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சீன விலங்கு ஜோதிடம் PDF
சீன விலங்கு ஜோதிடம் PDF
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Nk 2009
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. NUMEROLOGY
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. Calendar - ?
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10. 11. 12. . ,,,
60 . 12
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. 5x12=60
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. Gregorian
Calendar 1752 .
Julius Calendar 2100 .
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cs;slf;fk;
ePqf
; s; ahh;? ........................................................................................................................ 5
1 JWJW vyp .................................................................................................................. 12
2 ciog;ghsp vUJ ........................................................................................................ 18
3 RWRWg;G Gyp ............................................................................................................... 25
4 mikjp Kay; .............................................................................................................. 31
5 tPu buhfd; .................................................................................................................... 37
6 rhfrf;fhug; ghk;G ........................................................................................................ 44
7 Gj;jprhypf; Fjpiu ....................................................................................................... 50
8 gilghsp ML .............................................................................................................. 56
9 rhJh;af; Fuq;F ........................................................................................................... 63
10 xspT kiwtw;w Nrty; ............................................................................................. 70
11 Njhoik eha; ............................................................................................................. 77
12 MuhAk; gd;wp.............................................................................................................. 84
4
ePqf
; s; ahh;?
Gj;j ngUkhd; ,e;j cyfj;ij tpl;Lr; nry;Yk; NghJ> cyfpYs;s
midj;J tpyq;FfsplKk; tpilngw;Wr; nry;y Ntz;b> re;jpf;f
tUkhW miog;G tpLj;jhuhk;. mth; miog;ig Vw;W te;j tpyq;Ffs;
gd;dpuz;Nl. miog;gpid Vw;W te;j tpyq;FfSf;F kjpg;Gj; jUk;
tifapy;> mtiu ghh;ff
; te;j thpirapd; gb> gd;dpuz;L
tUlq;fSf;F xt;nthU tpyq;fpd; ngaiu itj;jjha; rPdhtpy; fij
xd;W cz;L.
,d;Wk; rPdh;fs; xt;nthU tUlj;ijAk; xt;nthU tpyq;fpd; ngaiuf;
nfhz;Nl Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;.
kdpjh;fs; jq;fSf;Ff; fpilj;j mwpitf; nfhz;L> vj;jidNah
tpraq;fisf; fz;Lgpbj;jdh;. vj;jidNah tpe;ijfis Muha;eJ;
njspT ngw;W tUfpd;wdh;. vj;jidNah GJg;GJ fiyfis
cUthf;fp tho;fi; fia Rthurpag;gLj;jp tUfpd;wdh;. mj;jifa
fiyfspy; xd;Nw N[hjplf; fiy.
gy;NtW ehLfspy; gy;NtW tpjq;fspy; N[hjplk; ifahsg;gl;lhYk;>
vy;yhtw;wpYk; xU xw;Wik cz;L. Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;jpy;> Fwpg;gpl;l
tUlj;jpy; gpwe;jth;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l rpwg;gpid> Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;lth;fs; vd;gijAk;> mth;fs; tUq;fhyk; vg;gb ,Uf;Fk;
vd;gijAk; fzpj;Jf; $Wtjpy; vy;yh ehLfSk; xd;WgLk;. Mdhy;
fzf;fpLk; Kiw kl;LNk NtWgLk;.
5
Kd; nrhd;d fijapy; Fwpg;gpl;l gb> rPdhtpy; xt;nthU tUlKk;
xt;nthU tpyq;fpidf; Fwpf;Fk;. xt;nthU khjKk; xt;nthU kzp
NeuKk; xt;nthU tpyq;fpidf; Fwpf;Fk;.
vyp
vyp vUJ Gyp Kay; buhfd; ghk;G Fjpiu ML Fuq;F Nrty; eha; gd;wp
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971
1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947
1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935
6
vyp
vyp vUJ Gyp Kay; buhfd; ghk;G Fjpiu ML Fuq;F Nrty; eha; gd;wp
1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923
1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911
8
tUq;fhyr; rPd tUlq;fs;
2010 - gpg;uthp 14 Gyp
2011 - gpg;uthp 3 Kay;
2012 - [dthp 23 buhfd;
2013 - gpg;uthp 10 ghk;G
2014 - [dthp 31 Fjpiu
2015 - gpg;uthp 19 ML
9
xt;nthU %yfKk; xt;nthU Fwpfspd; jd;ikfis MSk;.
10
23:00 - 01:00: vyp
01:00 - 03:00: vUJ
03:00 - 05:00: Gyp
05:00 - 07:00: Kay;
07:00 - 09:00: buhfd;
09:00 - 11:00: ghk;G
11:00 - 13:00: Fjpiu
13:00 - 15:00: ML
15:00 - 17:00: Fuq;F
17:00 - 19:00: Nrty;;
19:00 - 21:00: eha;
21:00 - 23:00: gd;wp
tUlf; Fwp> khjf; Fwp> Neuf; Fwp ,k;%d;iwAk; ,izj;Nj xUthpd;
Fzhjpaq;fisf; fzpf;fpwJ rPd N[hjplk;.
rPd N[hjplj;jpd; rpd;dq;fSf;F ,izaha; ,e;jpa N[hjplj;jpYk;>
Nkw;fj;jpa N[hjplj;jpYk; rpd;dq;fs; cz;L. mtw;iw ,q;F
ghh;gN
; ghk;.
rPdk; ,e;jpah Nkiy ehLfs;
11
1 JWJW vyp
(1900> 1912> 1924> 1936> 1948> 1960> 1972 >1984> 1996> 2008> 2020> 2032> 2044)
13
khiyapy; gpwe;j vypthrpfSf;F fhiyapy; gpwe;jth;fis tplTk;
rw;Nw fbdkhd tho;fi
; fiag; gpd;gw;w Ntz;b tUk;.
njhopy;
vypthrpfs; mjpGj;jprhypfs;. epidthw;wy; kpf;fth;fs;. vijAk;
vspjpy; fw;f ty;yth;fs;. cz;ikahdth;fs;. mjpfk; gbf;f
tpUk;Gthh;fs;. jq;fisg; gw;wp mofha; $wTk; vOjTk;;
jFe;jth;fs;. JWJWntd vijahtJ njhpe;J nfhs;Sk; Mh;tk;
cs;sth;fs;.
vypthrpfs; ,ufrpaq;fis fl;bf; fhg;gjpy; if Njh;ej ; th;fs;.
mLj;jth;fspd; ,ufrpaq;fis mwpAk; Mh;tk; mth;fsplj;jpy;
mjpfkhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. mth;fspd; ,e;j tpraq;fisj; njhpe;J
nfhs;Sk; Mty; mjpfkha; ,Ug;gjpd; fhuzkha;> mth;fs; Njh;ej ;
vOj;jhsh;fsha; ,Ug;ghh;fs;.
mth;fs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; mtiug; Nghw;Wk; $l;lj;jth;fs;
,y;yhky; ,Uf;f khl;lhh;fs;. mth;fs; kdjpw;F gpbj;jkhdth;fsha;
,Ug;ghh;fs;. vg;NghJk; gspr;nrd;W kfpo;rr
; pAld; ,Uf;Fk; cUt
mikg;igg; ngw;wth;fs;. mjdhy; mth;fs; rKjhaj;jpy; kpfTk;
Nghw;wj;jf;fth;fshAk; mjpfkhd Ntiy cs;sth;fshAk; ,Ug;ghh;fs;.
mth;fSf;F $l;lq;fSf;Fr; nry;yTk; tpohf;fSf;Fr; nry;yTk;
kpfTk; gpbf;Fk;. mth;fs; jdpj;Jtk; tha;ej ; FOf;fspy; ,Uf;f
tpUk;Gthh;fs;. mth;fSf;F gy ,ufrpa csthspfs; ,Ug;ghh;fs;.
ve;j tpraj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhYk; mjpy; mjpf <LghL ,Uf;Fk;.
kpFe;j Gj;jp $h;ik> vspjpy; Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; jd;ik fhuzkha;
mth;fs; cah;ej ; gjtpfis mila Kayyhk;. mth;fsJ Fzk;
fhuzkhAk; rhpahd KbT vLf;Fk; jd;ik fhuzkhAk;>
gpur;rpidfSf;F vspjpy; jPhT ; fhZk; jpwk; ngw;wth;fs;. mjdhy;
cah;gjtpfSf;F Fwp itf;fyhk;. mJ kjpg;igAk; nry;thf;ifAk;
ngw;Wj; jUk;. mth;fs; ey;y v[khdh;fshAk; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. GjpJ
Gjpjhd fhhpaq;fisr; nra;a tpUk;Gfpwth;fs;. mjdhy; ,ir
ty;Yeh;fs;> eifr;Rit tpj;jfh;fs;> murpay;thjpfs;> tof;fwpQh;fs;>
fhh; ge;ja tPuh;fs;> Muha;rr ; pahsh;fs;> ,af;Feh;fs;> Nkyhsh;fs;>
eph;thfpfs; vd ,Uf;f Kayyhk;. ,tw;wpy; mth;fs; gpufhrpf;f
mjpf tha;gG ; fs; fpl;Lk;.
cwT
cwtpdh;fs; tpraj;jpy; mth;fs; kpfTk; jahs Fzk; kpf;fth;fs;.
cwtpdh;fis vg;NghJk; Mjhpf;f vz;Zthh;fs;. ngw;NwhUf;F mjpf
kjpg;G nfhLg;ghh;fs;. jq;fs; Foe;ijfspd; Nky; ghrk; kpff;
nfhz;lth;fs;. mth;fSf;F FLk;gk;> tPL> kidtp> kf;fs; kpfg;
gpbj;jkhd tpraq;fs;. FLk;g tho;fi; ff;F kpfTk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
nfhLg;ghh;fs;.
14
mth;fSf;F Rw;wpYk; kdpjh;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;Gk;
fhuzj;jhy;> vg;NghJNk Gjpa Gjpa kdpjh;fisr; re;jpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl
,Ug;ghh;fs;. mth;fs; cwTfisj; Jz;bf;f tpUk;g khl;lhh;fs;.
mjdhy; rpy Neuq;fspy; Gjpa el;Gfis Vw;f jilfs; Vw;gLk;.
vypthrpfSld; el;G itf;f tpUk;Ggth;fs; mth;fSf;F ,izaha;
RWRWg;gha; ,Uf;f Kaw;rp nra;tJ eyk;.
cly; eyk;
vypthrpfspd; cly; epiy nghJtha; ed;whfNt ,Uf;Fk;. mth;fs;
vg;NghJk; RWRWg;ghfNt ,Uf;Fk; fhuzj;jhy;> jq;fs; cly;
epiyia ey;y gbahfTk; Neha;fis vjph;jJ; g; NghuhLk; tifapYk;
itj;Jf; nfhs;thh;fs;.
vypthrpfs; rQ;rykha; ,Uf;Fk; rkaj;ij vspjha;; fz;L
nfhs;syhk;. me;j rkaq;fspy; kpfTk; mikjpaw;wth;fshAk;
Nfhgf;fhuh;fshAk; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. mj;jifa Neuq;fspy; kd
mOj;jj;jhy; jtpg;ghh;fs;. kdij mikjpg;gLj;Jk; gapw;rpfis
fw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy; eyk;.
kw;nwhU FiwAk; mth;fsplj;jpy; cz;L. xNu Neuj;jpy; gy
fhhpaq;fspy; <LgLtNj mJ. jq;fs; rf;jpapid gy fhhpaq;fspy;
tpuak; nra;J mtw;iw Kbf;f Kbahky; jtpg;ghh;fs;. ,J
clYf;Fk; NfL tpistpf;Fk;.
vyp tUlj;ija gpugyq;fs;
15
neUg;G vyp
([dthp 24> 1936 - gpg;uthp 10> 1937
gpg;uthp 19> 1996 - gpg;uthp 06> 1997)
Fzq;
Fzq;fs; Mf;Nuhrk;> RWRWg;G> Nghl;bfis vjph; nfhs;Sk;
jd;ik> jd;dk;gpf;if> kd cWjp> nfhs;if gpbg;G Nghd;w
Fzq;fisf; nfhz;lth;fs;. JLf;Fj;jdkhdth;fs;. gazk;
nry;tJ tpUk;gj; jf;f tprak;. Gjpa Ntiyfis tpUk;gp
Vw;ghh;fs;. xNu khjphpahd Ntiy Vw;gLj;Jk; Nrhh;tpypUe;J
jg;gpf;f tpj;jpahrkhd Ntiyfisr; nra;a Jbg;gh;. gpwuhy;
tpUk;gg;gLgth;fs;.
ku vyp
(gpg;uthp 05> 1924 - [dthp 24> 1925
gpg;uthp 02> 1984 - gpg;uthp 19> 1985)
Fzq;fs; Mty;> cs;Szh;T> vspjpy; Ghpe;J nfhs;Sjy;>
#oYf;FNfw;g khWjy;> rpuj;ij Nghd;w Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;lth;fs;. ntspj;Njhw;wj;jpy; jd;dk;gpf;if kpf;fth;fsha;
Njhd;wpa NghJk;> jq;fsJ Fiwfis ntspf;fhl;bf; nfhs;s
khl;lhh;fs;. Njhy;tpiaf; fz;L mQ;rpa NghJk;> mth;fs;
ntw;wp ngWtJ epr;rak;. ez;gh;fSlDk; FLk;gj;jhUlDk;
,Ug;gJ ,d;gk; juf; $baJ. md;Gk; kjpg;Gk; mth;fs;
tpUk;Gk; gz;Gfs;.
G+kp vyp
(gpg;uthp 10> 1948 - [dthp 28> 1949
gpg;uthp 07> 2008 - [dthp 25> 2009)
Fzq;fs; ek;gpf;if> njsptha; Muha;eJ ; KbT vLj;jy;>
khWjy;fspy; tpUg;gk;> J}a;ik Nghd;w Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;lth;fs;. ];jpuj; jd;ik> ntw;wpfukha; Ntiyia Kbf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;w Mokhd gw;Wjy; tpUk;gg;gLk; Fzq;fs;.
nkJtha;> epjhdkha;f; fhhpaq;fisr; nra;tijNa rpwe;j top
vd;W vz;Zthh;fs;.
cNyhf vyp
([dthp 31> 1900 - gpg;uthp 18> 1901
[dthp 28> 1960 - gpg;uthp 14> 1961)
Fzq;fs; vspjpy; czh;rr ; p trg;gLk; jd;ik> cah;ej ;
nfhs;ifAld; ,Uj;jy;> vz;zq;fshy; jd;idj;jhNd
Cf;Ftpj;jy;> vijAk; tpl;L nfhLf;fhik Nghd;w Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;lth;fs;. vt;tsT tpiyahapDk;> jhq;f ; s; tpUk;gpaijg;
ngw tplhgpb nfhs;ifAld; miythh;fs;. nghwhik> Nguhir>
16
MSik gpur;rpidfisf; nfhz;L tUk;. cwTfspy; rpf;fy;fs;
Vw;gl tha;gG
; fs; mjpfk;.
ePh; vyp
(gpg;uthp 18> 1912 - gpg;uthp 05> 1913
gpg;uthp 15> 1972 - gpg;uthp 02> 1973)
Fzq;fs; tpNtfk;> Qhdk;> fy;tpahy; Cf;fk;> vspjpy; Ghpe;J
nfhs;Sjy; Nghd;w Fzq;fisf; nfhz;lth;fs;. trPfuj;
jd;ikAilath;fs;. rhkh;jj
; par;rhypfs;. Mo;ej; mwpT
ngw;wth;fs;. rpe;jidahsh;fs;. gpur;rpidfSf;F jPhT
;
fhz;gjpy; rkh;jj ; h;fs;. eilKiwthjpfs;. Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk;
jd;ik vy;NyhhplKk; ed;F gofTk;> gyuhYk;
tpUg;gg;gLgtuhfTk; nra;Ak;.
ePqf
; s; vyp tUlj;jpy; gpwe;jpUe;jhy;> Nkw;nrhd;d Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;bUg;ghP f
; s; vd;W rPdh;fs; fzpf;fpd;wdh;.
vyp tUlg; gyd;fs; s: re;jh;gk;> ey;y vjph;fhyk; ,e;j tUlj;jpd;
Kf;fpahk;rq;fs;. njhopy; Jiw nghJtha; ed;wha; ,Ue;jhYk;>
tUlj;jpd; gpw;gFjpapy; vjph;ghuhj khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;L tpahghuq;fspy;
f\;l e\;lq;fs; Vw;gLk;. vJtha; ,Ue;jhYk;. ,e;j tUlj;jpy;
njhlq;fpa fhhpaq;fs; ntw;wp ngWk; tha;gG ; f;fs; kpf mjpfk;.
17
2 ciog;ghsp vUJ
(1901>1913>1925>1937>1949>1961>1973>1985>1997>2009>2021>2033>2045)
19
nghWikAk; nfhz;lth;fshjyhy;> msthfNt NgRthh;fs;. Ntz;ba
NghJ NgRtdtw;iw thh;ji
; jr; Rj;jkhAk; ftdkhAk; NgRthh;fs;.
FWf;F topia ek;ghjth;fs;. ciof;f tpUg;gkpy;yhjth;fisAk;
Nrhk;NgwpfisAk; kjpf;fj;jfhjth;fsha; vz;Zgth;fs;.
mLj;jth;fspd; mgpg;gpuhaj;ij jpwe;j kdk; nfhz;L Nfl;Lf;
nfhs;thh;fs;. jq;fsJ mwpthh;ej ; Muha;rr
; papd; mbg;gilapNyNa
KbTfis vLg;ghh;fs;.
tajhd fhyj;jpy; mjpf kfpo;rr
; pAld; ,Ug;ghh;fs;.
,e;j tUlj;jpy; gpwe;jth;fsplk; cs;s nfl;l Fzk; gpbthj Fzk;.
FWfpa kdk; nfhz;L nray;gLjy; kw;wth;fSldhd el;igf;
Fiwf;Fk;.
njhopy;
vUJthrpfs; kpfTk; ek;gfkhdth;fs;. Ntiyia Kbf;Fk; tiu
jq;fsJ nray;fisj; jpl;lkpl;Lj; njhlh;eJ
; nra;j tz;zk;
,Ug;ghh;fs;. mth;fs; eLepiy nfhz;lth;fs;. ,t;tsT
ew;Fzq;fs; nfhz;l NghJk; mth;fsJ mlKk; NfhgKk; rpy rkak;
mth;fsJ gytPdq;fsha; mike;J tpLk;.
vUJthrpfspd; ek;gfkhd jd;ikapd; fhuzkha; mth;fs; gy
Neuq;fspy; cah;ej; mjpfhuj;jpYk; nghWg;GfspYk; ,Ug;gth;fsha;
jpfo;thh;fs;. mth;fs; cyfpy; vy;yhiuAk; tpl NkNy NkNy nry;y
tpUg;gk; nfhz;lth;fs;. mth;fs; jhq;fs; nra;Ak; njhopYf;F kl;Lk;
mbikahfhky; ,Uf;Fk;gb ghh;jJ ; f; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. vUJthrpfs;
rkak; tUk;NghJ jiy rpwe;j jiyth;fshfTk;> Ngr;rhsh;fshfTk;
,Ug;ghh;fs;. fbdkhd Neuq;fspYk; $l mth;fs; mwpT jwpnfl;Lg;
Nghfhky; rhpahd topapy; nray;gLk; jd;ik nfhz;lth;fs;.
xNu khjphpahd Ntiyiar; nra;a tpUk;Gthh;fs;. Mdhy; nra;Ak;
Ntiyia Nfhh;itahfTk;> Neh;jj ; pahfTk; nra;a Kay;thh;fs;.
vijAk; ftdkha; nra;a vz;Zthh;fs;. vUJthrpfs; $l;L
Kaw;rpfspy; mjpfk; fye;J nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;. tPz; Ngr;Rf;Fk;
Mlk;gu gfl;Lf;Fk; ,lk; ju khl;lhh;fs;.
mth;fspd; gpwtpf;FzNk jiyik jhq;Fk; Fzk;.
mth;fs; ifj;jpwd; kpf;fth;fs; vd;gjhy; kUj;Jth;fshfTk;> mWit
rpfpr;ir epGzh;fshfTk;> fl;bl ty;Yeh;fshfTk; ,Uf;fj;
jFe;jth;fs;. Nghh;tuP h;fshfTk;> tpahghu ty;Yeh;fshfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;.
20
cwT
mth;fs; FLk;gj;ij md;Gld; ftdpj;Jf; nfhs;thh;fs;. tPli
; l
mjpfk; tpUk;Gthh;fs;. FLk;gj;jpdUf;F Njitahdtw;iw rhpahd
Neuj;jpy; ju ty;yth;fs;. jq;fs; ez;gh;fSf;Fk; cwtpdh;fSf;Fk;
jq;fs; gq;fpw;F epiwaNt nra;af; $bath;fs;.
jhq;fs; tpUk;Ggth;fsplk; mlq;fhj tpRthrk; nfhs;gth;fs;. mth;fs;
vjphpfis vg;gb vjphg;g; hh;fs; vd;W nrhy;yNt KbahJ. mjdhy;
vUJthrpfis vjph;ff ; KayhjPhf ; s;. mth;fSld; neUq;fpa el;G
nfhs;tjw;F gy fhyk; gof Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. Mdhy; gofptpl;lhNyh>
mJ kpfTk; gykhd el;gha; mikAk;. mth;fs; xUth; Nky;
ek;gpf;if itj;J tpl;lhy; mth;fSf;F kpfTk; ek;gfkhfTk;
md;GlDk; ele;J nfhs;thh;fs;.
jdf;F jFe;j $l;lhspfis ePzl ; ehl;fs; gofpa gpd;dNu Njh;T
nra;J nfhs;thh;fs;. cwtpy; khw;wq;fis tpUk;g khl;lhh;fs;.
vUJthrpfSf;F xUth; Nky; ek;gpf;if Ngha;tpl;lhYk;> Nfhgk;
Vw;gl;lhYk; mijr; rPh; nra;J kPzL
; k; cwitg; GJg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;tJ
kpfTk; fbdk;.
ngz;fs; rpwe;j FLk;gj;jiytpfsha;; jpfo;thh;fs;. Foe;ijfspd;
fy;tpf;F kpFe;j Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;Jr; nray;gLthh;fs;.
cly; eyk;
mth;fs; nghJthfNt kpfTk; ey;y cly;epiyiaf; nfhz;lth;fs;.
mth;fs; Neha;tha;gg; LtJ kpfTk; fbdk;. mjdhy; mth;fs;
gykpy;yhjth;fsplk; gof tpUk;g khl;lhh;fs;. mth;fs; kdij
mikjpaha; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; gapw;rpfisr; nra;jy; eyk; Nrh;fF
; k;.
vUJthrpfs; tPlb
; Ny ,Ug;gijNa trjpaha; vz;Zthh;fs;.
Ntiyfisj; njhlh;eJ ; nra;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk; fhuzj;jhy; Xa;T
gw;wpa ftdk; ,Uf;fhJ.
vUJthrpfSf;F Nfhgk; Vw;gl;lhy;> mth;fs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lk; ,uz;L
gl;LtpLk;. me;j Neuq;fspy; ve;j thh;ji ; jfSk; vLglhJ.
mth;fsha; mikjpahFk; tiu nghWf;f Ntz;Lk;.
vUJ tUlj;ija gpugyq;fs;
Kd;dhs; FbauRj; jiyth; ePyk; rQ;[pt nul;b> nld;dp]; tPuh;fs;
ypad;lh; gpa];> uNk\; fpU\;zd;> fphpf;nfl; tPuh;fs; rr;rpd;
njz;Ly;fh;> jpNd\; fhh;jj ; pf;> tpQ;Qhdp N`hkp ghgh> ebfh; `pUjpf;
Nuh\d;> ebif I];th;ah uha; gr;rd;> gpud;R kd;dd; neg;Nghypad;
Nghdghh;l>; fhh;^d; epGzh; thy;l; b];dp> mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjp hpr;rh;l;
epf;rd;> ebfh; rhh;yp rhg;ypd;
21
mjph;\l
; vz;fs; 1> 5> 12> 15> 33> 35> 51> 53
xj;Jg; NghFk; tpyq;Ffs;
fs : vyp> Nrty;> ghk;G
xj;Jg; Nghfhj tpyq;
tpyq;Ffs;
fs : Gyp> Fjpiu> ML
%yff; Fzq;fs;
vUJthrpfs; Ie;J %yfq;fSld; NrUk; NghJ ntt;NtW
Fzq;fisg; ngWtjha; rPd N[hjplk; ek;GfpwJ.
neUg;G vUJ
(gpg;uthp 11>1937 - [dthp 30>1938
gpg;uthp 07>1997 - [dthp 27>1998)
Fzq;fs; rf;jp tha;ej ; > gzj;jpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;Fk;>
NghuhLk; jd;ik nfhz;L> Fwpf;NfhshL thOk; Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;lth;fs;. gpwtpj; jiyth;fs;. NtiyapYk;> r%fj;jpy;
Kf;fpa nghWg;Gfspy; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. gpwhpd; fUj;Jf;fis
rkaq;fspy; Vw;fhky; rpf;fy;fspy; khl;bf; nfhs;sf; $bath;fs;.
ku vUJ
22
cNyhf vUJ
24
3 RWRWg;G Gyp
(1902 1914 1926 1938 1950 1962 1974 1986 1998 2010 2022 2034 2046)
Neuk; ,uT 3:00 Kjy; 5:00 tiu
chpa jpir fpof;F> tl fpof;F
chpa fhyq;fs; Fsph;fhyk;> gpg;uthp khjk;
epiyahd %yfk;
%yfk kuk;
apd;-ahq;
ahq ahq;
flTsh;fs; itj;j Mw;iwf; flf;Fk; Nghl;bapy; vyp KjypYk; vUJ
,uz;lhtjhAk; te;J Kjy; ,uz;L tUlq;fspd; rpd;dq;fsha; njhpT
nra;ag;gl;ld. vj;jid typajha; ,Ue;j NghJk; Gyp %d;whtJ
,lj;ijNa gpbf;f Kbe;jJ. ,J mth;fis Mr;rhpaj;jpw;F
cs;shf;fpaJ. fhuzk; Nfl;l NghJ> Gyp ePej ; p tUk; NghJ Mw;wpd;
Ntfk; mjpfkha; ,Ue;jjhYk; kpfTk; rpukg;gl;L mij vjph;jJ; ePej
; p
te;j fhuzj;jhYk; rpwpJ jhkjk; Vw;gl;lJ vd;W Gypahh; $wpajha;
fij xd;W cz;L.
fPof
; z;l NjjpfSf;Fs; gpwe;jpUe;jhy; mth;fs; midtUk; Gyp
tUlj;ijr; Nrh;ej
; th;fs; Mthh;fs;.
njhopy;
gpwtpapNyNa jiyik jhq;Fk; Fzk; nfhz;lth;fs;. mth;fsplk;
,Uf;Fk; mjpfhuj; jd;ik mth; mUNf ,Uf;Fk; midtiuAk;
mth;fs; tpUk;gpagb top elj;jpr; nry;y cjTk;.
G+kp Gyp
([dthp 31>1938 - gpg;uthp 18>1939
[dthp 28>1998 - gpg;uthp 15>1999)
Fzq;fs; fbd ciog;G> gbg;gjpy; mf;fiw> eLT epiyik>
nghWg;G> Fwpf;Nfhspd; Nky; gw;Wjy; Mfpa Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;lth;fs;. #o;epiyf; ifjpahf khl;lhh;fs;. gha;tjw;F
Kd; vy;yh gf;fq;fisAk; myrp MuhAk; jd;ik ngw;wth;fs;.
cNyhf Gyp
29
Gyp tUlg; gyd;fs;s: Gyp tUlk; epiyaw;w jd;ik nfhz;lJ. me;j
tUlj;jpy; Nghh;> ,aw;if rPww
; k;> Nghuhl;lq;fs; Vw;gLk;. khw;wq;fs;
epiwe;J fhzg;gLk;. mit ed;ikapy; KbAk; jd;ikAk;
nfhz;ldtha; mikAk;.
30
4 mikjp Kay;
(1903 1915 1927 1939 1951 1963 1975 1987 1999 2011 2023 2035 2047)
Neuk; fhiy 5:00 Kjy; 7:00 tiu
chpa jpir fpof;F
chpa fhyq;fs; tre;j fhyk;> khh;r; khjk;
epiyahd %yfk;
%yfk kuk;
apd;-ahq;
ahq apd;
flTsh;fs; itj;j Mw;iwf; flf;Fk; Nghl;bapy; vyp KjypYk; vUJ
,uz;lhtjhfTk;> Gyp %d;whtjhfTk; te;J Kjy; %d;W tUlq;fspd;
rpd;dq;fsha; njhpT nra;ag;gl;ld. Kay; kpfTk; rhJthdJk;
nkd;ikahd cly; nfhz;ljhfTk; ,Ue;j NghJk; mJ ehd;fhtjha;
te;jJ flTsh;fSf;F Mr;rhpaj;ijj; je;jJ. fhuzk; Nfl;l NghJ>
jhd; Kjypy; Mw;iw flf;f vd;d nra;tJ vd;W Nahrpj;jjhAk;>
gpwF Mw;wpd; eLNt ,Ue;j ghiwfspd; Nky; Fjpj;J Fjpj;J ghjp
J}uj;ijf; fle;jjhAk; Kay; $wpajhk;. gpwF vd;d ele;jJ vd;W
flTsh;fs; Mtyha; Nfl;f> ghiw KbTw;wJk; jhd; Nghl;bapy;
n[apf;f KbahJ vd;W vz;zpa Neuj;jpy; me;jg; gf;fk; xU kuf;
fl;il kpje;J tu mijg; gw;wpf; nfhz;L jhd; fiuiar; Nrh;ej
; jha;
Kay; $wpajhk;.
,e;jf; fij Kay; Vd; ehd;fhtjha; te;jJ vd;gijf; Fwpj;Jf;
$wg;gLk; fij.
fPof
; z;l NjjpfSf;Fs; gpwe;jpUe;jhy; mth;fs; midtUk; Kay;
tUlj;ijr; Nrh;ej
; th;fs; Mthh;fs;.
32
ve;jg; gpur;rpidfspYk; rpf;fpf; nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;. f\;lq;fisf;
fz;L mDjhgg;gl;L cjt Kd; tUthh;fs;. Mdhy; mjw;fhf
vjph;jJ
; g; Nghuhl Ntz;Lnkd;why;> Ms; fz;fspy; gl khl;lhh;fs;.
clNd ntspNawp tpLthh;fs;.
mth;fSf;Ff; f\;lq;fSk; Jd;gq;fSk; gpbf;fhj xd;W.
Kay;thrpfs; f\;lq;fistpl;L ntF njhiytpy; Xl vj;jdpg;ghh;fs;.
gak; Vw;gLk; NghJ mth;fs; vd;d nra;thh;fs; vd;Nw njhpahJ.
mth;fis kpfTk; tw;GWj;jpdhy;> cwNt Ntz;lhk; vd;W ntl;br;
nry;Yk; jd;ik nfhz;lth;fs;. mth;fsplk; gpwtpapNyNa vjph;fF
; k;
jd;ik fpilahJ. mth;fs; jq;fs; topapy; gpur;rpidfis vjph;
nfhs;thh;fs;. jq;fisg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s ed;F mwpe;jth;fs;.
jq;fs; nrhe;j tpraq;fisAk; nghUl;fisAk; ftdpj;Jf; nfhs;s
vd;d tpiy nfhLf;fTk; jahuha; ,Ug;ghh;fs;.
vd;d ele;jhYk; mth;fSf;F jq;fs; fhypNyNa epw;Fk; jpwidg;
ngw;W jilfisj; jhz;l ty;yth;fs;. jq;fs; Nky; mjpf ek;gpf;if
nfhz;lth;fs;. mth;fs; jpUg;jpahd tho;fi
; f tho tpUk;Gthh;fs;.
njhopy;
Ntiy ,lq;fspYk; mth;fspd; mikjpAk;> gzpTk; mth;fis
ek;gfkhdth;fsha; fhl;Lk;. kpfTk; fbdkhd tpahghug; Ngr;Rf;fis
mikjpahd Kiwapy; Ngrp Kbf;Fk; jpwd; mth;fsplk; ,Uf;Fk;.
33
Kay;thrpfs; ed;F ftdkha; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. mLj;jthpd; Ngr;rpid
rhpaha; nrtpkLj;Jr; nray;gLthh;fs;. mth;fs; ,uf;f Fzk;
ngw;wth;fs;. ,aw;ifapNyNa ,dpikahd jd;ik ngw;wth;fs;.
mjdhy; mth;fs; cwtpdh;fs; ez;gh;fs; kj;jpapy; gpugykhdth;fsha;
,Ug;ghh;fs;. mth;fSf;F ek;gj;jFe;j ez;gh;fs; gyh; ,Ug;ghh;fs;.
Kay;thrpfSf;F tpNuhjpfs; mt;tsthf ,Uf;f khl;lhh;fs;.
kdpjh;fis rhpaha;; Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; Fzk; mth;fsplk; gpwtpapNyNa
,Ug;gjhy;> mth;fs; rw;Nw mfe;ijAld; elg;gJ Nghy; Njhd;Wk;.
mth;fs; vg;NghJk; el;GlDk; ghrj;Jld; ,Ug;ghh;fs;.
nghJ ,lq;fspy; ahiuAk; jh;k rq;flkhd epiyf;Fj; js;s
khl;lhh;fs;. vg;gb xUtiuf; fhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mth;fSf;Fj;
njhpAk;. czh;TfSf;F kjpg;Gf; nfhLf;fj; njhpe;jth;fs; vd;gjhy;>
midtuhYk; tpUk;gg;gLk; [Ptd;fs; ,th;fs;.
cNyhf Kay;
(gpg;uthp 06>1951 - [dthp 26>1952
35
gpg;uthp 03>2011 - [dthp 22> 2012)
Fzq;fs; fiyeak;> rhe;jk;> czh;rr ; p trg;gLjy;> Muha;eJ
;
mwpAk; jd;ik Mfpa Fzq;fisg; ngw;wth;fs;. mth;fs;
gyrhypfshfTk; Fwpf;NfhSilath;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghh;fs;.
nra;Ak; nraypy; fz;Zk; fUj;Jkha; ,Ug;gh;.
ePh; Kay;
([dthp 29>1903 - gpg;uthp 15>1904
[dthp 25>1963 - gpg;uthp 12>1964)
Fzq;fs; nkd;ik> mikjp jUk; Cf;fk;> eLT epiyik>
mjpfk; ntspahl;fSld; gofhj Fzk; Nghd;w Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;lth;fs;. tho;fi; f NghFk; jpirapy; nry;Yk; jd;ik>
gpur;rpidfis jtph;fF
; k; jd;ik> mLj;jtUf;F cjtp nra;Ak;
jd;ik ngw;wth;fs;.
ePqf
; s; Kay; tUlj;jpy; gpwe;jpUe;jhy;> Nkw;nrhd;d Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;bUg;ghP f
; s; vd;W rPdh;fs; fzpf;fpd;wdh;.
Kay; tUlg; gyd;fs; s: Kay; tUlk; Gyp tUlj;ijg; Nghd;W
ntbf;fhky; kpfTk; mikjpiaj; juf; $ba tUlk;. f\;lq;fs;
mjpfk; ,uhky;> kpjkhd tUlkha; ,Uf;Fk;.
36
5 tPu buhfd;
(1904 1916 1928 1940 1952 1964 1976 1988 2000 2012 2024 2036)
Neuk; fhiy 7:00 Kjy; 9:00 tiu
chpa jpir fpof;F> njd; fpof;F
chpa fhyq;fs;
s; tre;j fhyk;> Vg;uy;; khjk;
epiyahd %yfk;
%yfk kuk;
apd;-ahq;
ahq ahq;;
buhfd; vd;gJ rpq;fk; Nghd;w jiyAk; ghk;G Nghd;w tisthd ePzl
;
clYk; nfhz;l tpyq;F.
40
mth;fs; ez;gh;fSf;Fk; cwtpdh;fSf;Fk; cz;ikahdth;fsha;
ele;J nfhs;thh;fs;. Ntz;ba NghJ fhg;ghw;w Kd; epw;ghh;fs;.
mth;fs; jhd; cjtpf;F Kjy; Msha; epw;ghh;fs;. mbf;fb
mLj;jtUf;F cjtp nra;Ak; buhfd;thrpfs;> jq;fSf;nfd cjtp
Nfl;fj; jaq;Fthh;fs;. mth;fsJ jd;ikAk;> elj;ijAk; gyiu
mth;fSld; gof itj;jhYk;> mth;fs; mbg;gilapy; jdpik
tpUk;gpfs;. mjdhNyNa mth;fs; jdpj;J tplg;gl;lhy; fhhpaq;fisr;
nrt;tNdr; nra;J Kbg;ghh;fs;.
fhjiy tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jhYk; nfhLg;ghh;fNsnahopa> Rje;jpuj;ij
tpl;Lf; nfhLf;f tpUk;gkhl;lhh;fs;. mth;fsJ JLf;Fj;jdkhd
Ngr;Rk; NfhgKk; mth;fs; cld; ,Ug;gth;fis tUj;jf; $baJ.
mjdhy; mth;fs; jplk; kpf;fth;fsha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mth;fs;
neUq;fpa ez;gh;fsplKk; cwtpdh;fsplKk; kl;LNk jq;fspd; Rf
Jf;fq;fis vLj;Jr; nrhy;yp md;igg; nghopaf; $bath;fs;.
cly; eyk;
fbd ciog;ig tpUk;Gk; ,th;fs; ngUk;ghYk; MNuhf;fpak;
kpf;fth;fs;. Jzpfukhd fhhpaq;fspy; mjpfk; <LgLtjhy; mth;fs;
kd mOj;jk; nfhz;L mbf;fb jiytypf;Fs;shFk; tha;gG ; cz;L.
mjdhy; kpfr; rhjhuz fhhpaq;fisr; nra;tJ mth;fSf;F eyk;
gaf;Fk;. Nahfhrdk;> elj;jy; Nghd;w gapw;rpfs; mth;fsJ
cliyAk; kdijAk; ed;Kiwapy; itf;f cjTk;.
mjph;\l
; vz;fs; 3> 4> 5> 6> 15> 21> 34> 35> 36> 45.
xj;Jg; NghFk; tpyq;Ffs;
fs : Fuq;F> vyp> ghk;G> Nrty;
xj;Jg; Nghfhj tpyq;Ffs;
fs : vUJ> ML> eha;
%yff;
%yff; Fzq;fs;
buhfd;thrpfs; Ie;J %yfq;fSld; NrUk; NghJ ntt;NtW
Fzq;fisg; ngWtjha; rPd N[hjplk; ek;GfpwJ.
41
neUg;G buhfd;
G+kp buhfd;
([dthp 23>1928 - gpg;uthp 09>1929
gpg;uthp 17> 1988 - gpg;uthp 05> 1989)
Fzq;fs; tPuk;> tpNtfk;> epiyahd jd;ik cilath;fs;.
cy;yhrpfs;. buhfd; epyj;jpy; Cd;wp ,Ug;gjhy;> mth;fs;
KbTfisr; rhpaha; vLg;ghh;fs;. rkNehf;F cilath;fs;.
jq;fsJ nray;fisf; fl;Lf;Fs; itj;jpUg;gth;fs;.
mLj;jth;fis Mjhpj;jhYk;> jd;id Nghw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;W
vz;Zthh;fs;. eilKiwr; nray;ghLfis ek;Ggth;fs;.
cNyhf buhfd;
(gpg;uthp 08>1940 - [dthp 26>1941
gpg;uthp 05>2000 - [dthp 23> 2001)
Fzq;fs; cz;ik> Ntfk;> tisahj jd;ik> jplk;> JzpT
nfhz;lth;fs;. cNyhfk;> buhfd; rpd;dj;jpd; gyj;ij NkYk;
gyg;gLj;jf; $baJ. mth;fs; nfhs;if gpbg;Gf; nfhz;lth;fs;.
jhd; ek;Gtij nray;gLj;jg; NghuhLthh;fs;. jd;Dila
fUj;Jfis vjph;gg ; th;fSld; ,Uf;f mjpfk; tpUk;Gthh;fs;.
jiyik jhq;Fk; Fzk; ngw;wth;fs;. mth;fspd; gpd; elf;f
gyh; ,Ug;ghh;fs;.
42
ePh; buhfd;
([dthp 27>1952 - gpg;uthp 13>1953
[dthp 23> 2012 - gpg;uthp 09>2013)
Fzq;fs; ePh>; buhfdpd; Mf;Nuh\j;ij rw;Nw kl;Lg;gLj;j
ty;yJ. mh;gg
; zpg;G Fzk; nfhz;lth;fs;. ek;gpf;iff;Fg;
ghj;jpukhdth;fs;. ek;gj; jFe;jth;fs;. mLj;jth;fspd;
fzpg;Gfis rPh; J}f;fpg; ghhg;g
; th;fs;. mth;fs; vg;NghJNk
rhpahd KbTfis vLf;ff; $bath;fs; my;y. mth;fs;
KbTfs; Muhag;gl;l Kbtha; ,Ue;jhy;> kw;wth;fspd;
fUj;JfSk; mjpy; mlq;fp ,Ue;jhy;> KbT rhpahdjha;
,Uf;ff; $Lk;.
ePqf
; s; buhfd; tUlj;jpy; gpwe;jpUe;jhy;> Nkw;nrhd;d Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;bUg;ghP f
; s; vd;W rPdh;fs; fzpf;fpd;wdh;.
buhfd; tUlg; gyd;fs;s: buhfd; tUlk; re;Njhrj;ijAk;
mjph;\l
; j;ijAk; jUk;. mJ rf;jp tha;ej; > gyk; nghUe;jpa rpd;dk;.
mjdhy; ,aw;ifr; rPww ; k; mjpfk; ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> ey;yd gy
elf;Fk;. jpUkzk; nra;gth;fs;> Gjpa njhopiy Muk;gpg;gth;fs;
,e;j tUlj;jpy; nra;jhy;> ed;ik ngWthh;fs;.
43
6 rhfrf;fhug; ghk;G
(1905 1917 1929 1941 1953 1965 1977 1989 2001 2013 2025 2037 2049)
Neuk; fhiy 9:00 Kjy; 11:00 tiu
chpa jpir njw;F> njd; fpof;F
chpa fhyq;fs; tre;j fhyk;> Nk khjk;
epiyahd %yfk;
%yfk neUg;G
apd;-ahq;
ahq apd;
flTsh;fs; itj;j Mw;iwf; flf;Fk; Nghl;bapy; vyp> vUJ> Gyp>
Kay;> buhfd; Kjy; Ie;J ,lq;fspy; te;jd. buhfd; te;J Nrh;ej ;
gpd;> Fok;Gr; rj;jk; Nfl;L flTsh;fs; me;jg; gf;fk; ghh;jj ; dh;.
fiuia vl;Lk; Neuj;jpy; jpBnud Fjpiuapd; Fok;gpypUe;J ghk;G
ntsp te;jJ. ,ijf; fz;L gae;J gpd; thq;fpaJ Fjpiu. ghk;G
Mwhtjha; Nghl;bapy; te;jJ. flTsh;fs; mij tho;jj ; p tUlr;
rf;fuj;jpd; MwhtJ rpd;dkha; njhpT nra;jhh;fs; vd;gJ fij.
fPo; fz;l NjjpfSf;Fs; gpwe;jpUe;jhy; mth;fs; midtUk; ghk;G
tUlj;ijr; Nrh;ej
; th;fs; Mthh;fs;.
45
mth;fs; jq;fisg; gw;wpa mUikahd vz;zq;fisf; nfhz;lth;fs;.
tpiy kjpg;Gs;s nghUl;fis tpUk;Gthh;fs;. Nghypfis tpUk;ghky;
cz;ikahd ey;y nghUl;fis thq;fpf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gthh;fs;.
ghk;Gthrpfs; mjpfhuj;ijg; nghpJk; tpUk;Gthh;fs;.
ntw;wpahsh;fisj; jq;fisr; Rw;wp ,Uf;Fk;gb ghh;jJ
; g; nfhs;thh;fs;.
mth;fis mjph;\l ; Kk; GfOk; jhNd Njb tUk;.
Gj;jprhypj;jdk;> ed;dlj;ij> nghUs; Nky; gw;W vd;w Fzq;fs;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit. KbTfs; vLf;f Ntz;ba Neuq;fspy; mth;fs;
fzf;fha; Nahrpj;Jr; nray;gLthh;fNsnahopa> jtwhd #oiy
cUthf;fpf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; KbTfis vLf;f khl;lhh;fs;.
jdf;F Ntz;Ltdtw;iw ngw> nra;a Ntz;baijr; nra;J>
mr;nraiy Kbf;f ty;yth;fs;.
tho;fi; fapy; ngw Ntz;ba midj;Jg; nghUl;fisAk; jq;fisr;
Rw;wp itj;Jf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gk; nghUshir nfhz;lth;fs; ,th;fs;.
mth;fsJ ,y;yq;fisf; fhZk; NghJ mJ njhpAk;. kpfTk;
Mlk;gukhdg; nghUs;fshy; tPli ; l myq;fhpj;J> mikjp Njl
tpUk;Gthh;fs;.
njhopy;
47
ghk;G tUlj;ija gpugyq;
gpugyq;fs;
,iraikg;ghsh; v. Mh;. u`khd;> kfhj;kh fhe;jp> Kd;dhs; jkpof
Kjy;th; vk;.[p.Mh;> ftpQh; ituKj;J> fphpf;nfl; tPuh;fs; kfpy
[ath;jNd> mutpe;j b rpy;th> ebfh; \hUf; fhd;> nld;dp]; Ml;l
tPuh; tp[a; mkph;juh[;> Kd;dhs; mnkhpf;f mjpgh; [hd;. vg;. nfd;db>
Xtpah; gg;Nyh gpfhNrh> mnkhpf;f murpay;thjp bf; rPdp> mnkhpf;fg;
ghlfh; ghg; ilyd;
mjph;\l
; vz;fs; 1> 2> 4> 6> 13> 24> 42> 46
xj;Jg; NghFk; tpyq;Ffs;
fs : Nrty;> vUJ
xj;Jg; Nghfhj tpyq;Ffs;
fs : gd;wp> Fuq;F
%yff; Fzq;fs;
ghk;Gthrpfs; Ie;J %yfq;fSld; NrUk; NghJ ntt;NtW
Fzq;fisg; ngWtjha; rPd N[hjplk; ek;GfpwJ.
neUg;G ghk;G
48
G+kp ghk;G
([dthp 27> 1941 - gpg;uthp 14>1942
[dthp 24> 2001 - gpg;uthp 01> 2002)
Fzq;fs; mikjp> jpUg;jp> Njhoik> Mo;ej ; mwpT
cilath;fs;. MNyhridg; ngwj; jFe;jth;fs;. fbd
ciog;ghy; tho;fi
; fapy; ey;y gyd;fis milth;. jq;fspd;
Muha;eJ
; czUk; mwptpd; Nky; mjpfk; ek;gpf;if itj;J
mijr; rhh;eJ; ,Ug;gh;. ek;gpf;iff;F cfe;jth;. ek;gj;
jFe;jth;.
cNyhf ghk;G
(gpg;uthp 14>1953 - gpg;uthp 02>1954
gpg;uthp 10> 2013 - [dthp 30> 2014)
Fzq;fs; vr;rhpf;if jd;ik> tplhKaw;rp> jpl;lkpLk; jd;ik>
RWRWg;G nfhz;lth;fs;. fw;gidf;Fk; vl;lhj mstpw;F>
Fwpf;Nfhs; Nehf;fpNa mth;fs; vz;zk; ,Uf;Fk;. jq;fSf;Ff;
fpilf;f Ntz;baij ve;jj; jil te;j NghJk; ngWk; Kaw;rp
,th;fsplj;jpy; cz;L. Njhy;tp vd;gJ ,th;fspd; mfuhjpapy;
fpilahJ. gzj;ijf; nfhz;L jq;fSf;nfd njhlh;eJ ;
vijNaDk; thq;fpa tz;zk; ,Ug;gh;.
ePh; ghk;G
(gpg;uthp 04>1905 - [dthp 24>1906
gpg;uthp 02>1965 - [dthp 20>1966)
Fzq;fs; gzj;jpd; kPJ gw;W> Mo;ej ; rpe;ij> nghWik
cilath;fs;. nry;thf;F> Cf;fk;> $hpa mwpT
,th;fspd; Fzj;ijf; Fwpj;Jr; nrhy;yg;gLk; thh;ji ; jfs;.
FOtpy; rpwe;j Kiwapy; gzp nra;th;. ftdpg;igAk;
ghuhl;ilAk; vjph;ghh;gg
; h;. kpf neUf;fkhdth;fsplk; kl;LNk
jq;fs; czh;Tfisg; gfph;eJ ; nfhs;th;.
ePqf
; s; ghk;G tUlj;jpy; gpwe;jpUe;jhy;> Nkw;nrhd;d Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;bUg;ghP f
; s; vd;W rPdh;fs; fzpf;fpd;wdh;.
ghk;G tUlg; gyd;fs;s: ghk;G tUlk; khw;wq;fs; gytw;iwf; nfhz;L
tUk;. Kaw;rpfSk;> NahridfSk; mjpfkha; ,Uf;Fk;.; mikjpaha;
gy Gjpa Gjpa tpraq;fs; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gLk;. Mdhy; mikjpahd
tUlkha; ,Uf;fhJ. kpfTk; fbdkhdr; #oy;> Ntw;Wikfs;
jPhf
; f
; g;glhj fhuzq;fshy;> Nghh;> Nghuhl;lq;fs; mjpfkha; ,Uf;Fk;.
ghk;G tUlk; kpfTk; vjph;kiwahd rf;jpfis cUthf;Fk; tUlk;.
49
7 Gj;jprhypf; Fjpiu
(1904 1918 1930 1942 1954 1966 1978 1990 2002 2014 2026 2038 2050)
Neuk; fhiy 11:00 Kjy; kjpak; 1:00 tiu
chpa jpir njw;F
chpa fhyq;fs; Nfhil fhyk;> [{d; khjk;
epiyahd %yfk;
%yfk neUg;G
apd;-ahq;
ahq ahq;
fPof
; z;l NjjpfSf;Fs; gpwe;jpUe;jhy; mth;fs; midtUk; Fjpiu
tUlj;ijr; Nrh;ej
; th;fs; Mthh;fs;.
cwT
midtiuAk; ftuj;jf;fth;fs;. mth;fs; Njhoik Fzk; mjpfk;
nfhz;lth;fshjyhy;> epiwa kdpjh;fs; $bapUf;Fk; $l;lq;fspy;
fye;J nfhs;s tpUk;Gthh;fs;. Nerpf;Fk; mNj Ntfj;jpy; ntWf;fTk;
nra;thh;fs;. Ntfkhf ez;gh;fshthh;fs;. mNj Ntfj;jpy; goFtjpy;
Mh;tkw;Wk; ,Ug;ghh;fs;.
rl;nld KbT vLf;ff;$bath;fs; vd;gjhy;> vijAk; Ntfj;Jld;
nra;th;. mjdhy; cld; ,Ug;gth;fSf;F mth;fSld; xj;Jg; NghtJ
rw;Nw rpukk;. xt;nthU Gjpa cwtpYk;> jd;Dila KO
xj;Jiog;igAk; juf; $bath;fs;. ,j;jifa jd;ik mth;fsJ
gpw;fhy tho;tpy; ];jpukhd> gykhd cwtpid Vw;gLj;jf; $baJ.
md;gpw;fhf vijAk; nfhLf;fj; jahuha; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. Fjpiuthrp
tPlb
; y; ,Ue;jhy;> tPlb
; y; ,Ug;gth;fs; midtuJ ftdKk;
mth;fsplk; ,Uf;Fk;gb ele;J nfhs;thh;fs;. mth;fs; vg;NghJk;
eLehafkha; ,Ue;J> vy;yhk; mth;fisr; Rw;wp elf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W
vz;Zk; ,ay;gpdh;. mjw;F ghprhf> cioj;J> vy;NyhUlDk; mijg;
gfph;eJ
; nfhs;th;.
cly; eyk;
eyk;
MNuhf;fpakhd cly; nfhz;lth;fs;. tho;fi
; fiar; rhp Nehf;fpy;
fhz;gjhy;> mth;fs; cly;epiy ed;whfNt ,Uf;Fk;. tpisahl;by;
Mh;tk; mjpfk; cs;sth;fs;. mth;fis ntl;l ntspapy; tpl;L
tpl;lhy;> kpFe;j cw;rhfj;Jld; nray;gLth;. fl;bg; Nghl;lhy; kl;LNk
NehAWth;. J}f;fkpd;ik Nehapdhy; jtpf;Fk; tha;gG ; k; cz;L.
52
Fjpiu tUlj;ija gpugyq;fs;
kfhftp ghujpahh;> fh;ehlf ,irf;fiyQh;; ghyKusp fpU\;zh>
Kd;dhs; gpujkh; ,e;jpuh fhe;jp> Kd;dhs; [dhjpgjp lhf;lh; rq;fh;
jahs; \h;kh> ftpQh; gl;Lf;Nfhl;il fy;ahzRe;juk;> vOj;jhsh;fs;
Mh;. Nf. ehuhazd;> rptrq;fhp> ebfh;fs;; fky`hrd;> mkpjhg; gr;rd;>
ebfh;fs; fpspz;l; ,];lT; l;> `hprd; Nghh;l>; ghlfp [Ndl; [hf;rd;>
Fj;Jr; rz;il tPuh; ikf; ilrd;> Kd;dhs; mnkhpf;f mjpgh; Nll;b
&];nty;l>; njhopyjpgh; thud; gngl;
mjph;\l
; vz;fs; 1> 3> 4> 8> 13> 14> 41> 43
ku Fjpiu
54
,Ue;jNghJk;> kw;w tUlq;fspy; elg;gd Nghd;W mjpu itf;Fk;
rk;gtq;fs; epr;rak; elf;Fk;.
55
8 gilghsp ML
(1907 1919 1931 1943 1955 1967 1979 1991 2003 2015 2027 2039 2051)
Neuk; kjpak; 1:00 Kjy; 3:00 tiu
chpa jpir njw;F> njd;Nkw;F
chpa fhyq;fs; Nfhil fhyk;> [_iy khjk;
epiyahd %yfk;
%yfk neUg;G
apd;-ahq;
ahq apd;
flTsh;fs; itj;j Mw;iwf; flf;Fk; Nghl;bapy; vyp> vUJ> Gyp>
Kay;> buhfd;> ghk;G> Fjpiu Kjy; VO ,lq;fspy; te;jd. Fjpiu
te;J Nrh;ej ; gpd;> ML> Fuq;F> Nrty; %d;Wk; flTsh;fspd;
fz;fspy; njd;gl;ld. ,k;Kd;W tpyq;FfSk; xUtUf;F xUth;
cjtp nra;J nfhz;Nl fiuia te;J Nru Kad;wd. Nrty; xU
kug; gyifiaf; fz;Lgpbj;J> kw;w ,uz;L tpyq;FfisAk; mjpy;
Vwr; nra;J mioj;J te;jJ. topapy; ,Ue;j Gjh;fspy; gyif
khl;bf; nfhz;l Nghnjy;yhk; Fuq;Fk;> MLk; mij tpyf;fp top
Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;J> ,Wjpapy; fiuia te;jile;jd. flTsh;fs;
mtw;iw tho;jj ; p tUlr; rf;fuj;jpd; vl;lhtJr; rpd;dkha; Ml;ilj;
njhpT nra;J Fuq;if xd;gjhtjhfTk;> Nrtiy gj;jhtjhfTk;
mwptpj;jhh;fs; vd;gJ fij.
,e;jf; fij ML Vd; vl;lhtjha; te;jJ vd;gijf; Fwpj;Jf;
$wg;gLk; fij.
fPof
; z;l NjjpfSf;Fs; gpwe;jpUe;jhy; mth;fs; midtUk; ML
tUlj;ijr; Nrh;ej
; th;fs; Mthh;fs;.
56
eak; kpf;fth;fshfTk;> ,dpikahdth;fshfTk;> trPfukhdth;fshfTk;
,Ug;gh;.
gilg;G> Gj;jprhypj;jdk;> mikjp> rhh;ej
; pUj;jy; Mfpa Fzhk;rq;fs;
nfhz;lth;fs;. jdpikia tpUk;Ggth;fs;. kdj;jpd; Xl;lj;ij
Muha;eJ; nfhz;L ,Ug;gJ gpbj;j tprak;. $l;lj;jpdUld; ,Ug;gJ
gpbj;jhYk;> eLehafkha; ,Uf;f tpUk;gkhl;lhh;fs;. mth;fsJ
ftdpf;Fk; jpwd; mth;fis ey;y ghJfhtyh;fsha; ,Uf;fr; nra;Ak;.
mth;fs; mlf;fKk;> mikjpAk; nfhz;lth;fs;. mjpf Neuj;ij
jq;fs; vz;z Xl;lq;fis ftdpg;gjpNyNa nrytopg;gh;.
,aw;ifapy; $r;r Rghtk; cs;sth;fs;. mth;fs; ew;gz;Gfisg;
ngw;wpUe;jhYk;> tho;fi
; f eilKiwfis Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjth;fs;.
jtwhd Neuq;fspy; jtwhdtw;iwf; $wp khl;bf; nfhs;Sk; gz;G
gyhplj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;. ,Ue;jhYk; mth;fsJ trPfuKk;> fglkw;w
jd;ikAk; mth;fSf;F Fiwtpy;yhj ez;gh;fisAk;>
njhz;lh;fisAk; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;Fk;.
mth;fs; ,aw;ifapNyNa #uh;fs;. nfl;ldtw;iw Cfpf;f
ty;yth;fs;. mth;fs; Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; jd;ikAk;> kd;dpf;Fk;
FzKk;> ,sfpa kdKk; nfhz;lth;fs;.
57
mth;fisg; gw;wp gpwh; tpkh;rdk; nra;tJ mth;fSf;Fg; gpbf;fhj
tprak;.
czh;TfSf;F mbikahfpg; Nghdth;fs;. mbf;fb vijNaDk;
Nahrpj;Jf; nfhz;Lk;> tUj;jg;gl;Lf; nfhz;Lk;> Jf;fpj;Jk; ,Ug;ghh;f
; s;.
MLthrpfis ahNuDk; xOq;Fg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mth;fsJ
jpwikiag; gad;gLj;j vLj;Jf; $wpr; nra;ar; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.
ahNuDk; mth;fis md;Gld; ftdpj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; ghh;jJ ; f;
nfhs;sTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mth;fsplk; mbf;fbg; Ngrp> ek;gpf;if
ju Ntz;Lk;.
MLthrpfs; jq;fis thl;Lk; tpraq;fis Neubaha; nrhy;y
khl;lhh;fs;. ePqf
; s; nky;y nky;y mth;fsplkpUe;Jj; JUtpj; JUtp
Nfl;L mwpa Ntz;Lk;. vy;yh Kaw;rpAk; Njhw;why;> mth;fsplk;
Nfhgkha; Ngrpdhy; NghJk;. tpraq;fs; ntspte;J tpLk;. nrhy;y
Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; mth;fs; kdjpy; gjpa Ntz;Lk;. gpd; vy;yh
ufrpaq;fisAk; nfhl;b tpLth;.
MLthrpfs; gy rkaq;fspy; ftiyAlNd ,Ug;ghh;fs;. mth;fis
kw;wth;fs; cw;rhfg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. vy;yhk; eyNk vd;W vLj;Jf;
$wp nray;gl itf;f Ntz;Lk;. ghuhl;Lf;fs; mth;fis kfpor;
nra;Ak;. Cf;Ftpj;jhy; mth;fs; neLe;njhiyT nry;y ty;yth;fs;.
MLthrpfSf;F ey;y vjph;fhyk; ,Uf;Fk;. mjph;\l; Kk; cz;L.
mth;fSf;F nrhj;J> capy; tpraq;fspy; ey;y gyd; fpilf;Fk;.
f\;lkhd #oypYk;> MLthrpfSf;Fj; Njitahdit vspjpy;
fpilj;JtpLk;. mth;fs; mr;RWj;jypd;wp jq;fs; fhhpaq;fisr; rhptur;
nra;af; $bath;fs;. mth;fsJ nghWikAk; rfpg;Gj; jd;ikAk;
rkaq;fspy; kw;wth;fis igj;jpakhfr; nra;Ak;. mth;fsJ
rkhjhdr; rhf;F jsur; nra;J tpLk;. mth;fis cilf;fNt
KbahJ.
MLthrpfs; mjpfr; nrythspfshfTk; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. mth;fs; gz
tptfhuq;fspy; mjpfk; <LgLjy; ey;yjy;y. mth;fs; Mlk;gukhfTk;
[hypahfTk; ,Uf;f tpUk;Gth;. eilKiwf;F xj;Jg;Nghfhjth;fs;.
jpwkhd Kbit vLf;fhky; kjpy; Nky; G+idaha; epw;gh;.
cly; eyk;
MLthrpfs; mikjpaha; ,Uf;Fk; fhuzj;jhy;> mth;fSf;F cly;
NfhshWfs; kpff; FiwNt. mth;fsJ ey;y ntspj;Njhw;wk;>
59
mth;fis vg;NghJk; MNuhf;fpakhdth;fshfNt fhl;Lk;. mth;fs;
kfpo;Tld; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ MNuhf;fpak; kpf;fth;fs;. kfpo;rr
; papd;wp
,Uf;Fk; Neuq;fspy;> mJTk; md;Gnfhz;lth;fspdhy; Vw;gLk;
gpur;rpidfs; tUk;NghJ> Nrhh;Tw;W Neha;tha;gg
; Lthh;fs;.
f\;lq;fs; kpfTk; rq;flg;gLj;Jk;. vspjpy; czh;rr; ptag;glf;
$bath;fs;. rkaq;fspy; msTf;F mjpfkhfTk; nray;gLth;.
ML tUlj;ija gpugyq;fs;
Kd;dhs; FbauRj; jiyth; lhf;lh; mg;Jy; fyhk;> njhopyjpgh;fs;
gpy; Nfl;]>; tp[a; khy;ah> tlY}h; ts;syhh;> tpQ;Qhdp tpf;uk;
rhuhgha;> ghl;kpd;ld; Ml;lf;fhuh; gpufh\; gLNfhd;> ghlfp b. Nf.
gl;lk;khs;> ftpQh; thyp> ebif khJhp bf;rpj;> nld;dp]; Ml;lf;fhuh;
Nghhp]; ngf;fh;> tpkhdj;ijf; fz;Lgpbj;j Mh;tpy; iul;> Xtpah;
ikf;fNyd;[Nyh> mnkhpf;f vOj;jhsh; khh;f; bitd;> ebfh; g&];
tpy;]>; vOj;jhsh; N[d; M];bd;
mjph;\l
; vz;fs; 3> 4> 5> 12> 34> 45> 54
xj;Jg; NghFk; tpyq;Ffs;
fs : Kay;> gd;wp> Fjpiu
xj;Jg; Nghfhj tpyq;Ffs;
fs : vyp> vUJ
%yff; Fzq;fs;
MLthrpfs; Ie;J %yfq;fSld; NrUk; NghJ ntt;NtW Fzq;fisg;
ngWtjha; rPd N[hjplk; ek;GfpwJ.
neUg;G ML
ku ML
60
Fzq;fs; ek;gfj; jd;ik> gue;j kdk;> ek;gpf;ifahy; Cf;fk;>
czh;rr; p trg;gLk; jd;ik cilath;fs;. ez;gh;fSk;
cwtpdh;fSk; ,th;fSld; ,Uf;f nghpJk; tpUk;Gth;. mjdhy;
FOtpy; mth;fs; vg;NghJk; Rfkha; ,Ug;gh;. cjtp nra;tijg;
nghpJk; tpUk;Gth;. mth;fspd; me;j ,uf;f Fzk; gy
Neuq;fspy; kw;wth;fshy; rhjfkha; gad;gLj;jgLk;. ku
MLthrpfs; jq;fisg; ftdpj;Jj; jw;fhj;Jf; nfhs;s rkak;
xJf;f Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.
G+kp ML
(gpg;uthp 01>1919 - gpg;uthp 19>1920
[dthp 28>1979 - gpg;uthp 15>1980)
Fzq;fs; fbd ciog;G> Ra mjpfhuk;> ey;yJ elf;Fk; vd;w
ek;gpf;if cilath;fs;. ];jpukhdth;fs;. epyj;jpy;
nfl;baha; fhy; gjpj;J epw;gh;. Rje;jpukhdth;fs;. cyf
mDgtk; kpf;fth;fs;. Mdhy; jd;dk;gpf;if rw;Nw FiwT.
mth;fSf;F tho;fi
; fapd; Kf;fpa tprak; FLk;gNk. tho;fi ; f
jUk; vijANk kfpo;rr ; pAld; Vw;gh;.
cNyhf
cNyhf ML
(gpg;uthp 17>1931 - gpg;uthp 05>1932
gpg;uthp 15>1991 - gpg;uthp 03> 1992)
Fzq;fs; s nghwhik> jw;fhg;Gj; jd;ik> ];jpuj; jd;ik
cilath;fs;. ntspj;Njhw;wj;jpy; cWjpaha; Njhd;wpdhYk;>
cs;sj;jhy; kpfTk; ,sfpath;fs;. ed;F Ghpe;J nfhz;l
neUq;fpa ez;gh;fs; ,ij epr;rak; MNkhjpg;ghh;fs;. mth;fs;
fyhr;rhuj;ij Nerpg;gth;fs;. vy;yhf; fiyfisAk; cah;tha;
kjpg;ghh;fs;.
ePh; ML
(gpg;uthp 05>1943 - [dthp 24>1944
gpg;uthp 01>2003 - [dthp 21> 2004)
Fzq;fs; jd;dk;gpf;if FiwT> trPfuk;> MNyhridfs;
toq;FtJ> Neuj;ij rkNahrpjkha; gad;gLj;Jk; jd;ik
cilath;fs;. ftiyaw;w cy;yhrpfs;. tho;fi
; f Nghfpw
Nghf;fpy; nry;y tpUk;Gth;. mjdhy;> mth;fs; ek; mUfpy;
,Ue;jhy;> kfpo;rr
; p jUk;. jhq;fs; epidj;jJ
elf;ftpy;iynad;why; kpfTk; Gyk;Gthh;fs;.
ePqf
; s; ML tUlj;jpy; gpwe;jpUe;jhy;> Nkw;nrhd;d Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;bUg;ghP f
; s; vd;W rPdh;fs; fzpf;fpd;wdh;.
61
ML tUlg; gyd;fs; s: ML tUlk; mikjpAk; epjhdKk; nfhz;l
tUlkha; ,Uf;Fk;. xUtiu xUth; ed;F ftdpj;Jf; nfhs;th;.
fw;gidAk;> gilg;Gj; jpwDk; mjpfkha; ntspf;fhl;Lk;. kpjthjj;jpy;
xw;Wik vd;w nfhs;if gpd;gw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
62
9 rhJh;af; Fuq;F
(1908 1920 1932 1944 1956 1968 1980 1992 2004 2016 2028 2040 2052)
Neuk; khiy 3:00 Kjy; 5:00 tiu
chpa jpir Nkw;F> njd;Nkw;F
chpa fhyq;fs; ,iyAjph; fhyk;>; Mf];l; khjk;
epiyahd %yfk;
%yfk cNyhfk;
apd;-ahq;
ahq ahq;;
flTsh;fs; itj;j Mw;iwf; flf;Fk; Nghl;bapy; vyp> vUJ> Gyp>
Kay;> buhfd;> ghk;G> Fjpiu> ML Kjypad Kjy; vl;L ,lq;fspy;
te;jd. ML> Nrty; ,uz;bd; cjtpAld; Fuq;Fk; fiuia
te;jile;jJ. flTsh;fs; mtw;iw tho;jj ; p tUlr; rf;fuj;jpd;
xd;gjhtJr; rpd;dkha; Fuq;ifj; njhpT nra;J mwptpj;jhh;fs; vd;gJ
fij.
,e;jf; fij Fuq;F Vd; xd;gjhtjha; te;jJ vd;gijf; Fwpj;Jf;
$wg;gLk; fij.
fPo; fz;l NjjpfSf;Fs; gpwe;jpUe;jhy; mth;fs; midtUk; Fuq;F
tUlj;ijr; Nrh;ej
; th;fs; Mthh;fs;.
gpg;uthp 02>1908 - [dthp 21>1909
gpg;uthp 20>1920 - gpg;uthp 07>1921
gpg;uthp 06>1932 - [dthp 25>1933
[dthp 25>1944 - gpg;uthp 12>1945
gpg;uthp 12>1956 - [dthp 30>1957
[dthp 30>1968 - gpg;uthp 16>1969
gpg;uthp 16>1980 - gpg;uthp 04>1981
gpg;uthp 04>1992 - [dthp 22>1993
[dthp 22>2004 - gpg;uthp 08> 2005
64
,aw;ifapNyNa kfpo;Tld; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. gazk; nry;tijg; nghpJk;
tpUk;Gthh;fs;. mijAk; trjpAld; Kjy; tFg;gpy; rpwe;j Kiwapy;
nra;a vz;Zthh;fs;. jq;fs; tho;fi
; fapy; Rthurpakhd
tpraq;fis vjph; Nehf;fp fhj;jpUg;ghh;fs;.
Fuq;Fthrpfs; jhq;fs; tpUk;gpaij f\;lkpy;yhky; ngwj;jf;fth;fs;
vd;gjhy; jhq;fs; rhjpj;jtw;iw gw;wp mj;jidf; fz;L nfhs;s
khl;lhh;fs;. mth;fs; ntF tpiutpy; Mh;tj;ij ,of;ff; $bath;fs;.
mjdhy; nra;aj; njhlq;fpa fhhpaq;fis tpiutpy; Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,y;iynad;why; ghjpapNyNa Mh;tkw;W tpl;Ltplf; $bath;fs;.
vJNk ];jpukhdjy;y vd;gij ed;F czh;ej ; th;fs;. mth;fs;
jq;fs; gzpia njhlh;eJ
; nrk;ikg;gLj;jpf; fhl;Lgth;fs;. rpy rkak;
jq;fs; nraiyf; fz;L mre;J Nghff; $bath;fs;.
Fuq;FthrpfSf;F nra;jpfisj; njhpe;J nfhs;tJ tpUg;gkhd
nghOJNghf;F.
mryhdth;fs;. rhJhpakhdth;fs;. Fuq;Fthrpfs; vg;NghJk; Kd;
epw;gth;fs;. mth;fs; vz;zk; ey;yjha; ,Ue;j NghJk;> rpy
Neuq;fspy; mth;fs; nra;Ak; nray;fSk; Ngr;Rf;fSk; kw;wth;
kdijg; Gz;gLj;Jtjha; mikaf; $Lk;.
kpfTk; kfpo;rr
; pAld; xU KiwNaDk; Kad;W ghh;jJ ; tpl Ntz;Lk;
vd;W midj;Jf; fhhpaj;ijAk; nra;Jg; ghh;ff
; j; Jbg;ghh;fs;.
65
mth;fSf;F E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd Nahridfs; Njhd;wpa tz;zk;
,Uf;Fk;. mtw;wpy; gytw;iw nra;J fhl;Lk; jpwKk; ngw;wth;fs;.
ve;j Ntiyia vLj;Jr; nra;jhYk; mijj; jpwk;gl nra;a KbAk;.
khWk; #oYf;F Vw;g jq;fis khw;wpf; nfhs;sf; $bath;fs;.
Ntfkha; Ntiyiar; nra;thh;fs;. Mdhy; nra;Ak; Ntiyf;F
,uz;L klq;F $ypia vjph;gg ; hh;gg
; hh;fs;. mth;fs; tq;fp kw;Wk;
fzf;fply; Jiwapy; rpwg;ghh;fs;. gpur;rpidfSf;F jPhT ; fhz;gtuha;>
tpQ;Qhdpaha;> Ma;thsuha;> fz;Lgpbg;ghsuha; mth;fs; gpugykhtJ
kpfTk; vspJ. NkYk;> nghwpahsh;> gq;Fr; re;ij tpahghhp> jpiu
,af;Feh;> eif tpahghhp> tpw;gidahsh;> tpahghhp Mfpa
njhopy;fspy; rpwf;f mjpf tha;gG ; f;fs; cz;L.
cwT
mth;fs; ahiuAk; vspjpy; ek;g khl;lhh;fs;. mth;fs; kpfTk;
vr;rhpf;ifAld; jq;fs; $l;lhspfisj; Njh;en; jLj;J mth;fSld;
kl;LNk gof tpUk;Gthh;fs;.
66
NehAw;w NghJ Xa;T vLg;gJ Neu tpuak; vd;W czh;ej; fhuzj;jhy;>
mth;fs; Neha;tha;g; gLtJ kpfTk; mG+h;tk;. RWRWg;ghd tho;fi
; f
KiwfSk;> nray;ghLfSk; mth;fis vg;NghJk; MNuhf;fpakha;
itj;Jf; nfhs;s cjTk;. mth;fs; Neha;tha;gLtJ ngUk;ghYk;
gjw;wk; fhuzkha; ,Uf;FNknahopa NtW nghpa fhuzq;fs;
,Uf;fhJ.
Fuq;F tUlj;ija gpugyq;fs; ,e;jpaf; FbauRj; jiyth;fs; lhf;lh;
,uhN[e;jpug; gpurhj;> Nf. Mh;. ehuhazd;> eifr;Rit ebfh;
fiythzh;> ,e;jpag; gpujkh;fs; uh[Pt; fhe;jp> lhf;lh; kd;Nkhfd; rpq;>
,ir ty;Yeh; nrk;khq;Fb rPdpthr Iah;> tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l tPuh;
t.C.rp> gwit epGzh; ryPk; myp> fpNuf;f kd;dd; [_ypa]; rPrh;>
ebif vyprngj; ilyh;> gy;fiy mwpQh; ypahdhh;Nlh lh tpd;rp
mjph;\l
; vz;fs; 3> 4> 5> 7> 16> 23> 34> 45> 54.
neUg;G Fuq;F
cNyhf Fuq;F
(gpg;uthp 20>1920 - gpg;uthp 07>1921
gpg;uthp 16>1980 - gpg;uthp 04> 1981)
Fzq;fs; jd;dk;gpf;if kpff; nfhz;l Fwpf;NfhSilath;fs;.
mjdhy; vg;NghJk; ntw;wp ngWk; jd;ik nfhz;lth;fs;.
mth;fs; tpUk;gj;jf;fth;fshfTk;> md;ghdth;fshfTk;
vz;zg;gl;lhYk; mth;fs; jdpikia tpUk;Gthh;fs;. mth;fs;
jq;fs; njhopy; Kiw ez;gh;fsplKk;> v[khdh;fsplKk;
tpRthrk; cilath;fs;. md;G> Neh;jj
; p> cWjp Nghd;w
Fzq;fSf;F rhd;wha; tpsq;Fthh;fs;.
ePh; Fuq;F
(gpg;uthp 06>1932 - [dthp 25>1933
gpg;uthp 04>1992 - [dthp 22>1993)
Fzq;fs; Gj;jprhypj;jdk;> $b Ntiy nra;tjpy; tpUg;gk;>
gl;Lk; glhkYk; ele;J nfhs;tJ mj;jifath;fspd; Fzq;fs;.
mjpf czh;Tg;G+h;tkhdth;fs;. kw;wth;fs; $Wtijf; Nfl;L
mbf;fb kdr; rq;flk; nfhs;Sk; jd;ik nfhz;lth;fs;. jq;fs;
czh;Tfis ntspf; fhl;l khl;lhh;fs;. mjdhy; mij
kiwf;f eifr;Rit czh;Tld; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. mth;fsplk;;
ngUk;ghYk; Fwpf;NfhspypUe;J kpf vspjpy; eOTk; jd;ik
,Ug;gjhy;> mth;fs; xNu Ntiyapy; ftdk; nrYj;jpdhy;>
epr;rak; ntw;wp fpl;Lk;.
ePqf
; s; Fuq;F tUlj;jpy; gpwe;jpUe;jhy;> Nkw;nrhd;d Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;bUg;ghP f
; s; vd;W rPdh;fs; fzpf;fpd;wdh;.
68
Fuq;F tUlg; gyd;fs;s: vJthdhYk; vy;yhKk; epr;rak; elf;ff;$ba
tUlk;. gy mjprakhd fhhpaq;fs; elf;Fk; rhj;jpaf; $Wfs; mjpfk;
cila tUlk;. rhj;jpakpy;yhj tpraq;fSk; ele;J ntw;wp juf;$ba
tUlk;. vl;Lj; jpf;fpYk; ntw;wp ntw;wp vd;w Ngr;Nr ,Uf;Fk; vd;w
fhuzj;jhy;> ahh; vd;d nra;jhh;fs; vd;gNj njhpahky; NghFk;.
mjph;\l; tUlk;. ,e;j tUlj;jpy; ahUk; ,y;iy vd;w gjpiy
Vw;Wf; nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;.
69
10 xspT kiwtw;w Nrty;
(1909 1921 1933 1945 1957 1969 1981 1993 2005 2017 2029 2041 2053)
Neuk; khiy 5:00 Kjy; 7:00 tiu
chpa jpir Nkw;F
chpa fhyq;fs; ,iyAjph; fhyk;>; nrg;lk;gh;; khjk;
epiyahd %yfk;
%yfk cNyhfk;;
apd;-ahq;
ahq apd;
flTsh;fs; itj;j Mw;iwf; flf;Fk; Nghl;bapy; vyp> vUJ> Gyp>
Kay;> buhfd;> ghk;G> Fjpiu> ML> Fuq;F Kjypad Kjy; xd;gJ
,lq;fspy; te;jd. ML> Fuq;F ,uz;bd; cjtpAld; NrtYk;;
fiuia te;jile;jJ. flTsh;fs; mtw;iw tho;jj
; p tUlr;
rf;fuj;jpd; gj;jhtJr; rpd;dkha; Nrtiyj; njhpT nra;J
mwptpj;jhh;fs; vd;gJ fij.
,e;jf; fij Nrty; Vd; gj;jhtjha; te;jJ vd;gijf; Fwpj;Jf;
$wg;gLk; fij.
fPo; fz;l NjjpfSf;Fs; gpwe;jpUe;jhy; mth;fs; midtUk; Nrty;
tUlj;ijr; Nrh;ej
; th;fs; Mthh;fs;.
71
mth;fs; cUthf;fTk;> ,Uf;Fk; #oYf;F Vw;gj; jq;fis khw;wpf;
nfhs;sTk; tpUk;ghjth;fs;. Mdhy; ftdpj;J> tpUJfis toq;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;Zth;. tpthjj;jpw;Fk; rz;ilapLtjw;Fk;
Mtyha;f; fhj;jpUg;gh;. Kul;Lj;jdkhdth;fs;.
gz tpraq;fspy; kpfTk; rpwe;j tifapy; nray;gLthh;fs;.
tuTf;Fs; nryTfis itj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; Rafl;Lg;ghL
,th;fsplj;jpy; cz;L. fQ;rj;jdk; ,Uf;fhJ. mjpf jahs
FzKk;> gpwUf;F nfhLj;JjTk; FzKk; mth;fsplj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;.
jhq;fs; Nrfhpj;j nry;tj;ijr; rhpahd Kiwapy; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zpr; nray;gLthh;fs;. mijNa kw;wth;fSf;Fk;
vLj;Jr; nrhy;thh;fs;.
G+kp Nrty;
([dthp 22>1909 - gpg;uthp 09>1910
gpg;uthp 17>1969 - gpg;uthp 05>1970)
Fzq;fs; mwpQh;fs;. gz;ghdth;fs;. xOq;fha;f; fhhpaq;fisr;
nra;gth;fs;. tpraq;fis Muha;eJ
; nray;gLgth;fs;. gy
fhhpaq;fis xNu Neuj;jpy; nra;af; $bath;fs;. ntw;wpahy;
Cf;fk; nfhz;L> nray;gLth;. cahpa fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;L>
kw;wth;fSk; mjd; top elf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W vjph;ghh;gg ; hh;fs;.
me;j vjph;ghh;gG
; rpy rkaq;fspy; kw;wth;fis Jd;GWj;j
ty;yjha; mike;JtpLk; vd;gjhy; kpjkha; ele;J nfhs;tJ
eyk; gaf;Fk;.
75
cNyhf Nrty;
(gpg;uthp 08>1921 - [dthp 27>1922
gpg;uthp 05>1981 - [dthp 24>1982)
Fzq;fs; fbd ciog;ghsp. eilKiwthjp. mfk;ghtk;>
jw;ngUik kpff; nfhz;lth;fs;. me;jj; jw;ngUikiag;
nghpjha; ntspg;gLj;Jk; ez;gh;fis vg;NghJk; Njba tz;zk;
,Ug;ghh;fs;. mth;fsJ ez;gh;fSlDk; cwtpdh;fSlDk;
cs;s cwTfis J}ug;gLj;Jk;. vy;yhtw;iwAk; MuhAk;
jd;ik kpf;fth;fs;. fw;gid mjpfk;. re;jh;gq;fis
gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;gth;fs;.
ePh; Nrty;
ePqf
; s; Nrty; tUlj;jpy; gpwe;jpUe;jhy;> Nkw;nrhd;d Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;bUg;ghP f
; s; vd;W rPdh;fs; fzpf;fpd;wdh;.
Nrty; tUlg; gyd;fs; s: rf;jp kpFe;j tUlk;. thjk; tpjz;lhthjk;
epiwaNt ,Uf;Fk;. vr;rhpf;ifaha; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba tUlKk; $l.
ahUk; ahUilaf; fUj;Jf;fisAk; Nfl;f tpUk;g khl;lhh;fs;.
mjdhy; ngUj;j Ntw;Wikfs; Vw;gl;L rz;ilr; rr;ruTfs;
mjpfkhFk;. ,Ue;jhYk; ahUk; ngUj;j f\;lq;fis mDgtpf;f
khl;lhh;fs;.
76
11 Njhoik eha;
(1910 1922 1934 1946 1958 1970 1982 1994 2006 2018 2030 2042 2054)
Neuk; ,uT 7:00 Kjy; 9:00 tiu
chpa jpir Nkw;F> tlNkw;F
chpa fhyq;fs; ,iyAjph; fhyk;> mf;Nlhgh;; khjk;
epiyahd %yfk;
%yfk cNyhfk;
apd;-ahq;
ahq ahq;
flTsh;fs; itj;j Mw;iwf; flf;Fk; Nghl;bapy; vyp> vUJ> Gyp>
Kay;> buhfd;> ghk;G> Fjpiu> ML> Fuq;F> Nrty; Kjypad Kjy;
gj;J ,lq;fspy; te;jd. eha; ePrr ; y; mbg;gjpy; rpwe;jJ vd;whYk;>
gjpndhd;whtjha; te;jJ. Vd; jhkjk; vd;W flTsh;fs; Nfl;ljw;F>
ePzl; Neuk; ePrr; y; mbj;j gpd;dh; rw;Nw Xa;T vLj;Jf; nfhz;L>
Fsph;ej
; ePhpy; Rfkha; xU Fspay; Nghl;L tpl;L tu Neuk; Mfptpl;lJ
vd;wjhk; eha;. flTsh;fs; tho;jj; p tUlr; rf;fuj;jpd;
gjpndhd;whtJr; rpd;dkha; ehiaj; njhpT nra;J mwptpj;jhh;fs;.
,e;jf; fij eha; Vd; gjpndhd;whtjha; te;jJ vd;gijf; Fwpj;Jf;
$wg;gLk; fij.
fPo; fz;l NjjpfSf;Fs; gpwe;jpUe;jhy; mth;fs; midtUk; eha;
tUlj;ijr; Nrh;ej
; th;fs; Mthh;fs;.
78
mth;fis tUj;jpdhy; gjpYf;F tQ;rk; jPhf
; f
; > jpwikAld;
mtkhdg;gLj;jhky; tpl khl;lhh;fs;. rpy rkaq;fspy; nra;jij>
kwe;J> mNj Ntfj;jpy; kd;dpf;fTk; nra;thh;fs;.
cwT
ey;y ez;gh;fsha; Mf;fpf; nfhs;sj; jf;fth;fs;. mth;fs;
kw;wth;fsplk; mbf;fb Cf;fKk;> ek;gpf;ifAk; jUk; thh;ji ; jfisf;
$wp vg;NghJk; Njitg;gLgth;fSf;F cjtp nra;af; fhj;jpUg;ghh;fs;.
mth;fs; Gfo; ngw;w kdpjh;fSf;F ey;y ez;gh;fsha;
NjhoilAilath;fsha; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. jd; md;gpw;Fg;
ghj;jpukhdth;fsplk; Nfhgg;gLk; gb ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba
re;jh;gj;jpYk; md;gpd; fhuzkha; epahak; fw;gpj;J ,dpjhfNt
elg;ghh;fs;. ez;gh;fis ngw ghLgLthh;fs;. el;gpw;F kjpg;Gf;
nfhLg;gh;.
eha;thrpfs; ez;gh;fs; tpraj;jpy; kpfTk; kpjthjpfs;. cq;fis
ez;guha; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; Kd;G gy tpj re;jpg;GfSk; Ngr;R
thh;ji
; jfSk; nra;j gpd;dNu nky;y el;ig tsh;jJ ; f; nfhs;th;.
cq;fis mwpe;J nfhz;L ez;guha; Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ltpl;lhy;> ePqf ; s;
mth;fsJ cs;sj;jpy; ePqf
; h ,lj;ijg; ngw;W tpLtPhf
; s;.
cq;fSf;Fj; Njitg;gLk; NghJ epr;rak; te;J epw;ghh;fs;. cjtp
nra;thh;fs;.
jq;fsJ tho;fi ; fia gpuj;jpNafkhdjha; Mf;fpf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gth;.
mth;fsJ FLk;g tpraq;fspy; %f;if Eioj;jhy;> ,ufrpakha;
nray; gl Muk;gpj;J tpLthh;fs;. mth;fsJ ek;gpf;iff;Fg;
ghj;jpukhdth;fsha; Mfptpl;lhy;> kdk; jpwe;J fhl;lj; jaq;f
khl;lhh;fs;.
80
eha;thrpfs; ek;gfkhdth;fsha; ,Ue;j NghJk;> mth;fs; kw;wth;fis
ek;GtJ kpff; fbdk;. xUtiu jd; ez;guha; Vw;f> gy fhyk;
gpbf;Fk;. ek;gpf;if nfhs;shj tiu mth;fs; goFk; NghJ rw;Nw
fbdkhdth;fsha;j; Njhd;Wk;.
fhjy; vd;W te;jhYk;> fbdkhd Neuk; jhd;. ftiy> gj;jpukw;w
jd;ik> tpah$yk; mth;fisf; fz;L gae;Njhlr; nra;Ak;.
eha;thrpfs; czh;Tg; G+h;tkhdth;fs;. Fiw fhz;gth;fs;.
cly; eyk;
eha;thrpfs; Xa;T vLf;ff; fw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; tpNtfj;Jld; elf;fTk;
fw;gJ ey;yJ.
eha;thrpfs; MNuhf;fpakhdth;fs;. cly; epiy rhpapy;yhjij
mth;fs; Nrhfj;Jld;> tUj;jKld; ,Ug;gijf; nfhz;Nl fzpj;J
tplyhk;. Nehia vjph;jJ
; g; Nghuhb kPzL
; tu eha;thrpfs; Kay;th;.
mjph;\l
; vz;fs; 1> 4> 5> 9> 10> 14> 19> 28> 30> 41> 45> 54
xj;Jg; NghFk; tpyq;Ffs;
fs : Fjpiu> Gyp> Kay;.
xj;Jg; Nghfhj tpyq;Ffs;
fs : buhfd;> ML> vUJ> Nrty;
%yff; Fzq;fs;
eha;thrpfs; Ie;J %yfq;fSld; NrUk; NghJ ntt;NtW Fzq;fisg;
ngWtjha; rPd N[hjplk; ek;GfpwJ.
neUg;G eha;
ePqf
; s; eha; tUlj;jpy; gpwe;jpUe;jhy;> Nkw;nrhd;d Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;bUg;ghP f
; s; vd;W rPdh;fs; fzpf;fpd;wdh;.
eha; tUlg; gyd;fs; : eha; tUlk; jq;fisj; jhq;fNs kjpg;gpl
itf;Fk; tUlkha; mikAk;. njhe;juTfs;> Nghuhl;lq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;.
eha; vg;NghJk; ftdpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk; Fzk; nfhz;ljhy;>
,e;j tUlj;jpy; Neh;ikNa Kf;fpa tpjpaha; mikAk;.
fw;gidf;nfl;lhj tpraq;fSk; eilKiwg; gLj;jg;gLk;. gy
vjph;ghuhj khw;wq;fs; tUk;. fz;zpak;> jhuhs kdg;ghd;ikfSf;F
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; jug;gl;L> midtuhYk; Mjhpf;fg;gLk;.
83
12 MuhAk; gd;wp
(1911 1923 1935 1947 1959 1971 1983 1995 2007 2019 2031 2043 2055)
Neuk; khiy 9:00 Kjy; 11:00 tiu
chpa jpir tlf;F> tlNkw;F
chpa fhyq;fs; ,iyAjph; fhyk;> etk;gh; khjk;
epiyahd %yfk;
%yfk ePh;
apd;-ahq;
ahq apd;
flTsh;fs; itj;j Mw;iwf; flf;Fk; Nghl;bapy; vyp> vUJ> Gyp>
Kay;> buhfd;> ghk;G> Fjpiu> ML> Fuq;F> Nrty;> eha; Kjypad
Kjy; gjpndhU ,lq;fspy; te;jd. eha; fiuiar; Nrh;ej ; Jk;>
Nghl;bia Kbf;f vz;zpa NghJ gd;wp %r;rpiuf;f tUtijf;
flTsh;fs; ghh;j;jdh;. gd;wp topapy; vd;d nra;jJ vd;W Nfl;l
NghJ> Nghl;bapd; NghJ grpapd; fhuzkha; czT cz;ljhYk;>
cz;l fisg;G ePqf ; rpwpJ J}q;fp vOe;j te;j fhuzj;jhYk; jhkjk;
Vw;gl;ljha; $wpajhk;. gpd;dh; flTsh;fs; gd;wpia tho;jj ; p tUlr;
rf;fuj;jpd; gd;dpuz;lhtJr; rpd;dkha;j; njhpT nra;J mwptpj;jhh;fs;.
,e;jf; fij gd;wp Vd; gd;dpuz;lhtjha; te;jJ vd;gijf; Fwpj;Jf;
$wg;gLk; fij.
fPo; fz;l NjjpfSf;Fs; gpwe;jpUe;jhy; mth;fs; midtUk; gd;wp
tUlj;ijr; Nrh;ej
; th;fs; Mthh;fs;.
84
mwpthh;ej
; Mh;tk;> Neh;ik> nghWik Mfpa Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;lth;fs; gd;wpthrpfs;. tpRthrj;jpy; ek;gpf;if itf;fyhk;.
tho;ehs; ez;gh;fsha;f; nfhs;sj; jf;fth;fs;.
85
fofj;jpy; cWg;gpdh;fsha; ,Ug;gh;. epjp Nrh;gg
; jpy; Njh;ej
; th;fs;.
mth;fs; r%fg; gzpr; nra;tjpYk; jUkk; nra;tjpYk; jdp topiaf;
filgpbg;ghh;fs;. gpur;rpidfisf; fhJ nfhLj;Jf; Nfl;gh;.
gpur;rpidfspy; GFe;J jPhT; fhz Ntz;Lnkd;why; ve;j mr;rKk;
ftiyAkpd;wp Eiothh;fs;. gue;j kdk; gilj;jth;fs;.
gd;wpthrpfs; xU KbTf;F te;J tpl;lhy;> mjd; gpwF mth;fis
epWj;j KbahJ. me;j KbTf;F tUk; Kd;dh; ey;yJ nfl;lJ
midj;ijANk Muha;tJ mth;fsJ ,uj;jj;jpy; Cwpa gz;G.
gpur;rpidfisj; jtph;ff; tpUk;Gthh;fs;. rpy rkaq;fspy; ntFtha;
Ma;eJ ; ghh;jJ
; re;jh;gq;fisj; jtw tpLk; tha;gG ; fSk; cz;L.
Mdhy; mjw;Ff; ftiyg;gl khl;lhh;fs;. mth;fs; vg;NghJk;
mw;Gjq;fis ek;Gthh;fs;. mth;fsJ tho;fi ; fapy; mw;Gjq;fs;
elg;gJk; cz;L. tpjp mth;fSf;F ed;ikNa tpistpf;Fk;.
Nfl;fhkNyNa mth;fSf;F kw;wth;fs; Njitg;gLk; NghJ cjtp
nra;a Kd; tUthh;fs;.
jd;dyk; fUjhjth;fs;. kw;wth;fs; mij ed;F gad;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;thh;fs;. vy;NyhiuAk; ek;Gthh;fs;. Nfl;gjidj;ijAk;
ek;Gthh;fs;. gpwUf;F cjtp nra;J ,d;GWth;. vspjpy; Vkhwf;
$bath;fsha; ,Ue;jhYk;> mth;fs; cz;ikapy; Gj;jprhypfs;.
jq;fisf; fhj;Jf; nfhs;s mwpe;jth;fs;. mth;fis kd tUe;jr;
nra;jhy;> me;j typia fhyj;jpw;Fk; kwf;f khl;lhh;fs;.
md;ghdth;fsplk; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;y tUe;Jthh;fs;.
86
murpay;thjpahfTk;> Nfspf;if epfo;rr
; p elj;JgtuhfTk;
gpufhrpg;ghh;fs;.
jq;fsplkpUf;Fk; mghpkpjkhd rf;jpia vg;NghJk; Ntiyapy; <LgLj;j
Kad;w tz;zk; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. topfisj; Njbg; ghh;jj; tz;zk;
,Ug;ghh;fs;. mth;fs; fbd ciog;ghspfs;. vy;yhtw;iwAk; ,of;f
Neh;ej
; hYk;> Nrhh;eJ
; Nghfhky;> mjpypUe;J kPzL
; Gjpa tho;fi
; fiaj;
njhlq;Fk; rf;jp ngw;wth;fs;.
ey;y tUkhdk; ngWk; topia mth;fs; mwpe;jpUg;ghh;fs;.
Ntiyapy; cjtp nra;tij tpUk;Gth;. mth;fis nghpJk; ek;gyhk;.
mth;fsJ gilf;Fk; Mw;wiy ntspf;fhl;Lk; re;jh;gq;fis
ed;Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jp ,d;GWth;. tpraq;fis MAk; mwpT
mjpfk;. Nkyjpfhhpfs; mijg; nghpJk; ghuhl;Lk; epiyapy;
,Ug;ghh;fs;. nghWg;Gfis Vw;gjw;F mQ;r khl;lhh;fs;. mth;fSf;F
nghOJNghf;fhsh;> cztf epGzh;> kUj;Jth;> tpyq;F kUj;Jth;>
tPli
; l myq;fhpg;gth; Nghd;w njhopy;fs; cfe;jit. tpUe;Njhk;gy;
mth;fs; $lg; gpwe;j gz;G. mjdhy; mjw;Nfw;w Ntiyfspy; ey;y
vjph;fhyk; ,Uf;Fk;.
cwT
vg;NghJk; gpwUf;F cjTtijNa Fwpf;Nfhsha;f; nfhz;ljhy;> ve;j
tifapNyDk; cjt Kay;thh;fs;. Mdhy; jq;fSf;fhf gpwhplk;
cjtp Nfl;gJ mhpJ. ,J mth;fisj; jsur; nra;jhYk;> mijg;
gw;wp rpwpJk; ftiyg;gl khl;lhh;fs;. ,e;j ghuhl;lj;jf;f Fzk;> gy
rkaq;fspy; gpwuhy; vspjpy; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sg;gLk;. mjd;
fhuzkha; cwtpdh;fs; ez;gh;fs; mth;fisr; Rw;wp vg;NghJk;
,Ug;ghh;fs;.;
gd;wpthrpfs; tho;fi ; fia ,d;gkha;f; fopg;gh;. mjw;Ff; fhuzk;
mth;fs; gpwUld; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ ,d;GWtJk;> kw;wth;fs; urpf;fj;
jf;f tifapy; nghOJNghf itg;gJk; jhd;. gpwUf;F cjtp
nra;tjpy; mjpf ,d;gk; ngWtjd; fhuzkha;> Mj;khh;jj ; kha;
cjtpfisr; nra;th;. rkaj;jpy; mjpfkha;f; $lr; nra;thh;fs;.
Neh;ikaha; kw;wth;fsplk; ele;J nfhz;L> mijNa gpwhplkpUe;Jk;
vjph; ghh;gg
; hh;fs;.
fhjy; tptfhuq;fspy; vr;rhpf;ifaha; ,y;yhtpl;lhy;> gd;wpthrpfs;
rpf;fypy; khl;bf; nfhs;Sk; tha;gG
; fs; Vw;glyhk;.
Mjhpg;gJ> nfhLjTtJ Nghd;w Fzq;fs; fhuzkha; gd;wpthrpfis
Njhoik nfhs;tJ rpwe;jJ. md;ghdth;fs;. ntspNa nry;tij
tplTk; tPlb
; y; ,Ug;gijNa mjpfk; tpUk;Gthh;fs;. ,Ug;gijf;
nfhz;L ,d;GWth;. tPL> FLk;gk; ,uz;by; ,d;gk; fhz;gh;. rhpahd
87
$l;lhspfisg; ngw;W tpl;lhy;> ePzl
; neLq;fhyk; me;j cwT
njhlUk;.
cly; eyk;
,d;gj;ijNa vd;Wk; Njbf; nfhz;bUg;gjhy;> mstpw;F mjpfkhfNt
mDgtpg;ghh;fs;. mjpf czT> Fbg; gof;fk;> Gif gpbj;jy;
cly;eyf; Fiwit Vw;gLj;Jk;. RWRWg;gha; ,y;yhj gd;wpthrpfs;>
mth;fsJ elj;ijapd; fhuzkha; mjpf vil NghLk; tha;gG
; mjpfk;.
goFtjw;F tpUg;gk; nfhz;l fhuzj;jhy;> jdpikapy; ftiy
nfhs;th;. ey;y MNuhf;fpahkhd tho;fi
; f Kiw mth;fSf;F ey;y
gyidj; jUk;.
88
ku gd;wp
ePh; gd;wp
(gpg;uthp 16>1923 - gpg;uthp 04>1924
gpg;uthp 13>1983 - gpg;uthp 01>1984)
Fzq;fs; trPfhpg;gth;fs;. Mo;ej
; mwpTilath;fs;.
ek;gpf;ifapdhy; Cf;fk; ngWth;. ve;jj; jtWk; $w Kbahj
mstpw;F ek;gfkhdth;fs;. gpwh; mth;fis vspjpy; kaf;fp
tpLthh;fs;. Mdhy; ,th;fs; jq;fSf;F Ntz;baijg; ngw
89
gpwiu kaf;fTk; nra;thh;fs;. mth;fs; kpFe;j rKjha
Nehf;Filath;fs;. Neuj;ij tPzhf;fhky; mDgtpf;f
vz;Zthh;fs;.
ePqf
; s; gd;wp tUlj;jpy; gpwe;jpUe;jhy;> Nkw;nrhd;d Fzq;fisf;
nfhz;bUg;ghP f
; s; vd;W rPdh;fs; fzpf;fpd;wdh;.
gd;wp tUlg; gyd;fs;
s : fUiz epiwe;j tUlk;. ey;yit elf;Fk;.
Vuhskha; vy;yhNk fpilf;Fk; tUlk;. njhopy; rpwf;Fk;.
tho;fi; fia KOikaha; thoyhk;. vjph;ghuhj tpraq;fs; elg;gJ
kpff; FiwthfNt ,Uf;Fk;. nry;tr; nropg;G kpf;f tUlk;. gz
tptfhuq;fspy; vr;rhpf;if Njit. kpFe;j tPuKk;> xw;WikAk;
gd;wpf;fhd Fwpfs; vd;gjhy; xw;Wik Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;Fk;
tUlkha; ,Uf;Fk;.
KbT :
,e;jj; njhliu gbj;J te;j thrfh;fs; midtUf;Fk; vd; kdkhh;ej ;
ed;wpfs;. ,jpy; tUq;fhyj;ijg; gw;wp mjpfk; $wg;glhtpl;lhYk;> rPd
N[hjplj;jpd; xU mq;fkhd me;j tpyq;Ff; Fwp gw;wpa nra;jpfs;
gpwhplk; goFk; NghJ mth;fspd; Fzeyd;fis czu cjTk;.
ey;ydtw;iw Vw;W my;ydtw;iw tpLj;J tho;fi ; fapy; ntw;wp ngw
vd; cskhh;ej ; tho;jJ
; f;fs;.
90