 + K2CO3 + 2H2O

C.NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O.
up
D.Ca(HCO3)2 + 2NaOH CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O.

Cu 52 [42.43] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT on Thng - Hi Dng
ro
Cho cc phn ng sau: (1) BaCO3 + dung dch H2SO4; (2) dung dch Na2CO3 + dung dch FeCl2; (3)
dung dch Na2CO3 + dung dch CaCl2; (4) dung dch NaHCO3 + dung dch Ba(OH)2; (5) dung dch
/g
(NH4)2SO4 + dung dch Ba(OH)2; (6) dung dch Na2S + dung dch CuSO4. S phn ng to ng thi
om
c kt ta v kh bay ra l
A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.
.c
Cu 53 [43.17.] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Vnh Bo

Cho ba dd c cng gi tr pH, cc dd c sp xp theo th t nng mol tng dn l:
ok
A. NH 3 , NaOH, Ba(OH) 2 B. NH 3 , Ba(OH) 2 , NaOH

bo
C. NaOH, NH 3 , Ba(OH) 2 D. Ba(OH) 2 , NaOH, NH 3

Cu 54 [43.46.] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Vnh Bo
ce
Cho cc cht di y: HNO3, NaOH, Ag2SO4, NaCl, H2SO3, CuSO4, . Cc cht in li mnh l:
fa
A. Ag2SO4, NaCl, CuSO4, H2S B. NaOH, Ag2SO4, NaCl, H2SO3,H2S.

C. NaCl, H2SO3, CuSO4 D. HNO3, NaOH, NaCl,
w.
CuSO4, Ag2SO4
Cu 55 [44.13] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Phan Bi Chu
ww
Khi thm t t nc vo mt cc ng dung dch CH3COOH th

(1): s phn t CH3COOH khng thay i.
(2): in li ca CH3COOH s tng ln.
(3): dn in ca dung dch s tng ln.
(4): pH ca dung dch s khng thay i.
(5): cn bng s dch chuyn theo chiu lm to thm ion CH3COO.
Chn ng trong 5 trn.
A. (2), (4), (5). B. (1), (2), (4). C. (2), (5). D. (2), (3), (5).
Mt dung dch c cha cc ion: Mg2+, Na+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Ba2+, NO3-,Cl-. nhn ra s c mt ca
ion Fe2+ trong dung dch, ngi ta c th dng cht no sau y?
A. NaOH. B. NH3 . C. Na2CO3. D.
HCl
01
Cu 57 [46.22] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Phan Thit
oc
Hn hp dung dch HNO3 0,04M v H2SO4 0,03M (coi H2SO4 in li hon ton) c pH l:
A. 1 B. 2 B. 3 D. 4
iH
Cu 58 [46.42] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Phan Thit
lm mm mt mu nc cng cha x mol Mg2+, y mol Ca2+ v 0,06 mol HCO3-, ngi ta phi
Da
dng mt th tch va dung dch no di y:
A. 15 ml dung dch Na2CO3 2M B. 30ml dung dch HCl 2M
hi
C. 20ml dung dch NaCl 1M D. 10ml dung dch Na3PO4 1M
nT
Cu 59[48 .39] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Quang Trung
Dung dch X cha 0,07mol Na+, x mol SO42 , 0,01 mol OH-. Dung dch Y cha y mol H+, z mol Ba 2
uO
, 0,02mol NO3 . Trn X vi Y, sau khi phn ng xong c 500ml dung dch c pH = 2 v thu c m
ie
gam kt ta. Tnh m
A. 0,5825g B. 3,495g C. 0,345g D. 6,99g
iL
Cu 60 [49.13] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Nguyn Th Minh Khai
Ta
Dung dch X gm 0,1 mol Na+; 0,3 mol H+; 0,2 mol Fe3+ v x mol SO42-. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 d
vo X n phn ng ha ton, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
s/
A. 140,2. B. 137,9. C. 116,5 D. 114,6.

Cu 61 [49.19] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Nguyn Th Minh Khai
up
Dung dch no sau y c [H+] bng 0,1M?

A. Dung dch NaOH 0,1M. B. Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M.
ro
C. Dung dch HCl 0,1M. D. Dung dch H2SO4 0,1M

/g
Cu 62 [50.8] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT C Huy Cn H Tnh

Trn 200 mL dung dch HCl 1,25M vi 300 mL dung dch NaOH 1M thu c 500 mL dung dch
om
pH l:
A. 12,3 B. 0,7 C. 1,0 D. 13,0
.c

ok
Dung dch X cha 0,1 mol Na+; 0,3 mol Mg2+; 0,4 mol Cl- v a mol SO42-. un dung dch X n
cn thu c mui khan c khi lng l:
bo
A. 52,5 gam. B. 38,1 gam. C. 47,2 gam. D. 36,8 gam.

ce

Phn ng no sau y c phng trnh ion thu gn dng: 2H+ + CO32- CO2 + H2O
fa
A. K2CO3 + 2HNO3 2KNO3 + CO2 + H2O

w.
B. CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

C. Na2CO3 + CH3COOH 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O
ww
D. 2NaHCO3 + H2SO4 (long) Na2SO4 + 2CO2 + 2H2O

Cu65 [51.1] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Yn Lc
Trong cc cp cht cho di y, cp cht no c th cng tn ti trong mt dung dch ?

A. NaCl v AgNO3. B. NaAlO2 v HCl.
C. NaHSO4 v NaHCO3. D. AlCl3 v CuSO4.
Cu 66 [51.10] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Yn Lc

Theo Bronstet ion no sau y l lng tnh?
1. PO43- 2. CO32- 3. HSO3- 4. HCO3- 5. HPO32-
A. 3, 4, 5. B. 1, 2, 5. C. 2, 4, 5. D. 1, 4, 5.
01
Dy cht no sau y, trong nc u l cht in li yu ?
oc
A. H2CO3, H2SO3, HClO, Al2(SO4)3. B. H2S, CH3COOH, HClO, NH3.
C. H2CO3, H3PO4, CH3COOH, Ba(OH)2. D. H2S, H2SO3, H2SO4, NH3.
iH
Da
Dung dch X gm 0,1 mol K+; 0,2 mol Mg2+; 0,1 mol Na+; 0,2 mol Cl v a mol Y2- . C cn dung dch
X, thu c m gam mui khan. Ion Y2- ph hp v gi tr ca m l
hi
A. CO32- v 30,1. B. CO32- v 42,1. C. SO42- v 56,5. D. SO42- v 37,3.
nT
Trong s cc cht sau: HNO2, CH3COOH, KMnO4, C6H6, HCOOH, HCOOCH3, C6H12O6, C2H5OH,
uO
SO2, Cl2, NaClO, CH4, NaOH, NH3 , H2S. S cht thuc loi cht in li l
A. 7. B. 8. C. 9. D. 10.
ie
Mt cc dung dch cha cc ion: a mol Na+, b mol Al3+, c mol SO42-, d mol Cl-. Biu thc lin h
iL
a,b,c,d, l
Ta
A. a + 3b = c + d B. a + 3b = 2c + d C. a +2b = c +d D. a +2b = c + 2d
Cu 71 [52.15] thi th THPTQG 2015 Trung tm luyn thi Nam Thi
s/
Dung dch A cha cc cation gm Mg2+, Ba2+, Ca2+ v cc anion gm Cl- v NO3-. Thm t t dung
dch Na2CO3 1M vo dung dch A cho ti khi lng kt ta thu c ln nht th dng li, lc ny
up
ngi o c lng dung dch Na2CO3 dng l 250ml. Tng s mol cc anion c trong dung dch
ro
A l:
A. 0,25 B. 0,75 C. 0,5 D. 1,0
/g
Cu 72 [54.6] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT ng Lc

C 4 dung dch trong sut, mi dung dch ch cha mt loi cation v mt loi anion. Cc loi ion
om
trong c 4 dung dch gm Ba2+, Mg2+, Pb2+, Na+, SO4 2-, Cl-, CO32-, NO3-. l 4 dung dch
A .BaCl2, MgSO4, Na2CO3, Pb(NO3)2. B.BaCO3,MgSO4,NaCl,Pb(NO3)2.
.c
C .Ba(NO3)2, PbCl2, MgSO4, Na2CO3 D.Mg(NO3)2, BaCl2, Na2CO3, PbSO4

ok
Cu 73 [54.50] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT ng Lc

Dung dch X c cha :0,1 mol Ca2+;0,3mol Mg2+; 0,4 mol Cl- v a mol HCO3- .C cn X nhit cao
bo
n khi lng khng i, c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l

A.28,6 B. 37,4 C . 49,8 D . 30,5
ce
Cu 74 [55.22] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT a Phc

fa
Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H2SO4 0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm
NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M, thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l
w.
A. 13,0. B. 1,2. C. 1,0. D. 12,8.

Cu 75 [55.37] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT a Phc
ww
Cho cc cp cht sau:

(I) Na2CO3 + BaCl2 (II) (NH4)2CO3 + Ba(NO3)2
(III) Ba(HCO3)2 + K2CO3 (IV) BaCl2 + MgCO3

Nhng cp cht khi phn ng c cng phng trnh ion thu gn l:
A. (I), (II) B. (I), (III), (IV) C. (I), (II), (III) D. (I), (IV)
Cu 76 [57.12] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Qunh Lu 1
Cho cc cht sau: CuSO4, CH2Cl2, KCl, HF, CH3COOH, CH3COONa, C6H6, C2H5OH
S cht in li mnh l:
A. 4 B. 6 C. 5 D. 3
Cu 77 [57.49] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Qunh Lu 1
01
Cho axit oxalic (C2H2O4) tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 to kt ta Barioxalat. Phng trnh ion thu gn ca
phn ng ny l?
oc
A. 2C2H2O4 + Ba2+ + 2OH- Ba(C2HO4)2 + 2H2O
iH
B. C2H2O4 + 2OH- C2O4 2 + 2H2O
C. C2H2O4 + Ba2+ + 2OH-
BaC2O4 + 2H2O
Da
D. H+ + OH- H2O
hi
Cu 78 [58.5] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Nguyn Thi Hc Vnh Phc
Trn 400 ml dung dch X cha Na+, K+ v x mol OH (tng s mol Na+ v K+ l 0,06) vi 600 ml dung
nT
dch Y cha 0,01 mol SO24 , 0,03 mol Cl, y mol H+. pH ca dung dch thu c sau phn ng l
uO
A. 1,0. B. 12,0. C. 2,0. D. 13,0.
Cu 79 [58.27] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Nguyn Thi Hc Vnh Phc
ie
Cho cc cht: NaOH, HF, HBr, CH3COOH, C2H5OH, C12H22O11(saccaroz), CH3COONa, NaCl,
iL
NH4NO3. Tng s cht thuc cht in li v cht in li mnh l
A. 8 v 6 B. 8 v 5 C. 7 v 5 D. 7 v 6
Ta
Cu 80[ 59.3]Mt dung dch X gm 0,02 mol Na ; 0,01 mol Ca ; 0,02 mol HCO3 v a mol ion X (b
+ 2+
qua s in li ca nc). Ion X v gi tr ca a l

s/
A. OH v 0,02 B. Cl v 0,02 C. NO3 v 0,01 D. CO32 v 0,01

up
Cu 81[ 59.20] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT inh Chng Dng

Phng trnh in li no di y vit khng ng ?
ro
A. Na3PO4 3Na+ + PO43- . B. CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+ .

/g
C. HCl H + Cl .
+ - D. H3PO4 3H+ + 3PO43- .
Cu 82[60.6 ] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Hn Thuyn
om
Cc ion no sau y c th tn ti trong cng mt dung dch?

A . Ag+, Fe2+, NO3-, SO42- B . Fe2+, NO3-, Cl-, H+
.c
2+ + -
C . Ba , Na , HSO4 , OH - D. Cu2+, Fe3+, SO42-, NO3-
ok
Cu 83 [60.37 ] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Hn Thuyn

Thm nc vo 10 ml axit axetic bng ( axit 100%, D=1,05g/cm3) n th tch 1,75 lt 250C thu c
bo
dung dch X c pH=2,9. in li ca axit axetic l?

A . 0,09% B. 1,26% C . 2,5% D. 0,126%
ce

Cho a lt dung dch KOH c pH = 12,0 vo 8,00 lt dung dch HCl c pH = 3,0 thu c dung dch Y
fa
c pH = 11,0. Gi tr ca a l:
w.
A. 1,60 B. 1,78 C. 0,80 D. 0,12

Cu 85 [63.41] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn KHTN ln 1
ww
Bit rng A l dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 v B l dung dch H2SO4 c pH=2. phn ng va vi
V1 lt dung dch A cn V2 lt dung dch B. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l:
A. V1 = V2 B. V1= 2V2. C. V2= 2V1. D. V2= 10V1

Cu 86 [64.30] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Nguyn Hu ln 1
Trn 250ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,08M vi 250ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 x M.Thu c m gam
kt ta v 500ml dd c pH=12. Gi tr ca m v x ln lt l
A: 1,165 gam v 0,04M B: 0,5825 v 0,03M
C: 0,5825 v 0,06M D: 1,165 gam v 0,05M
Cu 87 [64.35:] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Nguyn Hu ln 1
Cho cc ion Fe3+, Ag+, Na+, NO3-, OH-, Cl-. Cc ion no sau y tn ti ng thi trong dung dch?
01
A: Ag+, Na+, NO3-, Cl- B: Fe3+, Na+, NO3-, OH-
C: Fe3+, Na+, Cl-, OH- D: Na+, Fe3+, Cl-, NO3-
oc
Cu 88 [65.17] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn H Long
Cho 2 lt dung dch KOH c pH=13 vo 3 dung dch HCl c pH= 2 n phn ng hon ton thu c
iH
dung dch Y. Gi tr pH ca dung dch Y l
Da
A. 3,20 B. 12,53 C. 11,57 D. 2,40
Cu 89[65.26] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn H Long
hi
Dung dch X gm 0,1 mol H+, z mol Al3+, t mol NO3- v 0,02 mol SO42-. Cho 120ml dung dch Y gm
KOH 1,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M vo X, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 3,732 gam kt ta. Gi tr
nT
ca z,t ln lt l
uO
A. 0,020 v 0,012 B.0,020 v 0,120 C. 0,120 v 0,020 D. 0,012 v 0,096
ie
iL
P N CHUYN : S IN LI
Ta
Cu 3.9: Ta thy cng tng nhit , tch s ion tng

s/
up
=> qu trnh in li thu nhit (thu nhit => to ra nhiu ion H+ v OH- hn => tng tch s ion)
ro
=> p n B
/g
Cu 3.12: Cu 3.17: A v C c BaS, FeS l cht rn => phi cho vo pt ion rt gn

om
B c HClO3 in ly yu => cng phi cho vo pt

.c
=> p n D
ok
Cu 3. 23: 300 ml dung dch A c 0,07 mol H+, dung dch B c 0,49V mol OH-.
bo
Ta c pH = 2 nn sau phn ng H+ cn d v nng H= l 0,01

ce
=> 0,01 = (0,07 - 0,49V)/(V + 0,3) => V = 0,134 lt

fa
=> p n C
w.
Cu 3.42: Cc cht lng tnh gm Ca(HCO3)2, (NH4)2CO3, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2.

ww
=> p n A
Cu 4.15. Cc phn ng c phng trnh ion rt gn l : (1) ; (3) ; (4)
=>C
Cu 4.50. C nNaOH = 0,001 mol ; nHCl = 0,004 mol
=> nHCl d = 0,003 mol
=> CM (HCl) = 0,01 M
01
oc
=> pH = -log[H+] = 2
iH
=>D
Da
Cu 6.47: C 3 phn ng tha mn : (1) ; (2) ; (4)
hi
=> B
Cu 8. 32: C nCaCl2 = nCa2+ = 0,02 mol ; nNa2SO4 = nSO42- = 0,02 mol
nT
Khi phn ng to ra CaSO4 th 1 phn CaSO4 tan chuyn dch theo cn bng:
uO
ie
+/ CaSO4 Ca2+ + SO42- v tch s tan = [Ca2+].[SO42-] = 2,5.10-5.
iL
=> Gi s lng CaSO4 tan l S M => tch s tan = S2 = 2,5.10-5
Ta
=> S = 0,005 M => nCaSO4 tan = 0,002 mol

s/
M nCaSO4 to ra = 0,02 mol => nCaSO4 kt ta = 0,02 0,002 = 0,018 mol

up
=> mkt ta = 2,448 g

ro
=>=>A
/g
Cu 8.43 Dung dch c pH ln nht l dung dch phn li ra nhiu OH- nht
om
=> l Ba(OH)2
.c
=>D
ok
Cu 10.24: A. ng
bo
B. Sai. Cc mui d t tan nhng phn t tan vn hn ly hon ton trong dung dch => C 3 cht
ce
u in ly mnh
fa
C. Sai. Cht in ly l nhng cht m phn t khi ha tan vo nc phn li thnh ion
w.
D. Sai. V d nh HCl cng cha lin kt cng ha tr nhng l cht in ly mnh

ww
=>A
Cu 10.26: Xt X : bo ton in tch : 0,25.2 + 1,3 = a + b = 1,8 mol
Xt Y : nSO4 = 0,5 mol ; nH+ = 0,3 mol ; nZn2+ = 0,4 mol
Khi cho X + Y => nBaSO4 = nBa2+ = 0,25 mol
Sau khi nung thu c H
=> mH = mBaSO4 + mZnO
01
=> nZnO = nZn(OH)2 = 0,14 mol < nZn2+
oc
iH
+/ TH1: to kt ta ; kt ta khng tan:
Da
=> OH- ht
hi
=> a = nH+ + 2nZn(OH)2 = 0,58 mol
nT
=> b = 1,22 mol
uO
( ngay t ay c th chn p n D )
ie
+/ TH2 : kt ta tan 1 phn iL
=> a = nH+ + 4nZn2+ - 2nZn(OH)2 = 1,62 mol
Ta
=> b = 0,18 mol

s/
=>D
up
Cu 11.11: Ta c : nH+ = 2nHCl + 2nH2SO4 = 0,025 mol

ro
nOH- = 0,25a mol

/g
om
=>Do pH = 12 => OH- d => nOH- d = 0,5. 10-2 = 0,005 mol = nOH- - nH+
.c
=> a = 0,12 M
ok
=>D
bo
Cu 12.20: Cht khng in li l C6H12O6 (glucoz) , ngoi ra c este, xeton, andehit

=> p n D
ce
Cu 14.9: Bo ton in tch : 3.0,2 + 2.0,1 = x + 2y

fa
C mmui = 27.0,2 + 56.0,1 + 35,5x + 96y = 46,9g

w.
=>x= 0,2 mol ; y= 0,3 mol

ww
=>A
Cu 14.12: NaOH l bazo mnh nn n c pH ln nht
NaHCO3 v Na2CO3 u l mui ca axit yu v bazo mnh nn khi thy phn cho mi trng kim
=> pH > 7
NaCl l mui to bii axit mnh v bazo mnh => pH=7
Sp xp theo th t
01
=>B
oc
Cu 15.34 D
iH
Cu 16.8: Do ch c H+ v Cl- b in phn to H2 nn nng H+ trong dung dch gim dn
Da
=> pH dung dch tng ln. Sau khi nc b in phn th d s mol H+ vn khng i nhng nng
hi
tng do lng nc gim => pH tng
nT
=>D
uO
Cu 16.27: C cn : 2HCO3- CO32- + CO2 + H2O
ie
Bo ton in tch: n HCO3- = 0,6 mol => n CO32- = 0,3 mol
iL
=> to 0,1 mol MgCO3 v 0,2 mol CaCO3
Ta
=> dung dch cn 0,8 mol NaCl

s/
up
=> m mui khan = m NaCl + m MgCO3 + m CaCO3 = 75,2g

ro
=>A
/g
Cu 17.14.
om
y l dung dch m nn ta c CT tnh nhanh : pH = pKa + log(Cb/Ca)

.c
(Ca l nng mol ca axit ; Cb l nng mol ca mui)

ok
=> pH = 4,28
bo
=>A
ce
Cu 17.25. Cc cht khng in li l saccarose ; glixerol ; ancol etylic=> c 7 cht in li

fa
Cc cht in li mnh l: NaOH ; C6H5ONa ; HCOONa ; NaCl ; H2SO4 => C 5 cht in li mnh
w.
=>B
ww
Cu 19.7. Phn 1: n kh NH3 = n NH4+ = 0,03 mol
n kt ta = n Fe(OH)3 = 0,01 mol
Phn 2: n kt ta = n BaSO4 = 0,02 mol
=> ton b A c 0,06 mol NH4+ ; 0,04 mol SO42- ; 0,02 mol Fe3+
=> Theo BT in tch c n Cl- = 0,04 mol
=> m mui khan = 7,46g
01
=>D
oc
iH
Cu 20.3: Bo ton in tch ta c : 2nCa2+ + 2nMg2+ = n Cl- + n HCO3-
Da
=> a = 0,4 mol.
hi
Khi un nng th: 2HCO3- CO32- + CO2 + H2O
nT
=> n CO32- = 0,2 mol
uO
=> m mui khan = 0,1.40 + 0,3.24 + 0,4.35,5 + 0,2.60 = 37,4g
ie
=>A iL
Cu 21.5: Phng trnh rt gn chung ca cc phn ng 1;2;3;6 l:
Ta
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4

s/
=>B
up
Cu 21.9: Do Na2CO3, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa u l mui c to thnh t axit yu v bazo mnh

ro
nn khi thy phn s to mi trng kim c pH > 7

/g
=> B
om
Cu 21.24: Do Na2SO4 l mui trung ha to bi axit mnh v bazo mnh nn khi ha tan vo dd
.c
cho pH = 7 => khng lm thay i pH ca nc (=7)

ok
=>D
bo
Cu 21.45: Ta c n NaOH = 0,01V. 10-3 mol ; n HCl = 0,03V.10-3 mol

ce
=> Sau phn ng trung ha :n HCl d = 0,02V.10-3 mol

fa
=> [H+] = 0,02V.10-3/(2V.10-3) = 0,01 M

w.
=> pH = -log[H+] = 2
ww
=>C
Cu 22.8. Do pH =13 nn OH- d. C n H+ = 3V1 mol ; n OH- = 2V2 mol
=> [OH-] = 0,1= (2V2 3V1) v V1 + V2 =1
=> V1 = 0,38 l ; V2 = 0,62 l
=> X c 0,38 mol SO42- ; 0,38 mol Cl- ; 1,14 mol H+
Y c 0,62 mol Na+ ; 0,62 mol K+ ; 1,24 mol OH-
01
=> Sau trung ha th m rn = m SO4 + mCl + mNa + m K + m OH = 90,11g
oc
iH
=>A
Da
Cu 22.39: Cc dung dch c cht tan l bazo hoc mui to bi axit yu v bazo mnh thy phn
cho mi trng c pH > 7
hi
=> l : NaHCO3 ; CH3COONa ; NaNO2 ; NaF
nT
uO
=>D
ie
Cu 40
iL
X(Z=7) => X l Nito
Ta
Y(Z= 9)=> Y l Flo

s/
Z(Z= 15) => Z l Photpho

up
T(Z= 19) => T l Clo

ro
=> Flo c m in ln nht ; trong 1 nhm A th m in gim t trn xung di => m

/g
in F > Cl hay Y>T; tng t vi N> P hay X>Z

om
=>A
.c
Cu 23.4: B
ok
Cu 24.33:
bo
Dung dch c pH > 7 khi c cht tan l mui ca axit yu v bazo mnh
ce
=> NaHCO3
fa
=>C
w.
Cu 25.24: HCO3- + HSO4- CO2 + H2O + SO42-

ww
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
Theo c n Ba(HCO3)2 = n Na2SO4
=>n Ba2+ = n SO42- = 0,5 n HCO3-
=> HCO3- d sau phn ng v dung dch cn Na+
=>D
Cu 29.18: _ Phn 1: NH4 + + OH NH3 + H2O
01
oc
Mg2+ + 2OH- Mg(OH)2
iH
=> nNH4+ = nNH3 = 0,03 mol
Da
nMg2+ = nMg(OH)2 = 0,01 mol
hi
_Phn 2: Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
nT
=> nSO42- = 0,02 mol
uO
=> E ban u c : 0,04 mol SO42-
ie
0,06 mol NH4+ iL
0,02 Mg2+
Ta
=> Theo DLBTDT : nCl- = nNH4+ + 2nMg2+ - 2nSO42- = 0,02 mol

s/
=> m cht tan trong E = 6,11 g

up
=>D
ro
/g
Cu 29.20:
om
tha mn khi 2 ion l Mg2+ v Zn2+ , Cu2+ v Ag+ ht

.c
Khi Mg v Zn d hoc va
ok
=> 2c + d < 2a + 2b
bo
=>D
ce
Cu 29.34:
fa
Cc axit yu , bazo yu
w.
=>C
ww
Cu 29.44:
Theo DLBT in tch : 2nMg2+ + nK+ = nNO3- + 2nSO42-
=>x=0,075 mol
=>B
Cu 30.11:
Theo DLBT in tch : 2n CO32- + nCl- = nNa+ + nNH4+
01
=> nNH4+ = 0,25 mol
oc
iH
n Ba(OH)2 = 0,054 mol
Da
Xy ra cc phn ng : Ba2+ + CO32- BaCO3
hi
NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O
nT
=>m gim = m BaCO3 + m NH3 = 0,025. 197 + 0,054. 17 = 6,761 g
uO
=>A
ie
Cu 32.24 : iL
nCaCl2 = 0,02 mol ; nNa2SO4 = 0,02 mol
Ta
Ca2+ + SO4 2- CaSO4

s/
0,02 mol 0,02mol

up
=> CM CaCl2 = CM Na2SO4 =0,05 M

ro
Gi s CaSO4 c tan S M
/g
om
CaSO4 Ca2+ + SO4 2-

.c
S => S S
ok
=> S2 = 2,5. 10-5 => S=0,005 M => nCaSO4 tan= 0,002 mol
bo
=> m kt ta= (0,02-0,002). 135= 2,448g

ce
=>B
fa
Cu 32.46:
w.
nH+ = 0,02 mol ; nOH- = 0,04 mol

ww
H+ + OH- H2O
=> nOH- d = 0,02 mol => C OH- = 0,1 M
pH = 14 + pOH = 14
=>A
Cu 33.35: Theo DLBT in tch 3 nAl3++2nFe2+ + nNa+ = 2nSO42- + nCl-
thu c kt ta ln nht th NaOH phn ng va To hidroxit v khng ha tan kt ta =>
01
nOH- = 3 nAl3++2nFe2+ = 0,3 mol
oc
VNaOH =0,3 l
iH
=>D
Da
Cu 34.36.
hi
Khi 1/2X phn ng vi dd Ca(OH)2 d th HCO3- i vo ht kt ta
nT
uO
=> n HCO3- = n CaCO3= 0,03 mol
ie
Khi 1/2X phn ng vi dd NaOH d do n CaCO3 = 0,02 mol < 0,03 => HCO3- d, Ca2+ ht
iL
=> n Ca2+ = 0,02 mol
Ta
=> trong ton b X c 0,04 mol Ca2+ ; 0,06 mol HCO3- ; 0,1 mol Cl-
s/
=> DLBTDT => n Na+ = n Cl- + n HCO3- - 2 n Ca2+ = 0,08 mol

up
Khi un si th 2HCO3- CO2 + CO3- + H2O

ro
Mol 0,06 0,03

/g
=> to kt ta vi Ca2+ => theo DLBTKL ta c :

om
m rn = m Ca2+ + m CO3- + m Na+ + mCl- = 8,79g

.c
=> chn C
ok
Cu 35.28: D
bo
ce
Cu 36.33:
fa
kt ta t cc i th ion kim loi phn ng ht vi CO32-. Theo nh lut bo ton in tch th:
w.
2nMg2+ + 2nBa2+ +2 nCa2+ = nCl + nNO3 = 2nCO32-

ww
nCO32- = 0,4 mol = VY.(CM (K2CO3) + CM (Na2CO3))
VY= 160 ml
=>A
Cu 37.13:
Dung dch c pH > 7 l dung dch c phn t cht tan l bazo hoc mui axit yu vi bazo mnh
=> l : C6H5ONa, C2H5COONa, KHCO3
=> p n D
01
Cu 37.28:
oc
+) nh lut bo ton in tch: 2x + y = 0,02 + 0,025.2 (2nMg2+ + nNa+ = nCl- + 2nSO42-)
iH
+) Tng khi lng mui: 24x + 23y + 35,5.0,02 + 0,025.96 = 4,28
Da
=> x = 0,02 (mol) , y = 0,03 (mol)
hi
=> p n C
nT
uO
Cu 37.50:A
ie
Cu 38.12:
iL
H2SO4 2H+ + SO42-
Ta
HCl H+ + Cl-
s/
- Do H2SO4 v HCl u l axit mnh nhng H2SO4 phn ly H+ nhiu hn.

up
pH (H2SO4) < pH HCl

ro
- KNO3 mui to bi axit mnh v bazo mnh => trung tnh

/g
- Na2CO3 l mui ca axit yu , bazo mnh => tnh bazo yu.

om
pH (H2SO4) < pH HCl < pH (KNO3) < pH Na2CO3

.c
=> p n D
ok
Cu 39.16:
bo
V HCl phn li hon ton nn in ly ca HCl gp 100 ln => nng H+ gp 100 ln nn pH

ce
nh hn 2 n v
fa
=> p n D
Cu 39.35:
w.
2 kim loi l Cu v Fe, Al ht nn 3a > b + 2c m bo c t nht 2 kim loi v 3a <= 3b + 2c

ww
m bo Al khng d (nu Al d s c 3 kim loi)

=> p n A
Cu 40.13. A
Cu 40.19. Ly 300 ml dung dch X
=> nH+ = 2.0,1.0,1+ 0,2.0,1 + 0,3 .0,1 = 0,07 mol
n OH- = 0,2 V + 0,29V = 0,49 V mol
H+ + OH- H2O
01
Dung dch c PH = 2 => [H+] = 10-2
oc
iH
=> 0,07 0,49V = 0,01 (V + 0,3)
Da
=> nH+ = 0,01 (V + 0,3)
hi
=> V = 0,134 lt
nT
=> p n C
uO
Cu 41.7: B
ie
Cu 42.43: A
iL
Cu 43.17. Cng gi tr pH, tc cng nng OH-
y, cng nng th Ba(OH)2 cho nhiu OH- nht, ri n NaOH v sau cng l NH3 do l
Ta
bazo trung bnh

=> khi cng nng OH- th nng mol Ba(OH)2 thp nht, sau n NaOH v cui cng l
s/
NH3
up
=> p n D
Cu 43.46. D
ro
Cu 44.13: D
/g
Cu 44.39: D
om
Cu 46.22: Trong 1 lit hn hp c tng nng H+ l: [H+] = 0,04 + 2.0,03 = 0,1 M

.c
=> pH = -lg[H+] = 1
ok
bo
=> A
ce
Cu 48.39:
fa
Dung dch X. S mol (SO4)2- = 0,03 mol.

w.
T pH = 2 ta tnh c s mol H+ = 5. 10-3 mol.

ww
Vy s mol H+ trong dung dch Y l : 0,01 + 5. 10-3 = 0,015 mol
S mol ca Ba2+ = 2,5.10-3 mol.

Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
Vy khi lng kt ta: m = 2,5.10-3.233 = 0,5825 gam.
=>A
Cu 49.13:
01
Bo ton in tch : nSO42- = (0,1+0,3+0,2.3)/2=0,5
oc
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
iH
Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3
Da
=> m= 0,5.233+0,2.107=137,9g
hi
=>B
nT
uO
Cu 49.19: C
ie
Cu 50.8: D iL
Cu 50.15: B
Ta
Cu 50.26: A
s/
Cu 51.1: D
up
Cu 51.10:
ro
Cc ion lng tnh y va c th cho v nhn proton

/g
=> 3, 4, 5.
om
=> p n A
.c
Cu 51.17:
ok
l cc cht H2S, CH3COOH, HClO, NH3.

bo
=> p n B
ce
Cu 51.24:
fa
Bo ton in tch v bo ton khi lng:

w.
0,1.1 + 0,2.2 + 0,1.1 = 0,2.1+ a.2 => a = 0,2.

ww
M mun dung dch tn ti c th cc ion khng c phn ng vi nhau. Do Y2- ch c th l

SO4 2-( theo p n)
m = 0,1.39 + 0,2.24 + 0,1.23 + 0,2.35,5 + 0,2.96 = 37,3 gam.

=> p n D
Cu 51.37:
=> c 8 cht (tr C6H6, C6H12O6, C2H5OH, SO2, Cl2, CH4, HCOOCH3)
=> p n B
01
Cu 51.39:
oc
Bo ton in tch, tng in tch dng = tng in tch m
iH
=> a + 3b = 2c + d
Da
=> p n B
hi
Cu 52.15: C
nT
Cu 54.6:
uO
PbCl2, BaCO3, PbSO4 kt ta nn loi B, C, D
ie
=> p n A
Cu 54.50:
iL
Ta
Bo ton in tch : a = 0,1.2+0,3.2-0,4=0,4

Gi M l CTTB ca Mg v Ca => M = 28
s/
M(HCO3)2 -> MCO3 -> MO

up
Sau khi nung, cht rn cn li gm 0,4 mol Cl- , 0,2 mol M2+ , v 0,2 mol MO
ro
Vy m = 0,4.35,5+0,2.28+0,2.44=28,6g
/g
Cu 55.22:
om
Ta c nH+=0.02, nOH-=0.04 nn sau phn ng nOH- = 0,02 v V = 0,2

.c
Cm OH- = 0,1 => pH = 13

ok
p n A
bo
Cu 55.37: gm cc PTHH (I), (II), (III) => p n C

ce
Cu 57.12: L cc cht CuSO4, KCl, HF

fa
=> p n C
w.
Cu 57.49:
ww
Cu 58.5:
Ta c OH- 0,06 mol v H+ c 0,05 mol

=> Sau khi trn cn d 0,01 mol OH- v V = 1 lt
=> pH = 12
=> p n B
Cu 58.27:
01
Cht in ly tr ru v saccarozo, in ly mnh tr HF v CH3COOH
oc
=> 7 v 5
iH
=> p n C
Da
Cu 59.3:
hi
Tng ion dng l 0,04 mol v tng ion m l 0,02 + a
nT
=> a = 0,02
uO
=> p n B
ie
Cu 59.20: D iL
Cu 60.6 :
Ta
Cc ion cng tn ti trong 1 dung dch nu chng khng phn ng vi nhau

s/
Loi A v Ag+ tc dng vi Fe2+

up
ro
Loi B v NO3- trong mi trng H+ tc dng vi Fe2+

/g
Lo HCl i C HSO4- l axit, tc dng vi OH-

om
=> p n D
.c
ok
Cu 60.37 :
bo
Ta c = C/C0.
ce
Vi C l nng cht ho tan phn li ra ion, C0l nng mol ca cht ho tan vy.
fa
w.
m axit =D*V v n = m/M => n = 0.175 mol suy ra C0 = 0.175/1.75 = 0.1

ww
Ta c pH=2.9 vy [H+]=10-2.9 = C
Vy = 10-2.9 / 0.1 = 0.126 = 1,26%
=> p n B
Cu 61.38:
pH=3 => CM=0.001mol/l => nH+ = 0.008mol (1)

pH=12 => pOH =2 =>CM= 0.01mol/l => nOH- = 0.01a (2)
01
pH=11 => pOH =3 =>CM= 0.001mol/l =>nOH- = 0.001(8+a) (3)
oc
V mi trng mang tnh bazo nn OH d
=> ly (2) - (1) = (3)
iH
=> a xp x 1.78(l)
=> p n B
Da
Cu 63.41
hi
ta c n NaOH = n OH- = V1. 10pH-14=0,01V1
nT
n H2SO4 = nH+ = V2. 10-pH= 0,01V2
uO
Trung ha => nH+ = n OH- => 0,01V1= 0,02V2 =>V1=2V2
ie
=>B
iL
Cu 64.30:
Ta
H+ +OH- => H2O

s/
up
nH+ =0,025mol , nSO4 2- = 0,01*0,25=0,0025mol

ro
Li c pH=12=>[OH-]= 0,01=>nOHd=0,01*0,5 = 0,005mol

/g
Vy tng nOH-=0,03mol=>nBa(OH)2=1/2nOH- = 0,015mol=> nBa=0,015 mol => x = 0,06

om
Ba 2+ + SO4 2- ----->BaSO4
.c
0,015....0,0025...........0,0025
ok
m(kt ta) = 0,0025*233=0,5825g

bo
=> ps n C
ce
Cu 64.35:D
fa
Cu 65.17: Ta c: nKOH= 0,2 mol ; nHCl= 0,03 mol

w.
=> Dung dch Y c KOH d, nKOH= 0,2-0,03 = 0,17 mol

ww
=> [OH-] = => pH = 14 + log[OH-] = 12,53
p n B
Cu 65.26: Dung dch Y cha nOH-= nKOH + 2 = 0,168 mol
.nBa2+ = 0,012 mol kt ta gm BaSO4 v Al(OH)3 ( c th c)
01
= nBa2+ = 0,012 mol ( V Ba2+ ht so vi SO42- ) => R = 2,796g
oc
=> = 3,732 2,796 =0,936g => = 0,012 mol
iH
Khi cho X + Y, u tin H+ phn ng vi OH- trc, ri n Al3+
Da
=> nOH- phn ng vi Al3+ = 0,168 0,1 = 0,068 mol
hi
Trong khi = 0,012 mol => C to mui AlO2-
nT
uO
=> = 4nAl3+ - nOH- => nAl3+ = = 0,02 mol
ie
=> z= 0,02 bo ton in tch dung dch X iL
=> t = 0,12 mol
Ta
p n B
s/
up
ro
/g
om
.c
ok
bo
ce
fa
w.
ww

04. 89 Bài Tập Chuyên Đề Sự Điện Li - Có Lời Giải Chi Tiết

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Cu 4. [3. 23] thi th THPTQG 2015 Khi THPT chuyn HSPHN ln 2

A: 0,214 lt B: 0,424 lt C: 0,134 lt D: 0,414 lt

bronstet, s cht trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l

Cu 6. [4.15] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Thi Nguyn ln 3

(1) Ca(OH)2 d + NaHCO3 ;

(2) NaHCO3 d + Ca(OH)2 ;

(4) Ca(OH)2 + Ca(HCO3)2.

Truy cp vo: http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn - Anh tt nht! 1/2

c kt ta G. Nung ton b G n khi lng khng i thu c 69,59 gam cht rn H. Gi tr ca

Cu 13. [11.11] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Bn Tre

Cu 14. [12.20] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn H Vinh ln 3

Vi dung mi l H2O th cht no sau y khng phi l cht in li ?

C. HCl. D. C6H12O6 (glucoz).

Truy cp vo: http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn - Anh tt nht! 2/2

Cu 21 [17.25] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Nguyn Hu - ln 2

thu c khi c cn cn thn dung dch A l:

Cu 23 [20.3] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn L Qu n ln 1

c cn thu c mui khan c khi lng l

A. 49,4 gam B. 28,6 gam C. 37,4 gam D. 23,2 gam

Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau:

(3) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 (4) H2SO4 + BaSO3

(5) (NH4)2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 (6) Fe2(SO4)3 + Ba(NO3)2

Truy cp vo: http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn - Anh tt nht! 3/2

S phn ng c 1 phng trnh ion rt gn: Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3 l:

A. NaHSO4. B. NaNO3. C. NaHCO3. D. (NH4)2SO4.

Cu 32 [25.24] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT chuyn Nguyn Hu - ln 3

A. Na+, HCO3- v SO42- B. Ba2+, HCO3- v Na+ C. Na+ v SO42- D. Na+,

Cu 33 [29.18] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Sng L

A. 3,055g. B. 9,165g. C. 5,35g. D. 6,11g.

Cu 34 [29.20] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Sng L

Cu 35 [29.34] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Sng L

Truy cp vo: http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn - Anh tt nht! 4/2

phn ng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 3 gam kt ta. Hi nu un si n cn dung dch X th

A. 9,21 gam B. 9,26 gam C. 8,79 gam D. 7,47 gam

v t mol SO42- . Biu thc lin h gia x, y, z, t l

cha hn hp K2CO3 1M v Na2CO3 1,5M vo dung dch X n khi c lng kt ta ln nht th th

A. 160 ml. B. 600 ml. C. 320 ml. D. 480ml.

nhng dung dch c pH > 7 l

C. KHCO3, NH4NO3, NaCl. D. KHCO3, C6H5ONa, C2H5COONa.

Cu 45 [37.28] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT H Ni Amsterdam

Cu 46 [37.50] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT H Ni Amsterdam

Truy cp vo: http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn - Anh tt nht! 5/2

A.2NaHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O.

B.2NaHCO3 + 2KOH Na2CO3 + K2CO3 + 2H2O

D.Ca(HCO3)2 + 2NaOH CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O.

Cu 53 [43.17.] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT Vnh Bo

A. NH 3 , NaOH, Ba(OH) 2 B. NH 3 , Ba(OH) 2 , NaOH

C. NaOH, NH 3 , Ba(OH) 2 D. Ba(OH) 2 , NaOH, NH 3

A. Ag2SO4, NaCl, CuSO4, H2S B. NaOH, Ag2SO4, NaCl, H2SO3,H2S.

Khi thm t t nc vo mt cc ng dung dch CH3COOH th

Truy cp vo: http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn - Anh tt nht! 6/2

A. 140,2. B. 137,9. C. 116,5 D. 114,6.

Dung dch no sau y c [H+] bng 0,1M?

C. Dung dch HCl 0,1M. D. Dung dch H2SO4 0,1M

Cu 62 [50.8] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT C Huy Cn H Tnh

Cu 63 [50.15] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT C Huy Cn H Tnh

A. 52,5 gam. B. 38,1 gam. C. 47,2 gam. D. 36,8 gam.

Cu 64 [50.26] thi th THPTQG 2015 THPT C Huy Cn H Tnh

A. K2CO3 + 2HNO3 2KNO3 + CO2 + H2O

B. CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

D. 2NaHCO3 + H2SO4 (long) Na2SO4 + 2CO2 + 2H2O

Truy cp vo: http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn - Anh tt nht! 7/2

Trong cc cp cht cho di y, cp cht no c th cng tn ti trong mt dung dch ?