Page 1 of 39

Chapter 13 Differentiation I

Try these 13.1

1
(a) f (x) =
x
1
f (x + h) =
x+h
f (x + h) f (x)
f (x) = lim
h0 h
1 1

x+h x
= lim
h0 h
x (x + h)
(x + h) (x)
= lim
h0 h
1 h
= lim
h0 h (x + h) (x)
1
= lim
h 0 x(x + h)

1
=
x(x)
1
= 2
x
1
(b) f (x) = 2
x
1
f (x + h) =
(x + h) 2
f (x + h) f (x)
f (x) = lim
h0 h
1 1

(x + h) 2 x 2
= lim
h0 h
1 x (x + h) 2
2
= lim 2 2
h0 h
x (x + h)
1 x 2 x 2 2xh h 2
= lim
h 0 h x 2 (x + h) 2
2x h 2
= lim
h 0 x 2 (x + h) 2

2x 2x
= =
x (x + 0)
2 2
x4
2
=
x3

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 2 of 39

Try these 13.2

(a) f(x) = x10

f (x) = 10x 9
3
(b) f (x) = x 4
3 1
f (x) = x 4
4
1
(c) = =
f (x) x 4
x4
4
f (x) = 4x 5 =
x5
1
(d) = =
f (x) 8
x 8
x
8
f (x) = 8 x 9 =
x9

Try these 13.3

(a) f (x) = 10x 5

f (x) = 50 x 4
1 1
(b) = = x 2
f (x)
x
1 3 1
f (x) = x 2= .
2 2x x
12
(c) = =
f (x) 3
12x 3
x
f (x) = 36x 4
36
= 4
x

Try these 13.4

f(x) = g(x) m(x)

f (x) = lim
[g(x + h) m(x + h) ] [ g(x) m(x) ]
h 0 h
= lim
[g(x + h) g(x)] [ m(x + h) m(x)]
h 0 h
lim
[g(x + h) g(x)] lim
[ m(x + h) m(x) ]
h 0 h h 0 h
= g(x) m(x)

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 3 of 39

Try these 13.5

x3 x 2
(a) y=
x5
1 1
y = 2 3 = x 2 x 3
x x
dy
= 2x 3 + 3x 4
dx
2 3
= 3 + 4
x x
4x + 1
(b) y=
x
4x 1 1 1
= + = 4x 2 + x 2
x x
dy 1 1 1 1 1 1
= 4 x 2 + x 2
dx 2 2
1 1 3
= 2x 2 x 2
2
2 1
=
x 2x x
(c) y =(x 2) (3x + 4)
y = 3x 2 2x 8
dy
= 6x 2
dx
(d) y =+(x 5) (5x 1)
y =5x 2 + 24x 5
dy
= 10x + 24
dx

Try these 13.6

(a) f(x) = 2x 4
f(x + h) = 2(x + h) 4
= 2x + 2h 4
f (x + h) f (x)
f (x) = lim
h0 h
2x + 2h 4 (2x 4)
= lim
h0 h
2h
= lim
h0 h

= lim
= 2 2
h0
f (x) =
2
(b) f (x) = 6x 2 + 2x + 1
f(x + h) = 6(x + h)2 + 2(x + h) + 1

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 4 of 39

= 6(x 2 + 2xh + h 2 ) + 2x + 2h + 1
= 6x 2 + 12xh + 6h 2 + 2x + 2h + 1
f (x + h) f (x)
f (x) = lim
h0 h
6x 2 + 12xh + 6h 2 + 2x + 2h + 1 (6x 2 + 2x + 1)
= lim
h0 h
12xh + 6h + 2h
2
= lim
h0 h
= lim (12x + 6h + 2)
h0
= 12x + 2
f (x) = 12x + 2
1 1
=
(c) f(x + h) = , f(x)
2(x + h) + 1 2x + 1
f (x + h) f (x)
f (x) = lim
h0 h
1 1

2x + 2h + 1 2x + 1
= lim
h0 h
1 2x + 1 2x 2h 1

= lim
h 0 h (2x + 2h + 1) (2x + 1)


1 2h
= lim (2x + 2h + 1) (2x + 1)
h0

h
2
= lim
h 0 (2x + 2h + 1)(2x + 1)

2
=
(2x + 1) (2x + 1)
2
=
(2x + 1) 2
2
f (x) = 2
(2x + 1)

Exercise 13A

1 f(x) = 4x 7
(a)
f(x + h) = 4(x + h) 7 = 4x + 4h 7
By definition
f (x + h) f (x)
f (x) = lim
h0 h
(4x + 4h 7) (4x 7)
= lim
h0 h

4h
= lim
h0
h
= lim = 4 4
h0

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 5 of 39

(b)
f(x) = 3x + 9
f(x + h) = 3(x + h) + 9 = 3x + 3h + 9
f (x + h) f (x)
f (x) = lim
h0 h
3x + 3h + 9 (3x + 9)
= lim
h 0 h
3h
= lim
h0 h
= lim = 3 3
h0
f(x) = x2 + 2x + 5
(c)
f(x + h) = (x + h)2 + 2(x + h) + 5
= x2 + 2xh + h2 + 2x + 2h + 5
f (x + h) f (x)
f (x) = lim
h0 h
( x + 2xh + h 2 + 2x + 2h + 5 ) ( x 2 + 2x + 5 )
2
= lim
h0 h
2xh + h + 2h
2
= lim
h0 h
= lim (2x + h + 2)
h0
= 2x + 2 + 0
= 2x + 2
(d) f (x) = 3x 2 4x + 1
f (x + h) = 3(x + h) 2 4(x + h) + 1
= 3[x 2 + 2xh + h 2 ] 4x 4h + 1
= 3x 2 + 6xh + 3h 2 4x 4h + 1
f (x + h) f (x)
f (x) = lim
h0 h
3x + 6xh + 3h 2 4x 4h + 1 ( 3x 2 4x + 1 )
2
= lim
h0 h
6xh + 3h 2 4h
= lim
h0 h
= lim (6x + 3h 4)
h0
= 6x + 0 4
= 6x 4
(e) f(x) = 5x2 +2
f(x + h) = 5(x + h)2 + 2
= 5x2 + 10xh + 5h2 + 2
f (x + h) f (x)
f (x) = lim
h0 h
5x 2 + 10xh + 5h 2 + 2 5x 2 2
= lim
h0 h
10xh + 5h 2
= lim
h0 h
= lim (10x + 5h)
h0

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 6 of 39

= 10x +5(0)
= 10x
(f) f (x) = x 3 + 3x + 1
f (x + h) = (x + h)3 + 3(x + h) + 1
= x 3 + 3x 2 h + 3xh 2 + h 3 + 3x + 3h + 1
f (x + h) f (x)
f (x) = lim
h0 h
x + 3x h + 3xh 2 + h 3 + 3x + 3h + 1 x 3 3x 1
3 2
= lim
h0 h
3x h + 3xh + h + 3h
2 2 3
= lim
h0 h
= lim (3x 2 + 3xh + h 2 + 3)
h0

= 3x 2 + 3x(0) + (0) 2 + 3
= 3x2 + 3
1
(g) f (x) =
(x + 2)3
1
f(x + h) =
(x + h + 2)3
f (x + h) f (x)
f (x) = lim
h0 h
1 1

(x + h + 2)3 (x + 2)3
= lim
h0 h
(x + 2) (x + 2 + h)3
3
= lim
h 0 h(x + 2)3 (x + 2 + h)3

(x + 2)3 (x + 2)3 3(x + 2) 2 h 3(x + 2)h 2 h 3

= lim
h0 h(x + 2)3 (x + 2 + h)3
h [ 3(x + 2) 2 3(x + 2)h h 2 ]
= lim
h0 h (x + 2)3 (x + 2 + h)3
3(x + 2) 2 3(x + 2)h h 2
= lim
h0 (x + 2)3 (x + 2 + h)3
3(x + 2) 2 3(x + 2)(0) 02 3(x + 2) 2 3
= = =
(x + 2) (x + 2 + 0)
3 3
(x + 2) 6
(x + 2) 4
d
2 (a) [4x 3 + 5x 6]= 12x 2 + 5
dx
d 5
(b) [x 3x 2 + 2] = 5x 4 6x
dx
d 5
(c) [x + 7x 3 + 2x + 4] = 5x 4 + 21x 2 + 2
dx
d 3 d 3
(d) 4x + = [4x + 3x 1 ] =
4 2
dx x dx x
d 2 7 d 21
(e) 6x 3 = [6x 2 7x 3 ] =12x + 4
dx x dx x

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 7 of 39

d 4 3 1 d 12 6 1
(f) x 3 + x 2 x = [4x 3 + 3x 2 x 1 ] =
12x 4 6x 3 + x 2 = +
dx dx x 4 x3 x 2
d 4x + 3 x 2 = d 4x + 3x 2 2 = 4 + 3 x 2 = 4 + 3
1 1
(g) dx
dx 2 2 x
d 1 d 1 3 1
6x + x 2 4 = 6 x 2 = 6
1
(h) 6x + 4 =
dx x dx 2 2( x )3
d 52 9 1 1 -1
2x 3x 2 + x 2 =
3 1 3
(i) 5x 2 x 2 + x 2
dx 2 2
d = d 6x 2 + 5x 2 = 9x 2 + 5 x - 2 = 9 x + 5
3 1 1 1
(j) 6x x + 5 x
dx dx 2 2 x
d 2 3 d 2 3
6x 3x 2 = 15x 2 + x - 2
5 1 3 3
6x x
-
(k) =
dx x dx 2
d 3 d 3
4 + x = dx 4 + 3x = x 2
1
(l)
dx
x + 3x
2
3 (a) y=
x
=x+3
dy
=1
dx
4x 3 3x 2 + 2
(b) y=
x4
4x 3 3x 2 2
= 4 4 + 4
x x x
= 4x 3x + 2x 4
1 2

dy
= 4x 2 + 6x 3 8x 5
dx
4 6 8
= 2 + 3 5
x x x
x + 6x
3
(c) y=
x2
6
=x+
x
dy 6
=1 2
dx x
6x + 1
(d) y=
x
= 6x 2 + x 2
1 1

dy 1 3
= 3x 2 x 2
1

dx 2
3x x + 2
(e) y=
x
= 3x + 2x 2
1

dy
= 3 x 2
3

dx

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 8 of 39

7x 2 4x + 5
(f) y=
2x
7 5
= x 2 + x 1
2 2
dy 7 5 2
= x
dx 2 2
7 5
= 2
2 2x
4 (a) y = (x + 2) (7x 1)
= 7x2 + 13x 2
dy
= 14x + 13
dx
(b) y = (3x + 4) (2x + 7)
= 6x2 + 29x + 28
dy
= 12x + 29
dx
(c) (
y = x 1 (x + 2) )
3 1
= x 2 + 2x 2 x 2
dy 3 12 1
= x + x 2 1
dx 2
(d) y= ( 6x + 2 ) x + 3 ( )
3 1
= 6x + 18x + 2x + 6
2 2

dy 1 1
= 9x 2 + 18 + x 2
dx
1
= 9 x + 18 +
x
(4x 1) (x + 3)
(e) y=
x
4x + 12x x 3
2
=
x
= 4x + 11 3x 1
dy 3
= 4 + 3x 2 = 4 + 2
dx x
1
(4x 2)x 2
(f) y=
x
1 1
= 4x 2 2x 2
dy 1 3
= 2x 2 + x 2
dx
(g) =y (3 x + 4x 2 x
3

)
3 5
= 3x + 4x 2 2

dy 9 12 3
= x + 10x 2
dx 2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 9 of 39

3x 5
(h) y=
x
1 1
=
y 3x 2 5x 2
dy 3 12 5 32
= x + x
dx 2 2
5 (a) y = 3x3 4x2 + 2
dy
= 9x 2 8x
dx
dy
x = 1, = 9 8 =1
dx
(b) y = 4x + 3x2
dy
= 4 + 6x
dx
dy
x = 1, = 10
dx
(c) y =(2x + 1) (x 2)
= 2x 2 3x 2
dy
= 4x 3
dx
dy
x = 2, =83=5
dx
(d)=y x (x + 4)
3 1
= x 2 + 4x 2
dy 3 12 1
= x + 2x 2
dx 2
dy 3 2 1
x = 16, = (4) + = 6
dx 2 4 2
6 y = 4x2 + x 2
dy
= 8x + 1
dx
dy
= 17
dx
8x + 1 = 17
x=2
y = 4(2)2 + 2 2 = 16
(2, 16)
7 y = 4x3 3x2 + 2x + 1
dy
= 12x 2 6x + 2
dx
dy
= 8 12x 2 6x + 2 = 8
dx
12x2 6x 6 = 0
2x2 x 1 = 0
(2x + 1) (x 1) = 0
1
x = ,1
2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 10 of 39

3 2
1 1 1 1
x= , y= 4 3 + 2 + 1
2 2 2 2
1 3
= 1 + 1
2 4
1
= 1
4
x = 1, y = 4 3 + 2 + 1 = 4
1 5
, and (1, 4)
2 4
8 y = ax3 + bx
dy
= 3ax 2 + b
dx
When x = 1, y = 2
2=a+b [1]
dy
x = 1, = 43a + b = 4 [2]
dx
[2] [1] 2a = 2 , a = 1, b = 1
a
9 y = 2 + bx
x
a
x = 2, y = 13 + 2b = 13 [1]
4
dy
= 2ax 3 + b
dx
dy 1
x = 2, = 8 8 = a + b [2]
dx 4
[1] [2] 3b = 21, b = 7
1
8 = a 7
4
1
1 = a
4
a=4
a = 4, b = 7
p
10 y = + qx
x
1
x = 3, y = 13 13 = p + 3q [1]
3
11
Gradient of the line =
3
dy 11
=
dx 3
dy
= px 2 + q
dx
11 1
= p+q
3 9
1
11 = p + 3q [2]
3
[1] + [2] 24 = 6q q = 4

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 11 of 39

1
11 = p + 12
3
p=3
p = 3, q = 4
1
11 (a) y = 4x +
x
dy 1
=4 2
dx x
dy
x = 1, = 4 1= 3
dx
dy 1
(b) =0 4 2 =0
dx x
1
=4
x2
1
x2 =
4
1
x=
2
1 1 1
x = , y = 4 + = 2 + 2 = 4
2 2 12
1 1 1
x = , y =4 + = 2 2 = 4
2 2 12
1 1
, 4 , 4
2 2

Try these 13.7

(a) (i) y = (6x + 2)7

dy
= 7(6) (6x + 2)= 6
42 (6x + 2)6
dx
3
(ii) y= (3 2x) 4
dy 3 1 3 1
= ( 2) (3 2x) 4 = (3 2x) 4
dx 4 2
12
(b) =y 4(3x 2)
dy 1 3
= (4)(3) (3x 2) 2
dx 2
3
= 6(3x 2) 2
dy 3 6 3
when x = 6, =
6 (16) 2 = =
dx 64 32

Try these 13.8

(a) y = x2 (3x + 2)5

u = x2, v = (3x + 2)5

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 12 of 39

du dv
= 2x, = 15(3x + 2) 4
dx dx
dy
= x 2 [15(3x + 2) 4 ]+ (3x + 2)5 (2x)
dx
= x(3x + 2) 4 [15x + 2(3x + 2)]
= x(3x + 2) 4 (21x + 4)
1
(b) y=(4x + 1) (6x 2) 2
1
u =4x + 1, v =(6x 2) 2
du dv 1 1
= 4, = (6x 2) 2 (6)
dx dx 2
3
=
6x 2
dy 3(4x + 1)
= + 4 6x 2
dx 6x 2
3(4x + 1) + 4(6x 2)
=
6x 2
36x 5
=
6x 2
(c) y = (4x2 + 6x + 1)5 (6x + 2)
u = (4x2 + 6x + 1) 5, v = 6x + 2
du dv
= 5(8x + 6) (4x 2 + 6x + 1) 4 , = 6
dx dx
dy
= 6(4x 2 + 6x + 1)5 + (6x + 2) [5(8x + 6)] (4x 2 + 6x + 1) 4
dx
= (4x 2 + 6x + 1) 4 [6(4x 2 + 6x + 1) + 5(6x + 2) (8x + 6)]
= (4x 2 + 6x + 1) 4 [24x 2 + 36x + 6 + 240x 2 + 260x + 60]
= (4x 2 + 6x + 1) 4 (264x 2 + 296x + 66)

Try these 13.9

6x + 2
(a) (i) y=
x2 + 1
u = 6x + 2, v = x2 + 1
du dv
= 6, = 2x
dx dx
dy (x 2 + 1) (6) (6x + 2) (2x)
=
dx (x 2 + 1) 2
6x 2 + 6 12x 2 4x
=
(x 2 + 1) 2
6x 2 4x + 6
=
(x 2 + 1) 2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 13 of 39

3x 2 2
(ii) y=
x3 + 4
u = 3x2 2, v = x3 + 4
du dv
= 6x, = 3x 2
dx dx
dy (x 3 + 4) (6x) (3x 2 2)(3x 2 )
=
dx (x 3 + 4) 2
6x 4 + 24x 9x 4 + 6x 2
=
(x 3 + 4) 2
3x 4 + 6x 2 + 24x
=
(x 3 + 4) 2
x +1
(b) y= 1
(x 2) 2
1
u = x + 1, =v (x 2) 2
du dv 1 1
= 1, = (x 2) 2
dx dx 2
1 1 1
(x 2) 2 (x + 1) (x 2) 2
dy 2
= 1
dx [(x 2) ]
2 2

1 1 1
9 2 (12) (9) 2
dy 2 32 1
=x 11,= = =
dx 9 9 9

Try these 13.10

y = cos x
dy cos(x + h) cos x
= lim
dx h 0 h
cos x cos h sin x sin h cos x
= lim
h 0 h
cos(cos h 1) sin x sin h
= lim
h 0 h
cos h 1 sin h
= cos x lim sin x lim
h 0 h h 0 h
= cos x (0) sin x (1)
= sin x

Try these 13.11

cos x
(a) = =
y cot x
sin x
u = cos x, v = sin x
du dv
= sin x, = cos x
dx dx

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 14 of 39

dy sin x( sin x) cos x(cosx)

=
dx sin 2 x
[sin 2 x + cos 2 x]
=
sin 2 x
1
=
sin 2 x
= cosec2 x
=
(b) =
y cosec x (sin x) 1
dy
= (sin x) 2 (cos x)
dx
cos x
= 2
sin x
cos x 1
=
sin x sin x
= cosec x cot x

Try these 13.12

(a) y = sin 4x
dy
= 4 cos 4x
dx
(b) y = cos(4x + )
dy
= 4sin(4x + )
dx

(c) y = x 2 cos 3x
2

=u x= 2
, v cos 3x
2
du dv
= 2x, = 3sin 3x
dx dx 2
dy
= 3x 2 sin 3x + 2x cos 3x
dx 2 2
(d) y = x cot x
dv
u = x, = cot x
dx
du
= 1, v = cosec 2 x
dx
dy
= x cosec 2 x + cot x
dx
(e) y = x2 sec x
u = x2, v = sec x
du dv
= 2x, = sec x tan x
dx dx
dy
= x 2sec x tan x + 2x sec x
dx

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 15 of 39

Exercise 13B

1 (a) y = (6x + 1)5

dy
= 30(6x + 1) 4
dx
(b) y = (4 3x)6
dy
= 18 (4 3x)5
dx
1
(c) =
y (2x + 9) 2
dy 1 1
= (2)(2x + 9) 2
dx 2
1
=
2x + 9
4 1
(d) =y = 4(5x + 1) 2
5x + 1
dy 1 3
=
4 (5)(5x + 1) 2
dx 2
3
= 10(5x + 1) 2
(e) y = (6x2 + 3x + 1)4
dy
= 4(12x + 3) (6x 2 + 3x + 1)3
dx
1
(f) =y (6x 3 + 5x) 4
dy 1 3
= (18x 2 + 5) (6x 3 + 5x) 4
dx 4
1
(g) =y 3(7x 2 5) 2
dy 1 3
= 3 (14x) (7x 2 5) 2
dx 2
32
=
21x(7x 2 5)
1
(h) y = (4x 2 + 5)10
dy -1 1
= 10(2x 2 ) (4x 2 + 5)9
dx
20(4 x + 5)9
=
x
1
(i) =y (7x 2 + 3x 5 )7
dy 7 1 1
=
7 x 2 + 15x 4 (7x 2 + 3x 5 )6
dx 2
3
(j) y = (x 3 5x + 2) 4
dy 3 1
= (3x 2 5) (x 3 5x + 2) 4
dx 4
2 (a) = (3t + 1)(4t + 2)8
u = 3t + 1, v = (4t + 2)8
du dv
= 3, = 32 (4t + 2)7
dt dt

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 16 of 39

d
= 32 (3t + 1) (4t + 2)7 + 3 (4t + 2)8
dt
= (4t + 2)7 [32 (3t + 1) + 3(4t + 2)]
= (4t + 2)7 [96t + 32 + 12t + 6]
= (4t + 2)7 (108t + 38)
(b) = t 2 (7t + 1)3
u = t2, v = (7t + 1)3
du dv
= 2t, = 21(7t + 1) 2
dt dt
d
= 21t 2 (7t + 1) 2 + 2t(7t + 1)3
dt
= t(7t + 1) 2 [21t + 2(7t + 1)]
= t(7t + 1) 2 (35t + 2)
1
(c) = 4t 2t 1 = 4t(2t 1) 2
d 1 1 1
= 4(2t 1) 2 + (4t) (2) (2t 1) 2
dt 2
4t
= 4 2t 1 +
2t 1
4(2t 1) + 4t
=
2t 1
12t 4
=
2t 1
1
(d) = 6t 2 (t 3 + 2t) 2
1
= 12t ( t 3 + 2t ) + ( 6t 2 ) ( 3t 2 + 2 )( t 3 + 2t )
d 1
2
12

dt 2
3t (3t + 2)
2 2
= 12t t 3 + 2t +
t 3 + 2t
12t(t 3 + 2t) + 3t 2 (3t 2 + 2)
=
t 3 + 2t
21t 4 + 30t 2 3t 2 (7t 2 + 10)
= =
t 3 + 2t t 3 + 2t
(e) =
(5t 2 + 2)(7 3t) 4
d
= 10t (7 3t) 4 + ( 12) (5t 2 + 2)(7 3t)3
dt
=(7 3t)3 [10t (7 3t) 12(5t 2 + 2)]
= (7 3t)3 [ 90t 2 + 70t 24]
1
(f) = t 3 (4t 3 + 3t 2 + 1) 4
d 1 1 3
= 3t 2 (4t 3 + 3t 2 + 1) 4 + (t 3 ) (12t 2 + 6t)(4t 3 + 3t 2 + 1) 4
dt 4
3
1 1 4
3t 2 (4t 3 + 3t 2 + 1) 4 + t (12t + 6)(4t 3 + 3t 2 + 1) 4
4

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 17 of 39

= (7t 2 + 3t) (3t 2 + 1) 2

1 1
(g)
d 7 12 1 1 1 3
= t + 3 (3t 2 + 1) 2 + (7t 2 + 3t) (6t) (3t 2 + 1) 2
dt 2 2
7 -1 -1 1 -3
= t 2 + 3 (3t 2 + 1) 2 3t (7t 2 + 3t)(3t 2 + 1) 2
2
1 3
(h) =
t 2 (t + 5) 4
d 1 - 12 3 3 1 1
= t (t + 5) 4 + t 2 (t + 5) 4
dt 2 4
1 3 3 1
= (t + 5) 4 + t (t + 5) 4
2 t 4
4x + 2
3 (a) y=
x 1
dy (x 1)(4) (4x + 2)
=
dx (x 1) 2
4x 4 4x 2
=
(x 1) 2
6
=
(x 1) 2
3x 5
(b) y=
6x + 2
dy (6x + 2)(3) (3x 5)(6)
=
dx (6x + 2) 2
18x + 6 18x + 30
=
(6x + 2) 2
36
=
(6x + 2) 2
x2 + 1
(c) y=
2x + 5
dy (2x + 5) (2x) (x 2 + 1) (2)
=
dx (2x + 5) 2
4x 2 + 10x 2x 2 2
=
(2x + 5) 2
2x 2 + 10x 2
=
(2x + 5) 2
3x + 2
(d) y=
4x 1
1 1
( 4x 1) (3) (3x + 2) (4) (4x 1) 2
dy
= 2
dx ( 4x 1) 2
2(3x + 2)
3 4x 1
4x 1
=
4x 1

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 18 of 39

3(4x 1) 6x 4
=
(4x 1) 4x 1
6x 7
=
(4x 1) 4x 1
x 3 2x + 1
(e) y=
4x 2 + 5
dy (4x 2 + 5) (6x 2 2) (x 3 2x + 1) (8x)
=
dx (4x 2 + 5) 2
24x 4 8x 2 + 30x 2 10 8x 4 + 16x 2 8x
=
(4x 2 + 5) 2
16x 4 + 38x 2 8x 10
=
(4x 2 + 5) 2
x4 2
(f) y=
3x + 1
1 1
3x + 1 (4x 3 ) (x 4 2) (3)(3x + 1) 2
dy
= 2
dx ( 3x + 1)2
3 4
(x 2)
4x 3x + 1 2
3 3
4x 3 (3x + 1) x 4 + 3
21 4
x + 4x 3 + 3
3x + 1 2 2
= = =
3x + 1
3 3
(3x + 1) 2 (3x + 1) 2
x
(g) y=
(x + 3)3
dy (x + 3)3 x(3)(x + 3) 2
=
dx (x + 3)6
(x + 3) 2 [x + 3 3x]
=
(x + 3)6
2x + 3
=
(x + 3) 4
x 4 + 2x
(h) y=
x2 7
dy (x 2 7) (4x 3 + 2) (x 4 + 2x) (2x)
=
dx (x 2 7)2
4x 5 + 2x 2 28x 3 14 2x 5 4x 2
=
(x 2 7) 2
2x 5 28x 3 2x 2 14
=
(x 2 7) 2
(3x + 2) 2
(i) y=
(2x 1)3
dy (2x 1)3 (6)(3x + 2) (3x + 2) 2 (6)(2x 1) 2
=
dx (2x 1)6

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 19 of 39

6(2x 1) 2 (3x + 2)[2x 1 (3x + 2)]

=
(2x 1)6
6(3x + 2) ( x 3)
=
(2x 1) 4
7x + 3
(j) y=
5x 1
dy (5x 1) (7) (7x + 3) (5)
=
dx (5x 1) 2
35x 7 35 x 15 22
= =
(5x 1) 2
(5x 1) 2
4 (a) =
y (2x 1)5
dy
= 10(2x 1) 4
dx
dy
x = 1, = 10
dx
(b) y = x2 (x + 1)3
dy
= 2x(x + 1)3 + 3x 2 (x + 1) 2
dx
dy
x = 0, =0
dx
x2 + 1
(c) y=
x+2
dy (x + 2) (2x) (x 2 + 1) (1)
=
dx (x + 2) 2
2x 2 + 4x x 2 1
=
(x + 2) 2
x 2 + 4x 1
=
(x + 2) 2
dy 4 + 8 1 11
x = 2, = =
dx 42 16
(d) y = (x 5x + 2)
2 4

dy
= 4(2x 5) (x 2 5x + 2)3
dx
dy
x = 0, = (4) ( 5) (2)3 = 160
dx
d
5 (a) [sin 4x] = 4 cos 4x
dx
d
(b) [sin 6x] = 6 cos 6x
dx
d
(c) [cos 3x] = 3 sin 3x
dx
d
(d) [cos 7x] = 7 sin 7x
dx

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 20 of 39

d
(e) [cos 9x] = 9 sin 9x
dx
d
(f) sin 3x + = 3 cos 3x +
dx 4 4
d
(g) sin 4x = 4 cos 4x
dx 2 2
d 3 3
(h) sin + 4x = 4 cos + 4x
dx 2 2
d
(i) sin(8x = + 2) 8 cos(8x + 2)
dx
d
(j) cos(3x ) = 3 sin (3x )
dx
d
(k) cos (5 7x)= 7 sin (5 7x)
dx
d
(l) cos(2 9x) = 9 sin (2 9x)
dx
d
6 (a) tan 2x = 2 sec 2 2x
dx
d
(b) tan 5x = 5sec 2 (5x)
dx
d
(c) =
tan (2x + ) 2 sec 2 (2x + )
dx
d
(d) tan 3x = 3 sec 2 3x
dx 2 2
d
(e) sec(4x) = 4 sec(4x) tan(4x)
dx
d
(f) sec(4x= + 3) 4 sec(4x + 3) tan (4x + 3)
dx
d
(g) cot(6x) = 6cosec (6x2
)

dt
d 3 3 3
(h) cot x = cosec 2 x
dx 4 4 4 4 4
d
(i) cosec x = cosec x cot x
dx 4 4 4
d
(j) cosec(7x 4) = 7 cosec(7x 4) cot(7x 4)
dx
7 (a) y = sin x2
dy
= 2x cos x 2
dx
(b) = sin(t 2 + 3)
d
= 2t cos(t 2 + 3)
dt
(c)= cos(4x 2 + )
d
= 8x sin(4x 2 + )
dx

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 21 of 39

=
(d) y tan(7x 3 8)
dy
= 21x 2 sec 2 (7x 3 8)
dx
(e) =v 8 tan(3x3 4x + 5)
dv
= 8(9x 2 4) sec 2 (3x 3 4x + 5)
dx
dy
(f) y= (7x + 5)10 , =70(7x + 5)9
dx
dy 12
(g) y = (4x + 2) 3 , 12(4x + 2) 4 =
=
dx (4x + 2) 4
(h) y= 8(7x 2 + 5x + 1) 6
dy
= 48(14x + 5) (7x 2 + 5x + 1) 7
dx
1

1 2
(i) x t 3 t 2
=
4
12
dx 1 2 1 3 3 1 2
= 3t + t t t
dt 2 2 4
3 1 1
= t2 + 3
2 4t 3 1
t 2
4t
(j) y = tan (5x + 1)6
dy
= 30 (5x + 1)5sec 2 (5x + 1)6
dx
1
=
(k) y 5 cos 6x 2 +
x
dy 1 1
= 5 12x 2 sin 6x 2 +
dx x x
(l) y = sec (x3 + 5)
dy
= 3x 2sec(x 3 + 5) tan(x 3 + 5)
dx
8 (a) y = x sin x
dy
= sin x + x cos x
dx
(b) y = x cos x
dy
= cos x - x sin x
dx
(c) y = x2 tan x
dy
= 2x tan x + x 2sec 2 x
dx
(d) y = x3 tan(3x + 2)
dy
= 3x 2 tan(3x + 2) + 3x 3sec 2 (3x + 2)
dx
(e) y = (4x + 1) sin 4x
dy
= 4 sin 4x + 4(4x + 1)cos 4x
dx

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 22 of 39

(f) y = x tan(x2)
dy
= tan(x 2 ) + 2x 2 sec 2 (x 2 )
dx
(g) y = sin 2x tan 2x
dy
= 2 sin 2x sec 2 2x + 2 cos 2x tan 2x
dx
= 2 sin 2x sec 2 2x + 2 sin 2x = 2 sin 2x(sec 2 (2x) + 1)
(h) y = (3x2 + 1) cos x
dy
= 6x cos x (3x 2 + 1)sin x
dx
1
(i) y = x 3 2x sec x
3
dy 1
= (x 2 2)sec x + x 3 2x sec x tan x
dx 3
4
(j) y = + 2x cot 4x
x
dy 4 4
= 4 + 2x cosec 2 (4x) + 2 + 2 cot(4x)
dx x x
6
(k) y = 2 3x + 2 cosecx
x
dy 6 12
= 2 3x + 2 cosec x cot x + 3 3 cosec x
dx x x
2
x
9 (a) y=
x+2
dy (x + 2) (2x) x 2
=
dx (x + 2) 2
x 2 + 4x
=
(x + 2) 2
x3 + 4
(b) y=
x 6x + 1
2

dy (x 2 6x + 1) (3x 2 ) (x 3 + 4) (2x 6)
=
dx (x 2 6x + 1) 2
3x 4 18x 3 + 3x 2 2x 4 + 6x 3 8x + 24
=
(x 2 6x + 1) 2
x 4 12x 3 + 3x 2 8x + 24
=
(x 2 6x + 1) 2
sin x
(c) y=
cos x + 2
dy (cos x + 2)cos x sin x( sin x)
=
dx (cos x + 2) 2
cos 2 x + 2cos x + sin 2 x
=
(cos x + 2) 2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 23 of 39

1 + 2 cos x
=
(cos x + 2) 2
tan x + 1
(d) y=
sec x + 3
dy (sec x + 3) (sec 2 x) (tan x + 1) (sec x tan x)
=
dx (sec x + 3) 2
sec3 x + 3 sec 2 x sec x tan 2 x sec x tan x
=
(sec x + 3) 2
x cos x
(e) y= 2
x +5
dy (x 2 + 5) (cos x x sin x) (x cos x) (2x)
=
dx (x 2 + 5) 2
x 2 cos x x 3sin x + 5 cos x 5x sin x 2 x 2 cos x
=
(x 2 + 5) 2
x 2 cos x x 3 sin x + 5cos x 5x sin x
=
(x 2 + 5) 2
7x
(f) y=
x +1
1 1
( x + 1) (7) (7x) (x + 1) 2
dy 2
=
dx ( x + 1) 2
7x
7 x +1
2 x +1
=
x +1
7 7
7(x + 1) x x+7
= = 2 2
3 3
(x + 1) 2 (x + 1) 2
x + sin x
(g) y=
x + cosx
dy (x + cos x) (1 + cos x) (x + sin x) (1 sin x)
=
dx (x + cos x) 2
x + x cos x + cos x + cos 2 x x + x sin x sin x + sin 2 x
=
(x + cos x) 2
1 + x cos x + cos x + x sin x sin x
=
(x + cos x) 2
cos(3x + 2)
(h) y=
4x 3 + 2
dy (4x 3 + 2) ( 3 sin(3x + 2)) 12x 2 cos(3x + 2)
=
dx (4x 3 + 2) 2
12x 3sin(3x + 2) 6 sin(3x + 2) 12x 2 cos(3x + 2)
=
(4x 3 + 2) 2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 24 of 39

7x 2 + 2
(i) y=
x4
dy (x 4) (14x) (7x 2 + 2)
=
dx (x 4) 2
14x 2 56x 7x 2 2
=
(x 4) 2
7x 2 56x 2
=
(x 4) 2
x4
(j) y=
x2 1
dy (x 2 1) (4x 3 ) x 4 (2x)
=
dx (x 2 1) 2
4x 5 4x 3 2x 5
=
(x 2 1) 2
2x 5 4x 3 2x 3 (x 2 2)
= =
(x 2 1) 2 (x 2 1) 2
10 (a) y = cos3x
dy
= 3 cos 2 x sin x
dx
(b) y = sin3x
dy
= 3 sin 2 x cos x
dx
(c) y = tan4 x
dy
= 4 tan 3 x sec 2 x
dx
(d) y = x2 cos4 x
dy
= 2x cos 4 x 4x 2 cos3 x sin x
dx
=2x cos3x [cos x 2 x sin x]
(e) y = sec3(x + 2)
dy
= 3 sec 2 (x + 2) sec(x + 2) tan(x + 2)
dx
= 3 sec3 (x + 2) tan (x + 2)
(f) y = tan2(3x + 2)
dy
= 6 tan(3x + 2) sec 2 (3x + 2)
dx
(g) y = (2x + 1) cot2 x
dy
= 2 cot 2 x 2(2x + 1)cot x cosec 2 x
dx
(h) y= (4x 2 x) sin 2 (x + 2)
dy
= (8x -1) sin 2 (x + 2) + 2(4x 2 x) sin(x + 2) cos(x + 2)
dx
x
(i) y=
cos ec 2 x + 1

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 25 of 39

dy (cosec 2 x + 1) + x (2 cosec x cosec x cot x)

=
dx (cosec 2 x + 1) 2
cosec 2 x + 1 + 2x cosec 2 x cot x
=
(cosec 2 x + 1) 2
4
(j) y = tan (3x)
dy
= 12 tan 3 (3x) sec 2 (3x)
dx

Try these 13.13

(a) y = (2x + 1) cos x2

u = 2x + 1, v = cos x2
du dv
= 2, = 2 x sin x 2
dx dx
dy
= 2x(2x + 1) sin x 2 + 2 cos x 2
dx
= (4x 2 + 4x) sin x 2 + 2 cos x 2
d2 y
2
= (8x 2) sin x 2 + (4x 2 2x)(2x)cos x 2 + 2(2x)( sin x 2 )
dx
= 2(6x + 1)sin x2 4x2(2x + 1)cos x2
x+2
(b) y=
2x 1
u = x + 2, v = 2x 1
du dv
= 1,= 2.
dx dx
dy (2x 1) (1) (x + 2) (2)
=
dx (2x 1) 2
5
= 2= 5(2x 1) 2
(2x 1)
d2 y
( 5) ( 2) (2) (2x 1) 3
=
dx 2
20
=
(2x 1)3
d2 y 20
x = 0, = = 20
dx 2
(1)3

Exercise 13 C

( 4x + 7) 2
1
1 =y
dy 1 1
= (4) (4x + 7) 2
dx 2
1
= 2 (4x + 7) 2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 26 of 39

d2 y 1 3
2
= (2) (4) (4x + 7) 2
dx 2
4 4
= = 3
(4x + 7) 2
(4x + 7)3
2 y = (2x + 3)10
dy
= 20(2x + 3)9
dx
d2 y
= 360(2x + 3)8
dx 2
1
3 =
y = (5x 3) 3
(5x 3)3
dy
= (3) (5x 3) 4 (5) = 15(5x 3) 4
dx
d2 y
= ( 15) ( 4) (5) (5x 3) 5
dx 2
300
=
(5x 3)5
4 y = (x + 2) sin x
dy
= sin x + (x + 2) cos x
dx
d2 y
= cos x + cos x + (x + 2) ( sin x)
dx 2
= 2 cos x (x + 2) sin x
5 y = cos(x2)
dy
= 2x sin(x 2 )
dx
d2 y
= 2 sin(x 2 ) + ( 2x) (2x) cos(x 2 )
dx 2
= 2 sin x2 4x2 cos(x2)
x2 + 2
6 y=
x +1
dy (x + 1) (2x) (x 2 + 2)
=
dx (x + 1) 2
2x 2 + 2x x 2 2
=
(x + 1) 2
x 2 + 2x 2
=
(x + 1) 2
d 2 y (x + 1) 2 (2x + 2) (x 2 + 2x 2) (2) (x + 1)
=
dx 2 (x + 1) 2
(x + 1) [2(x + 1) 2(x 2 + 2x 2)]
=
(x + 1) 4
2x 2 2x + 6
=
(x + 1)3
7 y = sin(2x2 + 5x + 1)

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 27 of 39

dy
= (4x + 5) cos(2x 2 + 5x + 1)
dx
d2 y
2
= (4x + 5)[ (4x + 5) sin(2x 2 + 5x + 1)] + 4 cos(2x 2 + 5x + 1)
dx
= (4x + 5) 2 sin(2x 2 + 5x + 1) + 4 cos(2x 2 + 5x + 1)
8 y = x3 cos2 x
dy
= 3x 2 cos 2 x 2x 3sin x cos x
dx
= 3x 2 cos 2 x x 3sin 2x
d2 y
= 6x cos 2 x 6x 2 cos x sin x 3x 2sin 2x 2x 3cos 2x
dx 2
= 6x cos 2 x 3x 2 sin 2x 3x 2 sin 2x 2x 3cos 2x
= 6x cos 2 x 6x 2sin 2x 2x 3cos 2x
9 y = cos 3x + sin 4x
dy
= 3 sin 3x + 4 cos 4x
dx
d2 y
= 9 cos 3x 16 sin 4x
dx 2
3x 2
10 y=
x4
dy (x 4) (3) (3x 2)
=
dx (x 4) 2
3x 12 3x + 2
=
(x 4) 2
10
=
(x 4) 2
d2 y 20
=
dx 2
(x 4)3
3 cos 2x
11 y=
x
dy 3 6
= 2 cos 2x sin 2x
dx x x
2
d y 6 6 6 12
2
= 3 cos 2x + 2 sin 2x + 2 sin 2x cos 2x
dx x x x x
6 12 12
= 3 cos 2x + 2 sin 2x cos 2x
x x x

d2 y dy
x 2
+2 + 4xy
dx dx
6 12 6 12
= 2 cos 2x + sin 2x 12cos 2x 2 cos 2x sin 2x + 12cos 2x
x x x x
=0
1
12 =
y (x 2 + 1) 2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 28 of 39

dy 1 1 x
= (2x) (x 2 +=
1) 2
dx 2 x2 + 1
d2y 1 1 3
=(x 2 + 1) 2 + (x) (2x) (x 2 + 1) 2
2
2
dx
1 3 1 x2
= (x 2 + 1) 2 x 2 (x 2 + 1) 2 = 2
x 2 + 1 (x + 1) x + 1
x2 + 1 x2
=
(x 2 + 1) x + 1
1
= 2
(x + 1) x + 1
4
13 =
y 2x 2 +
x
dy 4
= 4x 2
dx x
2
d y 8
2
=4+ 3
dx x
2
d y 8
x 2 2 = 4x 2 +
dx x
2
d y
x 2 2 = 2y
dx
x+2
14 y=
x 1
dy (x 1) (x + 2)
=
dx (x 1) 2
3
=
(x 1) 2
d2 y 6
=
dx 2
(x 1)3
2
d2 y dy
3 2 2 (x 1)
dx dx
18 9(x 1) 18 18
= 2 = =0
(x 1) 3
(x 1) 4
(x 1) 3
(x 1)3
15 y = cos x + sin x
dy
= sin x + cos x
dx
d2 y
= cos x sin x
dx 2
d2 y
= y
dx 2
d2 y
+y=0
dx 2
16 y = x2 cos2 x

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 29 of 39

dy
= 2x cos 2 x 2x 2 sin x cos x
dx
= 2x cos 2 x x 2sin 2x
d2 y
= 2 cos 2 x 4x sin x cos x 2x 2 cos 2x 2x sin 2x
dx 2
d2 y
2 2
x = ,= 2=
2 dx 2 2 2
x +1
2
17 y= 2
x 1
dy (x 2 1) (2x) + (x 2 + 1) (2x)
=
dx (x 2 1) 2
2x 3 2x + 2x 3 + 2x
=
(x 2 1) 2
4x 3
=
(x 2 1) 2
d 2 y (x 2 1) 2 (12x 2 ) (4x 3 ) (2) (2x) (x 2 1)
=
dx 2 (x 2 1) 4
(x 2 1)[12x 2 (x 2 1) 16x 4 ]
=
(x 2 1) 4
12x 4 12x 2 16x 4
=
(x 2 1)3
4x 4 12x 2
=
(x 2 1)3
d2 y 0
When x = 0, = = 0
dx 2 1
2x
18 y=
x+4
dy (x + 4) (2) 2x
=
dx (x + 4) 2
2x + 8 2x 8
= = = 8(x + 4) 2
(x + 4) 2
(x + 4) 2
d2 y 16
16(x + 4) 3 = 3
=
dx 2
(x + 4)
d2 y dy 16(x + 4) 16
(x + 4) + 2= +
dx 2
dx (x + 4) 3
(x + 4) 2
16 16
= + =0
(x + 4) 2
(x + 4) 2
1
19 =
y = (x 2 x) 1
x x
2

dy
= (2x 1) (x 2 x) 2
dx

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 30 of 39

1 2x
=
(x 2 x) 2
d 2 y (x 2 x) 2 ( 2) (1 2x) (2) (2x 1) (x 2 x)
=
dx 2 (x 2 x) 4
(x 2 x) [(x 2 x) ( 2) + 2(2x 1) 2 ]
=
(x 2 x) 4
2x 2 + 2x + 8x 2 8x + 2
=
(x 2 x)3
6x 2 6x + 2
=
(x 2 x)3
d 2 y 24 12 + 2
x = 2, =
dx 2 8
14 7
= =
8 4
1 1
20 y= = (1 + x 2 ) 2
1+ x 2

dy 1 3 3
= (2x) (1 + x 2 ) 2 = x(1 + x 2 ) 2
dx 2
d2 y 3 5 3
= 2
x (2x) (1 + x 2 ) 2 + ( 1) (1 + x 2 ) 2
dx 2
5 3
= 3x (1 + x 2 ) 2 (1 + x 2 ) 2
2

d2 y dy
(1 + x 2 ) 2
+ 3x +y
dx dx
5 3 3
(1 + x 2 )[3x 2 (1 + x 2 ) 2 (1 + x 2 ) 2 ] + 3x [ x(1 + x 2 ) 2 ] + (1 + x 2 ) 2
1
=
32 12 32 12
= 3x 2 (1 + x 2 ) (1 + x 2 ) 3x 2 (1 + x 2 ) + (1 + x 2 )
=0

Review Exercise 13

1
1 f (x)= x +
x
1
f(x + h) = x + h +
x+h
f (x + h) f (x)
f (x) = lim
h0 h
1 1
x+h+ x +
x+h x
= lim
h0 h
1 1
h+
x+h x
= lim
h0 h

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 31 of 39

x - (x + h)
h (x + h) (x)
= lim + lim
h0 h h0 h
h
(x + h) (x)
= lim 1 + lim
h0 h0 h

1
= 1 lim
h 0 (x + h) (x)

1
= 1
(x + 0)x
1
= 1 2
x
2 f (x) = 2x 2 5x + 2
f(x + h) = 2(x + h) 2 5 (x + h) + 2
= 2[x 2 + 2xh + h 2 ] 5x 5h + 2
= 2x 2 + 4xh + 2h 2 5x 5h + 2
f (x + h) f (x)
f (x) = lim
h0 h
( 2x + 4xh + 2h 2 5x 5h + 2 ) ( 2x 2 5x + 2 )
2
= lim
h0 h
4xh + 2h 5h
2
= lim
h0 h
= lim (4x + 2h 5) = 4x + 0 5
h0
= 4x 5
3 f (x) = x 3 2x + 1
f (x + h) = (x + h)3 2(x + h) + 1
= x 3 + 3x 2 h + 3xh 2 + h 3 2x 2h + 1
f (x + h) f (x)
f (x) = lim
h0 h
x + 3x h + 3xh 2 + h 3 2x 2h + 1 ( x 3 2x + 1 )
3 2
= lim
h0 h
3x 2 h + 3xh 2 + h 3 2h
= lim
h0 h
= lim (3x + 3xh + h 2 2)
2
h0

= 3x 2 + 3x(0) + 02 2
= 3x 2 2
1
4 f (x) =
2x + 3
1
f(x + h) =
2(x + h) + 3

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 32 of 39

f (x + h) f (x)
f (x) = lim
h0 h
1 1

2(x + h) + 3 2x + 3
= lim
h0 h
2x + 3 (2x + 2h + 3)
= lim
h 0 h(2(x + h) + 3) (2x + 3)

2h
= lim
h 0 h(2(x + h) + 3) (2x + 3)

2
= lim
h 0 (2(x + h) + 3) (2x + 3)

2 2
=
(2(x + 0) + 3) (2x + 3) (2x + 3) 2
5 f(x) = sin 2x
f (x + = h) sin 2(x + h)
= sin(2x + 2h)
sin(2x + 2h) sin 2x
f (x) = lim
h0 h
sin 2x cos 2h + cos 2x sin 2h sin 2x
= lim
h0 h
sin 2x cos 2h sin 2x cos 2x sin 2h
+
h0
lim
h h
cos 2h 1 sin 2h
lim sin 2x
h0 + hlim
0
cos 2x
h
h
2 cos 2h 1 2 sin 2h
sin 2x lim
h0 + cos 2x hlim
0 2h
2h
= (sin 2x) (2) (0) + (cos 2x) (2) (1)
= 2 cos 2x
OR
f (x + h) f (x)
= sin(2x + 2h) sin 2x
2x + 2h + 2x 2x + 2h 2x
= 2 cos sin
2 2
= 2 cos (2x + h) sin h.
2 cos(2x + h) sin h
f (x) = lim
h0 h
sin h
= 2 lim cos(2x + h) lim
h0 h0 h
= 2(cos 2x) (1)
= 2 cos 2x
6 f (x) = cos 2x
f (x + =h) cos(2x + 2h)
f (x + h) f (x)
f (x) = lim
h0 h

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 33 of 39

cos(2x + 2h) cos 2x

= lim
h0 h
cos 2x cos 2h sin 2x sin 2h cos 2x
= lim
h0 h
cos 2x cos 2 h cos 2x sin 2x sin 2h
lim
h0 h h
cos 2h 1 sin 2h
lim 2 cos 2x lim (2 sin 2x)
h0 2h h 0 2h
= (2 cos 2x) (0) (2 sin 2x) (1)
= 2sin 2x
5x 2
7 y=
3x + 7
dy (3x + 7) (5) (5x 2) (3)
=
dx (3x + 7) 2
15x + 35 15x + 6
=
(3x + 7) 2
41
= = 41(3x + 7) 2
(3x + 7) 2
d2 y
= (41) ( 2) (3) (3x + 7) 3
dx 2
246
=
(3x + 7)3
8= y A cos5x + B sin 5x
dy
= 5 A sin 5x + 5B cos5x
dx
d2 y
= 25A cos 5x 25 B sin 5x
dx 2
d2 y
= 25 [A cos5x + B sin 5x]
dx 2
d2 y
= 25y
dx 2
d2 y
+ 25y = 0
dx 2
d 2
9 (a) (x sin 5x) = 5x 2 cos 5x + 2x sin 5x
dx
d
(b) =
[cos 4 (4x)] 4 cos3 (4x) ( sin 4x) (4)
dx
= 16 cos3 4x sin 4x
d 1 2x 2 1 2x (1 + 2x) ( 2) (1 2x) (2)
(c) = 2
dx 1 + 2x 1 + 2x (1 + 2x) 2
1 2x 4 8(1 2x)
= 2 2
= 3
1 + 2x (1 + 2x) (1 + 2x)
10 (a) y=
(2x + 1) tan(4x + 5)

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 34 of 39

dy
= (2x + 1)[4 sec 2 (4x + 5)] + 2 tan(4x + 5)
dx
= 4(2x + 1) sec 2 (4x + 5) + 2 tan (4x + 5)
(b) =y sin(2x + 3) + x tan 4x
dy
= 2 cos(2x + 3) + tan 4x + 4x sec 2 (4x)
dx
(c) =y sin 3 (x 2 + 4x + 2)
dy
= 3 sin 2 (x 2 + 4x + 2) cos(x 2 + 4x + 2) [2x + 4]
dx
= (6x + 12) sin 2 (x 2 + 4x +2) cos(x 3 + 4x + 2)
1 + cos 2
(d) x=
sin 2
dx sin 2 ( 2 sin 2) (1 + cos 2) (2 cos 2)
=
d (sin 2) 2
2 sin 2 (2) 2 cos 2 2 cos 2 2
=
sin 2 2
2[sin (2) + cos 2 2] 2 cos 2
2
=
sin 2 2
2 2 cos 2 2 (1 + cos 2) 4 cos 2 1
=2 =2 =2 =
=
cosec 2
sin 2 sin 2 4 sin cos 2
sin
2

(e)t = tan 2 sin 2

dt
= tan 2 [2 sin cos ] + sin 2 (2 tan sec 2 )
d
sin 2
= 2 tan 2 sin cos + 2 tan
cos 2
= 2 tan 2 sin cos + 2 tan 3
= tan 2 (2 sin cos + 2 tan )
= tan 2 (sin 2 + 2 tan )
(f) r = sin 2 x + 2 cos3 x
dr
= 2 sin x cos x + 3(2) cos 2 x( sin x)
dx
= 2 sin x cos x 6 sin x cos 2 x
= 2 sin x cos x[1 3 cos x] = sin 2x (1 3 cos x)
=
11 y x 3 cos(2x 2 + )
dy
= x 3 [4x( sin(2x 2 + ))] + 3x 2 cos(2x 2 + )
dx
= 4x 4 sin(2x 2 + ) + 3x 2 cos(2x 2 + )
dy
x = 0, =0
dx
12 =y 4x 3
1
=y (4x 3) 2
dy 1 1
= (4) (4x 3) 2
dx 2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 35 of 39

12
= 2 (4x 3)
d2 y 1 3
2
= (2) (4) (4x 3) 2
dx 2
4 4
= =
( )
3
4x 3 y3

x
13 y=
x 2 + 32
1 1 1
(x 2 + 32) 2 (1) (2x) (x 2 + 32) 2 (x)
dy
= 2

( )
2
dx x 2 + 32

x2
x 2 + 32
x 2 + 32
=
x 2 + 32
x 2 + 32 x 2
x 2 + 32
=
x 2 + 32
32
=
(x 2 + 32) x 2 + 32
32
= 3
(x 2 + 32) 2
cos x
14 y=
1 sin x
dy (1 sin x) ( sin x) cos x( cos x)
=
dx (1 sin x) 2
sin x + sin 2 x + cos 2 x
=
(1 sin x) 2
1 sin x 1
= =
(1 sin x) 1 sin x
2

dy 1 1
x= 4, = =
dx 1 sin 4 2
1
2
2
=
2 2
2 2+ 2
=
2 2 2+ 2
2(2 + 2)
= = 2+ 2
2
1 + cos x
15 y=
1 sin x

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 36 of 39

dy (1 sin x) ( sin x) (1 + cos x) ( cos x)

=
dx (1 sin x) 2
sin x + sin 2 x + cos x + cos 2 x
=
(1 sin x) 2
1 sin x + cos x
=
(1 sin x) 2

1 sin + cos
dy 3 3
When x = , =

2
3 dx
1 sin
3
3 1 3 3 3 3
1 +
= = 2 2 = 2 2 2

2
3 3 7 4 3
1 3 +
1 4 4
2
2(3 3) 2(3 3) (7 + 4 3) 2(21 + 12 3 7 3 12)
= = =
7 4 3 (7 4 3) (7 + 4 3) 49 48
= 2(9 + 5 3)
x
16 y=
1 5x
dy (1 5x) (1) x( 5)
(a) =
dx (1 5x) 2
1 5x + 5x
=
(1 5x) 2
1
=
(1 5x) 2
dy 1
(b) Since =
dx (1 5x) 2
dy x2
x2 =
dx (1 5x) 2
2
dy x
x 2
=
dx 1 5x
dy
x2 = y2
dx
dy
(c) = (1 5x) 2
dx
d2 y
= 2(1 5x) 3 ( 5)
dx 2
10
=
(1 5x)3
2
d2 y
2 10x 2 x 1
x = = 10
dx 2
(1 5x) 3
1 5x 1 5x

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 37 of 39

d2 y y
x2 = 10 y 2
x
2
dx
2 3
d y 10y
x2 2 =
dx x
x +1
17 (a) y=
x 1
dy (x 1) (1) (x + 1) (1)
=
dx (x 1) 2
x 1 x 1
=
(x 1) 2
dy 2
=
dx (x 1) 2
dy 2
(b) Since =
dx (x 1) 2
dy (x + 1) 2
(x + 1) 2 =
2
dx (x 1) 2
2
x + 1
= 2
x 1
=2y2
dy
(x + 1) 2 = 2y 2
dx
x +1
(c) y=
x 1
dy 2
= 2(x 1) 2 = 2
dx (x 1)
d2 y 4
= 4(x 1) 3 =
dx 2
(x 1)3
d2 y dy 4(x + 1) 2 2(x + 1) 2
(x + 1) 2 + 2(x + 2y + =
1) + 2 x + + 1 2
dx 2
dx (x 1) 3
x 1 (x 1)
4(x + 1) 2 4x 8(x + 1) 4
=
(x 1) 3
(x 1) 2
(x 1) 3
(x 1) 2
4(x + 1) 2 4x(x 1) 8(x + 1) 4(x 1)
=
(x 1)3
4x 2 + 8x + 4 4x 2 + 4x 8x 8 4x + 4
=
(x 1)3
0
= = 0
(x 1)3
x2
18 y=
2 3x 2
dy (2 3x 2 ) (2x) x 2 ( 6x)
=
dx (2 3x 2 ) 2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 38 of 39

4x 6x 3 + 6x 3
=
(2 3x 2 ) 2
4x
=
(2 3x 2 ) 2
dy 4x
Since =
dx (2 3x 2 ) 2
dy 4x 4
x3 =
dx (2 3x 2 ) 2
2
dy x2
x 3
=4 2
dx 2 3x
dy
x3 = 4y 2
dx
19 (a) y = cos3 x sin x
dy
= cos3 x cos x + sin x [(3 cos 2 x) ( sin x)]
dx
= cos 4 x 3 cos 2 x sin 2 x =
cos 2 x [cos 2 x 3 sin 2 x]
dy 2 2
4

(b) =
When x =, cos 3 cos sin
4 dx 4 4 4
4 2 2
2 2 2
= 3
2 2 2
4 4
= 3
16 16
1 3
=
4 4
1
=
2
1
(a) =
20 sin(2t ) 2
d 1 1 1
= (2t ) 2 (2) cos(2t ) 2
dt 2
=
1
2t
cos 2t ( )
(b) = t 4t 2 3t + 2
d 1 1
= t (4t 2 3t + 2) 2 (8t 3) + 4t 2 3t + 2
dt 2
1
t(8t 3)
= 2 + 4t 2 3t + 2
4t 2 3t + 2
1
t (8t 3) + 4t 2 3t + 2
= 2
4t 2 3t + 2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 39 of 39

3 9
4t 2 t + 4t 2 3t + 2 8t 2 t + 2
= 2 = 2
4t 3t + 2
2
4t 3t +2
2

1 + cos 2t
(c) =
1 sin 2t
d (1 sin 2t) ( 2sin 2t) (1 + cos 2t) ( 2cos 2t)
=
dt (1 sin 2t) 2
2 sin2t + 2 sin 2 2t + 2 cos2t + 2 cos 2 2t
=
(1 sin 2t) 2
2 (sin 2 2t + cos 2 2t) 2 sin 2t + 2 cos2t
=
(1 sin 2t) 2
2 2 sin 2t + 2 cos2t
=
(1 sin 2t) 2
1
21 y= (1 + cos x) 2
dy 1 1
=+ (1 cos x) 2 ( sin x)
dx 2
1 1
= sin x(1 + cos x) 2
2
d2y 1 3 1 1
=2
sin x (1 + cos x) 2 ( sin x) cos x(1 + cos x) 2
dx 4 2
1 2 3 1 1
= sin x(1 + cos x) 2 cos x(1 + cos x) 2
4 2
2
dy
2
d y
2y 2 + 2 + y 2
dx dx
2
1
1 3 1 1 1 1 1
= 2(1 + cosx) sin 2 x (1 + cosx) 2 cosx(1 + cosx) 2 + 2 sin x(1 + cos x) 2 + [(1 + cosx) 2 ]2
2

4 2 2
1 1
= sin 2 x(1 + cos x) 1 cos x + sin 2 x(1 + cos x) 1 + 1 + cos x
2 2
=1

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 13 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013