ToanVanLV TaTrungDung K20 PDF

I HC QUC GIA H NI
TRNG I HC CNG NGH
T TRUNG DNG
XY DNG QUY HOCH MNG 4G LTE
LUN VN THC S CNG NGH THNG TIN
H Ni - 2016
I HC QUC GIA H NI
TRNG I HC CNG NGH
T TRUNG DNG
XY DNG QUY HOCH MNG 4G LTE
Ngnh: Cng ngh thng tin

Chuyn ngnh: Truyn d liu v Mng my tnh
M s: Chuyn ngnh o to th im
LUN VN THC S CNG NGH THNG TIN
NGI HNG DN KHOA HC: TS. Dng L Minh
H Ni - 11/2016
1

LI CM N
Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti Thy gio TS. Dng L Minh, Thy

lun tn tnh hng dn, gip , to mi iu kin tt nht cho em trong sut qu trnh
lm lun vn.
Em cng xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti Thy gio TS. Trn Trc Mai h
tr, hng dn em hon thnh phn thc nghim, nh gi xy dng phn mm m phng
cho lun vn.
Cui cng em cng xin gi li cm n n tt c cc Thy/C trong khoa Cng
ngh thng tin, c bit cc Thy/C trong chuyn ngnh Truyn d liu v Mng my
tnh Trng i hc Cng ngh - HQGHN cng bn b c nhng gp qu bu v
li khuyn chn thnh em hon thnh c lun vn ny.
Em xin trn trng cm n!
Hc vin
T Trung Dng
2

LI CAM OAN
Ti xin cam oan lun vn ny l kt qu nghin cu, tm hiu ca ring ti, lun
vn c hon thnh di s hng dn ca Thy gio TS. Dng L Minh, khng sao
chp ca ai. Trong lun vn c s dng cc ti liu tham kho c trch dn theo danh
mc ti liu tham kho ca lun vn.
Tc gi lun vn
T Trung Dng
3

MC LC
LI CM N................................................................................................................ 1
LI CAM OAN .......................................................................................................... 2
MC LC ..................................................................................................................... 3
DANH MC CC K HIU V CH VIT TT .................................................... 5
DANH MC CC BNG .......................................................................................... 10
DANH MC CC HNH ........................................................................................... 11
M U ..................................................................................................................... 12
CHNG 1: GII THIU TNG QUAN CNG NGH LTE .................................. 13
1.1 Cng ngh UMB ( Ultra Mobile Broadband) ....................................................13
1.2. WiMAX ...............................................................................................................13
1.3 Cng ngh 4G LTE..............................................................................................14
1.3.1 ng c thc y..............................................................................................14
1.3.2 Cc giai on pht trin ca LTE.....................................................................15
1.3.3 Cc c tnh c bn ca LTE ...........................................................................15
1.3.4 Cc thng s lp vt l ca LTE......................................................................16
1.3.5 Dch v ca LTE ..............................................................................................16
1.4 Kt lun chng 1 ...............................................................................................18
CHNG 2: CU TRC CA MNG LTE V CC VN LIN QUAN......... 19
2.1 Cu trc ca mng LTE ......................................................................................19
2.1.1 Mng truy cp v tuyn E-UTRAN .................................................................19
2.1.2 Mng li chuyn mch gi LTE (EPC)............................................................20
2.1.3 Min dch v (Services domain) ......................................................................21
2.2 Cc k thut then cht v c im chnh ca LTE ..........................................21
2.2.1 K thut OFDMA hng xung......................................................................21
2.2.2 SC-FDMA hng ln ......................................................................................22
2.2.3 K thut MIMO ..............................................................................................22
2.3 Cu trc khung d liu LTE (Radio frame) ......................................................23
2.4 Bng tn LTE ......................................................................................................24
4

2.5 Li ti nguyn LTE ...........................................................................................25

2.6 Chuyn giao i vi LTE ...................................................................................26
2.7 Kt lun chng 2 ...............................................................................................27
CHNG 3: XY DNG QUY HOCH MNG 4G LTE..................................... 28
3.1. Khi qut v qu trnh quy hoch mng LTE ...............................................28
3.2. D bo lu lng v phn tch vng ph.........................................................29
3.2.1 D bo lu lng ............................................................................................29
3.2.2 Phn tch vng ph ..........................................................................................30
3.3 Quy hoch chi tit ................................................................................................. 30
3.3.1 iu kin quy hoch mng 4G LTE ..............................................................30
3.3.2 Quy hoch vng ph .......................................................................................31
3.3.3 Cc m hnh truyn sng .................................................................................37
3.3.4 Tnh bn knh ph (cell) ..............................................................................41
3.3.5 Quy hoch dung lng....................................................................................42
3.4 p dng quy hoch cho mt s qun huyn thnh ph H Ni .......................47
3.5 Kt lun chng 3 ...............................................................................................48
CHNG 4: KT QU M PHNG THC NGHIN XY DNG QUY
HOCH MNG 4G LTE ........................................................................................... 50
4.1 Lu m phng quy hoch LTE ...................................................................50
4.2 Kt qu m phng quy hoch vng ph ..........................................................51
4.2.1 Kt qu m phng qu ng truyn ln v xung ca LTE ..........................51
4.2.2 Kt qu m phng m hnh truyn sng p dng cho cc m hnh khc nhau
................................................................................................................................54
4.3 M phng quy hoch dung lng .....................................................................57
4.4 Kt lun chng 4 ...............................................................................................59
KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN .................................................................. 60
TI LIU THAM KHO ........................................................................................... 61
DANH MC CC K HIU V CH VIT TT
Thut ng Ting Anh Ting Vit

3G Third Generation Th h th ba
4G Fourth Generation Th h th t
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project n cc i tc th h th ba
3rd Generation Partnership Project
3GPP2 n cc i tc th h th ba 2
2
AWGN Additive Gaussian Noise Tp m Gauss trng cng
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel Knh iu khin qung b
BCH Broadcast Channel Knh qung b
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying Kha chuyn pha hai trng thi
BS Base Station Trm gc
BTS Base Tranceiver Station Trm thu pht gc
BW Band Width Bng thng
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access a truy nhp phn chia theo m
Cell Cellular
CM Cubic Metric S o thnh phn lp phng
CP Cyclic Prefix Tin t chu trnh
CS Circuit Switch Chuyn mch knh
DCCH Dedicated Control Channel Knh iu khin ring
DCH Dedicated Channel Knh iu khin
DFT Discrete Fourier Transform Bin i Fourier ri rc
DFTS-
DFT-Spread OFDM OFDM tri ph
OFDM
DL Down link ng xung
DS-CDMA Diect Sequences CDMA Dy tri ph trc tip CDMA
eNodeB Enhance NodeB NodeB pht trin
Cng ngh c nng cp t
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM
EDGE GPRS cho php truyn d liu vi
Evolution (Enhanced GPRS)
tc cao
EPC Evolved Packet Core Mng li th h mi
EPS Evolved Packet System H thng mng gi th h mi
Truy nhp v tuyn mt t
E-UTRA Evolved UTRA
UMTS pht trin
6


E-
Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t
UTRAN/E- Evolved UTRA/ Evolved RAN
UMTS pht trin
RAN
Ghp song cng phn chia theo
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
tn s
FDM Frequency Division Multiplex Ghp knh phn chia theo tn s
Frequency Division Multiplex a truy nhp phn chia theo tn
FDMA
Access s
FEC Forward Error Correction Hiu chnh li trc
FFT Fast Fourier Transform Bin i Fourier nhanh
GSM EDGE Radio Access Mng truy nhp v tuyn GSM
GERAN
Network EDGE
GPRS General Packet Radio Service Dch v v tuyn gi chung
Global System For Mobile H thng thng tin di ng ton
GSM
Communications cu
HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest Yu cu pht li t ng linh hot
HLR Home Location Register Thanh ghi nh v thng tr
HS - High Speed Dedicated Physical Knh iu khin vt l ring tc
DPCCH Control Channel cao
High Speed Dedicated Shared
HS-DSCH Knh chia s ring tc cao
Channel
High Speed Downlink Packet Truy nhp gi ng xung tc
HSDPA
Access cao
HSPA High Speed Packet Access Truy nhp gi tc cao
HSS Home Subscriber Server Qun l thu bao
High Speed Uplink Packet Truy nhp gi ng ln tc
HSUPA
Access cao
IBI Inter Block Interference Nhiu gia cc khi
Institute of Electrical and
IEEE Vin k ngh in v in t
Electronics Engineers
IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform Bin i Fourier nhanh ngc
IM Instant Messaging Nhn tin nhanh (gia 2 ngi)
Phn h a phng tin s dng
IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
IP
International Mobile
IMT- 2000 Thng tin di ng quc t 2000
Telecommunications 2000
7


IMT- International Mobile Thng tin di ng quc t tin
Advanced Telecommunications Advanced tin
IP Internet Protocol Giao thc Internet
IR Incremental Redundancy Phn d tng
International Telecommunications
ITU T chc vin thng quc t
Union
International Telecommunications T chc vin thng quc t -
ITU-R
Union Radio Sector b phn v tuyn
Iu Giao din c s dng thng tin gia RNC v mng li
Iub Giao din c s dng thng tin gia nt B v RNC
Iur Giao din c s dng thng tin gia cc RNC
LTE Long Term Evolution Pht trin di hn
MAC Medium Access Control iu khin truy nhp mi trng
MC-CDMA Multi Carrier CDMA a sng mang con CDMA
MCS Modulation and Coding Schem S m ha v iu ch
MIMO Multi Input Multi Output Nhiu u vo nhiu u ra
MME Mobility Management Entity Thc th qun l di ng
MMS Multimedia Messaging System Nhn tin a phng tin
ML Maximum Likelihood Kh ging cc i
MS Mobile Station Trm di ng
NodeB Nt B
Orthogonal Frequency a truy nhp phn chia theo tn
OFDMA
Division Multiplexing Access s trc giao
O&M Operation and Maintenance Bo dng v vn hnh
T s cng sut nh trn cng
PAPR Peak to Average Power Ratio
sut trung bnh
PARC Per-Antenna Rate Control iu khin tc cho mt anten
PCI Precoding Control Indication Ch th iu khin tin m ha
Policy and Charging Rules Chc nng cc qun l chnh sch
PCRF
Function v tnh cc
PDN Packet Data Network Mng d liu gi
PS Packet Switch Chuyn gi knh
Quadrature Amplitude
QAM iu ch bin vung gc
Modulation
8


QoS Quality of Service Cht lng dch v
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Kha chuyn pha vung gc
RAN Radio Access Network Mng truy nhp v tuyn
RAT Radio Access Technology Cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn
RLC Radio Link Control iu khin lin kt v tuyn
RNC Radio Network Controller B iu khin mng v tuyn
RRC Radio Resource Control iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn
RR Round Robin Quay vng
RRM Radio Resource Management Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn
RS Reference Signal Tn hiu tham kho
RSRP Reference Signal Receive Power Cng sut thu tn hiu tham kho
RSRQ Reference Signal Receive Quality Cht lng thu tn hiu tham kho
SAE System Architecture Evolution Pht trin kin trc mng
Single Carrier Frequency a truy nhp phn chia theo tn
SC-FDMA
Division Multiple Access s n sng mang
a truy nhp phn chia theo
SDMA Spatial Division Multiple Access
khng gian
SF Spreading Factor H s tri ph
S-GW Serving Cng phc v
SMS Short Message Services Dch v nhn tin ngn
SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio T s tn hiu trn tp m
Giao thc iu khin truyn dn
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol IP
IP
Ghp song cng phn chia theo
TDD Time Division Duplex
thi gian
Ghp knh phn chia theo thi
TDM Time Division Multiplexing
gian
Time Division Synhcronous a truy nhp phn chia theo m
TD- CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access ng b - phn chia theo thi gian
TSN Transmission Sequence Number S trnh t pht
TTI Transmission Time Interval Khong thi gian truyn
TSG Technical Specication Group Nhm c t k thut
TV Tivi V tuyn truyn hnh
UE User Equipment Thit b ngi dng
9


UMB Unltra Mobile Broadband Di ng bng thng m rng
Universal Mobile H thng thng tin di ng ton
UMTS
Telecommunications System cu
UL Up link ng ln
Truy nhp v tuyn mt t
UTRA UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
UMTS
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t
UTRAN
Network UMTS
Wireless Metropolitan Area Mng li khng dy khu vc
WMAN
Network th
Wideband Code Division a truy nhp phn chia theo m
WCDMA
Multiple Access bng rng
10

DANH MC CC BNG
Stt Tn bng M t
1 Bng 1.1 Cc thng s lp vt l LTE [3]
2 Bng 1.2 Tc nh ca LTE theo lp [3]
3 Bng 1.3 So snh cc dch v ca 3G so vi 4G LTE [1,2,3,7,9]
4 Bng 2.1 Bng tng cho UMTS/ LTE [3,4]
5 Bng 3.1 V d tnh qu ng ln LTE cho 64Kbps vi my thu trm gc 2
anten [3]
6 Bng 3.2 V d tnh qu ng xung LTE cho 1Mbps vi my thu trm gc 2
anten [3]
7 Bng 3.3 So snh qu ng truyn ln ca LTE vi cc h thng GSM, HSPA
[2,3]
8 Bng 3.4 So snh qu ng truyn xung ca LTE vi cc h thng GSM,
HSPA[2,3]
9 Bng 3.5 Cc gi tr K s dng cho tnh ton vng ph sng [3]
10 Bng 3.6 Gi tr ca bng thng cu hnh tng ng vi bng thng knh
truyn v sng mang yu cu [3,4]
11 Bng 3.7 Tc bit nh tng ng vi tng tc m ha v bng thng [3]
12 Bng 3.8 Din tch, dn s cc qun huyn thnh ph H Ni [22]
14 Bng 4.1 Qu ng truyn ln cho tc s liu 64kbps vi s iu ch
QPSK 1/3
15 Bng 4.2 Qu ng truyn xung tc s liu 1Mbps vi s iu ch
QPSK 1/3
16 Bng 4.3 Bng kt qu ca h s hiu chnh a(hm) v h s hiu chnh theo
vng C
17 Bng 4.4 Bng thng s v tnh ton s site theo quy hoch lu lng
11

DANH MC CC HNH
Stt Tn hnh M t
1 Hnh 2.1 Cu trc c bn ca LTE [4]
2 Hnh 2.2 K thut OFDM [4]
3 Hnh 2.3 K thut OFDMA v SC FDMA [4]
4 Hnh 2.4 M hnh SU-MIMO v MU-MIMO [4]
5 Hnh 2.5 Cu trc khung d liu LTE [4]
6 Hnh 2.6 Li ti nguyn LTE [4]
7 Hnh 2.7 Cc loi chuyn giao
8 Hnh 3.1 Khi qut v qu trnh quy hoch mng LTE
9 Hnh 3.2 M t qu trnh tnh ton bn knh vng ph R
10 Hnh 3.2 Cc tham s ca m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami [3]
11 Hnh 3.3 Quan h gia bng thng knh truyn v bng thng cu hnh
12 Hnh 3.4 Ba loi site khc nhau (ommi, 2-sector, 3-sector) [8,14]
13 Hnh 3.5 Quan h gia bng thng v bng thng cu hnh [3,4]
14 Hnh 4.1 Lu m phng quy hoch mng LTE
15 Hnh 4.2 Giao din chnh ca phn mm m phng 4G LTE
16 Hnh 4.3 Giao din m phng kt qu qu ng truyn ln ca LTE
17 Hnh 4.4 Giao din m phng kt qu qu ng truyn xung ca LTE
18 Hnh 4.5 M hnh truyn sng Hata-Okumura & Walfisch-Ikegami
19 Hnh 4.6 Giao din m phng tnh ton s eNodeB theo dung lng
12

M U
Ngnh cng ngh vin thng chng kin nhng pht trin nhanh trong nhng
nm gn y. Khi m cng ngh mng thng tin di ng th h th ba 3G (Third
Generation) cha p ng yu cu ngi s dng th cng ngh 4G (Fourth
Generation) bt u pht trin v c s dng nhiu trong nhng nm gn y.
Hin nay, 4G gn nh c ph sng ton cu, Vit Nam cng ang gp rt
trin khai v a vo khai thc mng 4G. Cng ngh LTE (Long Term Evolution) ha
hn nhiu tim nng cho th trng vin thng Vit Nam hin nay vi kh nng thng
mi sm. Cc nh khai thc di ng cng nh cc cng ty cung cp gii php ang ro
rit chun b cho vic xy dng mng 4G LTE v cc dch v mi trn nn tng bng
thng rng nhm a dng ha dch v v tng u th cnh tranh trn th trng. Theo
tin t Tp on Bu chnh vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT), n v ny va hon thnh
vic lp t trm BTS (Base Tranceiver Station) s dng cho dch v v tuyn bng
rng cng ngh LTE v s c cung cp chnh thc n ngi dn vo nm 2018 sau
khi cc nh mng c cp pht di bng tn.
Vic trin khai 4G LTE Vit Nam l bc tin tt yu i vi nn cng ngh
vin thng trong nc. Khi c trin khai s dng, mng 4G LTE s rt ngn thi gian
truyn ti ca cc dng d liu ln n v i khi thit b ng thi mang li li ch cho
nhng giao tip c tnh cht trao i lin tc nh trong cc game trc tuyn nhiu ngi
chi, cc cuc gi video call cng tr ln thc hn nh tr ca m thanh v hnh nh
c rt ngn, Xut pht t thc t , ti i su vo nghin cu tm hiu cng ngh
4G LTE v xy dng phn mm quy hoch mng 4G LTE.
Ni dung lun vn c trnh by 04 chng:
Chng 1: Gii thiu tng quan v cng ngh LTE
Chng 2: Cu trc mng 4G LTE v cc vn lin quan
Chng 3: Xy dng quy hoch mng 4G LTE
Chng 4: Kt qu m phng thc nghim xy dng quy hoch mng 4G LTE
Trong qu trnh nghin cu thc hin lun vn, lun vn khng th khng trnh
khi nhng thiu st. Tc gi rt mong nhn c nhng ng gp qu bu t qu Thy
C v cc bn lun vn c hon thin.
Tc gi xin chn thnh cm n!
13

CHNG 1: GII THIU TNG QUAN CNG NGH LTE
Con ng pht trin cng ngh mng di ng 4G (Fourth Generation), ang c ba

hng chnh tng ng vi ba t chc h tr l:
+ Cng ngh LTE (Long Term Evolution) pht trin di hn vi s h tr ca
3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) n cc i tc th h th 3;
+ Cng ngh UMB (Unltra Mobile Broardband) vi s h tr ca 3GPP2 (3rd
Generation Partnership Project -2) n cc i tc th h th 3 - 2;
+ WiMAX vi s h tr ca IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers) Vin k ngh in v in t;
1.1 Cng ngh UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband)
Cng ngh UMB [4,17,20] l th h mng thng tin di ng tip ni ca CDMA 2000
(Code Division Multiple Access 2000) a truy nhp phn chia theo m c pht trin bi
3GPP2 m ch lc l Qualcomm. UMB cng c snh ngang vi cng ngh LTE ca
3GPP vi k vng tr thnh la chn cho th h di ng th 4G. UMB s dng OFDMA
(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s trc
giao, MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output) nhiu u vo nhiu u ra, a truy cp
phn chia theo khng gian cng nh cc k thut anten hin i tng kh nng ca mng,
tng vng ph v tng cht lng dch v. UMB c th cho tc d liu ng xung ti
280Mbit/giy v d liu ng ln ti 75Mbit/giy.
Tuy nhin, hin ti c rt t hng sn xut thit b vin thng ln ng h do Qualcomm
chim gi v tr c quyn v bng sng ch v con chip ch dn v chi ph thit b u cui
tng cao. UMB d nh s dng thng mi vo nm 2009, nhng n nay cha c bt c
nh mng no quan tm th nghim k thut. Qualcomm chnh thc khai t cng ngh
UMB, do hin nay ch cn hai ng vin cho mng 4G l LTE v WiMax cng s dng
k thut OFDMA.
1.2. WiMAX
IEEE 802.16 cng b mt phin bn vo thng 10/2004, c thit k vi tn gi
IEEE 802.16.2004 [4, 14]. Phin bn di ng ca IEEE 802.16 c pht trin trong d
n IEEE 802.16e c bit rng ri vi ci tn Mobile WiMAX, c bit xem xt s dng
OFDMA ti lp vt l. Ti cuc hp ITU-R (International Telecommunications Union
Radio Sector) T chc vin thng quc t-b phn v tuyn vo 5/2007, Mobile WiMAX
c khuyn co nh l OFDMA, TDD (Time Division Duplex) ghp song cng phn
chia theo thi gian, WMAN (Wireless Metropolitan Area Network) Mng li khng
dy khu vc th mc d vn cn c chp nhn chnh thc v do li 50MHz
bng tn quc t c sn di 2.57 - 2.62 GHz ph 3GHz TDD, i vi tng quc gia.
WiMAX c u im cho php ng dng truy cp cho mt khu vc th rng
ln. Vng ph ca WiMAX c ng knh trung bnh t 30km n 50km, r rng hn hn
so vi vng ph cc mng truy nhp v tuyn hin ti. N c th cung cp tc truyn d
14

liu cao ln ti 100Mbps vi rng bng tn 20MHz. Cc thng s k thut ca WiMAX

c tiu chun ha trong chun IEEE 802.16e v mt s chun tip theo n.
Ty thuc vo tn s sng mang khc nhau m c 3 kiu cng ngh lp vt l
c nh ngha cho chun 802.16d l n sng mang SC (Single Carrier ), ghp knh phn
chia theo tn s trc giao (OFDM 256 im) v a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s trc giao
(OFDM 2048 im). iu ch n sng mang SC c p dng ch yu h thng truy
nhp khng dy c nh FWA ( Fixed Wriless Access) tn s 10GHz n 66 GHz, trong
khi iu ch OFDMA c s dng cho h thng FWA tn s 2GHz 11GHz.
Chun 802.16e c thit k h tr tnh di ng u cui v hin ti n hng
vo phc v cc u cui vi tc di ng ln n 120km/ gi. Vi s tng ln v tc
trong di chuyn ca cc u cui, hiu nng ca h thng s b gim st do hiu ng dch
tn Doppler l ln. ch hng ca chun 802.16e l t tc 70Mbps. Vi rng bng
tn ca sng mang l 20MHz v iu ch 64 QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)
iu ch bin gc vung c s dng, th tc bit hon ton c th t c, nhng
khi vng ph sng trung bnh s nh hn tng i so vi vic s dng iu ch kkhoas
chuyn sang gc vung QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying).
Nhiu nh khai thc mng ln chn WiMAX pht trin mng 4G, cng vi LTE
hai cng ngh ny c mong i c th p ng c cc yu cu ca chun 4G IMT-
Advanced (International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced) thng tin di ng quc
t tin tin. C LTE Advanced v WiMAX 902.16m u c kh nng cung cp tc truyn
thng di ng tin ln 100Mb/s v tc truyn thng trng thi tnh l 1Gb/s y l
tiu ch quan trng cho chun IMT-Advanced ca Lin minh vin thng quc t (ITU).
1.3 Cng ngh 4G LTE
Hin nay, cng ngh LTE [1,4,10,11,20] vn ang c 3GPP tip tc nghin cu
pht trin. Phin bn hon chnh n thi im hin ti l Release-10 [20] hon thin vo
nm 2011 cho phin bn LTE-Advanced p ng tiu chun 4G.
H thng 3GPP LTE, l bc tip theo cn hng ti ca h thng mng khng
dy 3G da trn cng ngh di ng GSM/UMTS, v l mt trong nhng cng ngh tim
nng nht cho truyn thng 4G. Lin minh Vin thng Quc t (ITU) nh ngha
truyn thng di ng th h th 4 l IMT Advanced .
1.3.1 ng c thc y
- Cn th h tip theo ci thin cc nhc im ca 3G v p ng nhu cu ca
ngi s dng
- Ngi dng i hi tc d liu v cht lng dch v cao hn
- Ti u h thng chuyn mch gi
- Tip tc nhu cu i hi ca ngi dng v gim gi thnh
- Gim phc tp
- Trnh s phn on khng cn thit cho hot ng ca mt cp hoc khng phi
mt cp di thng
15

1.3.2 Cc giai on pht trin ca LTE

- Bt u nm 2004, d n LTE tp trung vo pht trin thm UTRAN
(UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) mng truy cp v tuyn mt t UMTS
(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) h thng thng tin di ng ton cu v
ti u cu trc truy cp v tuyn ca 3GPP.
- Mc tiu hng n l dung lng d liu truyn ti trung bnh ca mt ngi
dng trn 1MHz so vi mng HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) truy cp
gi xung vi tc cao Release-6 [20] ti xung gp 3 n 4 ln (100Mbps). Ti ln gp
2 n 3 ln (50Mbps).
- Nm 2007, LTE ca k thut truy cp v tuyn th h th 3 E-UTRA (Evolved
UTRA) pht trin t nhng bc kh thi a ra cc c tnh k thut c chp nhn.
Cui nm 2008 cc k thut ny c s dng trong thng mi.
- Cc k thut OFDMA c s dng cho ng xung v SC-FDMA (Single
Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s n
sng mang c s dng cho ng ln.
1.3.3 Cc c tnh c bn ca LTE
- Hot ng bng tn : 700 MHz - 2,6 GHz.
- T c : DL (Down link) ng xung l 100Mbps, UL (Up link) ng ln l
50 Mbps vi 2 angten thu, mt angten pht.
- tr: nh hn 5ms
- rng BW (Band Width) bng thng linh hot: 1,4 MHz; 3 MHz; 5 MHz; 10
MHz; 15 MHz; 20 MHz. H tr c 2 trng hp di bng ln v bng xung bng nhau
hoc khng.
- Tnh di ng: Tc di chuyn ti u l 0-15 km/h nhng vn hot ng tt vi
tc di chuyn t 15-120 km/h, c th ln n 500 km/h ty bng tn.
- Ph tn s:
+ Hot ng ch FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) ghp song cng phn
chia theo tn s hoc TDD (Time Division Duplex) ghp song cng phn chia theo thi
gian
+ ph sng t 5-100 km
+ Dung lng 200 user/cell bng tn 5Mhz.
- Cht lng dch v:
+ H tr tnh nng m bo cht lng dch v QoS.
+ VoIP m bo cht lng m thanh tt, tr ti thiu thng qua mng UMTS.
- Lin kt mng:
+ Kh nng lin kt vi cc h thng UTRAN/GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio
Access Network) mng truy cp v tuyn GSM (Global System For Mobile
Communications) h thng thng tin di ng ton cu v EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates
for GSM Evolution) hin c v cc h thng khng thuc 3GPP cng s c m bo.
16

+ Thi gian tr trong vic truyn ti gia E-UTRAN v UTRAN/GERAN s

nh hn 300ms cho cc dch v thi gian thc v 500ms cho cc dch v cn li. [3,4]
1.3.4 Cc thng s lp vt l ca LTE
Cc thng s lp vt l ca LTE c xy dng theo hai bng sau [1,3,4,20]
Bng 1.1: Cc thng s lp vt l LTE [3]
UL DTFS-OFDM (SC-FDMA)
K thut truy cp
DL OFDMA
Bng thng 1.4MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 20MHz
TTI ti thiu 1ms
Khong cch sng mang 15KHz
Chiu di CP (Cyclic Prefix) Ngn 4.7s
Tin t chu trnh Di 16.7s
iu ch QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Ghp knh khng gian 1 lp cho UL/UE, ln n 4 lp cho DL/UE,
s dng MU-MIMO cho UL v DL
Bng 1.2 Tc nh ca LTE theo lp [3]

Lp 1 2 3 4 5
Tc nh DL 10 50 100 150 300
Mbps UL 5 25 50 50 75
Dung lng cho cc chc nng lp vt l
Bng thng RF 20MHz
DL QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
QPSK,
iu ch
UL QPSK, 16QAM 16QAM,
64QAM
1.3.5 Dch v ca LTE
Qua vic kt ni ca ng truyn tc rt cao, bng thng linh hot, hiu sut
s dng ph cao v gim thi gian tr gi, LTE ha hn s cung cp nhiu dch v a dng
hn. i vi khch hng, s c thm nhiu ng dng v dng d liu ln, ti v v chia
s video, nhc v ni dung a phng tin. Tt c cc dch v s cn lu lng ln hn
p ng cht lng dch v, c bit l vi mong i ca ngi dng v ng
truyn c r nt cao. i vi khch hng l doanh nghip, truyn cc tp tin ln vi
tc cao, cht lng video hi ngh ttLTE s mang c tnh ca Web 2.0 ngy nay
vo khng gian di ng ln u tin. Dc theo s bo m v thng mi, n s bng
qua nhng ng dng thi gian thc nh game a ngi chi v chia s tp tin.
17

Bng 1.3 : So snh cc dch v ca 3G so vi 4G LTE [1,2,3,7,9]

Dch v Mi trng (3G) Mi trng 4G
Thoi (rich VoIP, video hi ngh cht lng
m thanh thi gian thc
voice) cao
Tin nhn P2F SMS, MMS, cc email u tin Cc tin nhn photo, IM, email di
(P2F messaging) thp ng, tin nhn video
Truy cp n cc dch v
Lt web online trc tuyn, trnh duyt Duyt siu nhanh, ti cc ni
(browsing) WAP, thng qu GPRS mng dung ln cc mng x hi
3G
Thng tin cc Ngi dng tr hoc trn mng
Tp ch trc tuyn, dng m
ph (paid tnh cc chun. Chnh yu l
thanh cht lng cao
information) da trn thng tin vn bn
Ch yu l m thanh chung,
Ring t m thanh thc (thu m gc),
cng bao gm mn hnh ch
(personalization) cc trang web c nhn
v nhc ch
Kinh nghim game trc tuyn
Games Ti v v chi game trc tuyn vng chc qua c mng c nh
v di ng
Cc dch v qung b TV, TV
Video/TV(Tivi)
Chy v c th ti theo ng yu cu dng cht
theo yu cu
lng cao
Ti y cc track v dch v Lu tr v ti nhc cht lng
Nhc
m thanh cao
Tin nhn ng cp s dng ba Phn phi t l rng ca cc
Ni dung tin
thnh phn cng nh tng tc video clip, dch v karaoke,
nhn
vi cc media khc video c bn qung co di ng
in thoi cm tay nh thit b
M- comerce thanh ton, vi cc chi tit thanh
Thc hin giao dch v thanh
( thng mi qua ton qua mng tc cao cho
ton qua mng di ng
in thoi) php cc giao dch thc hin
nhanh chng
Truy cp n cc mng ni b Chuyn i file P2P, cc ng
Mng d liu di
v c s d liu cng nh cch dng kinh doanh, ng dng chia
ng ( mobile
s dng ca cc ng dng s, thng tin M2M, di ng
data networking)
CRM intranet/extranet
18

V cng ngh, LTE v WiMAX c mt s khc bit nhng cng c nhiu im

tng ng. C hai cng ngh u da trn nn tng IP. C hai u dng k thit thut
MIMO ci thin cht lng truyn/nhn tn hiu, ng xung t trm thu pht n thit
b u cui u c tng tc bng k thut OFDM h tr truyn ti d liu a phng tin
v video.
ng ln t thit b u cui n trm thu pht c s khc nhau gia 2 cng
ngh. WiMax dng OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access - mt
bin th ca OFDM), cn LTE dng k thut SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - Frequency
Division Multiple Access). V l thuyt, SC-FDMA c thit k lm vic hiu qu hn
v cc thit b u cui tiu th nng lng thp hn OFDMA.
LTE cn c u th hn WiMax v c thit k tng thch vi c phng thc
TDD (Time Division Duplex) v FDD (Frequency Division Duplex). Ngc li,
WiMAX hin ch tng thch vi TDDs. TDD truyn d liu ln v xung thng qua 1
knh tn s (dng phng thc phn chia thi gian), cn FDD cho php truyn d liu
ln v xung thng qua 2 knh tn s ring bit. iu ny c ngha LTE c nhiu ph
tn s dng hn WiMAX. Tuy nhin, s khc bit cng ngh khng c ngha quyt
nh trong cuc chin gia WiMAX v LTE.
1.4 Kt lun chng 1
Chng 1 lun vn nghin cu tm hiu mt cch tng quan v cng ngh LTE
c th:
Lun vn nghin cu tm hiu so snh v cc cng ngh mng di ng 4G gm:
cng ngh UMB, cng ngh WiMAX, cng ngh LTE. Qua nghin cu tm hiu ta thy
ngoi cng ngh UMB chnh thc b khai t bi Qualcomm th hai cng ngh cn li
l LTE v WiMAX c mt s khc bit nhng c nhiu im chung nh cng s dng k
thut MIMO ci thin cht lng truyn/nhn tn hiu, c tng tc ng xung t
trm thu n thit b u cui bng k thut OFDM, hai cng ngh ny u da trn nn
tng IP. Tuy nhin, cng ngh LTE c u th hn WiMAX l c thit k tng thch
vi c phng thc TDD v FDD cn WiMAX ch tng thch vi TDD. C hai cng
ngh u p ng c cc tiu ch cho chun 4G IMT-Advanced ca T chc lin minh
Vin thng Quc t ITU l tc truyn thng di ng 100Mb/s v tc truyn thng
trng thi tnh 1Gb/s
Trong chng 1 lun vn cng i su vo nghin cu, tm hiu v cng ngh 4G
LTE nh: tm hiu v ng c thc y tin ln cng ngh 4G LTE, cc giai on pht
trin ca cng ngh ny, cc c tnh c bn ca 4G LTE, cc thng s lp vt l ca 4G
LTE v cc dch v ca 4G LTE.
19

CHNG 2: CU TRC CA MNG LTE V CC VN LIN

QUAN
2.1 Cu trc ca mng LTE

Vi mc tiu thit k h thng ton IP (Internet Protocol) kin trc phng hn nhm
nng cao tc d liu, gim tr, LTE c thit k ch h tr chuyn mch gi knh PS
(Packet Switch) m khng h tr chuyn mch knh CS (Circuit Switch) nh trong cc h
thng th h trc. N cung cp kt ni IP gia thit b ngi dng UE (User Equipment)
v mng d liu gi PDN (Packet Data Network). Thut ng LTE bao hm mng truy nhp
v tuyn E-UTRAN kt hp vi mng li EPC (Evolved Packet Core) to thnh h thng
gi EPS (Evolved Packet System)
Hnh 2.1 Cu trc c bn ca LTE [4]

2.1.1 Mng truy cp v tuyn E-UTRAN
Ch c duy nht mt phn t trong mng truy nhp v tuyn ci tin E-UTRAN l
eNodeB NodeB pht trin (Enhance Node B). y l trm gc v tuyn, iu khin tt
c cc chc nng lin quan n mng v tuyn
eNodeB l phn t truy nhp c bn bao gm t bo n hoc c lp t site.
N cung cp mt phng ngi s dng E-UTRAN v mt bng iu khin hng u cui
ngi s dng. Hai eNodeB c u ni vi nhau thng qua giao din X2. LTE c thit
20

k cung cp cho eNodeB mt mc thng minh gim chi ph. Kt qu, chc nng
qun l ti nguyn v tuyn c cung cp bi eNodeB. Bao gm iu khin sng mang v
tuyn, iu khin kt ni di ng, cp pht ti nguyn ti cc UE c ng ln v ng
xung. eNodeB c bo v bng cch m ha d liu ngi s dng v nh tuyn d liu
mt bng s dng ti cng phc v. Hn na, n cng thc hin lp lch, truyn ti bn tin
cuc gi v cc thng tin v knh iu khin qung b BCCH (Broadcast Control
Channel). [1,4,18,20]
2.1.2 Mng li chuyn mch gi EPC
Thc th qun l di ng MME (Mobility Management Entity):
Thc th qun l di ng MME l thnh phn iu khin chnh trong EPC. N ch
hon ng trong min iu khin m khng tham gia vo min d liu ngi dng. Cc
chc nng chnh ca MME trong kin trc h thng LTE/SAE (System Architecture
Evolution) pht trin kin trc mng nh sau:
- Chc nng xc thc bo mt
- Chc nng qun l di ng
- Chc nng qun l lch s thu bao v k ni dch v
Cng phc v S-GW ( Serving Gateway):
Trong cu hnh kin trc h thng c bn, chc nng ca S-GW l qun l v chuyn
mch ng hm d liu ngi dng. S-GW l mt phn khng th thiu ca c s h tng
mng. S-GW c vai tr th yu trong chc nng iu khin. N ch chu trch nhim cho
cc ti nguyn ca mnh v n n nh ti nguyn theo cc yu cu t MME, P-GW hoc
PCRF.
Gateway mng d liu gi P-GW (Packet Gateway):
P-GW hay cn gi l PDN-GW l b nh tuyn bin gia mng EPC v cc mng
d liu gi bn ngoi. y l mc kt cui di ng ng cao nht trong h thng LTE/SAE
v thng thng n hot ng nh im truy cp IP cho thit b ngi dng (UE). N thc
hin chc nng lc v m lu lng khi dch v yu cu. Tng t vi S-GW, P-GW cng
l thnh phn quan trng ca mng.
Chc nng qun l chnh sch v tnh cc PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules
Function):
PCRF l mt thnh phn mng chu trch nhim iu khin tnh cc v qun l
chnh sch
My ch qun l thu bao thng tr HSS (Home Subscriber Server):
HSS l ni cha d liu cho tt c thu bao. N cng ghi li v tr thu bao nh
mc MME. HSS cng lu tr thng tin v cc dch v m thu bao c th c s dng,
thng tin v cc dch v m thu bao c th c s dng, thng tin v cc kt ni PDN m
thu bao c php kt ni n v c c php chuyn vng ti khch hay khng. Chc
nng HSS tng t nh thanh ghi nh vi thng tr HLR (Home Location Register) trong
h thng 2G. [1,4,18,20]
21

2.1.3 Min dch v ( Services domain)

Min dch v [3, 4] c th bao gm nhiu h thng con v do c th cha nhiu
nt logic. Di y l cc loi dch v c th cung cp v loi c s h tng cn cung
cp cc dch v :
- Cc dch v mng da trn phn h a phng tin s dng IP IMS (IP Multimedia
Subsystem)
- Cc dch v mng khng da trn IMS
- Nhng dch v khc khng c cung cp bi nh mng
2.2 Cc k thut then cht v c im chnh ca LTE
2.2.1 K thut a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s trc giao (OFDMA) hng xung
tng chnh trong k thut OFDM [3, 4, 12] l vic chia lung d liu trc khi
pht i thnh N lung d liu song song c tc thp hn v pht mi lung d liu
trn mt sng mang con khc nhau. Cc sng mang ny l trc giao vi nhau. OFDM c
kh nng thit lp cc knh b tn x ln. S dung di tn rt hiu qu cho php chng ph
gia cc sng mang con. Hn ch c nh hng ca fading v hiu ng ng do chia
knh fading chn lc tn s thnh cc knh cn fading phng tng ng vi cc tn s sng
mang OFDM khc nhau.
Hnh 2.2 K thut OFDM [4]

u im c bn ca OFDMA l cho php nhiu ngi dng cng truy cp vo mt
knh truyn bng cch phn chia mt nhm cc sng mang con (subcarrier) cho mt ngi
dng ti mt thi im. cc thi im khc nhau, nhm sng mang con cho 1 ngi dng
cng khc nhau.
Trong OFDMA, vic trung bnh xuyn nhiu c c bng cch c cc mu nhy
khc nhau trong mi t bo. Cc chui nhy c thit k sao cho hai ngi dng trong cc
t bo khc nhau gy nhiu ln nhau ch trong mt phn nh ca tt c cc bc nhy.
Ngy nay k thut OFDM c s dng rng ri trong cng ngh thng tin. Cc
mng th h 4G: WiMAX, LTE u chn s dng k thut OFDM cho vic nng cao tc
22

truyn d liu.
2.2.2 K thut a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s n sng mang SC-FDMA (Single
Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) hng ln
L do quan trng nht la chn k thut SC-FDMA cho hng ln [3, 4, 12] l
gim cng sut tiu th ca cc thit b u cui. V mt k thut, SC-FDMA cho t l gia
cng sut nh v cng sut trung bnh PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) thp hn
OFDMA gip mang li hiu qu cao cho vic thit k cc b khuch i ca thit b u
cui theo gim cng sut tiu th ca my u cui.
Hnh 2.3 K thut OFDMA v SC FDMA [4]

Tn hiu SC-FDMA c to ra bng k thut tri ph DFT-OFDM (Discrete
Fourier Transform - OFDM).
Mi symbol d liu c chuyn i DFT (bin i Fourier ri rc) trc khi sp
xp vo cc sng mang con, do SC-FDMA cn c gi l OFDM c m ha trc
(DFT-precoded)
Trong mt OFDM tiu chun, mi symbol d liu c mang trn mt sng mang
con ring bit. Trong SC-FDMA, nhiu sng mang con mang mi symbol d liu bng
cch sp xp cc mu ca symbol d liu trn min tn s ln cc sng mang con. V vy
symbol d liu c tri trn nhiu sng mang con, k thut SC-FDMA c PAPR thp hn
so vi OFDM v c u im phn tp tn s. Do , SC-FDMA c th c xem nh
OFDM tri ph hoc OFDM tri DFT.
2.2.3 K thut nhiu u vo nhiu u ra MIMO (Multi Input, Multi Output)
MIMO [3, 4, 12] l mt phn tt yu ca LTE t c cc yu cu y tham
vng v thng lng v hiu qu s dng ph. MIMO cho php s dng nhiu anten
my pht v my thu. Vi hng DL, MIMO 2x2 (2 anten thit b pht, 2 anten thit
23

b thu) c xem l cu hnh c bn, v MIMO 4x4 cng c cp v a vo bng

c t k thut chi tit. Hiu nng t c ty thuc vo vic s dng MIMO. Trong
, k thut ghp knh khng gian (spatial multiplexing) v pht phn tp (transmit
diversity) l cc c tnh ni bt ca MIMO trong cng ngh LTE.
Gii hn chnh ca knh truyn thng tin l can nhiu a ng gii hn v dung
lng theo quy lut Shannon. MIMO li dng tn hiu a ng gia my pht v my
thu ci thin dung lng c sn cho bi knh truyn. Bng cch s dng nhiu anten
bn pht v thu vi vic x l tn hiu s, k thut MIMO c th to ra cc dng d liu
trn cng mt knh truyn, t lm tng dung lng knh truyn.
Hnh 2.4 M hnh SU-MIMO v MU-MIMO [4]

Hnh trn l v d v SU-MIMO 2x2 (Single User MIMO)v MU-MIMO 2x2
(Multi User MIMO). SU-MIMO y hai dng d liu trn vi nhau m ha ph
hp vi knh truyn nht. SU- MIMO 2x2 thng dng trong tuyn xung. Trong trng
hp ny dung lng cell tng v tc d liu tng. MU-MIMO 2x2 y dng d liu
MIMO a ngi dng n t cc UE khc nhau. Dung lng cell tng nhng tc d
liu khng tng. u im chnh ca MU-MIMO so vi SU-MIMO l dung lng cell tng
m khng tng gi thnh v pin ca hai my pht UE. MU-MIMO phc tp hn SU-
MIMO.
Trong h thng MIMO, b pht gi cc dng d liu qua cc anten pht. Cc dng
d liu pht thng qua ma trn knh truyn bao gm nhiu ng truyn gia cc anten
pht v cc anten thu. Sau b thu nhn cc vector tn hiu t cc anten thu, gii m
thnh thng tin gc.
2.3 Cu trc khung d liu LTE (Radio frame)
Cu trc khung d liu trong LTE [3, 4, 12] l ging nhau cho c hng xung v
hng ln. Mi khung d liu c di 10ms (307200xTs, Ts l n v thi gian quy c)
bao gm 10 khung con (subframe). Mi khung con bao gm 2 khe vi 7 symbol OFDM
(trng hp s dng CP ngn) hoc 6 symbol OFDM ( trng hp s dng CP di)
24

Hnh 2.5 Cu trc khung d liu LTE [4]

2.4 Bng tn LTE
LTE h tr nhiu bng tn khc nhau mt cch linh hot cho php cc nh mng c
th la chn mt cch mm do, ti u qu tn s v c kh nng ti s dng bng tn ca
cng ngh c khi lu lng di chuyn (v d 2G sang 3G) v ti u chi ph u t mng.
Bng di y m t bng tn LTE d kin cho cng ngh FDD
Bng 2.1 Bng tng cho UMTS/ LTE [3, 4]
Tch song
S Khe di cng - Dng Dng
ng ln ng xung
di tn Duplex cho cho
(MHz) (MHz)
tn (MHz) Separation UMTS LTE
(MHz)
FUL low FUL high FDL low FDL high
1 1920-1980 2110-2170 130 190 Y Y
2 1850-1910 1930-1990 20 80 Y Y
3 1710-1785 1850-1880 20 95 Y Y
4 1710-1755 2110-2155 355 400 Y Y
5 824-849 869-894 20 45 Y Y
6 830-840 875-885 35 45 Y Y
7 2500-2570 2620-2690 50 120 Y Y
8 880-915 925-960 10 45 Y Y
9 1749.9-1784.9 1844.9-1879.9 60 95 Y Y
10 1710-1770 2110-2170 340 400 Y Y
11 1427.9-1452.9 1475.9-1500.9 23 48 Y Y
12 698-716 728-746 12 30 Y Y
13 777-787 746-756 21 31 Y Y
14 788-798 758-768 20 30 Y Y
15 704-716 734-746 18 30 N Y
25

2.5 Li ti nguyn LTE

Mi khe d liu c t chc thnh cc li ti nguyn RG (Resource grid). Nh
m t cu trc khung d liu, min thi igan ca mt li ti nguyn ko di n 6
hoc 7 symbol OFDM. Min tn s l tng s sng mang con trong ton b bng tn hot
ng. Thnh phn nh nht ca li ti nguyn c gi l phn t ti nguyn RE (Resource
element). Phn ti nguyn nh nht c th c cp pht gi l mt khi ti nguyn RB
(Resource Block).
1Resource Block = 7 (hoc 6) symbol OFDM x 12 sng mang con
Nh vy nu s dng CP ngn th 1 khi ti nguyn chim mt di tn l 180kHz
(12x15kHz vi 15kHz l bng tn cho mt sng mang con). [4]
Hnh 2.6 Li ti nguyn LTE [4]

Hu ht nhng gii php, thut ton nhm nng cao hiu nng mng LTE v cht
lng dch v xoay quanh vic lm th no s dng mt cch hiu qu, linh hot li ti
nguyn.
26

2.6 Chuyn giao i vi LTE

H thng a truy nhp theo m bng rng WCDMA (Wideband Code Division
Multiple Access) s dng chuyn giao mm cho c ng ln v ng xung. H thng
truy nhp gi tc cao HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) s dng chuyn giao mm
cho ng ln nhng khng s dng cho ng xung. h thng LTE, khng s dng
chuyn giao mm, ch c chuyn giao cng, do h thng tr nn n gin hn.
Trong h thng trc, mng li qun l b iu khin mng v tuyn RNC (Radio
Network Controller), RNC qun l cc trm BS ( Base Station) v BS li qun l cc UE.
V th khi UE chuyn qua vng RNC khc phc v, th mng li ch bit n RNC ang
phc v UE. Mi chuyn giao c iu khin bi RNC Nhng i vi E-UTRAN,
mng li c th thy mi chuyn giao.
Hnh 2.7 Cc loi chuyn giao

Chuyn giao cng tn s (intra-frequency) c thc hin gia cc cell
(Cellular) trong cng mt eNodeB. Chuyn giao khc tn s (intra-frequency) c
thc hin gia cc cell thuc cc eNodeB khc nhau.
UE s thc hin trn d on o lng cng sut thu tn hiu tham kho RSRP
(Reference Signal Receive Power) v cht lng thu tn hiu tham kho RSRQ
(Reference Signal Receive Quality) da trn tn hiu tham kho RS (Reference Signal)
nhn c t cell ang phc v v t cell nh hng mnh nht. Gii thut chuyn giao
da trn gi tr RSRP v RSRQ, chuyn giao c thit lp khi cc thng s ny t cell
nh hng cao hn cell ang phc v.
Tm li, vi cng ngh mng 4G LTE ta dng cng sut thu tn hiu tham kho
RSRP l trung bnh cng sut ca tt c cc thnh phn ti nguyn mang tn hiu tham
kho qua ton b bng thng. N c th c o lng tn hiu OFDM mang tn hiu
tham kho. o lng RSRP cung cp cng tn hiu c th ca cell. o lng ny
c s dng lm ng vo cho chuyn giao v quyt nh chn li cell.
Khi thc hin o lng chuyn giao th chnh lch mc RSRP v RSRQ
phi mt mc chnh lch mi quyt nh chuyn giao. i vi 2 cell cng tn s,
chnh lch RSRP t +/- 2 dB n +/- 3 dB, chnh lch RSRQ t +/- 2,5 n 4 dB.
i vi 2 cell khc tn s th chnh lch RSRP l +/- 6 dB, chnh lch RSRQ t
+/- 3 n 4 dB.
27

2.7 Kt lun chng 2

Chng 2 ca lun vn nghin cu tm hiu c cu trc mng 4G LTE. Qua
nghin cu tm hiu ta thy cu trc ca 4G LTE gm ba lp l lp mng truy cp v
tuyn E-UTRA, lp mng li chuyn mch gi EPC v lp min dch v. Trong , lp
mng truy cp v tuyn E-UTRA ch c duy nht mt phn t eNodeB -NodeB pht trin,
y l trm gc v tuyn iu khin tt c cc chc nng lin quan n v tuyn.
Chng ny lun vn cng nghin cu v tm hiu cc k thut then cht v c
im ca 4G LTE c th: k thut a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s trc giao OFDM
cho hng xung vi u im ca k thut ny l cho php nhiu ngi dng cng truy
cp vo mt knh truyn bng cch phn chia mt nhm cc sng mang con, k thut a
truy nhp phn chia theo tn s n sng mang SC-FDMA cho hng ln c u im
gim cc cng sut tiu th cho cc thit b u cui, k thut nhiu u vo nhiu u ra
MIMO cho php s dng nhiu anten my pht v my thu.
Ngoi ra, chng 2 cng nghin cu v cu trc d liu ca LTE cho thy d liu
ca hng ln v hng xung ca LTE l ging nhau v c th hin qua Hnh 2.5, di
bng tn s dng ca LTE v UMTS c s dng trong Bng 2.1, mng li ti nguyn
v chuyn giao ca LTE vi cc mng khc.
28

CHNG 3: XY DNG QUY HOCH MNG 4G LTE
Phng n nghin cu ca chng 3 l kt hp nghin cu l thuyt v quy hoch

mng 4G LTE n quy hoch chi tit bng cch a ra cc iu kin ti u quy hoch
v p dng n xy dng quy hoch mng 4G LTE.
Mc ch ca chng l nghin cu tm hiu a ra cc thng s, biu thc cn
thit lm c s tnh ton cho xy dng phn mm quy hoch c th:
+ Lun vn nghin cu nghin cu tnh ton qu ng truyn ca 4G LTE da
trn hai bng thng s qu ng truyn ln v qu ng truyn xung [3] lm v
d t c lng c suy hao tn hiu cc i ca mng lm c s xc nh bn
knh vng ph khi bit vng ph s dng cc m hnh truyn sng ph hp. Vic xc
nh c bn knh vng ph s cho ta tnh c din tch ph v kt hp vi din
tch a l ca vng ph s tnh c s eNodeB lp t cho vng quy hoch.
+ Chng 3 lun vn cng i nghin cu l thuyt v quy hoch lu lng, a
ra cc biu thc cn thit cho tnh ton quy hoch dung lng mng tm ra s eNodeB
cn lp t cho quy hoch dung lng.
Do cng ngh LTE cn mi Vit Nam, vic nghin cu ca nh mng mi dng
mc thc nghim cha a vo khai thc v s dng thc t nn cc thng s k thut
tnh ton cho vic quy hoch c hn ch. Sau khi nghin cu cc ti liu lin quan,
tc gi xc nh hai bng thng s [3] ly lm v d xy dng phn mm tnh ton cho
quy hoch vng ph. Phn quy hoch dung lng tc gi lp bi ton gi nh tnh
ton xc nh s eNodeB cn lp t cho mt vng c th l mt s qun ca thnh ph
H Ni.
3.1. Khi qut v qu trnh quy hoch mng LTE
Quy hoch mng LTE cng ging nh quy hoch mng 3G bao gm ba bc:
nh c hay cn gi l khi to, quy hoch chi tit, vn hnh v ti u ha mng. [2,4]
KHI TO QUY HOCH V XY DNG O&M
Cu hnh Quy hoch Cc yu cu v dung Quy hoch Ti u ha
mng v vng ph v lng tham s mng
nh c la chn v Phn b lu lng c trng Bo co s
mng tr trm Phn b dch v vng/cell liu o
Mc nghn cho php Chin lc
Cc yu cu, S liu o v chuyn giao Phn tch
Cc c tnh v h
chin lc c tnh thng hng i hiu nng
i vi vng truyn dn Ti ti a thng k
ph, cht Phn tch nhiu bn
lng v Ti u ha ngoi Qun l ti Cht lng
dung lng vng ph v nguyn v hiu qu
Nhn thc thch ng
cho mi loi v tr trm tuyn khc tnh sn
Hnh 3.1 Khi qut v qu trnh quy hoch mng LTE [2,4]
29

Mc ch ca nh c mng truy nhp LTE l c tnh c mt site yu cu v

cu hnh site cn thit cho vng quy hoch. Cc hot ng quy hoch mng truy nhp LTE
ban u bao gm phn tch qu ng truyn v tuyn v vng ph, c tnh dung lng
, c tnh khi lng eNodeB v cc cng truy nhp (MME/S-GW), cu hnh phn
cng v cui cng l thit b ti cc giao din khc
3.2. D bo lu lng v phn tch vng ph
3.2.1 D bo lu lng
Vic quy hoch mng phi da trn nhu cu v lu lng [2,3,4]. Do d bo
lu lng l bc u tin cn thc hin trong qu trnh quy hoch mng. Phn tch lu
lng cho php c tnh lu lng m mng cn truyn ti. Cc kiu lu lng khc
nhau m mng s truyn ti cn c m hnh ha. Cc kiu lu lng c th gm cc
cuc thoi, VoIP, lu lng PS hay CS. Chi ph b sung cho tng kiu lu lng cn
c tnh v a vo m hnh. Thi gian v khi lng lu lng cng cn c d bo
nh gi hiu nng mng v xc nh liu mang c thc hin c cc yu cu ra.
3.2.1.1 D bo s thu bao
i vi th trng cn phc v, cn phi nh gi tng s thu bao [2,3,4]. L
tng c th chia vic nh gi cho tng thng c th thy c xu th pht trin thu
bao. iu ny l cn thit v khi qui hoch ta cn tnh d phng cho tng lai. Nu c th
cung cp cc dch v khc nhau, th cn d bo cho tng loi dch v. Chng hn nh
khai thc c th chn t hp cc dch v no gm ch ting, ting v s liu hoc ch
s liu. Ngoi ra cc dch v s liu cng c th c chia thnh cc dch v v cc thit
b khc nhau. Chng hn, dch v s liu ch gii hn trnh duyt web, hoc c trnh
duyt web ln email v mt s cc dch v khc nh khng gian web. Dch v s liu
cng c th l cc dch v o lng t xa. D bo cn c thc hin cho tng kiu ngi
s dng.
3.2.1.2 D bo s dng lu lng ting
D bo s dng dch v ting bao gm vic nh gi khi lng lu lng ting
do ngi s dng dch v ting trung bnh to ra [2,3,4]. vic d bo chnh xc ta cn
cung cp d liu nh gi cho tng thng. D liu ting bao gm phn b lu lng: t
MS n c nh, t MS n MS v t MS n E-mail. i vi t MS n c nh cn
phn thnh : phn trm ni ht v ng di. V vy ta cn c s liu v s cuc gi trn
mt thu bao trung bnh gi cao im v thi gian gi trung bnh MHT (Mean Hold
Time) trn cuc gi. Thng thng ta ch c thng s v s pht s dng (MoU: minutes
of Using) ca thu bao/cuc gi. Trong trng hp ny nhm d bo b phn thit k
phi chuyn thnh vic s dng trong gi cao im.
3.2.1.3 D bo s dng lu lng s liu
Ta cn phn loi nhng ngi s dng dch v s liu v d bo cho tng kiu
ngi s dng cng nh khi lng thng lng s liu. Ta cng cn d bo khi no th
thng lng bt u v khi no th n kt thc.
30

3.2.1.4 D phng tng lai

Ta khng th ch qui hoch mng cho cc d kin trc mt m cn qui hoch
mng cho cc d kin tng lai khng phi thng xuyn m rng mng. Ngoi ra
vic d phng tng lai cng cho php mng cung cp lu lng b sung trong trng
hp s tng trng thu bao ln hn thit k hoc s thay i t ngt lu lng ti mt
thi im nht nh. V l do kinh doanh, d phng tng lai cng cn thit a ra
cc k hoch nh gi mi cho php thay i ng k s thu bao hay hnh mu s dng.
3.2.2 Phn tch vng ph
quy hoch mng v tuyn cho h thng thng tin di ng th h th t, bc
tip theo ta cn kho st cc chi tit ni no cn ph sng v cc kiu ph sng cn cung
cp cho cc vng ny. [2,3,4]
Thng thng xy dng quy hoch mng s u tin cc khu vc quan trng nh:
cc vng thng mi, cc vng c mt dn c ng c, cc ng cao tc chnh...
da trn bn mt dn c. Da trn bn dn c cho php ta d on c lu
lng ngi s dng, iu kin mi trng truyn sng, cc nh hng ca n ln m
hnh truyn sng a ra la chn cho cc h s hiu chnh mi trng v thm nhp to
nh.
Trn c s phn tch vng ph sng, tnh ton qu ng truyn theo hng ln
hoc xung, ta tnh bn knh cell vng ph sng theo m hnh sau:
Thng s u vo
Tnh suy hao truyn sng cho

php
Bn knh vng ph R yu cu
theo cc m hnh truyn sng.
Hnh 3.2: M t qu trnh tnh ton bn knh vng ph R
3.3 Quy hoch chi tit

3.3.1 iu kin quy hoch mng 4G LTE
Ngoi vic d bo dung lng v phn tch vng ph mc 3.2, thc hin
c bi ton quy hoch mng hay ni cch khc xy dng c phn mm tnh ton
quy hoch mng 4G LTE ta cn p dng hai iu kin ti u sau cho tnh ton quy hoch
mng 4G LTE xc nh s trm eNodeB cn lp t.
iu kin ti u th 1: quy hoch vng ph xc nh s trm cn lp t. Bi
31

ton da trn vic tnh ton qu ng truyn bit c suy hao tn hiu cc i, t
xc nh bn knh ph khi kt hp m hnh truyn sng thch hp v ta tnh c
din tch ph sng ca ph. Bit c din tch a l vng ph sng ta tnh c s
eNodeB c lp t cho vng ph.
iu kin ti u 2: quy hoch lu lng da trn dn s ca vng quy hoch
c lng s thu bao s dng cng vi vic chn tc m ha v iu ch MCS
(Modulation and Coding Schem), bng thng knh truyn, k thut anten c s
dng ta tnh ton c s trm cn thit c lp t.
T hai kt qu tnh ton c theo hai iu kin ti u trn, ta ly s eNodeB ln
hn chnh l s eNodeB cui cng cn lp t cho vng ph sng.
3.3.2 Quy hoch vng ph
i vi mng di ng t bo, c tnh ph sng c s dng xc nh vng
ph sng ca tng trm thu pht gc BTS (Base Tranceiver Station). c tnh ph sng
s dng tnh ton din tch m ti my thu ca ngi s dng c th nghe c
tn hiu t BTS. N cung cp din tch cc i m BTS c th ph sng. Nhng khng
nht thit phi l mt kt ni chp nhn c (thoi chng hn) gia BTS v MS (Mobile
Station) trm di ng. Tuy nhin my thu MS c th pht hin c BTS trong vng
ph sng.
Quy hoch ph sng bao gm phn tch qu ng truyn v tuyn RLB
(Radio Link Budget) v vng ph. RLB tnh ton cng sut thu c bi my thu
khi cho trc cng sut pht. RLB bao gm tt c cc li v tn hao trn ng
truyn t my pht n my thu. Da trn tnh ton RLB ta tm c tn hao truyn
sng cc i cho php. Tn hao ng truyn c chuyn vo khong cch bng
cch s dng cc m hnh truyn sng thch hp. Khong cch ny hay bn knh
c s dng tnh ton s site cn thit ph ton b din tch nhn c t
c tnh vng ph sng.
Tnh ton qu ng truyn c lng suy hao tn hiu cho php cc i
(pathloss) gia di ng v trm gc. Tn hao ln nht cho php cho ta tnh c bn
knh ph (cell) vi cc m hnh truyn sng ph hp, t ta tnh c din tch ph.
Vi din tch ca ph s cho ta tnh ton c s trm gc c s dng bao ph
vng a l mong mun.
Tnh ton qu ng truyn cng c dng so snh quan h v vng ph ca
cc h thng khc nhau. Mi quan h qu ng truyn ch ra h thng v tuyn LTE
mi s thc hin tt nh th no khi n c trin khai trong cc trm gc tn ti ca
h thng GSM v WCDMA. Do vy, trn c s xy dng cng thc tnh ton qu ng
truyn ca LTE, tc gi cng a kt qu ca cc h thng GSM v WCDMA so snh
tn hiu suy hao cc i ca LTE vi cc h thng khc.
Tnh ton qu ng ln cho LTE [3]
xc nh c qu ng truyn ln ca LTE, ta cn nghin cu, tm hiu v
32

thit lp cc cng thc:

+ Cng sut my pht (PTxm): i vi ng ln cng sut my pht y l cng
sut ca UE. Ty thuc vo lp cng sut pht m UE s dng s c gi tr cng sut
ti a khc nhau. n v dng tnh ton cho cng sut my pht l dBm.
+ Khuch i anten (Gm): ph thuc vo thit b v bng tn s dng. N c gi
tr t -5 n 10 dBi.
+ Tn hao phi v b ni (Lfm)
+ Tn hao c th (Lbody): l tn hao in hnh i vi qu ng truyn cho dch
v thoi v di ng c gi gn vi tai nghe. C gi tr t 0 n 3 dB i vi dch v
thoi. n v l dB.
+ Cng sut pht x ng hng tng ng (EIRPm): c n v l dBm v c
tnh ton theo cng thc sau:
EIPRm = PTxm + Gm + Lfm - Lbody (dBm) (3.1)
+ H s tp m my thu (NF): trong trng hp ny my thu l trm gc v c
n v l dB.
+ Cng sut tp m nhit u vo my thu (Ni): c n v l dBm v c tnh
ton bng cng thc sau:
Ni = 30 + 10lgk + 10log290K + 10lgB (dBm) (3.2)
Vi k l hng s Boltzman v c gi tr k = 1. 3824 x 10-23 J/K. B l bng thng ph
thuc vo tc bit, tng ng vi mi tc bit s c s RB khc nhau c pht i.
Chng hn nh 64 kbps tng ng vi 2 RB c pht i tng ng vi B l 360 KHz.
+ Cng sut tp m nn my thu (Ni): c n v l dBm v c tnh ton theo
cng thc sau :
N = Ni + NF (dBm) (3.3)
+ D tr nhiu (Mi) LTE s nh hn d tr nhiu WCDMA v cc tn hiu
ng ln c trc giao. N c n v l dB v n c gi tr nm trong khong t 1
n 10 dB.
+ Tng tp m nhiu v giao thoa (N + I) c n v l dBm v c tnh ton
theo cng thc sau :
(N + I) (dBm) = N + Mi (dBm) (3 .4 )
+ T s SNR yu cu (SNRr) c ly t m phng, c n v l dB.
+ nhy my thu hiu dng (Pmin): c n v l dB v c xc nh theo cng
thc sau:
Pmin = (N + I) (dBm) + SNRr (dB) (3 .5 )
+ Khuch i anten trm gc (Gb): ph thuc vo kch c anten v s sector. C
gi tr t 15 n 21 dBi, n v l dBi.
33

+ Tn hao phi v b ni (Lfb): tn hao pha trm gc, c n v l dB.

+ Khuch i MHA (GMHA): MHA l b khuch i trn thp anten, c n v l
dB.
+ Tn hao ng truyn cc i cho php (Lmax): c n v l dB v c tnh
ton theo cng thc sau:
Lmax = EIRPm - Pmin + Gb - Lfb + GMHA (dB) (3 .6 )
Tnh ton qu ng xung cho LTE [3]
+ Cng sut my pht (PTxb): i vi ng ln cng sut my pht y l cng
sut ca trm gc. n v dng tnh ton cho cng sut my pht l dBm. Gi tr in
hnh l t 43 - 48 dBm.
+ Khuch i anten (Gb): ph thuc vo kch c anten v s sector. C gi tr t
15 n 21 dBi, n v l dBi.
+ Tn hao phi v b ni (Lf)
+ Cng sut pht x ng hng tng ng (EIRPb): c n v l dBm v c
tnh ton theo cng thc sau:
EIPRb = PTxm + Gb + Lf (dBm) (3 .7 )
+ H s tp m my thu (NF): trong trng hp ny my thu l trm gc v c
n v l dB.
+ Cng sut tp m nhit u vo my thu (Ni): c n v l dBm v c tnh
bng cng thc sau:
Ni = 30 + 10lgk + 10log290K + 10lgB (dBm) (3 .8 )
Vi k l hng s Boltzman v c gi tr k = 1. 3824 x 10-23 J/K. B l bng thng ph
thuc vo tc bit, tng ng vi mi tc bit s c s RB khc nhau c pht i.
Chng hn nh 1Mbps tng ng vi 50 RB c pht i tng ng vi B l 9 MHz.
+ Cng sut tp m nn my thu (N) c n v l dBm v c tnh ton theo cng
thc sau:
N = Ni + NF (dBm) (3. 9 )
+ D tr nhiu (Mi): N c n v l dB v c gi tr t 3-8 dB.
+ B sung nhiu knh diu khin (Mcch)
+ Tng tp m nhiu v giao thoa (N + I) c n v l dBm v c tnh ton
theo cng thc sau:
(N + I) (dBm) = N + Mi + Mcch (3.10)
+ T s SNR yu cu (SNRr): c ly t m phng, c n v l dB.
+ nhy my thu hiu dng (Pmin) c n v l dB v c xc nh theo
cng thc sau:
Pmin = (N + I) (dBm) + SNRr (dB) (3.11)
34

+ Khuch i anten trm gc (Gm) ph thuc vo thit b v bng tn s dng, c

gi tr t -5 n 10 dBi.
+ Tn hao phi v b ni (Lfm): l tn hao pha UE, c n v l dB.
+ Tn hao c th (Lbody): l tn hao in hnh i vi qu ng truyn cho dch
v thoi v di ng c gi gn vi tai nghe, c gi tr t 0 n 3 dB i vi dch v
thoi, n v l dB.
+ Tn hao ng truyn cc i cho php (Lmax): c n v l dB v c tnh
theo cng thc sau:
Lmax = EIRPb - Pmin + Gm - Lfm - Lbody (dB) (3.12)
Bng 3.1: V d tnh qu ng ln LTE cho 64Kbps vi my thu trm gc 2 anten [3]
My pht (MS) u cui di ng
Cng sut pht (dBm) 24,0 PTxm
Khuych i angten (dBi) 0,0 Gm
Tn hao phi + b ni (dB) 0,0 Lfm
Suy hao c th ca MS ng ln 0,0 Lbody
(dB)
Cng sut pht x ng hng 24,0 EIPRm = PTxm + Gm + Lfm - Lbody
tng ng (dBm)
My thu (BS) trm gc
H s tp m my thu trm gc 2,0 NF
(dB)
Cng sut tp m nhit u vo -118,4 Ni = 30 + 10lgk + 10log290K + 10lgB
my thu (dBm) 360KHz)
Cng sut tp m nn my thu -116,4 N = Ni + NF
(dBm)
D tr nhiu (dB) 2,0 Mi
Tng tp m + giao thoa (dBm) -114,4 (N+I) (dBm) = N + Mi
T s SNR yu cu (dB) -7 SNRr, t m phng
nhy my thu (dBm) -121,4 Pmin = (N + I) (dBm) + SNRr
Khuch i angten (dBi) 18,0 Gb
Tn hao phi + b ni trm gc 2,0 Lfb
Khuch i MHA (dB) 2,0 GMHA
Tn hao ng truyn cc i 163,4 Lmax = EIRPm - Pmin + Gb - Lfb + GMHA
(dB)
35

Bng 3.2: V d tnh qu ng xung LTE cho 1Mbps vi my thu trm gc 2 anten [3]
My pht (BS) trm gc
Khuych i angten (dBi) 18,0 Gb
Tn hao phi + b ni (dB) 2,0 Lfb
Cng sut pht x ng hng 62,0 EIRPb = PTxm + Gb - Lfb
tng ng (dBm)
My thu (MS) u cui di ng
H s tp m my thu (dB) 7,0 NF
Cng sut tp m nhit u vo -104,5 Ni = 30 + 10lgk + 10lg290K + 10lgB
my thu (dBm) (9KHz)
(dBm)
B sung nhiu knh iu khin 1,0 Mcch
Tng tp m + giao thoa (dBm) -93,5 (N+I) (dBm) = N + Mi + Mcch
Tn hao phi + b ni trm gc 0,0 Lfm
Suy hao c th (dB) 0,0 Lbody
Tn hao ng truyn cc i 165,4 Lmax = EIRPb - Pmin + Gm - Lfm - Lbody
(dB)
36

Bng 3.3 So snh qu ng truyn ln ca LTE vi cc h thng GSM, HSPA [2, 3]

ng ln GSM thoi HSPA LTE
Tc d liu (kbps) 12.2 64 64
My pht (MS) u cui di ng
Cng sut pht (dBm) 33,0 23,0 23,0
Khuch i angten (dBi) 0,0 0,0 0,0
Suy hao c th ca MS ng ln (dB) 3,0 0,0 0,0
Cng sut pht x ng hng tng ng 30,0 23,0 23,0
(dBm)
My thu (BS)
H s tp m my thu trm gc (dB) - 2,0 2,0
Cng sut tp m nhit u vo my thu -119,7 -108,2 -118,4
(dBm)
Cng sut tp m nn my thu (dBm) - -106,2 -116,4
D tr nhiu (dB) 0,0 3,0 1,0
T s SNR yu cu (dB) - -17,3 -7
nhy my thu (dBm) -114,0 -123,4 -123,4
Tn hao phi + b ni trm gc 0,0 0,0 0,0
li chuyn giao mm (dB) 0,0 2,0 0,0
Tn hao ng truyn cc i (dB) 162,0 161,1 163,4
37

Bng 3.4 So snh qu ng truyn xung ca LTE vi cc h thng GSM, HSPA[2, 3]

ng xung GSM thoi HSPA LTE
Tc d liu (kbps) 12,2 1024 1024
My pht (BS) trm gc
Cng sut pht (dBm) 44,5 46,0 46,0
Tn hao phi v b ni 2,0 2,0 2,0
Cng sut pht x ng hng tng ng 60,5 62,5 62,0
(dBm)
My thu (MS) u cui di ng
H s tp m my thu trm gc (dB) - 7,0 7,0
Cng sut tp m nhit u vo my thu (dBm) -119,7 -108,2 -104,5
Cng sut tp m nn my thu (dBm) - -101,2 -97,5
D tr nhiu (dB) 0,0 4,0 4,0
T s SNR yu cu (dB) - -5,2 -9,0
nhy my thu (dBm) -104,0 -106,4 -106,5
Overhead ca knh iu khin (%) 0,0 20,0 20,0
Suy hao c th (dB) 3,0 0,0 0,0
Tn hao ng truyn cc i (dB) 161,5 163,4 165,4
3.3.3 Cc m hnh truyn sng
M hnh truyn sng thch hp kt hp vi qu ng truyn ta s tnh c bn
knh ph sng. V c im ca knh truyn dn v tuyn c tnh cht ngu nhin, khng
nhn thy c, i hi c nhng nghin cu phc tp. Mt s m hnh thc nghim
c xut v c s dng d on cc tn hao truyn sng. Cc m hnh c
xut nh gi cc cng ngh truyn dn xt nhiu c tnh mi trng gm cc
thnh ph ln, thnh ph nh, vng ngoi , vng nng thn, vng nhit i v sa mc l
m hnh truyn sng Hata-Okumura, m hnh Walfish-Ikegami.
Cc cng thc, thng s tnh ton trong phn ny c trch dn t bo co k
thut ca Hata-okumura [6, 8]
Cc thng s chnh ca mi trng bao gm:
+ Tr truyn lan, cu trc v cc thay i ca n.
+ Quy tc tn hao a l v tn hao ng truyn b sung.
+ Pha nh che ti.
+ Cc c tnh pha inh nhiu ng cho hnh bao cc knh.
+ Tn s lm vic.
38

3.3.3.1 M hnh Hata-Okumura

M hnh Hata [6, 8] l quan h thc nghim c rt ra t bo co k thut
ca Okumura cho php s dng cc kt qu vo cc cng c tnh ton. Bo co ca
Okumura bao gm mt chui cc lu c s dng lp m hnh thng tin v
tuyn. M hnh ny c s dng trong di tn t 500MHz n 2000 MHz (c th
p dng cho c 2500 MHz). Di y l cc biu thc c s dng trong m hnh
Hata xc nh tn hao truyn sng trung bnh (k hiu l Lp)
Trong m hnh ny, ban u suy hao ng truyn c tnh bng cch tnh h
s hiu chnh anten cho cc vng th l hm ca khong cch gia trm gc, trm di
ng v tn s. Kt qu c iu chnh bng cc h s cho cao anten trm gc v
trm di ng. Cc biu thc ton hc c s dng trong m hnh Hata-Okumura
xc nh tn hao trung bnh L:
Lp= A + Blgfc - 13,82lghb - a(hm) + (44,9 - 6,55lghb)lgr - C (dB) (3.13) [6, 8]
Lp = 69,55 + 26,16lgfc - 13,82lghb - a(hm) + (44,9 - 6,55lghb)lgr - C
Trong :
fc: tn s hot ng (MHz)
Lp: tn hao trung bnh (dB)
hb: cao anten trm gc (m);
hm: cao anten trm di ng (m)
r : bn knh cell (khong cch t trm gc) (km)
a(hm): h s hiu chnh cho cao anten di ng (dB)
C: h s iu chnh suy hao theo vng
A, B l cc yu t ph thuc vo tn s v cao anten
+ Di thng s s dng c cho m hnh Hata l:
150fc 2000 MHz; 30 hb 200 m; 1 hm 10 m; 1 r 20 km. [6,8]
Thng s A&B:
69.55, f 150 :1500Mhz
A
46.3, f 1500 : 2000 Mhz
26.16, f 150 :1500 Mhz
B
33.9, f 1500 : 2000 Mhz
a(hm) h s hiu chnh cho cao anten di ng c tnh nh sau:
- i vi thnh ph nh v trung bnh:
a(hm) = (1,1lgfc -0,7)hm - (1,56lgfc - 0,8) (dB) (3.14) , C = 0 [6, 8]
- i vi thnh ph ln:
a(hm) = 8,29(lg1,54hm)2 - 1,1 (dB) ; fc 200 MHz (3.15), C = 0 [6, 8]
hay: a(hm) = 3,2(lg11,75hm)2 - 4,97 (dB) ; fc 400 MHz (3.16) , C = 0
- i vi vng ngoi : Vi vng ngoi h s hiu chnh suy hao so vi vng
thnh ph l:
39

f 2
Ln. = Lp 2 lg c 5,4 (dB) (3.17)
28
fc 2
C = 2 lg +5,4
28

- i vi vng nng thn
Lnt = Lp - 4.78 lg + 18.33(lg fc ) - 40.49 (dB) (3.18) [6,8]
C= 4.78 lg - 18.33(lg fc ) + 40.49
i vi PCS (Personal Communication System: h thng thng tin c nhn) lm
vic tn s 1500-2000 MHz, Lp s dng micro (tm ph 0,5-1 km) c tnh theo m
hnh COST 231 Hata khi anten cao hn nc nh nh sau:
Lp = 46,3 + 33,9lgfc-13,82lghb-a(hm) + (44,9-6,55lghb)lgd + C (dB) (3.19)
Trong : f, hb, hm, a(hm) v d ging nh trn
C= 0 cho thnh ph trung bnh v cc trung tm ngoi , 3dB cho cc trung tm thnh
ph. Cng thc trn khng p dng khi hb h ca nc nh.
Tn ti mt s im yu trong cc m hnh thc nghim v bn thc nghim khi
nghin cu truyn sng trong cc mi trng vi m. Nu chiu cao anten BTS thp hn
mi nh ca cc ta nh xung quanh, th tnh cht truyn sng s thay i. Khng th
phn tch tnh trng ny bng cc phng php thng k v cc ta nh qu ln so vi
kch thc v khng th b qua cc tnh cht a l chnh xc ca cc ta nh nh trong
cc m hnh v m.
3.3.3.2 M hnh Walfish-Ikegami
M hnh ny c s dng nh gi tn hao ng truyn mi trng thnh
ph cho h thng thng tin di ng t ong [6, 8, 22]. M hnh ny cha cc phn t nh
tn hao khng gian t do, nhiu x mi nh, tn hao tn x v tn hao nhiu vt chn.
M hnh Walfisch-Ikegami da vo gi thit rng s truyn lan sng c truyn trn
mi nh bng qu trnh nhiu x. Cc ta nh nm trn ng thng gia my pht v my
thu.
Ti u cui di ng trng thu bao gm hai tia: tia nhiu x trc tip v tia phn
x v nhiu x. Cng sut ca hai thnh phn ny cng vi nhau. i vi trng hp
LOS (trc x), m hnh ban u c m rng thnh m hnh hm ph M hnh tng
hp ny c gi l m hnh COST231- Walfisch-Ikegami
40

Hnh 3.3 Cc tham s ca m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami [3,8]

M hnh COST 231- Walfisch-Ikegami c chia th hai phn: (1) trc x (LOS) v
khng trc x (NLOS). Thng tin v cao ta nh c s dng xc nh ng
truyn l LOS hay NLOS. Tn hao ng truyn ca m hnh ny c tnh nh sau:
Lp= Lf + Lrts + Lmsd (dB) (3.20) [6,8]
h ay Lp = Lf khi Lrts + Lmsd 0 Trong :
Lf : tn hao khng gian t do (dB)
Lrts: nhiu x mi nh - ph v tn hao tn x (dB)
Lmsd: tn hao cc vt che chn (dB)
+ Tn hao khng gian t do Lf c xc nh:
Lf = 32,4 +20lgr + 20lgfc (dB) (3.21)
+ Nhiu x mi nh - ph v tn hao phn tn tnh nh sau:
Lrts = (-16,7) -10lgW + 10lgfc + 20lghm + Lori (dB) (3.22)
Trong :
W: rng ph (m)
hm= hr - hm (m)
hr : cao trung bnh to nh
hm : cao M
hb: cao BS
-10+ 0.3546,0 350

2.5 + 0.075 ( 35), 350 < 350
4 - 0.114 ( 35), 350 550 < 900
Trong : l gc n so vi trc ph
+ Tn hao cc vt che chn:
Lmsd = Lbsh + ka + kdlgr + kflgfc - 9lgb (dB) (3.23)
41

Trong : b: khong cch gia ta nh dc theo ng truyn v tuyn (m)
-18.lg (1+hb), hb > hr

Lbsh =
0, hb < hr
54, hb > hr
ka = 54 - 0,8hb, (r 500m, hb hr)
54 1,6hb, (r < 500m, hb hr)

18 - , hb > hr
kd =
18, hb < hr
kf = -4 + 1,5 1 vi thnh ph ln
kf = -4 + 0,7 1 vi thnh ph trung bnh
V vy, Lp s c tnh theo hai cng thc sau:

- Vi trng hp tia nhn thng (LOS):
Lp = 42,6 + 26lgr + 20lgfc (dB) (3.24)
- Vi trng hp tia khng nhn thng (NLOS):
Lp = 32,4 + 20lgr + 20lgfc + Lrts + Lmsd (dB) (3.25)
+ Di thng s cho m hnh Walfisch Ikegami phi tha mn:
800 fc 2000 MHz; 4 hb 50 m; 1 hm 3 m; 0,02 r 5 km [22]
C th s dng cc gi tr mc nh sau cho m hnh:
b = 20 50m; W = b/2; = b/2.
Nc nh = 3m cho nc nh c cao v 0 m cho nc nh phng.
hr = 3 *(s tng) + nc nh
3.3.4 Tnh bn knh ph (cell)
Trc tin, da vo cc tham s ca qu ng truyn xc nh suy hao tn
hiu ti a cho php. Khi , ta tnh c bn knh cell nu bit c m hnh truyn
sng p dng vi mi trng ang kho st (Lp = Lmax).
T cng thc:
LP = L + X *lgR (dB) (3.26) [8]
Suy ra cng thc tnh bn knh cell nh sau:
42

Rcell = 10(Lp - L)/X (km) (3.27)

+ p dng vi m hnh Hata-Okumura: [6,8]
L= A + Blgfc - 13,82lghb - a(hm) - C (dB) (3.28)
X= (44,9 - 6,55lghb) (3.29)
X l yu t ph thuc vo cao anten
+ p dng m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami: [22]
NON-LOS:
L= 32,4 +20lgfc + Lbsh + ka + kflgfc - 9lgb + Lrts (dB) (3.30)
X =( 20+kd)
LOS:
L=42. 6 +20lgfc (3.31)
X= 2 6
Sau khi tnh c kch thc cell, ta tnh c din tch vng ph sng ca cc
site vi ch din tch vng ph ph thuc vo cu hnh phn on trm gc. Din tch
vng ph i vi mt cell c cu trc lc gic nh sau:
Hnh 3.4: Ba loi site khc nhau (ommi, 2-sector, 3-sector) [8, 14]
2
Ssite = K. R (km2) (3.32)
Trong : S l din tch vng ph sng ca site, R l bn knh cc i cell, K l hng
s.
Bng 3.5 Cc gi tr K s dng cho tnh ton vng ph sng [3]
Cu hnh trm Ommi (v hng) 2-sector 3-sector 6-sector
K 2,6 1,3 1,95 2,6
S trm cn trin khai c th tnh c t din tch cn quy hoch (Splan) nh sau:
Nsite = (3.33)
3.3.5 Quy hoch dung lng
Dung lng l thuyt ca mng b gii hn bi s eNodeB t trong mng.
Dung lng ca mng b nh hng bi cc yu t nh mc can nhiu, thc thi lp biu,
k thut m ha v iu ch c cung cp. Sau y l cc cng thc dng tnh s
eNodeB c tnh bi kha cnh dung lng.
43

S eNodeB = (3.34) [8]

Trong site capacity l bi s ca thng lng cell (cell throughput), n ty thuc vo

cu hnh ca cell trn site.
Tnh ton cell throughput:
1frame = 10ms = 10subframe =20 time slot
1 timeslot =0.5ms= 7 k t OFDM vi normal CP v 6 k t OFDM vi CP m rng.
Trong OFDMA, vic ch nh s sng mang con cho ngi dng khng da vo tng
sng mang con ring l m da vo cc khi ti nguyn (Resource Block).
1RB=12 sng mang con cho mt slot
Khong cch 1 sng mang con l 15 KHz1 khi RB rng 12x15=180Khz.
n v nh nht ca ti nguyn l thnh phn ti nguyn (RE), n bao gm
mt sng mang con i vi khong thi gian ca mt k t OFDM. Mt RB bao
gm 84 RE (tc 7x12) trong trng hp chiu di CP thng thng v 72 RE
(6x12) trong trng hp chiu di CP m rng.
Bng 3.6 Gi tr ca bng thng cu hnh tng ng vi bng thng knh truyn v sng
mang yu cu [3, 4]
Bng thng knh S RB ch nh cho Bng thng S sng mang
truyn (MHz) bng thng knh truyn cu hnh yu cu
1.4 6 1.08 72
3 15 2.7 180
5 25 4.5 300
10 50 9 600
15 75 13.5 900
20 100 18.0 1200
Tc (number of bits in a sub-frame) = 100RBs x 12 sub-carriers x 2 slots x 7

modulation symbols x 6 bits = 100800 bits. Do tc d liu l 100.8 Mbps. Nu
s dng MIMO 4x4 th tc d liu l 4x108.8=403 Mbps. Nu s dng m ha bo
v th ta c tc bng 0.75x403= 302 Mbps.
tnh ton cell throughput trc tin ta xt tc bit nh (peak bit rate). Tng
ng vi mi mc MCS (iu ch v m ha) cng vi c kt hp MIMO hay khng s
to ra cc tc bit nh khc nhau. Tc bit nh c tnh theo cng thc sau:

Tc bit nh = x S sng mang con x (3.35)
i vi mi loi iu ch khc nhau s mang s bit trn k t khc nhau. QPSK

44

mang 2 bit/k t, 16QAM mang 4bit/k t v 64QAM mang 6bit/k t. 2x2 MIMO gp
i tc bit nh. QPSK (tc m ha ) mang 1bps/Hz, vi 64QAM khng s
dng tc m ha v vi 2x2 MIMO s mang 12bps/Hz. Mi bng thng ch nh s c
s sng mang tng ng cho mi bng thng: 72 sng mang i vi 1.4 MHz, 180 i
vi 3MHz, v i vi bng thng 5MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz tng ng s l 300, 600 v
1200 sng mang con. Tc nh l thuyt cao nht xp x 170 Mbps s dng 64QAM,
2x2 MIMO. Nu s dng 4x4 MIMO, tc nh s gp i l 340 Mbps. S k t trn
subframe thng l 14 k t tng ng vi mi slot l 7 k t.
Bng 3.7 Tc bit nh tng ng vi tng tc m ha v bng thng [3]
K thut Tc bit nh trn sng mang con / bng thng
MCS angten s 72/1.4 180/3.0 300/5.0 600/10 1200/20
dng MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz
QPSK1/2 Dng n 0.9 2.2 3.6 7.2 14.4
16QAM1/2 Dng n 1.7 4.3 7.2 14.4 28.8
16QAM3/4 Dng n 2.6 6.5 10.8 21.6 43.2
64QAM3/4 Dng n 3.9 9.7 16.2 32.4 64.8
64QAM4/4 Dng n 5.2 13.0 21.6 43.2 86.4
64QAM3/4 2x2 MIMO 7.8 19.4 32.4 64.8 129.6
64QAM4/4 2x2 MIMO 10.4 25.9 43.2 86.4 172.8
Tng ng vi mi MCS v tc bit nh l mi mc SINR, ta xt trong iu
kin knh truyn AWGN nn SNR c dng thay cho SINR, tc bit nh c xem
nh dung lng knh. Da vo cng thc dung lng knh Shannon:
C1 = BW1 log2(1+SNR) (Mbps) (3.36) [1]

Ta suy ra c SNR :
(C1/BW1) - 1
SNR = 2 (ln) (3.37)
Trong BW1 l bng thng ca h thng (chng hn nh 1.4 MHz, 3MHz20MHz)
T SNR tm c ta tnh thng lng cell (cell throughput) qua cng thc sau:
C = F*BW log2(1+SNR) (Mbps) (3.38) [1]
Trong BW l bng thng cu hnh ch chim 90% ca bng thng knh truyn
i vi bng thng knh truyn t 3-20 MHz. i vi bng thng knh truyn 1. 4 MHz,
bng thng truyn ch chim 77% ca bng thng knh truyn. V vy trin khai knh
truyn 1. 4 MHz, hiu sut s dng ph thp hn so vi bng thng 3MHz. Bng thng
cu hnh c tnh theo cng thc sau:

BW = (MHz) (3.39)
Trong Nsc l s sng mang con trong mt khi ti nguyn (RB), Nsc = 12 Ns l
s k t OFDM trn mt subframe. Thng thng l 14 k t nu s dng CP thng
thng.
45

Nrb l s khi ti nguyn (RB) tng ng vi bng thng h thng (bng thng
knh truyn). Chng hn nh i vi bng thng knh truyn l 1.4 MHz th s c 6 RB
c pht i.
Tsub l thi gian ca mt khung con, thng thng bng 1ms
Bchannel [MHz]=1,4/3/5/10/20
Bconfig (RB) 6 /15 / 25 / 50 / 75 /100
Hnh 3.5 Quan h gia bng thng knh truyn v bng thng cu hnh [3, 4]
Tnh ton overalldatarate
Overalldatarate c tnh ton theo cng thc sau:
Overalldatarate = S user x Tc bit nh x H s OBF (3.40)
Vi h s OBF = 20
Trong : h s OBF (overbooking factor) l s user trung bnh c th chia s
trn mt n v knh truyn. n v knh truyn s dng trong quy hoch mng l tc
bit nh, c trnh by trn. Nu gi s 100% ti th h s OBF s l t s gia tc
nh v tc trung bnh (PAR: Peak and the average rates). Tuy nhin iu ny
khng an ton cho vic quy hoch mng vi ti 100% v v th h s utilisation c s
dng. H s utilisation ny, trong hu ht tt c cc mng u nh hn 85% bo m
cht lng dch v (QoS). H s OBF c tnh ton theo cng thc sau:
OBF = PAR H s utilisation (3.41)
F l h s sa li, F c tnh ton theo cng thc sau:
/
F= x (3.42)
/
Trong : Tframe l thi gian ca mt frame. C gi tr l 10 ms. Mi frame bao

gm 10 subframe v mi subframe c gi tr l 1ms.
Tcp l tng thi gian CP ca tt c cc k t OFDM trong vng mt frame. Chiu
di khong bo v cho mi k t OFDM l 5.71 s i vi CP ngn v 16.67s i vi
CP di. Mi frame s bao gm 10 subframe, mi subframe li bao gm 2 slot m mi
slot bao gm 7 k t OFDM. Do Tcp s c gi tr l 14x10x5.71 = 779.4 s hay
46

14x10x16.67 = 2. 33ms.
Suy ra:
. . /
F= x
. /
= 8,8
i vi CP di:
. . /
F= x
. /
=7
Cc thng s u vo ca tnh ton dung lng ti mt phn t mng (eNobeB) gm:

Bng thng da trn cu hnh c s dng v bng thng cung cp ta tnh c
cc chi ph tn hao bng thng v a ra bng thng kh dng.
Hiu sut s dng bng thng: Vi cu hnh MIMO nht nh ta xc nh c
hiu sut bng thng tng ng.
Cc thng s u ra ca tnh ton dung lng ti mt phn t mng (eNobeB).
T dung lng ti mt phn t tc xc nh c s lng u cui c th p ng
ng thi (da trn tc s liu yu cu Rsub v ti trung bnh Lbh ). Vi c lng
ngi dng ta tnh c s site cn lp t.
Ta tnh c dung lng tng cn p ng (s site*dung lng site eNodeB)
.
Nsub = Nsector . (3.42)

Nsite = (3.43)
T ta c:
. .
Ccap = (Mbps) (3.44)
.
Trong :
+ Lbh : Ti trung bnh
+ Rsub: Tc s liu yu cu
+ Abh : Tc s liu gi cao im
+ Ofactor: H s ng k vt qu
+ Nsector: on trn mt site
+ Ntotal : S ngi dng cn phc v
+ Nsite : S site
+ Nsub : S thu bao c th qun l
Sau khi tnh ton c s eNodeB theo vng ph v s eNodeB theo dung lng,
ta ti u s eNodeB li bng cch ly s eNodeB ln nht trong hai trng hp. S
eNodeB ny l s eNodeB cui cng c lp t trong mt vng nh sn.
47

3.4 p dng quy hoch cho mt s qun huyn thnh ph H Ni

p dng cch tnh theo quy hoch vng ph trn, t din tch cc qun huyn
ca thnh ph v bn knh cell c xc nh da trn qu ng truyn v m hnh
truyn sng thch hp ta tnh c s eNodeB c lp t cho cc qun huyn ca
thnh ph theo quy hoch vng ph.
V quy hoch dung lng, tc gi lm bi ton gi nh c lng c s thu
bao s dng 4G LTE cho tng qun huyn ca thnh ph, kt hp vi tc m ha v
iu ch MCS (Modulation and Coding Schem), bng thng knh truyn, da trn cc
cng thc ta tnh nh c s eNodeB theo quy hoch dung lng.
Kt qu s eNodeB lp t cho tng qun huyn ca thnh ph chnh l s eNodeB
ln hn khi so snh gia s eNodeB ca quy hoch dung lng v quy hoch vng ph.
Tuy nhin, lun vn ch trnh by cch tnh s eNodeB theo quy hoch vng ph v
dung lng, a ra s eNodeB lp t theo quy hoch vng ph v quy hoch dung lng
nhng khng so snh a ra kt qu cui cng s eNodeB cn lp t cho cc qun
huyn ca thnh ph H Ni v cc thng s v d liu u vo u mang tnh cht l thc
nghim, gi nh, tham kho tnh ton.
Din tch thnh ph H Ni l 3329 km2 v vi dn s l 7,5 triu ngi theo s
liu thng k ca Tng cc thng k.
Bng 3.8 Din tch, dn s cc qun huyn thnh ph H Ni [22]
Din tch Dn s
STT Tn Th x/Qun/Huyn Mt
(km) (triu ngi)
1 Qun Ba nh 9,22 225.910 24.502
2 Qun Hon Kim 5,29 147.334 27.851
3 Qun Ty H 24 130.639 5.443
4 Qun Long Bin 60,38 271.913 4.500
5 Qun Cu Giy 12,04 260.643 21.648
6 Qun ng a 9,96 410.117 41.176
7 Qun Hai B Trng 9,6 370.726 38.617
8 Qun Hong Mai 41,04 380.509 9.271
9 Qun Thanh Xun 9,11 223.694 24.555
10 Qun H ng 47,91 260.136 4.866
11 Qun Bc T Lim 43,3534 320.414 7.391
12 Qun Nam T Lim 32,2736 232.894 7.216
48

13 Th x Sn Ty 113,47 125.749 1.108

Din tch Dn s
STT Tn Th x/Qun/Huyn Mt
(km) (triu ngi)
14 Huyn Ba V 428 246.120 575
15 Huyn Chng M 232,9 267.359 1.230
16 Huyn an Phng 76,8 142.480 1.855
17 Huyn ng Anh 182,3 333.337 1.829
18 Huyn Gia Lm 114 251.735 2.208
19 Huyn Hoi c 95.3 191.106 2.005
20 Huyn M Linh 141.26 191.490 1.356
21 Huyn M c 230 169.999 739
22 Huyn Ph Xuyn 171.1 181.388 1.060
23 Huyn Phc Th 113,2 159.484 1.409
24 Huyn Quc Oai 147 160.190 1.090
25 Huyn Sc Sn 306,74 282.536 921
26 Huyn Thch Tht 202,5 177.545 877
27 Huyn Thanh Oai 129,6 167.250 1.291
28 Huyn Thanh Tr 68.22 198.706 2.913
29 Huyn Thng Tn 127.7 219.248 1.717
30 Huyn ng Ha 183,72 182.008 991
Ton thnh ph tnh n
Tng cng 3328,9 7.500.000 1.981
(31/12/2015)
3.5 Kt lun chng 3

Chng 3 lun vn nghin cu phn tch v tm hiu v l thuyt xy dng
quy hoch mng 4G LTE. Qua ta thy quy hoch mng LTE cng ging nh quy
hoch mng 3G bao gm ba bc l khi to, quy hoch chi tit, vn hnh v ti u
ha mng.
Trong chng 3, tc gi cng nghin cu tm hiu v thc hin c cc cng
vic sau lm c s cho xy dng phn mm quy hoch mng 4G LTE
+ Lun vn xy dng c cc biu thc tnh ton qu ng truyn cho 4G
LTE lm c s cho quy hoch vng ph. Trong phn tnh ton qu ng truyn tc gi
a ra hai bng thng s [3] lm v d tnh qu ng truyn xc nh c suy hao
49

tn hiu cc i cho php gia trm di ng v trm gc.

+ Lun vn cng tm hiu v cc m hnh truyn sng Hata-Okumura v Walfish-
Ikegami, a ra cc biu thc v thng s s dng cho hai m hnh ny.
+ Da trn qu ng truyn v m hnh truyn sng ph hp trn cho ta tnh
c bn knh ph (cell) t ta tnh c din tch ph. Bit din tch ca ph s
cho ta tnh ton c s trm gc c s dng bao ph vng a l mong mun.
+ Ngoi ra, chng 3 lun vn cng nghin cu v l thuyt quy hoch dung lng,
a ra cc biu thc, thng s cn thit cho vic tnh ton xy dng bi ton m phng
quy hoch dung lng chng 4 tm ra s eNodeB cn lp t cho mt vng c th
khi c lng c s thu bao s dng dch v.
50

CHNG 4: KT QU M PHNG THC NGHIN XY DNG

QUY HOCH MNG 4G LTE
Chng 4 lun vn xy dng c phn mm tnh ton quy hoch mng 4G

LTE, a ra giao din, cc kt qu m phng quy hoch mng 4G LTE s dng bng
phn mm Matlab R2016a, phn mm cung cp mi trng tnh ton s v lp trnh.
C th chng 4 lun vn thc hin c cc cng vic sau:
+ Xy dng phn mm a ra giao din chnh ca quy hoch mng 4G LTE
+ Xy dng giao din phn mm tnh ton qu ng truyn 4G LTE da
vo hai bng thng s (bng 3.1, bng 3.2) v cc biu thc chng 3 xc nh
c suy hao tn hiu cc i cho php lm c s cho tnh ton quy hoch vng ph.
+ Xy dng giao din phn mm m phng cc m hnh truyn sng c th l
m hnh truyn sng Hata-Okumura v Walfish - Ikegami a ra s eNodeB cn lp
t cho vng ph.
+ Thc hin bi ton gi nh tnh ton s eNodeB cn lp t cho quy hoch
dung lng v xy dng phn mm m phng tnh ton quy hoch dung lng khi bit
s ngi ng thi s dng dch v a ra s eNodeB cn lp t theo quy hoch
dung lng.
4.1 Lu m phng quy hoch LTE v giao din chnh ca phn mm quy
hoch 4G LTE
Form chnh quy hoch
Quy hoch dung lng Quy hoch vng ph Ti u s trm
Qu ng truyn M hnh truyn sng
Hnh 4.1: Lu m phng quy hoch mng LTE

51

Hnh 4.2: Giao din chnh ca phn mm m phng 4G LTE

4.2 Kt qu m phng quy hoch vng ph
4.2.1 Kt qu m phng qu ng truyn ln v xung ca LTE
Kt qu m phng qu ng truyn ln
Qu ng truyn ln c tnh ton cho tc 64 kbps s dng s iu ch
v m ha knh QPSK 1/3, tng ng vi mi tc l s c mt s khi ti nguyn (RB)
c pht i, v tng ng vi n s c bng thng nht nh. Gi thit s dng phn tp
anten i vi tc 64 kbps ng ln n nh c 2 RB c pht i v tng ng
vi n l bng thng 360 KHz (0.36 MHz). Gi thit cng sut pht ca UE l 24
dBm( khng c tn hao c th v tn hao v tuyn), s eNodeB c h s tp NF = 2 dB
v t s tn hiu trn tp m cng sut nhiu SNRr nhn c t m phng -1dB, d tr
nhiu c gi thit l 2dB, tn hao phi + b ni trm gc 2dB, h s khuch i anten
thu coi bng 18dBi khi st cho site 3 on
52

Bng 4.1 Qu ng truyn ln cho tc s liu 64kbps vi s iu ch QPSK 1/3

My pht (u cui di ng)
Khuych i angten (dBi) 0,0 Gm
Suy hao c th ca MS ng 0,0 Lbody
ln (dB)
Cng sut pht x ng hng 24,0 EIPRm = PTxm + Gm + Lfm - Lbody
tng ng (dBm)
My thu (BS)
H s tp m my thu trm gc 2,0 NF
(dB)
my thu (dBm) (360KHz)
(dBm)
Tng tp m + giao thoa (dBm) -114,4 (N+I) (dBm) = N + Mi
Tn hao phi + b ni trm gc 2,0 Lfb
Khuch i MHA (dB) 2,0 GMHA
Tn hao ng truyn cc i 163,4 Lmax = EIRPm - Pmin + Gb + GMHA - Lfb
(dB)
53

Hnh 4.3 Giao din m phng kt qu qu ng truyn ln ca LTE

Kt qu m phng qu ng truyn xung
M phng qu ng xung LTE vi my thu trm gc 2 angten 1Mbps ng
xung vi s iu ch v m ha knh QPSK 1/3 v gi thit s dng phn tp anten
i vi tc ng xung 1Mbps n nh c 9 RB c pht i v tng ng vi n
l bng thng 9000 KHz (9 MHz). Gi thit cng sut pht ca eNodeB l 46 dBm, tn
hao phi + b ni trm gc 2dB, h s tp m my thu NF = 7dB, t s tn hiu trn tp
m cng sut nhiu SNRr nhn c t m phng -1dB, d tr nhiu c gi thit l 3
dB, h s khuch i anten my pht coi bng 18dBi khi st cho site 3 on
Bng 4.2: Qu ng truyn xung tc s liu 1Mbps vi s iu ch QPSK 1/3
My pht (trm gc)
Khuych i angten (dBi) 18,0 Gb
Tn hao phi + b ni (dB) 2,0 Lfb
Cng sut pht x ng hng 62,0 EIRPm = PTxm + Gb Lfb
tng ng (dBm)
My thu (u cui di ng)
H s tp m my thu (dB) 7,0 NF
my thu (dBm) (9KHz)
(dBm)
54


B sung nhiu knh iu khin 1,0 Mcch
Tng tp m + giao thoa (dBm) -93,5 (N+I) (dBm) = N + Mi + Mcch
Khuch i angten (dBi) 0,0 Gm
Suy hao c th (dB) 0,0 Lbody
Tn hao ng truyn cc i 165,4 Lmax = EIRPb - Pmin + Gm - Lfm - Lbody
(dB)
Hnh 4.4 Giao din m phng kt qu qu ng truyn xung ca LTE

4.2.2 Kt qu m phng m hnh truyn sng p dng cho cc m hnh khc nhau
T kt qu m phng qu ng truyn ln cho tc d liu 64kbps v 1Mbps
cho tc d liu ng xung ln lt suy hao tn hiu cc i l 163,4 v 165,4 dBm
vi s iu ch v m ha knh QPSK 1/3. Ta p dng m hnh Hata-Okumura, LTE
v gi thit tn s hot ng ca LTE nm trong dy tn s hot ng ca 3G l fc =1950
Mhz, cao ca anten l hb =30m, cao MS l hm = 1.5 m. i vi cc ni l trung
tm th chiu cao anten c th hn. p dng cc cng thc chng 3 ta tnh c cc
thng s cho m hnh suy hao Hata-Okumura nh sau:
55

Bng 4.3: Bng kt qu ca h s hiu chnh a(hm) v h s hiu chnh theo vng C
Kiu vng a(hm) (dB): h s hiu chnh cho C: h s hiu chnh theo
cao anten di ng vng
2
Thnh ph ln 3,2(lg11,75hm) 4,97
0
fc>=400MHz = 4,969 4,97 -0,001
Thnh ph nh v (1,1lgfc -0,7)hm - (1,56lgfc - 0,8)
0
trung bnh = 4,378 4,332 0,05
(1,1lgfc -0,7)hm - (1,56lgfc - 0,8) fc 2
Ngoi C= 2 lg +5,4=12,77
0,05 28

(1,1lgfc -0,7)hm - (1,56lgfc - 0,8) 4.78 lg - 18.33(lg fc )
Nng thn
0,05 + 40.49 = 32
Da vo cc cng thc chng 3

Ta tnh c: X = (44,9 - 6,55lghb) = (44,9-6,55lg30) = 44,9 9,67 = 35,22 ( X l yu t
ph thuc vo cao anten ) (3.29)
p dng cc cng thc: LP = L + X *lgR (3.26) v L = A + Blgfc - 13,82lghb -
a(h m) C (3.28) vi mi trng ang kho st (Lp = Lmax) Trong :
X = (44,9 - 6,55lghb) = (44,9-6,55lg30) = 44,9 9,67 = 35,22
L = 69,55+26,16lg1950 - 13,82lg30 a(hm) C
= 69,55 + 86,067 20,413 - a(hm) C
= 135,2 - a(hm) C
Vy, bn knh cc i ca vng ph sng (ca mt = cell) tnh ton cho qu
ng ln Lp = 163,4 c nh sau:
p dng cng thc : Rcell = 10(Lp - L)/X (3.27)
Vng thnh ph ln C = 0, a(hm) = - 0,001

, , , ,
Rcell = 10 ,
, , , , ,
Rcell =10 , = 10 , = 6,33 km
Vng thnh ph nh v trung bnh C = 0, a(hm) = 0,05
, , , , ,
Rcell =10 , = 10 , = 6,33 km
Vng ngoi C= 12,77, a(hm) = 0,05
, , , , , ,
Rcell =10 = 10
, , = 14,4 km
Vng nng thn C= 32,9, a(hm) = 0,05
, , , , ,
Rcell=10 , =10 , =51 km
56

Sau khi tnh c kch thc cell, ta tnh c din tch vng ph sng ca cc
site theo cng thc:
2
Ssite = K. R (3.32)
Trong : S l din tch vng ph sng ca site, R l bn knh cc i cell, K l hng
s. Theo bng 3.5 cc gi tr K s dng cho tnh ton vng ph sng:
Cu hnh trm Ommi (v hng) 2-sector 3-sector 6-sector
K 2,6 1,3 1,95 2,6
S trm cn trin khai cho vng quy hoch (Splan) nh sau:

Nsite = (3.33)
Gi s tnh s site ( eNodeB) cho vng quy hoch l thnh ph H Ni c din tch
a l l Splan = 3229 km2 th s site cn lp t l
Nsite = = 42 (eNodeB)
, , ,
Nhp cc thng s ca hai m hnh vo phn mm vi tn s fc = 1950 Mhz, vi h s
K=1.95 cho site 3 on , suy hao tn hiu ng ln 163.4 v 165.4 cho hng xung.
Vi din tch thnh ph h ni l 3229 km2 ta tnh c s trm cn lp t cho thnh
ph l 42 trm
Hnh 4.5 M hnh truyn sng Hata Okumura & Walfish-Ikegami

57

4.3 M phng quy hoch dung lng

Xt bi ton gi nh thit k quy hoch dung lng cho qun Ba nh thnh ph
H Ni, y l vng trung tm vi mt thu bao ln, yu cu dch v cao, ta s dng
kiu m ha iu ch 64QMA do khong cch n thu bao ngn, mc yu cu ca u
cui cao, h thng MIMO p dng c cu hnh 2x2, bng thng s dng l 20M. Tnh
ton s thu bao da vo dung lng c sn, gi s vi dung lng cho trc l
50Mbps, tc s liu gi cao im Abh-user = 50kbps, c 3 on trn 1 site, ti trung
bnh gi cao im l 50%, h s ng k vt qu l 20,gi s ch tiu cung cp 3Mbp
trn mt thu bao. p dng cng thc:
.
Nsub = Nsector . (3.42)

Ta bit:
+ Bng thng 20M
+ Dung lng l 50Mbps
+ Tc s liu gi cao im Abh-user = 50 Kbps
+ Tc s liu yu cu Rsub = 3Mbps
+ Ti trung bnh Lbh= 0,5
+ H s ng k vt qu Ofactor = 20
+ 03 on trn 1 site l Nsector = 3
Ta tnh c:
+ S thu bao dng ng thi vi tc 3Mbps: Ccap/ Rsub = 50/3 = 16 (thu bao)
+ S thu bao dng ng thi ti gi cao im:
. ,
Nsub = 3 . = 500 (thu bao)

Gi s qun Ba nh c s thu bao cn phc v l 5000 thu bao, vy ta c s site

cn lp t l :
p dng cng thc :
Nsite = (3.43)
Nsite = = 10 (site)
Trong phn ny, lun vn cng thit lp giao din ca phn mm cho php tnh
ton quy hoch dung lng vi cc thng s u vo theo bng s liu di y v p dng
cc cng thc chng 3 tnh ton s eNodeB cn lp t, c th:
58

Bng 4.4: Bng thng s v tnh ton s site theo quy hoch lu lng theo phn mm
Stt K hiu Gi tr Cng thc Ghi ch
1 BW 20 BW Bng thng
s sng mang con
2 Nsc 12 Nsc trong mt khi ti
nguyn (RB),
s k t OFDM
3 Ns 14 Ns
trn mt subframe
Tng ng bng
4 Nrb 100 l s khi ti nguyn (RB)
thng 20MHz
Tframe Tcp Nsc * Ns / 2 4
F *
Tsub Nsc * Ns / 2
5 H s sa li F 8.8 H s sa li
. . /
F= x
. /
Thi gian ca 1
frame (10s)
6 Tframe 10s
1frame = 10
subframe(1s)
779,4 s Tng thi gian
7 TCP
2.33 ms TCP
T s gia tc
8 PAR 1.1 nh v tc
trung bnh
Nh hn 85%
H s utilisation bo m cht
9 0.6
lng dch v
(QoS)
S user trung bnh
c th chia s trn
OBF = PAR*H s mt n v knh
10 H s OBF 0.66
utilisation truyn.
OBF = PAR*H s
utilisation
S user ng thi :
Overalldatarate = S user
Tc d liu 500, Tc bit
11 42768 x Tc bit nh x H s
Overalldatarate nh:
OBF
C1=129.6Mbps
1140.48 C = F*BWlog2(1+SNR) C: Cell throung put
12 Cell through put Mbps C1 =BW1*log2(1+SNR) log2(1+SNR)= 6.48
C1 =129.6Mbps vi BW =20MHz
3421.44
Site capaccity = n.C
13 Site capaccity Mbps Site 3 on : n =3
eNodeB = Over all data

14 S eNodeB 11 S site (eNodeB)
rate/ Site capaccity
59

Hnh 4.6: Giao din m phng tnh ton s eNodeB theo dung lng
Phn mm tnh ton c tc bit nh l 129.6 tng ng vi tc bt nh a
ra ti bng 3.7 v s trm cn lp t cho s user s dng ng thi 500 l 11 trm
4.4 Kt lun chng 4
Trong chng 4 lun vn xy dng c phn mm m phng thc nghim
thc hin cc cng vic:
+ Tnh ton qu ng truyn 4G LTE v xc nh c suy hao tn hiu cc i
ca ng ln v ng xung ca LTE. T kt qu ta xc nh c bn knh cell
ca ph khi kt hp vi cc m hnh truyn sng Hata-okumura, Walfish-Ikegaml.
Bit c bn knh ph ta tnh c din tch ph v kt vi din tch a l ca
vng ph ta tnh c s trm cn lp t cho vng ph.
+ Xy dng phn mm tnh ton c tc bit nh tng ng vi tng tc m
ha v bng thng khc nhau lm c s xc nh tc d liu (Overalldatarate), xc
nh c thng lng ph (Cell through put) theo cng thc dung lng knh
Shannon v t xc nh c tng dung lng site. Cui cng ta xc nh c s
eNodeB cn lp t theo quy hoch dung lng l eNodeB = Over all data rate/ Site
capaccity. Tuy nhin, trong phn m phng dung lng ny tc gi cng thc hin bi
ton gi nh xc nh s user ng thi s dng dch v lm cn c tnh c
tc d liu v a vo phn mm xc nh s eNodeB cn lp t cho quy hoch
dung lng.
60

KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN
Lun vn nghin cu v cng ngh 4G LTE, mt ng c vin cho mng 4G

trong tng lai khng xa. Hin ti vn cha c quyt nh chnh thc cng ngh LTE
hay WiMAX s l cng ngh s dng cho thng tin di ng 4G. Nhng vi cc u im
ca cng ngh LTE l cung cp cho ngi s dng tc d liu v cht lng dch v
cao so vi 3G nh p dng cc cng ngh v tuyn mi vi cc k thut tin tin nh
s dng k thut OFDMA cho hng xung, SC-FDMA cho hng ln, k thut a
anten MIMO v thit k n gin ha kin trc mng nn cng ngh LTE c tim nng
rt ln ng dng cho pht trin h thng thng tin di ng 4G.
Tc gi chn lun vn ny nhm nng cao s hiu bit v cng ngh 4G LTE,
y cng l ti mi ph hp vi thc t nghin cu Vit Nam. Ni dung lun vn
nghin cu c gm hai phn:
V phn l thuyt: Chng 1 v chng 2 lun vn trnh by c tng quan
cng ngh 4G LTE, cu trc mng 4G LTE v cc vn lin quan n cng ngh ny.
Chng 3 lun vn nghin cu a ra cc biu thc thng s xy dng phn mm
quy hoch mng 4G LTE.
V phn m phng thc nghim: chng 4 lun vn xy dng c cc
giao din phn mm da trn ngn ng lp trnh Matlab (Matlab R2016a) thc hin
cc cng vic:
+ Tnh ton qu ng truyn LTE suy ra tn hiu suy hao cc i gia trm gc
v trm di ng ca 4G LTE lm c s cho quy hoch vng ph.
+ Tnh ton c bn knh ph vi cc m hnh truyn sng ph hp, din tch
ca ph v kt hp vi din tch a l ca vng ph tnh ra s trm cn lp t
cho vng ph
+ Tc gi xy dng bi ton gi nh, xy dng phn mm tnh c tc bt
nh v xc nh c s trm eNodeB theo quy hoch dung lng
Hn ch ca lun vn khi thc hin:
+ Hin ti, Vit Nam cha tin hnh xy dng quy hoch v a vo s dng
mng 4G, do cc thng s a ra tnh ton quy hoch khng c s liu thc t ca
cc nh mng, cc thng s a ra trong phn m phng ch da vo sch [3], thng s
tham kho, gi nh lm c s tnh ton v xy dng phn mm.
+ Cha c bn truyn sng thc t, do vy phn ti u mng cha c nghin
cu v cp n trong lun vn.
Hng pht trin ca lun vn: Tip tc nghin cu hon thin cc cng c phn
mm v kim tra tnh xc thc, tnh tin cy, ng n ca phn mm khi dch v 4G LTE
c trin khai thc t c s liu thc t ca cc nh mng vin thng a vo phn mm,
xy dng phn mm ti u mng cho 4G LTE.
61

TI LIU THAM KHO
Ti liu ting Vit

[1] TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Gio trnh L trnh pht trin thng tin di ng
3G ln 4G, tp 1, NXB thng tin v truyn thng, Nm xut bn 2008
[4] Bo co kt qu thc hin ti Nghin cu thit k trin khai mng thng tin
di ng 4G LTE v phng n xy dng cc h thng quy hoch , qun l mng v cung
cp dch v 4G LTE Vit Nam, M s KC.01.17/11-15, ch nhim ti: TS. Nguyn
Th Phng Loan, Cng ty dch v vin thng, 6/2014
Ti liu ting Anh
[5] Basanta Shrestha- LTE Radio Network Performance Analysis- Master of
Science Thesis of Tampere University of Technology
[6] Comparison of Okumura, Hata and COST-231 Models on the Basis of Path
Loss and Signal Strength , International Journal of Computer Applications (0975
8887)Volume 59 No.11, December 2012
[7] Dahlman, Parkvall, Skold and Beming, 3G Evolution: HSPA and LTE for
Mobile Broadband, Academic Press, Oxford, UK, 2007.
[8] Dimensioning of LTE Network Description of Models and Tool, Coverage
and Capacity Estimation of 3GPP Long Term Evolution radio interface, Abdul Basit,
Syed, February 2009.
[9] Erick Dahlman and others, 3G Evolution: HSPA and LTE for Mobile
Broadband, Academic Press, second edition 2008.
[10] Erik Dahlman (2008), Stefan Parkvall, Johan Skold and Per Beming, 3G
Evolution HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband, Academic Press.
[11] Farooq Khan (2009), Telecom R&D Center, Samsung Telecommunications, America
LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband: Air Interface Technologies and Performance, Cambridge
University Press.
[12] Harri Toma and Antti Toskala, LTE for UMTS OFDM and SC- FDMA Based
Radio Access,2009
[13] M. A. Masud, M. Samsuzzaman & M. A. Rahman, Bit Error Rate erformance
Analysis on Modulation Techniques of Wideband Code Division Multiple Access,
Journal Of Telecommunication, Volume 1, Issue 2, PP. 22-29, March 2010
[14] Mustafa Ergen (2009), Mobile Broadband Including Wimax and LTE, USA.
[15] Sergey E. Lyshevski, Engineering and Scientific Computations Using
MATLAB
62

[16] Stefania Sesia and others, LTE the UMTS Long term Evolution, From Theory
to Practice, 2009
[17] Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik and Matthew Baker (2009), LTE The UMTS
Long Term Evolution: From Theory to Practice, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[18].3GPP TR 25813, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) and
Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN); Radio Interface Protocol
Aspects (Release 7),3/2006
[19].3GPP TR 36.201, Long Term Evolution LTE Physical layer General
Description (Release 8), 9/2007
Websites
[20] http://www.3GPP.org
[21] http://www.lx.it.pt/cost231/
[22] http:// https://gso.gov.vn

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I HC QUC GIA H NI

TRNG I HC CNG NGH

XY DNG QUY HOCH MNG 4G LTE

LUN VN THC S CNG NGH THNG TIN

XY DNG QUY HOCH MNG 4G LTE

Ngnh: Cng ngh thng tin

LUN VN THC S CNG NGH THNG TIN

NGI HNG DN KHOA HC: TS. Dng L Minh

Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti Thy gio TS. Dng L Minh, Thy

2.5 Li ti nguyn LTE ...........................................................................................25

DANH MC CC K HIU V CH VIT TT

Thut ng Ting Anh Ting Vit

Thut ng Ting Anh Ting Vit

Thut ng Ting Anh Ting Vit

Thut ng Ting Anh Ting Vit

Thut ng Ting Anh Ting Vit

CHNG 1: GII THIU TNG QUAN CNG NGH LTE

Con ng pht trin cng ngh mng di ng 4G (Fourth Generation), ang c ba

liu cao ln ti 100Mbps vi rng bng tn 20MHz. Cc thng s k thut ca WiMAX

1.3.2 Cc giai on pht trin ca LTE

+ Thi gian tr trong vic truyn ti gia E-UTRAN v UTRAN/GERAN s

Bng 1.2 Tc nh ca LTE theo lp [3]

Bng 1.3 : So snh cc dch v ca 3G so vi 4G LTE [1,2,3,7,9]

V cng ngh, LTE v WiMAX c mt s khc bit nhng cng c nhiu im

CHNG 2: CU TRC CA MNG LTE V CC VN LIN

2.1 Cu trc ca mng LTE

Hnh 2.1 Cu trc c bn ca LTE [4]

2.1.3 Min dch v ( Services domain)

Hnh 2.2 K thut OFDM [4]

Hnh 2.3 K thut OFDMA v SC FDMA [4]

b thu) c xem l cu hnh c bn, v MIMO 4x4 cng c cp v a vo bng

Hnh 2.4 M hnh SU-MIMO v MU-MIMO [4]

Hnh 2.5 Cu trc khung d liu LTE [4]

2.5 Li ti nguyn LTE

Hnh 2.6 Li ti nguyn LTE [4]

2.6 Chuyn giao i vi LTE

Hnh 2.7 Cc loi chuyn giao

2.7 Kt lun chng 2

CHNG 3: XY DNG QUY HOCH MNG 4G LTE

Phng n nghin cu ca chng 3 l kt hp nghin cu l thuyt v quy hoch

Mc ch ca nh c mng truy nhp LTE l c tnh c mt site yu cu v

3.2.1.4 D phng tng lai

Tnh suy hao truyn sng cho

Hnh 3.2: M t qu trnh tnh ton bn knh vng ph R

3.3 Quy hoch chi tit

thit lp cc cng thc:

+ Tn hao phi v b ni (Lfb): tn hao pha trm gc, c n v l dB.

+ Khuch i anten trm gc (Gm) ph thuc vo thit b v bng tn s dng, c

Bng 3.3 So snh qu ng truyn ln ca LTE vi cc h thng GSM, HSPA [2, 3]

Bng 3.4 So snh qu ng truyn xung ca LTE vi cc h thng GSM, HSPA[2, 3]

3.3.3.1 M hnh Hata-Okumura

Hnh 3.3 Cc tham s ca m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami [3,8]

-10+ 0.3546,0 350

Trong : b: khong cch gia ta nh dc theo ng truyn v tuyn (m)

-18.lg (1+hb), hb > hr

kf = -4 + 0,7 1 vi thnh ph trung bnh

V vy, Lp s c tnh theo hai cng thc sau:

Rcell = 10(Lp - L)/X (km) (3.27)

Trong site capacity l bi s ca thng lng cell (cell throughput), n ty thuc vo

Tc (number of bits in a sub-frame) = 100RBs x 12 sub-carriers x 2 slots x 7

i vi mi loi iu ch khc nhau s mang s bit trn k t khc nhau. QPSK

C1 = BW1 log2(1+SNR) (Mbps) (3.36) [1]

Bconfig (RB) 6 /15 / 25 / 50 / 75 /100