Hy vng vic tm tt 12 th ny s gip cho vic hc ting anh ca bn tt hn. 1. Hin ti n: * Cu trc: (+) S + V/ V(s;es) + Object... (-) S do/ does not + V +... (?) Do/ Does + S + V * Cch dng: Hnh ng xy ra hin ti: I am here now. Thi quen hin ti: I play soccer. S tht hin nhin; Chn l ko th ph nhn: The sun rises in the east. * Trng t i km: Always; usually; often; sometimes; occasionally; ever; seldom; rarely; every... * Cch chia s nhiu: th khng nh ca th hin ti n, "ng t thng" c chia bng cch: Gi nguyn hnh thc nguyn mu ca ng t khi ch ng l "I / You / We / They v cc ch ng s nhiu khc" Thm "s" hoc "es" sau ng t (Vs/es) khi ch ng l "He / She / It v cc ch ng s t khc" +Phn ln cc trng hp th ng t khi chia vi ch ng s t u c thm "s", ngoi tr nhng t tn cng bng "o,x, ch, z, s, sh" th ta thm "es" vo sau ng t. +Khi ng t tn cng l "y" th i "y" thnh "I" v thm "es" vo sau ng t * Cch pht m s,es: /iz/: ce, x, z, sh, ch, s, ge /s/: t, p, f, k, th /z/:khng c trong hai trng hp trn 2. Hin ti tip din: * Cu trc: (+) S + is/am/are + Ving (-) S + is/am/are not + Ving (?) Is/Am/ Are + S + Ving * Cch dng: ang xy ra ti 1 thi im xc nh hin ti Sp xy ra c d nh t trc. Khng dng vi cc ng t chi gic nh: SEE; HEAR; LIKE; LOVE... * Trng t i km: At the moment; at this time; right now; now; ........ 3. Hin ti hon thnh: * Cu trc: (+) S + have/has + PII (-) S + have/has not + PII (?) Have/ Has + S + PII * Cch dng: Xy ra trong qa kh, kt qu lin quan n hin ti. (Nhn mnh n kt qu ca hnh ng). * Trng t: Just; recently; lately; ever; never; already; yet; since; for; so far; until now; up to now; up to present.. 4. Hin ti hon thnh tip din: * Cu trc: (+) S + have/has been + Ving (-) S + have/has been + Ving (?) Have/Has + S + been + Ving * Cch dng: Xy ra trong qu kh, ko di n hin ti v c th tip tc xy ra trong tng lai. (Nhn mnh tnh lin tc ca hnh ng). * Trng t i km: just; recently; lately; ever; never; since; for 5. Qu kh n: * Cu trc: (+) S + Ved/ PI-ct 2 trong bng ng t bt quy tc (-) S + didnt + V (?) Did + S + V * Cch dng: Xy ra v chm dt hon ton trong qu kh. Nhiu hnh ng xy ra lin tip trong qu kh. Trong cu iu kin loi 2. * Trng t i km: Yesterday; the day before yesterday; ago; already; last; in + mc thi gian trong qu kh. * Cch c -ed: /id/: t,d /t/: c, ch, s, f, k, p x, sh /d/: cc trng hp cn li 6. Qu kh tip din: * Cu trc: (+) S + was/ were + Ving (-) S + was / were not + Ving. (?) Was/ Were + S + Ving. * Cch dng: Cc hnh ng xy ra ti 1 thi im xc nh trong qu kh Nhiu hnh ng xy ra ng thi trong qu kh. Mt hnh ng ang xy ra 1 hnh ng khc xen vo: hnh ng ang xy ra dng QKTD; hnh ng xen vo dng QK. * T ni i km: While; when. 7. Qu kh hon thnh: * Cu trc: (+) S + had + PII (-) S + had not + PII (?) Had + S + PII *Cch dng: Mt hnh ng xy ra trc 1 hnh ng khc trong QK (hnh ng xy ra trc dng QKHT; hnh ng xy ra sau dng QK). Hnh ng xy ra trc 1 thi im xc nh trong qu kh. Trong cu iu kin loi 3. * Trng t i km: Before; after; when; while; as soon as; by(trc); already; never; ever; until... 8. Qu kh hon thnh tip din (t dng): * Cu trc: (+) S + had been + Ving (-) S + hadnt been + ving (?) Had + S + been + Ving * Cch dng: Ch hnh ng v ang din ra v c th hon tt trc 1 hnh ng khc trong qu kh (Nhn mnh n tnh lin tc ca hnh ng). * Trng t: Before; after; when; while; as soon as; by (trc); already; ever; until 9. Tng lai n: * Cu trc: (+) S + will/ shall + V (will ngy nay c th dng vi tt c cc (-) S + will/ shall not + V ngi nhng shall dng vi I v WE ) (?)Will / Shall + S + V * Cch dng: Sp xy ra trong tng lai khng c d nh trc. Cu yu cu; ngh; li ha; d on cho tng lai. Trong cu iu kin loi 1. * Trng t: Tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next; in + thi gian tng lai 10. Tng lai gn: * Cu trc: (+) S + is/am/are + going to + V (-) S + is/am/ are not + going to + V (?)Is/Am/ Are + S + going to + V * Cch dng: Sp xy ra trong tng lai c d nh trc. Chc chn s xy ra trong tng lai theo 1 tnh hung cho trc. * Trng t: Tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next; in+ thi gian tng lai 11. Tng lai tip din: * Cu trc: (+) S + will / shall + be + Ving (-) S + will / shall not + be + Ving (?) Will / Shall + S + be + Ving * Cch dng: ang xy ra ti thi im xc nh trong tng lai. Nhiu hnh ng xy ra ng thi trong tng lai. * Trng t: Cc trng t nh trong tng lai n; nhng phi da vo tng hon cnh c th chia th. 12. Tng lai hon thnh: * Cu trc: (+) S + will / shall + have + PII (-) S will/ shall not + have + PII (?) Will / Shall + S + have + PII * Cch dng: Mt hnh ng xy ra trc 1 hnh ng khc trong tng lai. Mt hnh ng xy ra trc 1 thi im xc nh trong tng lai. * Trng t: By the time; By + mc thi gian trong qu kh. 13.Tng lai hon thnh tip din: * Cu trc: (+) S + will have been + Ving (-) S + wont have been + Ving (?) (How long) + will + S + have been + Ving *Cch dng: Kt hp vi mnh thi gian ( by the time + th hin ti n ) Din t hnh ng v ang xy ra v c th hon tt trc 1 hnh ng khc trong tng lai. * Du hiu nhn bit: By the time + mnh thi gian th hin ti; by + ngy/ gi. Trn y ch l nhng cch dng c bn nht ca 12 th trong ting anh. Chc cc bn hc tt.