NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA wed A RSE Sti Code for Design of Masonry Structures WW) ts 5 Ha ob GB 50003— 2001 GH XM) Chief Editorial Depariment: Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China Approval Department: Minislzy of Consimuction of the People’s Republic of China Executive Date: March 1,2002 China Architecture & Building Press FR RRs hk we Beijing 2002EB TERRE | CHP) TORERPIRLH ALI CB 50003—2001 SECA)" ELLE ‘REAR He Whe SRA I A HP LR 2 AT LAS BRAG a: AT HEEL 2005 ISBN 7-112-07280-8 Ti... TP... 1. skeet tA WBE WV TU36-65 BURSA EAL-HSATE CaP SSS (2005)98 020337 NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Of CHINA fl A RSL TINT Code for Design of Masonry Structures 1) Tis 5 Be GB 50003—2001 (SEH) oP SER aed ASR AR BRAT wee pe ww Ace RE PRS See, 187 x ORE 16 EES 1S Ts a8 2005 4851 —LR 2005 AF 5 HERE FR 1 —300 HF SE 800.00 7% (13234) TATA ED ATED BEALE, PTAA i475 100037) BALE shup://www.china-abp. com. en FE A08 s http: // ww. china-building. com.cn ANT TH)NOTy CE The cone 8 Witten 2 Chinese ond Rogtisy, The Chines TeX shajy We even Ff any ‘Meorssteney Detieen thy Chinese tay, ad th be taken 88 the maj ° RLish tayNotice of Promulgation for the National Standard “Code for Design of Masonry Structures” Document JB{2002]No.9 According to the requirements of Notice of Printing and Distributing for the 1998 Preparation and Revision Plan of Engineering Construction Standards, Document JB[ 1998] No. 94 the Ministry of Construction” , this Code for Design of Masonry Structures has been revised by the Ministry of Con- struction of P.R.C together with the relevant departments, after extensive consultation by relevant. de- partments. Hence the new code has been approved as a national standard with a serial number of CBS0003—2001,, which shall come into force upon March 1,202. Herein, Clauses 3.1.1,3.2. 1, 3.2.2 15.1.1,5.2.4,5.2.5,6.1.1,6.2.1,6.2.2,6.2.8,6.2,10,6.2.11,7.1.2,7.1.3, 7.3.2,7.3.12,7.4.1,7.4.6,8.2.8,9,2.2,9.4,3, 10. 1,8, 10.4. 11, 10.4. 12, 10.4. 14, 10.4,19,10.5.5 and 10.5.6 ore mandatory clauses, which must be enforced strictly. At the same time, the former Cade For Design of Masonry Structures GBJ 3 — 88 is superseded by the new code at December 31,2002. ‘The Ministry of Construction is in charge of management. and explanation of the mandatory clauses in the code, the China Northeast Architectural Design & Research Institute is responsible for the expla- nation of specific technical items. Whereas the printing and issuance of this Code falls into the respon- sibility of China Architecture & Building Press under the organization of the Reseorch Institute of Stan- dards and Nomms of the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China. Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China January 10,2002Preface ‘This Code is published, through a complete revision of the'*Code for Design of Masonry Sutures” GBI 3~88, by the China Northeast Architectural Design & Research Institue in conjunction with the relevant design, research and teaching institutions on the basis of the requirements in the“ Notice of Printing and Distributing for the 1998 Preparation and Revision Plan of Engineering Construction Stan- dards, Document JB[1998No.94 the Ministry of Construction", put forward by the Ministey of Con- struction of PRC. In the period of revision of this Code, the eode revision group launched various studies on specific lopies, carried out extensive investigative analysis as well as summarized scientific achievements and engineering experience relating to the structures of the new masonry materials of the recent years with the consideration of China’ s economic condition and engineering practive and collected comments from the conceming institutions nationwide, discussed, revised, replenished and trial-designed for several limes before reviewed and finalized under the organization from the department of standards and norms of Ministry of Construction. ‘There are ten articles and five appendices for this revision.'The main revised contents are listed below: 1. Masonry materials: the computation indexes for new masonry materials of the recent years are introduced, €. g. autoclaved sand-lime bricks, autoclaved flyash-lime bricks, light aggregate concrete blocks and concrete small hollow blocks with grouts 2. Composite expression composed mainly of gravity load effect is replenished and the reliable de- gree of the masonry structure is appropriately adjusted on the basis of the “Unified Standard for Relia- bility Design of Building Structures” GB 50068; 3. Quality control level of masonry construction relating to the reliable degree of masonry structure is introduced on the basis of the intemational standard, “Code for Design of Reinforced Masonry Struc- ture” ISO 9652—3 and the national standard, "Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Masonry Engineering” GB 50203; 4. Value determination of eccentric distance is adjusted for compressive members of unreinforced masonry and computation method is added for bi-directional eccentric compression of unreinforced ma- sonry units 5. Computation method is replenished for partial compression on rigid bearing block and analysis method is replenished for restrained bending moment of beam with its span>9m and located al abut- ments 6. Computation method is revised for sheared member of masonry along horizontal bed joiniss 7. Minimum strength grade of masonry material is improved on the basis of the principle of proper increment of the reliable degree and durability of masonry structures 8. Structural measures for cavity walls filled with insulation is added on the basis of the require iment of energy saving for construction;9. Anti-cracking measures are more strengthened for buildings constructed of tasonry structure, especially for crucking-prevention and anti-cracking structural measures for masonry structures con- structed of new wall materials on the basis of the requirement of housing commercializations 10. Design method is replenished for consecutive wall beam and framework-supported wall beams 11. Design method is replenished for composite walls constructed of brick masonry and concrete structural columns; 12. Design method is added for shear wall structure of reinforced block masonry 13. Barthquake-resistance design for masonry structural member is added according to require- ments 14. Contents related to middle-size masonry units, cavity wall and cylindrical arch etc addressed in the original code are deleted. Probably, this Code will be required for partial revision, to which the related information and Clause contents will be published in the maguzine ttled"Standardization of Engineering Construction” . ‘The contents in boldface in this Code are mandatory and must be strictly implemented. In order to improve the quality far this Code, those who use the Cade are kindly requested to pay attention to summarizing their experience of the use of this Code, collecting information and mail rele- ‘vant suggestions and comments in a timely manner to the Design Institute of China North-east Construc- tion for reference in future revision, The address of the Design Institute is 65, Guangrong Jie (Glory Street) , Shenyang City, Liaoning, China, Post Code: 110003. E-mail: yuanz{@ mail sy In.en. Chief Editoral Unit; China Northeast Architechtural Design & Research Institute Participating Units: Hunan University Harbin Construction University Zhejiang University ‘Tongji, University Design Institute of Ministry of Mechanical Industry Xian Scientific and Technological University of Construction Chongging Institute of Construction Science ‘Zhengzhou Industrial University Chongqing Construction University Beijing Municipal Design Institute of Construction Institute of Constuction Science of Sichuan Province Development Center of Construction Technology of Yunnan Province Changsha Communication College Guangzhou Municipal Scientific Research Institute of Civil Construction Shenyang Construction Engineering College China Southwest Architectural Design & Research Instite Scientific Research Institute of Construction of Shaanxi Province Hefei Industrial UniversityYichen Engineering Design Co. Ltd. ,Shenzhen Zhongsheng Construction Survey and Design Co. Ltd. , Changsha Ec. Chief Drafting Staffs: Yuan Zhenfang Shi Chuxian Tang Yon Sasi Gong Shaosi Xu Jian Hu Wang Qinglin Zhou Bingzhang Lin Wenxiu Liu Luo Wankang Liang Xingwen Hou — Riaxin Lin He Fiangang Wu Mingshun Zhang Ying Xie Liang Jianguo fin Weiliang ‘Yang Weijun li Xiang Wang Fenglai Liu Ming Jiang Honghin He Zhenwen Lei Bo Wo Camda Xiao Yaming Zhang — Baoyin Li Wang Li JianhuiTable of Contents 1 General Principles 2 Terms and Symbols ~ 2.1 Terms ++ 2.2. Symbols 3° Materials 3.1 Grade of Strength of Materials 3.2 Calculation Index for Masonry Unit 4 Fundamental Design Stipulations « 4.1 Design Principle 4.2. Stipulations for Static Calculation of Building Structures 5 Unreinforeed Masonry Units 5.1 Compressive Member 5.2 Local Compression Member 5.3. Axial ‘Tensile Member 5.4 Flexural Member 5.5. Shear Member -++ 6 Requirements for Structures 6.1 Allowable Ratio of Height to Section Thickness of Wall or Column 6.2 General Structural Requirements - 6.3 Main Measures to Prevent or Mitigate Walls from Cracking 7 Ring Beam, Lintels, Wall Beams and Cantilever Beams ~~ 7.1 Ring Beam 7.2 Lintels > 7.3 Wall Beams. --- 7.4 Cantilever Beams 8 Reinforced Brick Masonry Members 8.1 Steel Mesh Reinforced Brick Masonry Members 8.2 Composite Brick Masonry Members 9 Reinforced Block Masonry Members 9.1 General Rules 9.2 Calculation of Normal Section Compressive Load-bearing Capacity 9.3. Calculation of Inclined Section Sheared Load-bearing Capac 9.4 Stipulations for Structures Requirements of Reinforced Conerele Masonry of Structural (Shear) Wall +--~ 10 Earthquake-resistant Design of Masonry Structural Members 10.1 General Stipulations SSRsRRP10.2. Unreinforced Masonry Members - 10.3 Reinforced Brick Masonry Members 10.4 Shearing Walls of Reinforced Block Masonry 10.5. Wall Beams Appendix A Specifications and Dimensions of Stone Materials and the Method for Defining Strength Gmdes of Stone Materials ~ Appendix B Calculating Formulas of Mean Strength Value for Various Kinds of Masonry and Characteristic Values of the Strength Appendix C The Static Calculation of Rigid-elastic Analysis Scheme Appendix D ‘The Influence Coefficients and p, * Explanation of Wording in This Code National Standard “Code for Design of Masonry Structures” GB 50003—2001 Partial Revised Clauses (Mandatory Clauses)1 General Principles 1.0.1 This Code is published specially for the purpose of implementing national technical and eco- nomic policies in the design of masonry structures. Designers in this field are required to adhere to the principles of adjusting their measures to local conditions and using local materials to select rational structural schemes and building materials and make the masomry technology be advanced with rational economy, safe and serviceable as well as full assurance of quality. 1.0.2 This Code, with the exception of those that shall be conducted as per dedicated stipulations if they are under special conditions or have special requirements, is applicable to the structural design of the following kinds of masonry units in the construction engineering: 1 Brick masonry units, including unreinforced or reinforced masonry unils constructed of fired common bricks, fired perforated bricks, autoclaved sand-lime bricks and autoclaved Syash-lime bricks. 2 Block masonry units, including concrete, light aggregate concrete blocks, which are unrein- forced or reinforced. 3° Stone masonry, including all kinds of rubble ashlars and random rubbles. 1.0.3 This Code is formulated in accordance with the principles specified in the current national standard, “Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Building Structures” GB 50068, with the design terms and symbols there being adopted as per the stipulations set forth in the current national standard “Standard for Terminology and Symbols Used in Design of Building Structure” GB/T 50083. 1.0.4 When making design according to the present Code, the load shall be implemented as per the rules in the current national standard ,“Load Code for the Design of Building Structures” GB 50009 the quality of material and construction shall conform to the requirements in the current national norms, “Code for Design of Concrete Structures” GB 50010, “Code for Acceptance of Constuction Quality of ‘Masonry Engineering” GB 50203 and “Code for Acceptance of Constructional Quality of Concrete Struc- tures”CB 50204, while the design of Suture earthquake resistance shall also conform to the rules in the current national norm, “Code for Seismic Design of Buildings” GB 50011. 1.0.3 Design of masonry structures shall be in accordance with the requirements in this Code and shall also conform to the present rules in the relevant national standards and codes.2 Terms and Symbols 2.1 Terms 2.1.1 Masomy structure Masonry Structure means a structure in which the building’ s main load-bearing capacity comes from the wall and the column built with units and mortar, and is a general designation for structures of brick masonry structure, block masonry structure and stone masonry structure. 2.1.2 Reinforced masonry structure Reinforced Masonry Structure means a structure in which the building’ s main load-bearing capacity comes from reinforced masomy member and is a general designation for structures of mesh-reinforced masonry columns, of horizontally reinforced masonry walls, of hybrid masonry columns or walls constructed of brick masonry with reinforced concrete topping or of reinforced mortar topping, of composite walls of brick masonry with reinforced concrete structural columns, and of reinforced concrete masonry shear wall. 2.1.3 Reinforced concrete masonry shear wall structure Reinforced Concrete Masonry Shear Wall Structure means a building structure composed of the reinforced concrete masonry shear wall which can support vertical and horizontal actions, conerete floor and rot. 2.1.4 Fired common brick Fired Common Brick means a bumt solid brick or perforated brick with hole rate not greater than the specified value and its shape and dimension being in conformance to the specified size which is made of clay,shale, gangue or fly-ash as its main raw materials, and is classified into fired clay brick, fired shale brick, fired gangue brick and fired fly-ash brick ete. 2.1.5 Fired perforated brick Fired Perforated Brick means a fired brick with hole rate not less than 25% and with more holes of small size, made of clay. shale, gangue or fly-ash as iis main raw materials, mainly acting to support the weight part, and is also designated as perforated brick for short. Currently, the perforated brick is classified into Model P and Model M. 2.1.6 Autoclaved sand-lime brick Autoclaved Sand-lime Brick means a brick made of lime and sand as its main raw materials pressed into shape from the prepared blank, autoclaved and cured, and is designated as sand-lime brick for short. 2.1.7 Antoclaved Myash-lime brick Autoclaved Flyash-lime Brick means a solid brick made of fly-ash and lime as its main raw materials mixed with an amount of gypsum and aggregate, pressed into shape from the prepared blank, autoclaved under high pressure and cured, and is designated as fly-ash brick for short. 22.1.8 Concrete small hollow block Concrete Small Hollow Block means a hollow block made of common concrete or light aggregate concrete, sized 390mm x 190mm x 190mm, with a hollow rate between 25% and 50%, and is designated as eonerete blocks or blocks for short. 2.1.9 Mortar for concrete small hollow block Mortar for Concrete Small Hollow Block means a mortar for laying made of cement, sand, water and other components such as mixture and additives with an amount of percentage as necessary, blended in mixer for dedicated use in laying concrete blocks, and_is designated as dedicated building block mortar for short. 2.1.10 Grout for concrete small hollow block Grout for Concrete Small Hollow Block means grout made of cement, aggregate, water and other components such as mixture and additives with an amount of percentage as necessary, blended in mixer for grouting core columns laid with conerete block masonry or other part where holes need be filled, and is designated as grout for small hollow block for short. 2.1.11 Pilastered wall Pilastered Wall means a strengthened wall body made at a regular spaeing along, its length by lay- ing # partial of such wall wider to form a wall with buttress. 2.1.12 Rigid transverse wall Rigid Transverse Wall means a transverse wall, of which the stiffness and the load-bearing capacity conform to the requirements specified in masonry structures, and is also designated as trans- verse stable structure. 2.1.13 Cavity wall filled with insulation Cavity Wall Filled with Insulation means a wall body formed by filling insulating material inside the continuous cavity preserved in the wall body and by connecting the inside face and the outside one of a wall with antirust metal bracing member. 2.1.14 Structural concrete column Structural Conerete Column means a concrete column constructed by reinforcing it based on con- struction requirement and a construction sequence of laying wall first, then placing concrete column on the specified position on the building wall of multi-storey masomy. It is generally designated as structural concrete column,and is also ealled as structural column for short. 2.1.15 Ring beam Ring Beam means a conerete beam member with a closing form placed along the horizontal direction of the masonry wall and reinforced as per the structure on the comice, the top of a window and the floor of a building, on the top of a beam constructed for erane or at the elevation of the top surface of a foundation. 2.1.16 Wall beam Wall Beam means a composite member composed of reinforced concrete joist and the masonry wall within the calculated height thereon, including simply supported wall beam, continuous wall beam and framework-supporting wall beam.2.1.17 Cantilever beam Cantilever Beam means a cantilever reinforced conerete beam embedded in masonry, usually ‘means the balcony cantilever beam, awning cantilever beam or out-corridor cantilever beam. 2.1.18 Design working life Design Working Life means the duration specified by design, during whi only normal mainte- nance to the structure or to its member can assure its use as scheduled objective and no overhauling or strengthening is needed. 2.1.19 Static analysis scheme of building Static Analysis Scheme of Building means a structural static analysis sketch determined on the ba- sis of the work performance of the space of a building. The statie calculation scheme of a building in- cludes Rigid Analysis Scheme , Rigid-elastic Analysis Scheme and Elastic Analysis Scheme. 2.1.20 Rigid analysis scheme Rigid Analysis Scheme means a scheme of conducting static calculation on the wall and column based on the floor and raof, which are, used as horizontal and fixed articulated abutment. 2.1.21 Rigid-elastie analysis seheme Rigid-elastic Analysis Scheme means a scheme of conducting static calculation on the wall and column based on floor and roof articulated with wall and column and considering the spatial working of bent and frame. 2.1.22 Elastic analysis scheme Elastic Analysis Scheme means a scheme of conducting static calculation on the wall and column based on floor and roof articulated with wall and columa and no consideration of the spatial working of bent and frame. 2.1.23. Upper flexible and lower rigid complex multi-storey building Upper Flexible and Lover Rigid Complex Multi-storey Building means a complex multi-storey building, of which the upper storey does not meet the requirements specified in the rigid scheme but the lower stories do in the structure calculation analysis. 2.1.24 Types of roof or floor structure ‘Types of Roof or Floor Structure means types which are identified for roof and floor on the basis of their structure and construction and its comesponding siffness. According to common structure, roof and floor can be classified into three types, while the horizontal stiffness in every type of roof and floor is deemed approximatively the same. 2.1.25 Ratio of height to sectional thickness of wall or column Ratio of Height to Sectional Thickness of Wall or Column means the ratio of the calculated height cof masoncy wall and column to its specified thickness. The specified thickness means the thickness of the wall for a wall, while for column, means the length of the corresponding side of the column, and for pilastered wall, means the converted thickness of the section. 2.1.26 Effective support length of beam end Effective Support Length of Beam End means the distribution length of the compressive stress around a beam end along the direetion of a beam span on the interface of a masonry member or a rigid mat. 42.1.27 Calculating overturning point Caleulating Qvertuming Point means a revolution center taken as per stipulations when checking the computations of a cantilever beam against overtuming. 2.1.28 Expansion and contraction joint Expansion and Contraction Joint means a vertical joint that can expand and contract each other freely by which building is split into two or a number of independent units.In general, there are double wall expansion and contraction joint, double column expansion and contraction joint, ete. 2.1.29 Control joint Control Joint means a structural joint that is placed where its stress is comparatively concentrated or vertical mortar joints are consistent slong a wall inside a position of a wall, allows the wall to deform freely and has sufficient resisting capacity to the outside force. 2.1.30 Category of construction quality control Category of Construction Quality Control means category of construction quality control of mason- ty unit that is classified on the basis of the integrated level of the quality assurance system, the strength of mortar and concrete and the skill grade of the building workers in a construction site. 2.2 Symbols 2.2.1 Performance of material MU—strength grade of masonry units M—strengih grade of mortars Mb—strength grade of mortar for conerete masonry block; C——sirength grade of concrete; Ch—strength grade of grout for concrete small hollow blocks fi ‘grade value or mean value of the compressive strength of masonry unit; ——mean value of the compressive strength of mortars ‘Sofie —sesign value and characteristic value of the compressive strength of « masonry units fg —design value of the compressive strength of grout for conerete small hollow block of single-rowed holes and laid in non-staggered holes (designated as design value of the compressive strength of grout for hollow block for short) ; fag7—design value of the shear strength of grout for concrete small hollow block of single- rowed holes and laid in non-staggered holes (designated as design value of the shear strength of grout for hallow block for short) fishig—design value and characteristic value of the axial tensile strength of a masonry units Sonfen.k——Aesign value and characteristic value of the axial tensile strength of the bending of a masonry unit Sosfot—esign value and characteristic value of the shear strength of a masonry unit; foo—tesign value of the earthquake-resistance and shear strength of a masonry unit destructed along stepped cross-section;design value of the compressive strength of mesh-reinforced brick masonry Fyof y--—design value of the tensile and compressive strength of steel reinforcements respectively design value of the axial compressive strength at the axis of coneretes E—clastie modulus of a masonry units E.—elastic modulus of concrete; C—shear modulus of a masonry unit. 2.2.2 Action and action-effect design value of axial forces Ny—design value of axial force on local compressive area, and supporting compression on beam end Np —design value of upper axial forces Ni—design value of the tension of axis; M—design value of bending moments ‘M,—design value of the moment of cantileverbeam against avertumings design value of overtuming moment of cantileverbeam; V—design value of the shearing force; F;—design value of concentrated load on top surface of joi Qi —design value of uniform distributing load on top surface of joist; Qz-—design value of uniform distributing load on top surface of wall beam; g¢—mean compressive stress of horizontal cross-section . 2.2.3 Geometric parameters A-—area of a sections Ay—area of a bearing blocks A—area of the section of a conerele structural columns Ay—area of local compressions A;—area of net section of a walls Ag—oalculation area that affects the local compressive strength; AyyA',—area of a section of tensile and compressive steel reinforcements respectively a——length of side, length and distance of the actual bearing on beam ends 4,—distance from the side of a hole to the nearest bearing center of a wall beams ag —effective supporting length of a beam end; @,,a'—distance from the center of gravity of vertical tensile and compressive steel reinforce ments to the nearest side of a cross-section; b——ridih and length of side of cross-sections b.—width of concrete structural column along the length of a walls b-—tlange width of the calculated section of pilastered wall, and the calculated width of swing wallsbp —caleulated width of Dange of compressive area of T-section and inverted L-section; d, width of window opening and door opening within the distance between adjacent trans- verse walls, between piers or between pilasters: ed —distances eocentricily distance of axial forces height of a wall or a unit; / —height of a storeys Hg—caleulated height of a unit, calculated height of the section in the middle part of the span of a wall beam; k— thickness of a wall, length of the shorter side of rectangle section, side lengih of eecen- trie direction of axial load of a rectangle section, height of a sections hy—height of joists hy ‘effective height of a section, converted height of a bearing beam; hy —converied height of T-section; h, height of a wall, height of the calculated section of the wall body of a wall beams I spacing of a structural column; calculated span of a beam; 1-—net span of a beam; L le ‘moment of inertia of a cross-section; i—radius of gyration of a sections spacing, area moment of a sections xq-——distance from the calculated overturning point to the outer edge of a walls Uqx——maximum horizontal displacement; W—resisting moment of a cross-sections Yr distance from the center of gravity of a section to the edge of a section in the eccentric direction where the axial load lies; =—arm of internal force. 2.2.4 Calculation coefficients a—ratio, correct factor and coefficient of the area of grout for block masonry and the gross area of a masonry units ey ‘coefficient of the bending moment of a joist with consideration of the compound effect of a wall beam; P—ratio of height to sectional thickness of a members [8]——allowable ratio of height to sectional thickness of a wall,a column; By —coelficient of the shearing force of a joist with consideration of the compound effect of 1 wall beam; ’—magnifying coefficient of local compressive strength of masonry ¥,—adjustment coefficient¥—purtial safety coefficient of the material performance of a structural members Yo—coelficient of the importance of a structure; Yne——eoefficient of earthquake-resistance adjustment of load-bearing capacity; 8—ole rate and coefficient of a concrete masonry blocks £—coelficient of local compression of the masomry on the upper part of the joist abutment §.—~e neff £,—coelficient calculated with participation by steel reinforcements into works 3-—oelficient of impact from the performance of the space of building: ‘Je—estraint. and corrective coefficient of wall body; TN ¢ calculated with participation by core column into work; coefficient of the axial force in the middle part of the span of a joist with consideration of the compound effect of a wall bean; A——ratio of shear span to effective depth of a calculated cross-sections corrective coefficient, influence coefficient of composite force of the shearing compres- KB sions f:-—corrective coefficient of allowable ratio of height to sectional thickness of self-bearing walls fiz —orreetive coefficient of allowable ratio of height to seetional thickness of a wall with window opening and door opening; e— improvement coefficient of allowable ratio of height to sectional thickness of wall body placed with structural column; &——elative height of the compressive area of a cross-section, and coefficient; €,—threshold value of relative height of the compressive area; influence coefficient of wing wall or structural column on shear capacity of the wall body of a wall beams -— influence coefficient of opening on shear capacity of the wall body of a wall beam; ——Brout rate and reinforcement rate of concrete block masonry; ;—area rate of horizontal steel reinforeements calculated according to the vertical section of inter-storey wall body; #—factor, and influence coefficient for load-bearing capacity; ¢,—influence coefficient of load-bearing capacity of mesh- bers bo~-—~slability coefficient of axial compressive members . forced brick masonry mem- $een——Btability coefficient of compound brick masonry units reduction coefficients giy—influence coefficient of opening on the bending moment of a joist.3 Materials 3.1. Grade of Strength of Materials 3.1.1 The following stipulations shall be applied to the strength grade of masonry unit and mortar: 1 Strength grade of fired common brick, fired perforated bricks, ete: MU30, MU25, MU20,MUI5 and MU10; 2. Strength grade of autoclaved sand-lime brick and autoclaved flyash-lime bricks :MU25, MU20,MUI5 and MU10; 3° Strength grade of block: MU20,MU15,MUL0,MU7.5 and MUS; 4° Strength grade of stone materials: MU100, MU80, MU60, MUS0, MU40, MU30 and MU20; 5 Strength grade of mortar: MU15,MU10,MU7.5,MUS and MU2.5. Note:1 The specification, size and strength grade of stone material ean be determined an the basis of the methods set forth in Appendix A of this Code. 2 When determining the strength grade of autoclaved flyash-lime bricks and concrete blocks mixed with more than 15% fly-ash, their compressive strength shall be muldplied by a coefficient of natu- ral carbonization, Where such coefficient is unavailable, 1.15 times of coefficient of aritifial car- bonization can be adopted. 3° When determining the strength grade of mortar,same type of masonry unit shall be utilized for the bottom dic of test block of mortar strength. 3.2 Calculation Index for Masonry Unit 3.2.1 When the control grade of construction quality is Grade B, design vahies of the com- pressive strength with age 28d of different kinds of masotiry units calculated by their grass cross sectional area shall be,on the basis of the strength grade of masonry unit and mortar, adopted respectively as per the following rules: 1 For design values of the compressive strength for fired common brick masonry and fired perforated bricks masonry, the data in Table 3.2.11 shall be applied. ‘Table 3.2.1-1 Design values of the compressive strength for fired common briek masonry and fired perforated bricks masonry (MPa) Strength grade of Strength grade of mortar ‘Strength of mortar bricks MIS mo |_M7.5 MS M2.5 0 MU30 3.94 3.27, 2.93 2.59 2.26 1.15 MU25. 3.60. 2.98 2.68, 2.37 2.06 1.05 ‘U2 3.22 2.67 2.39 2.12 1.84 0.94 ‘MUS 2. 2.31 2.07 1.83 1.60 0.82 ‘MUIO = 1.89 1.9 1.50 1.30 0.672 For design values of the compressive strength for autoclaved sand-lime brick masonry and autoclaved fly-ash brick masonry, the data in Table 3.2.1-2 shall be applied. Table 3.2.1-2 Design values of the compressive strength for autoclaved sand-lime brick ‘masonry and autoclaved fly-ash brick masonry (MPa) Strength grade of Strength grade of mortar Strength of mortar bricks MIO MIS MS o MU25 2.98 2.68 2.37 1.05 ‘MU20 2.67 2.39 2.12 0.94 MUI 2.31 2.07 1.3 0.82 MUIO = 1.89 1.69 1.50 0.67 3 For design values of the compressive strength for a concrete block masonry member with single-rowed holes and for a light aggregate concrete masonry member, the data in Table 3.2.1-3 shall be applied. ‘Table 3.2.1-3 Design values of the compressive strength for a conerete block masonry member with single-rowed holes and for a light aggregate concrete masonry member (MPa) Strength grade of Strength grade of mortar Strength of mortar blocks MbIs Mp0 Mb7.5 ‘Mbs 0 ‘MUu20 5.68 4.95 44s 3.94 2.8 MUIS 4.6L 4.02 3.61 3.20 1.89 ‘MUO = 2.79 2.50 2 131 ‘MUS = = 1.93 E71 1.01 MUS: = = = 1.19 0.70 Note:1 For a masonry unit constructed of hollow blocks with the holes staggered, the values given in the table should be multiplied by 0.8; 2. For individual columns or a masonry unit with a thickness of double-rowed blocks, the values piven in the table should be multiplied by 0.7; 3 For a masonry unit with T-section, the values given in the table should be multiplied by 0.85; 4 A light aggregate concrete block masonry member listed in the table is of concrete blocks made of ‘gangue, cement and coal cinder. 4) When concrete blocks with single-rowed holes are laid with non-staggered holes, the de- sign value f, of the compressive strength of a masonry unit with grout should be calculated ac- . cording to the following formula: Se = f+ 0.60f¢ (3.2.1-1) a = op (3.2. 1-2) Where f,——the design value of the compressive strength of a masonry unit with grout, which shall not be greater than two times of the design value of the compressive strength of a masonry unit without grout; f——the design value of the compressive strength of a masonry unit without grout, 10for which the values given in Table 3.2.1-3 should be used; fe—the design value of the axial compressive strength of grout for conerete small hollow block; @——ratio of the area of grout for concrete small hollow block to the gross area of a masonry unit in block masonry; 5—nole rate of concrete masonry blocks; p——rate of the grout of concrete block masonry, which is the ratio of the area of conerete with sectional grout to the area of sectional holes. p should not be less than 33%. ‘The strength grade of grout for concrete small hollow block masonry shall not be less than ‘Cb20, and also not be Jess than 2 times of the strength grade of the masonry unit. Note; 'The strength grade Cb x x of grout for concrete small hollow block is equal to the strength index of the strength grade Cx x of the corresponding concrete. 5 The design value of the compressive strength of light aggregate concrete block masonry with two-rowed holes or multi-rowed holes with a hole rate not greater than 38% shall be adopted as per the values given in Table 3.2.1-5. ‘Table 3.2.1-5 Design values of the compressive strength for a masonry unit constructed of light aggregate concrete blocks (MPa) Strength grade of Strength grade of mortar Strength of mortar Blocks MbIo Mb7.5 MBS: 0 MuI0 3.08 2.76 2.48 1.44 MU7.5 - 2.13 1.88 1.12 Mus - — 1.31 0.78 Note:1 The blocks given in the table are of voleanie cinder, pumice and ceramsite light nggregnte concrete locks. 2. For the design value of the compressive strength of a masonry unit constructed of light aggregate concrete blocks laid in two rows along its thielsness, the values given in the table stall be multiplied by 0.8, 6 The design value of the compressive strength of a rubble masonry unit constructed of rubble ashfars with the masonry unit height within 180 ~ 350mm shall be adopted as per the values given in Table 3.2.1-6. Table 3.2.1-6 Design values of the compressive strength for n masonry unit constructed of rubble ashlars (MPa) ‘Strength grade of rubble Strength grade of mortar ‘Strength of mortar ashlars ‘7.5 MS M2.5 0 ‘MUL00 5a 4.80) 4.18) 2.13 ‘MUB0 4.85 4.29 3.73 191 MUG) 4.20 3.7 3.23 1,65 ul(Continued) Strength grade of rubble ‘Strength grade of moriar Strength of mortar ashlars Mz.5 MS: M.S 0 MUSs0 3.83 3.9 2.95 1.51 MuU40 3.43 3.4 2.64 1.35 MU30 2.97 2.63 2.29 1.17 MU20- 2,42 215 1.87 0.95 Note:For masonry unit constructed of the following different kinds of ashlnrs, the values given in the table shall be multiplied by factors respectively as below: For a masonry unit constructed of fine-dressed ashlars,1.5; For a masonry unit constructed of semi-fine dressed ashlars,1.35 For a masonry unit constructed of rustic-dressed ashlars.,1.. For a masonry unit constructed of ashlars with side joints slotted in mortar,0.8. 7 The design value for compressive strength of rubble masonry shall be adopted as per the yalues given in Table 3.2.1-7. ‘Table 3.2.1-7 Design values of the compressive strength for a rubble masonry unit (MPa) Strength grade of mortar Strengih of mortar Stren grade of rubs M7.5 Ms M2.5 o MUtO0 1.7 12 0.98 CE MUB0 1.3 1.00 0.87 0.30 ‘MUG 0.98 0.87 0.76 0.26 mus0 0.90 0.80 0.69 0.23 Mus 0.80 om 0.62 0.24 ‘MU30 0.09 0.61 0.53 0.18 MU 0.56 0.51 0.44 0.15 3.2.2 For the design values of axial tensile strength flexural tensile strength and shear strength for different types of masonry units of 28d-age calculated on the basis of their gross cross-sectional areas, the values given in Table 3.2.2 should be used when the control grade of construction quality is grade B. Where concrete blocks with single-rowed holes are laid in non-staggered holes, the design value fy, of the shear strength of a masonry unit with gront shall be calculated as per the fol- lowing formula: Sug = 0.265 (3.2.2) ‘Where f—the design value of the compressive strength of a masonry unit with grout (MPa). 12‘Table 3.2.2 Design values of axial tensile strength, flexural tensife strength and shear strength when cracking along the crass-sections of mortar joints of ‘a masonry unit (MPa) Strength Destructive characteristics and types of masonry |Grade of the strength of mortar) type units =MIO| M7.5| M5 |M2.5| Fired common bricks and fred | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.09 perforated bricks autoclaved sand-lime bricks and | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.06 autoclaved flyash-lime bricks concrete mansory block 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.07 “a tooth Joins rubble 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.04 SS WSS Fired common bricks and fired | 0.33 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.17 SS perforated bricks autoclaved sand-lime bricks and | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.12 autoclaved flyashelime bricks conerete mansory block 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.08 ee ae | rubble 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.07 Flexural tensile = Fired common bricks and fired | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.08 t perforated bricks =e autodayed sand-time bricks and | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.06 == 11 autoclaved fyash-lime bricks Cracking along through joints | concrete mansory block 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.05 Fired common bricks and fired perforated bricks 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.08 Antocaved sand-lime bricks and autoclaved flyash-time | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.06 Shearing | bricks Concrete blocks and light aggregate concrete blocks 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.06 Rubble 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.11 Note:1 For a masonry unit constructed of regular shaped units, where te ratio of the overlapping length to the height of the building block is less than 1, the design value f, of the tensile strength at axis ‘and the design value fy, of flexural tensile strength shall be adopted by multiplying the values given in the table with the ratio of the overlapping joint length to the unit helght; ‘For design values of the shear strength of light aggregate conerete block masonry with two-rowed holes or multi-rowed holes with a hole rate not greater than 354% ,the values given in the table for the design values of the shear strength of a masonry unit constructed of concrete blocks should be multiplied by 1.15 For a masonry unit constructed of autoclaved sand-lime bricks and autoclaved flyash-lime bricks, the values given in the table for the design value of strength can be allowed for appropriate adjust- ment where reliable test data are available; For a masonry unit constructed of burnt shale bricks, burnt gangue bricks and burnt flyash-time bricks, the design values given in the table for strength can be allowed for appropriate adjustment where reliable test data are available. 133.2.3 For a masonry unit under the following cases, the design values of the masonry strength shall be multiplied by a correction factor’: 1 For a masonry unit of the building with crane, a masonry unit constructed of fired common bricks under beam with its span not less than 9m,a masonry unit constructed of fired perforated bricks, autoclaved lime sand bricks, autoclaved flyash-lime bricks under beam with its span not less than 7.5m, and for a masonry unit constructed of concrete blocks and light ag- gregate concrete blacks, 7, is 0.9; 2 For unreinforced masonry unit, where the cross-sectional area is less than 0.3m’, 7, is its cross-sectional area plus 0.7.For reinforced masonry unit, where the cross-sectional area is less than 0.2m’, , is its cross-sectional area plus 0.8. The cross-sectional area of a member shall be calculated in m?; 3 Where a masonry unit is layed with cement mortar, 7, is 0.9 for the values given in all the tables in Clause 3.2.1, while 7, is 0.8 for the values given in Table 3.2.2 in Clause 3.2.2. For reinforced masonry unit, where a masonry unit is constructed of cement mortar, only the design values of the strength of a masonry unit will be multiplied by a correction factor 7; 4 Where the control grade of the construction quality is of Grade C, 7, is 0.89; 5 Where computation checking for members of building in construction is conducted, Yais 1.1. Note: Reinforced masonry is not allowed for use of Grade C. 3.2.4 For the strength and stability of newly layed masonry unit with its mortar still unhardened dur= ing construction, computation checking can be conducted by setting the strength grade of mortar to 0. For a masonry unit layed by use of salled mortar during winter construction, where the strength grade of mortar is increased one level higher than that of the construction at normal temperature, it is permitted not to conduet computation checking for the masonry strength and stability. Note: Reinforced masonry is not allowed to he constructed by use of salted mortar. 3.2.5. The elastic modulus, linear expansion coefficient ,conlraction coefficient and ftietion coefficient of a masonry unit may be adopted as per the values given in Tables 3.2.5-1 ~3.2.5-3 respectively, whereas the shear modulus of a masonry unit may be taken as 0.4 times of the elastic modulus of a masonry unit. 1 Elastic modulus of a masonry unit may be taken as per the values given in Table 3.2.5-1. Table 3.2.5-1 Elastic modulus of a masonry unit (MPa) ‘Types of masonry unit Sse pad of mon pio | wes | M5 | N25 Fired common bricks and fired perforated bricks masonry unit i607 | 1600 f | i600 ¢ | 1390 7 Autoclaved sand-lime bricks and autoclaved flyesh-lime bricks masonry unit | 1060 | 1060,f [ 1060 f | 960, Concrete block masonry unit 1700 f | 1600 f [1500 f | — Rustic dressed ashlarsyrandom-dressed rubble and rubbles masonry nit 7300_| ses0 | 4000_| 2250 Fine dressed ashlars and semi-fine dressed ashlars masonry unit 22000 | 17000 | 12000 | 6750 Note:'the clastic modulus of « masonry unit constructed of light aggregate concrete blocks may be inken from the elastic modulus given in the table for a masonry unit constructed of concrete blocks, 14Elastic modulus of a masonry unit with grout constructed of single-rowed conerete blocks in non- staggered holes shall be calculated as per the following formula: E = 1700f, (3.2.5-1) Where f;-—the design value of the compressive strength of a masonry unit with grout, 2 The linear expansion coefficient and the contraction rate of a masonry unit may be adopted as per the values given in Table 3.2.5-2. Table 3.2.5-2 Linear expansion coefficient and contraction rate of a masonry unit Linear expansion , i Contewction rate ‘Types of masonry unit coefficient vam/m 0-0 ‘A masonry unit constructed of burt clay bricks 5 -0.1 ‘A masonry unit constructed of avtoclaved sare-lime bricks and autoclaved 8 02 flyash-lime bricks “ A masonry unit constructed of concrete blocks 10 -0.2 A masonry unit constructed of light aggregate masonry units 10 -0.3 ‘A masonry unit constructed of ashlars and rubles 8 — Note:The contraction rate given in the table is the contraction rate of the 28d masonry unit constructed of masonry tunits which reach the standard permitted by controction. Where reliable local test datn for a masonry unit contruction are available, such data may be used. 3. Friction coefficient of a masonry unit may be adopted as per the values given in ‘Thble 3.2.5-3. ‘Table 3.2.5-3 Friction cocfficient of a masonry unit, Conditions of friction surface Kinds of materials Dy Wet Gliding of a masonry unit upon @ masonry unit or conerete 0.70 0.60 Gliding of timber apon a masonry unit 0.60 0.50 Gliding of steel upon a masonry unit 0.45 0.35 Gliding of a masonry unit upon sand or cobbles 0.60 0.50 Gliding of a masonry unit upon sandy clay 0.55 0.40 Gliding of a mesonry unit upon clay 0.50 30 154 Fundamental Design Stipulations 4.1 Design Principle 4.1.1 This Code adopts a design method of limit state which takes the theory of probability as its bn- sis to measure the degree of reliability of the structural member in reliability index and adopts design expressions of partial coefficients to conduct calculation. 4.1.2 All masonry structures shall be designed on the basis of Ultimate limit states and shall meet the requirements of the limit state in normal service. Note: On the basis of the nature of the masonry structure, the requirement of the serviceability limit states of the ma- sonry may be generally assured by taking conesponding structure measures in design. 4.1.3 Masonry structures and structural members must be held in a state suitable for service with no necessity for heavy repair and reinforcement within the design working life under normal maintenance, while the design working life may be determined as per the national standard “Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Building Structures” . 4.1.4 According to the serious degree of the consequences which might result from the final failure of building stractures (i.e. endangering personnel's life, causing economic loss and bringing social in- Mluence, etc) ,the construction structure shall be, as per Table 4. 1.4, classified into three classes which shall be appropriately selected for use pursuant to actual conditions when conducting design. Table 4.1.4 Safety Classes of building structure Safety Classes Consequence from destruction ‘Type of building Class 1 Very serious Amnportant building Glass 2 Serious General building Class 3 ‘Less serious Subsidiary building NNote:! For special buildings, the Safety Class may be determined separately as appropriate, 2 Por design of masonry structures in earthquake regions, class of buildings should be determined acconling to their importance stipulated in current national standard “Standard for Classification of Seismic Protection of Building Constuetion” GB 50223 4.1.5 Where masonry structures are designed as per limit state of load-bearing capacity, calculation shall be conducted on the basis of worst combination in the formulas below: Fol 1.28cx + 1.45 qu + D) YeweiSou) < RUF a.) (4.1.5-1) Yol1.35Sce + 1-45 YeiSgn) < RUF, au) (4.1.5-2) a Where Yor ‘coefficient of structure importance. for structural members of Safety Class 1 or design working life of more than 50 years, this coefficient shall not be less than 1.1, while for 16structural members of Safety Class 2 or designed working life of 50 years, this coeffi- cient shall not be less than 1.0,and for structural members of Safety Class 3 or design working life of i to 5 years, this coefficient shall not be less than 0.9; Sex —elleet of chamcteristic value of permanent load; effect of characteristic value of a variable load which plays a control role in basic com- Sau bination; Sgi—effect of characteristic value of No. i variable load R (+) function of resistance of structural members; Yq: —partial safety coefficient of No i variable load; bci-—eoelficient of the combined value of No. i variable load, generally this value should be taken as 0.7; for stack room, archives room, storage room or ventilator room and ele- vator equipment room, this value should be taken as 0.95 f—cdesign value of the strength of a masonry unit, f = fi/7t5 fi—chameteristic value of the strength of a masonry unit, fi = fi ~ 1.645043 Y-—partial safety coefficient for material property of a masonry structure, generally this co- efficient may be considered as Level B for construction control level and the value shall be taken as 7;= 1.63 where the construction control level is Level C, this value shall be taken as 7,=1.8; fo—mean value of the strength of a masonzy units o—standard deviation of the strength of a masonry units @,-—nominal value of geometric parameter. Note:1 When the characteristic value of the live load of the floor is greater than 4kN/m the coefficient 1.4 in the formala shall be 1-3; 2 The requirement for classification of the control level of construction quality shall be in accordance with the rules stipulated in “Code for Acceptance of Const Quality of Masonry Engineering” GB 50203 4.1.6 Where masonry structures are considered to be a rigid body and required to check its stability of integrity, such as overtumning, gliding, drifting, elc, the checking shall be conducted as per the follow- ing formula: Yo(1.2Sca + 1-48 qn + Dy Son) < 0.85.1 (4.1.6) int Where Scy—elleet of characteristic value of permanent load which plays a fuvoruble roles Scax—ellect of characteristic value of permanent load which plays an unfavorable role, 4.2 Stipulations for Static Calculation of Building Structures 4.2.1 Static caleulation of buildings can be categorized into rigid schemes, rigid-elastic schemes and elastic schemes on the basis of their spatial behaviour. When designing, the static calculation schemes can be determined es per the values given in Table 4.2.1 17‘Table 4.2.1 Static Caleulation Schemes of Building Structures Rigid-elastic | Elastic ‘Types of rool ot floor structure Rigid scheme Apes of oak an owes ed scheme | scheme Reinforced conerete woof or fluor of monokithic, assembled integral 1 | pam, and aszonbled plone spaem s<3 | Qesq72 | s>72 | Reinneed concert of assembled purine eystem, ight stl wo | cosas ‘8 5% s > roof, and swood roof or floor with closely covered roof boarding Sts 3 | Tiled wood roof and light steel roof s36 Note: ‘The 5 indicated in this table denotes the spacing of transverse walls of building, its unit of lengiht is in me- ters 2 When the type of roof and floor is different or the intervals of transverse walls are not the same, the static calculation scheme of building can be determined as per the stipalations specified in Clause 4.2.7; 3. For gible free building or building with no transverse wall at expansion joins, the static calculation scheme shall be considered as elastic scheme, 4.2.2 Transverse wall of building of rigid scheme and rigid-elastic scheme shall be in accordance with the following requirements: 1 Where openings are reserved in a transverse wall, the horizontal sectional area of the openings shall not exceed 50% of the sectional area of the transverse wall; 2° The thickness of the transverse wall should not be less than 180mm; 3. ‘The length of the wansverse wall of a single storey building should not be less than its height, ig, should not be less than H/2 (Hf denotes the total height of the trans- while for a multi-storey bua verse wall) . Note] When the transverse wall can not meet the sbove-mentioned requirements simullaneausly, the stiffness of the transverse wall shall be conducted for computation checking. If its maximum displacement value tga, < H/4000, the transverse wall can still be assumed as that of building of rigid scheme or rigid-elastic schemes 2 Fora part of transverse wall or other structural member such as framework, ete which meets the require- ment of the stiffness specified in Note 1, it can also be assumed as the transverse wall of building af rigid scheme or of rigi-elastie scheme, 4.2.3. The static calculation for building of elastic scheme can be conducted on the basis of planar rowed trusses or framework with the roof trusses or crossbeams articulated with walls or columns but ne- glecting spatial effect. 4.2.4 The static calculation for building of rigid-elastic scheme can he conducted on the basis of the hinged planar bent frame or framework with the roof trusses or erossbeams articulated walls or columns with the consideration of spatial effect..The coefficenf of the influence of spatial action of each storey of 1 building can be adopted as per the values given in ‘Table 4.2.4 and its calculation method shall be in accordance with the stipulations defined in Appendix C. 18Table 4.2.4 Cocfficent 1, of the influence of spacial action of each storey af a building ‘Type of Intervals of transverse wall s (m) roof or floor 16 | 20 | 24] 28 | 32 | 36) 40 | a4 | as | 52 | 55 | oo | 64 | 68 | 72 1 = | = |= | = 10-33] 0.39] 0.45} 0.50| 0.55] 0.60] 0.64) 0.68|0.71|0.74]0.77| 2 — [9.35] 0.45] 0.54] 0.61] 0.68]0.73]0.78]0.82] — | — | — | ~ | — | — 3 0.37|0.49] 0.60|0.68|0.75]0.81| ~ | —| —} —]| —| —| —| -]-— Note:The value of i is taken within 1 to nywhile n is the number of the storey of a buildi 4.2.5 ‘The static calculation of buildings of rigid scheme can be conducted as per the following rules: 1. For single storey buildings, walls and eolumns under the action of load can be assumed as ver= tical members of which the upper end is supported at the roof via immovable hinge and the lower end fs embedded into the foundations 2. For multi-storey buildings, walls and columns under the action of vertical load, within the height of each storey, can be epproximatively assumed as vertical members, of which hoth ends are hinged, while under the action of horizontal load, walls and columns can be assumed as vertical conti- nous beams; 3. For the vertical load of the same storey, Ay the actual influence of eccentricity on walls and columns should be considered. Where beams are supported on walls, the distance from the bearing compression NV; at the beam end to the intemal ‘ side of a wall should be taken os 0.4 time of the | effective supporting lengh ag at the beam end 1 (Figure 4.2.5). The lond Ny, transmitted from the upper floor can be assumed acting on the center of gravity of the sectional area of the walls and Lf tte columns of upper floors V 4) For multi-storey buildings with its wall a Fig 4.2.5 Position of bearing compression bearing of the weight of a beam with a span longer athe bom, on than 9 meters, the bent moment at the beam end, besides calculating the load-bearing capacity of the wall body with the above mentioned method, should also be calculated on the basis of both ends of a beam fixed, then multiplied by a correction factor 7 before distributing the bent moment in accordance with the linear stifiness of a wall body to the bottom of the upper-storey wall and the top of the lower-storey wall. The correction factor 7 may be calculated as per the following fommula: o.2/# (4.2.5) 19Where actual supporting length al the beam ends thickness of the bearing wall, when the thickness of the upper wall is different to that of the lower wall, the thickness of the lower wall shall be used; where there is pilaster, hy shall apply. 4.2.6 Where the outer walls of multi-storey building of rigid scheme meet the following require- ments, influence of wind Toad may not he considered in conducting static calculation: 1 The horizontal cross sectional area of the opening does not exceed 2/3 of the whole cross sec- tional area; 2° The storey height and the total height do not exceed the stipulations slated in Table 4.2.6; 3° The self-weight of the roofing is not less than 0. 8kN/m?. Where the wind load has to be considered, the bent moment caused by the wind load may be cal-~ culated as per the following formula; wt (4.2.6) 2 “ design value of evenly distributing wind load along the storey height (kN/m) ; height of a storey (im). M Where w Table 4.2.6 Maximum height of the outer wall without considering the influence of the wind Iond Value of reference wind pressure Hight of a storey "Total height CRN/ i?) {m) (m) o4 4.0 2B 0.5 4.0 m4 0.6 4.0 1B 0.7 35 18 Note: For the outer walls with a thickness of 190mm of # multi-storey building constructed of block masonry, where the height of storey is not greater thon 2. 8m, the total height is not greater than 19.6m and the reference wind not greater than 0.7KN/t?, the influence of the wind load may not be considered. 4.2.7 inealeulating & multi-storey building with structure Nexble at the upper storey and rigid at the lower storey, the lop storey can be calculated as single-storey building and the influence coefficient for spacial action may be taken as given in Table 4.2.4 with respect to related types of roof structures. 4.2.8 The flange width by of calculation section of pilastered wall may be adopted os per the follow- ing niles: 1. For multi-storey buildings, where there are openings for doors and windows, the width of the wall between two neighboring windows may be taken for calculation; where no openings for doors and windows are reserved, the width of the wing wall on each side may be taken as 1/3 height of a pilasters 2 For single storey buildings, the width of pilaster may be taken plus 2/3 height of the wall, but not greater than the width of the wall between two neighboring windows and the distance between two neighboring pilasters; 3. In calculating the footing of the pilastered wall, the distance between adjacent pilasters may be taken. 204.2.9 where the comer section of a comer wall is subjected to vertical concentmated load, the ealeu- lation of the length of the cross section may be conducted from the eomer point and 1/3 height af the storey is taken for each side of the wall. Where there are openings for doors and windows within the range of the abovementioned wall body, the cross section for calculation should be taken from the comer point to the edge of the opening for each side, but may not exceed 1/3 of the storey height. Where the vertical concentrated load is wansmitted from the upper storeys to the storey under consideration, the load may be calculated as uniform load evenly distributed to comer seetion. At this time, computation checking of the comer wall may be conducted as per the eccentric compressive member of angular see- tion. 215 Unreinforced Masonry Units 5.1 Compressive Member 5.1.1 The supporting capacity of a compressive member shall be calculated on the basis of the following formula; N < fA (5.1.1) Where N—design value of axial force; g— influence coefficieut of slenderness ratio B and the eccentric distance of axial oad on bearing capacity of a compressive member, which may be adopted as per the stipulations specified in Appendix D of this Code; f-—design value of the compression strength of masonry, which shall be adopted as per clause 3.2.1 of this Code; A—sectional arca,all kinds of masonry shall be calculated aecording to their gross sectional area; for pilastered wall, its Qange width may be taken as per clause 4.2.8 of this Code. ‘Note; For a member with rectangular cross section, where the side of the section of eccentric direction of ax- ial load is longer than that of another direction, the side of the section shall be calculated as eccentric compres- sion, and at the same time the computation checking of the section along the shorter side shall also be conducted 1s per compression at axis. 5.1.2 In calculating influence coefficient ¢p or to find out the value ofp given in table ¢ the slen- demess ratio B of a member shall be determined according to the following formula: He For rectangular section B=mq (5.1.2-1) He For T-section B=Y%a in (5.1.2-2) Where 77-—correction factor for slenderness ratio of a member constructed of different masonry materials, which will be taken as per Table 5.1.25 Ho— height for calculation of compressive member, which is determined as per ‘Table 5.1.35 k—length of the side of the eccentric direction of axial load of rectangular section, which is the length of shorter side of the cross section where the axis is under compression; Jin —converted thickness of T-section, which may be approximatively calculated as 3.5i5 i—ndius of gyration of a section. 5.1.3 The calculation height Ho of the compressive member should be determined as per Table 5.1.3 on the basis of the type of building and the bearing condition of member,etc.'The height of 22the member given in the table shall be applied as per the following rules: ‘Table 5.1.2 Correction factor 7» for slenderness ratio “Type of Masonry Material % Fired common bricks and fired perforated bricks 1.0 Concrete block ; Light agareyate concrete black im Auloclaved sond-lime bricks, auloclaved flyash-lime bricks, fine-dressed ashlars and semi-fine 12 dressed ashlars : Rustic dressed ashlirs srubble Ls Note: For concrete blocks with grout, is taken as 1.0. 1 For the bottom of a building, the height H is taken as the distance from the top surface of a floor to the abutment of the lower end of a member. The position of the abuiment may be taken as the top surface of the foundation. Where the member is deeply set. underground and has rigid ground level, this position may be counted from 500mm below the ground surface outside the buildings 2 For the other storeys of a building, the height H is taken as the distance between two floors or the distance between other horizontal abutments: 3. For pilaster free gable, the height H may be taken as the storey height plus 1/2 height of the guble cusp, while for pilastered gable,the height H may be taken as the height of the gable at the pilaster. Table 5.1.3 Height Hf for caleulation of the compressive member Pilastered walls or wall Column restrained along its ‘Type of building periphery Parallel to | Normal to the bent_| the bent 32H |2Hes>H| sei - Upper pant of | Elastic echeme 25m, | 125M, 25H, Single | column with ‘teu ah a storey | save igid scheme and) 9 gy | 1 a5y 20H. building | sectional area | Figid-elastic scheme . . 2.04, with gare | Leo ofc th oie TS gy, | 9.97 10% Sine Ts Elastic soheme isi | 1.0n LH storey and | PPS" | egc-etostic scheme [1.24 | LOH 12H wal Blasio scheme 1.254 | 10H 1.25 baling pie Sten | igid-clastic scheme | 1107 | 10H Lin without | pi 0.484 without | Rigid scheme iow | ton | ton | Gon | o6s Note:1 ‘The Ff, is the height of upper part of the column with variable sectional area, while the Hy isthe height of the lower part of the column with variable sectional area; For a member with frec end in the upper part, Hl For an isolated brick column, where there is no bracing between columns, the value given in the table shall be multiplied by 1.25 before used for Hy of the columa along the direetion normal to the bent; scinterval of the transverse wail of buildings The ealeulaiion height of a self-bearing wall shall he determined aecording to the peripheral bearing and restrained condition. we 235.1.4 For building with crane, where the action of erane is not considered for loud combination, the calculation Hieight of the upper part of the column with variable sectional area may be taken as specified in Table 5.1.3, while the calculation height of the lower part of the column with variable sectional area may he taken as specified below: 1 Where H,/H<1/3, the height should be taken as Hg of the building without cranes 2. Where 1/3 < Hy/H <1/2, the height should be taken as Hy of the building without erane multiplied by correction factorzs w= 13-0315 Jy is the moment of inertia of upper part of the column with varieble sectional area, while J; is the moment of inertia of lower part of the column with variable sectional areas 3. Where H,/H3 1/2, the height should be taken as Ho of the building without crane, but the section of the upper part of the column shall be adopted when determining the value 8. Note:This rule is also suitable for columns with variable sectional area of the huilding without crane. §.1.5 The eccentric distance ¢ of the axial force is calculated as the design value of the internal force and shall not exceed 0.67. y is the distance from the center of gravity of the cross sectional area to the edge of the section along the eccentric direction where the axial force lies. 5.2 Local Compression Member 5.2.1 The bearing capacity in the cross section of a masonry unit subjected to loval uniform compres sive force shall be calculated as per the following formula: M< YfAr (5.2.1) Where Nj—design value of the axial force acting on the local compression areas y—ragnifying factor for local compressive strength of a masonty _f-—design value of the compressive strength of a masonry, for which the impact from the strength adjustment coefficient 7, might not be considered; Ay—local compression area. 5.2.2 Magnifying factor 7 for local compressive strength of a masonry shall meet the following rules: 1 muy be caleulated according to the following formula: y = 140.35, | -1 (5.2.2) Where Ap—caleulation area affecting local compressive strength of masonry. 2. The calculation value ¥ derived shall also be in accordance with the following rules: 1) Under the condition shown in Fig.5.2.2 0,7 < 2.55 2) Under the condition shown in Fig.5.2.2 b,¥ < 2.05 3) Under the condition shown in Fig.5.2.2 ¢,7 < 1.55 4) Under the condition shown in Fig.5.2.2 d,¥ < 1.255 5) Masonry constructed of perforated bricks and masonry constructed of blocks which need grouting as per the requirement specified in Clause 6.2.13 of this Code shall also meet 7 <1.5 in the conditions of subclauses 1),2),3), while a masonry unit constructed of eonerete blocks without grout- 244 | ; am A ) (a) Fig.5.2.2 Area Ao affecting local compressive strength ing shall meet Y= 1. 5.2.3 The calculation area affecting the local compressive strength of masonry may be adopted as per the following rules: 1 Under the condition shown in Fig.5.2.2.a,A9 = (a +c + h) hi 2° Under the condition shown in Fig.5.2.2 bso = (b + 2h) hs 3° Under the condition shown in Fig.5.2.2 ¢,4g = (a +h) A + (b + hy-h) fas 4 Under the condition shown in Fig.5.2.2 4,49 = (a +h) hy Where a, b—length of the side of rectangular local compressive area Ar; hy —thickness of a wall or the length of the shorter side of a column, thickness of a wall; the shorter distance from the outer edge of rectangular local compressive area to the edge of member. When this distance is greater than /h, the value shall be taken as h. 5.2.4 The bearing capacity of local compression of masonry at the support of the beam end shall be calculated as per the following formulas: © WNo+ Nis mfAr (5.2.4-1) Ao =1.5-0.572 22.4 w ‘Ar (5.2.4-2) Ny=ooAr (5.2.4-3) A; = ab (5.2.4-4) he ay=10. F (5.2.45) Where y——redluction coefficient of the upper load, where Ay/ A;> 3, y =0 shall be taken; 25‘No—design value of the axial force acting on the upper part within the local com- pressive area (N) ; N;——design value of the bearing pressure at the beam end (IN); 6j—design value of the evenly compressive stress of the upper part (N/mm?) ; —integrity factor of compressive stress diagram at the surface of the beam end, ‘commonly 1 may be taken as 0.7, whereas for lintels or wall beams, 1) may be taken as 1.0; ‘4y—effective supporting length at the beam end (mm), where ay >a, then ag shall be taken; a——actual supporting length at the beam end (mm); b——width of the cross section of a beam (mm) ; Jt,——height of the cross section of a beam (mm) ; f-—design value of the compressive strength of masonry (MPa). 5.2.5 The local compression of masonry with rigid bearing block placed underneath the beam end shall be in accordance with the following rules: 1 The bearing capacity of the local compression of masonry underneath the rigid bearing block shall be calculated as per the following formulas: Not Nx Or fAy (5.2.5-1) No=ovAy (5.2.5-2) Ay= aby (5.2.5.3) Where Ny—design value of the axial force acting on the upper part inside the bearing block area A,(N); g— influence coefficient of the combined load from Np and N, of the bearing block, for which value @ in clause 5,1.1 shall be adopted only when f <3; Yy7—— favorable influence coefficient of the area of masonry outside the bearing block, 7; shall be 0.8 7 , but not be less than 1.0. 7 is the magnifying factor of local compression strength of masonry, which is derived via calculation as per the formula (5.2.2) with A, substituted by Ay; Ay—area of the bearing block (mm?) ; @——projected length by the bearing block into a wall (mm) ; by —width of the bearing block (mm). 2 The detailing requirements of the rigid bearing block shall be in accordance with the following rules: 1) The height of the rigid bearing block shall not be less than 180mm, and the project- ed length by the bearing block calculating from the edge of the beam shall not be greater than the height of the bearing block 4; 26Ir let Lis 120 Tig.5.2.§ Local compression at the beam end with bearing block placed on pilaster’ 2) Where a rigid bearing block is placed inside the pilaster of the pilastered wall (Fig.5.2.5) , its calculation area shall be taken as the area inside the pilaster, but the area of the flange part shall not be taken into account. At the same time, the projected length by the bearing block on the pilaster into the wing wall shall not be less than 120mm; 3) Where the bearing block is cast monolithically with the beam end, the block can be placed within the height of a beam. 3. Where rigid bearing block is placed at the beam end, the effective supporting length ap at the beam end shall be determined according to the following formula: a= buf (5.2.5-4) 6,— influence coefficient of the rigid bearing block, which may be taken as Table 5.2.5. The position of the acting point N; on the bearing block can be taken at 0.4ay. ‘Table 5.2.5 Value table of coefficient 5 olf o 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 5 54 5.7 6.0 6.9 1.8 Note:The value between two numbers given in the table can be derived by insertion method. 5.2.6 The bearing capacity of local compression of masonry undemeath the bearing beam which is longer than ho placed under the beam shall be ealeulated as per the following formulas: Ny + Np <2.48afbyhg No = xbyhooo/2 (5.2.6-3) Where No~—design value of the axial force acting on the upper part of the bearing beam (N) ; 6 —width of the bearing beam along the direction of the wall thickness (mm); 8;—where the load is evenly distributing along the direction of the wall thickness, should be taken as 1.0; where unevenly, dy may be taken as 0.85 27hio—converted height of the bearing beam (mm) Ey. h, ——modulus of elasticity of the concrete and the moment of initia of cross section of the beating beam respectively 5 hy—height of the bearing beam (mm) + modulus of elasticity of masonry + thickness of wall (mm). Xi % Is { Boering beam bees E he i" I Le | 7 4 Fig.5.2.6 Local compression of the bearing beam ‘The effective supporting length ap of the beam end on the bearing beam may be calculated as per the formula given in (5.2.5-4). 5,3. Axial Tensile Member 5.3.1 ‘The bearing capacity of axial tensile member shall be calculated as per the following formula: N 0.25,bo/l = 0.25 is takens where ,/1 < 0.05, 6/1 = Ois taken. Note: Checking calculation for slenderness ratio that considers the favorable effect of the structural column is not up- plicable for construction period 3° Where the slendemess of the wall between pilasters or the wall between structural columns is checked as per the formula (6.1.1), shall be taken as the distance between two adjacent pilasters or the distance between two adjacent structural columns. For pilastered wall or wall with structural columns designed with reinforced concrete ring beam, where b/s 31/30 (0 is the width of the ting beam), the ring beam may be assumed as the immovable hinged support point of the wall between pilasters or wall between structural columns. Where it is not allowed to increase the width of the ring beam, the width ‘may be increased on the basis of the principle of equivalent stiffness outside the plane of the wall body 50 as to meet the requirements of the immovable hinged support point of the wall between pilasters or the wall between the structural columns. 6.1.3 For a self-bearing wall with its thickness h<240mm, the correction factor 1; of the allowable slendemess ratio shall be adopted as per the following rules: 1h = 240mm, py = 1.25 2 h=90mm, 2) = 1.5; 3 240mm> h >90mm, the value 2; may be taken by interpolation. Nole:1 Allowable slendemess of the wall,of which the upper partis of free end besides increased as per the afore- mentioned stipulations, may still be increased by 30% 5 2 For wall with its thickness less than 90mm, where both surfaces of a wall are float coated with sand-cement slurry of not less than MIO, inclading the thickness of the float-conted wall is not Jess than 90mm, its slen~ demess may be checked by assuming the wall thickness being equal to 90mm. 316.1.4 For walls with door or window opening, the correction factor for allowable slendemess 2» shall be caleulated as per the following formula: t= 1-04 (6.1.4) Where b,—total width of door or window opening within the range of the width 5 s—distance of walls between adjacent window openings or between pilasters. Where the value of 722 calculated as per the formula (6.1.4) is less than 0.7, then 0.7 shall be tuken Where the height of the opening is equal to or less than 1/5 height ofthe wall, zg = 1.0 may be taken. 6.2 General Structural Requirements 6.2.1 ‘The minimum strength grade of the materials used for walls or columns of a building with five storeys and more as well as walls or columns subjected to vibration or walls or columns with its storey height being more than 6 meters shall meet the following requirements: 1 For bricks, MU10 is adopted; 2. For blocks, MU7.5 is adopted; 3 For stones, MU30 is adopted; 4 For mortar,M5 is adopted. Note: For buildings of Safety Grade 1 or of design working life of more than 50 years, the minimum strength grade of the materials used for walls or columns shall be increased at least by one level. 6.2.2 The minimum strength grade of the materials used for masonry below the ground level or below the moisture barrier and walls of humid rooms shall be in accordance with the re- quirements listed in Table 6.2.2. Table 6,2.2 The minimum strength grade of the materials used for masonry below the ground level or below the moisture barrier and walls of humid rooms: Fired common bricks, Humid degree of autoclaved lime sand bricks Concrete | Stones Coment Severe Cold area ‘General area Slightly humid ‘MUO ‘MUIO mu7.s | Muzo [Ms Very humid ‘MUIS MUIO mu7.s | mu30 | M7.5 ‘Water saturated MU20 MUIS mu | mua | mio Note:1 In swelling ground area,masonry below the ground level or below the moisture barrier, perforated bricks may not be adopted. If adopted, their holes shall be fully grouted with cement mortar. ‘Where masonry constructed of concrete blocks are adopted, their holes shall be fully grouted with ‘grout of strength grade not fess than Cb20; 2 For buildings of Safety Grade 1 or of design working life of more than 50 years, the strength grade of the materials listed in the table shall be increased at least by one level. 6.2.3 The sectional dimension of the isolated brick columns of load-bearing shall not be smaller than 240mm x 370mm. The thickness of the random rubble wall should not be less than 350mm, while the length of the shorter side of the random rubble column should not be less than 400mm. 32Note; Where vibration load exists, walls or columns should not be constructed of random nibble masonry, 6.2.4 Building truss with its span longer than 6m and beam with its span longer than the following values shall be placed with concrete or reinforced concrete bearing blocks at the support. Where ring beam is set on the wall, the bearing block should be monolithically cast with the ring beam. ‘These values are as follows: 1. For masonzy constructed of bricks, the value is 4.8m; 2 For masonry constructed of blocks and ashlars, the value is 4.2m; 3° For masonry constructed of random rubbles, the valuc is 3.9m. 6.2.5 Where the beam span is longer or equal to the following values, its bearing position shall be «placed with additional pilasters or other measures for strengthening shall be adopted. ‘These values are as follows: 1. For brick wall of 240mm thickness, the beam span is 6m; for brick wall of 180mm thickness, the beam span is 4.8m; 2 For walls constructed of blocks and ashlars, the beam span is 4.8m. 6.2.6 The supporting length of the prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs should not be less than 100mm on walls,and not Jess than 80mm on reinforced conerete ring beams. Where the steel reinforee- ments projected from the slab end is used for restraint and joint grouting, the supporting length thereof may be 40mm, but the joint width of the slab end shall not be less than 80mm and the grout should not be lower than C20. 6.2.7 The ends of the crane beams, roof truss and the prefabricated beam, supported on walls and columns, with its span greater than or equal to the following values shall be anchored with the bearing block on wall and column by using anchoring assembly . ‘These values are as follows: 1 For brick masonry, the value is 9m; 2 For masomy constructed of blocks or ashlars, the value is 7.2m. 6.2.8 Fill wall and curtain wall shall be reliably connected with peripheral members by tak- ing measures respectively. 6.2.9 Pilasters at gable should be laid to the top of the gable and the roofing members shall be reli- ably connected to the gable. 6.2.10 Masonry constructed of blocks shall be laid with overlapping joint staggered and the overlapping length between the upper layer and the lower layer shall not be less than 90mm. ‘Where the overlapping length cannot meet the aforementioned requirements, welded steel mesh slices of not less than 264 shall be embedded inside the horizontal mortar joint (the spacing be- tween transverse steel reinforcements should not be greater than 200mm). Each end of the mesh slice shall exceed the vertical joint with a length of not less than 300mm. 6.2.11 The intersection joints between a building block wall and the later laid curtain wall shall be embedded every 400mm along the wall height inside the horizontal mortar joint with not less than 264 welded steel mesh slices with a spacing of not greater than 200mm between two transverse steel reinforcements (Fig.6.2.11). 332400 _| 3400 Block wall, 2600 IN se aid cura wall Vig. 6.2.11 Steel mesh slices embedded ot the intersection between black masonry and later laid curtain wall 6.2.12 For building constructed of concrete blocks, the holes located at the intersection between Tongitudinal wall and transverse wall and also located within the range of not less 300mm from each side of the centerline of a wall shall be fully grouted with grout of not Jess than Cb20 and the grouting height shall be the whole height of the wall body. 6.2.13 The following positions of the wall bedy constructed of eonerete blocks, where ring beams or concrete bearing blocks are not placed, the holes shall be fully grouted with grout of not less than cb20. ‘These positions are as follows: 1 Masonry underneath the support surface of grating, lintel and reinforced conerete floor slabs with the masonry height not less than 200mms 2° Masonry undemeath the support surface of members such as roof trusses, beams, ete with the masonry height and length not less than 600mm respectively; 3° Masonry undemeath the support surfice of cantilever beam, which shall not be less than 300mm from each side of the centerline of wall with the masonry height not Jess than 600mm. 6.2.14 Where grooves or holes are reserved and pipes embedded inside masonry, the following rules shall be complied with 1 Piping shall not be embedded inside a bearing wall body with the long side of its section being Jess than 500mm and inside an isolated column; 2° Buried wiring should not be arranged inside wall body or grooves reserved or cut through thereof. Where there is no way lo avoid doing so, necessary countermeasures shall be taken or check 34the load-bearing capacity of the wall body according to the weakened cress section Note: For block masonry subjected to less lond or without grouting, it is permited to place piping in the vertical hole of the wall body. 6.2.15 Cavity wall filled with insulation shall meet the following rules: 1. The strength grade of the concrete blocks shall not be less than MU10s 2 Thickness of the interlayer of a cavity wall filled with insulation should not be greater than 100mm; 3 ‘The maximum tansverse bearing spacing of the extemal side of the cavity wall filled with in- sulation should not be greater than 9m. 6.2.16 The connection between the intemal side and the extemal side of the cavity wall filled with insulation shall meet the following rules; 1 Both the internal and external sides of the cavity wall filled with insulation shall be connected with corrosion-treated tie bars or steel reinforcements mesh slices; 2 Where annular tie bars are adopted, the diameter of the steel reinforcements shall not be less than 4mm. Where tie bars are of Z farm, the diameter of the steel reinforcements shall not be less than 6mm, The tie bars shall be arranged along vertical direction in the form of plum blossom with their maximum horizontal and vertical spacing not greater than 800mm and 600mm respectively. Where there is vibration prevention or earthquake-resistance requirements, the maximum horizontal and vertical spacing should not be greater than 800mm and 400mm respectively; 3. Where steel reinforcements mesh slices are used as restrained parts, the diameter of the trans verse steel reinforcements of the mesh slices shall not be less than 4mm and its spacing shall not be greater than 400mm, whereas the vertical spacing of the mesh slices should not be greater than 600mm. If there is vibration prevention or earthquake-resistance requirements, this vertical spacing should not be greater than 400mm; 4 The length placed of the restrained parts on the intemal or external side of the cavity wall filled with insulation shall not be less than 2/3 of the thickness of such side and shall not be less than 60mm as wel 5 Restrained assembly with their spacing not greater than 600mm shall be supplemented within 300mm of the peripheral sides of door and window openings. Note: For buildings of safety grade 1 or with a design working life of more than 50 years, the intemal and external sides of the cavity wall fled with insulation should be connected with reimined assembly of stainless sted. 6.3 Main Measures to Prevent or Mitigate Walls from Cracking, 6.3.1 In order to prevent or mitigate the wall body of a building from vertical cracking resulted from temperature difference and masonry dryness and shrinkage in normal servicing condition, expansion and contraction joint shall be designed inside the wall body. This joint shall be designed at the place where there is the most possibility that stress concentration and masonry eracks occur due to deforming result- ed from temperature and contraction. The spacing of the expansion and contraction joint may be taken as Table 6.3.1. 35‘Toble 6.3.1 Maximum spacing of the expansion and contraction joint of masonry buildings {m) Conerete buildin ‘Type of roof or floor eck. ms Monolithic or assembled manokth- |_ Roof or floor with insulated or isolated layer 50 ie reinforeed concrete structure Roof without insulated or isolated layer 40 ‘Assombled pitlinless reinforced | Roof or floor with insulated or isolated layer 0. ‘conerete structure Roof without insulsted or isolated layer 50 ‘Assembled puslin reinforced con- |__ Roof with insulated or isolated layer 5 crete structure Roof without insulated or isolated layer i} Roof of tile ar foor of wood, light steel root 100 Note:1 For building consinicted of fired common brick, perforated brick and reinforced block masonry, take the values given in the table; for building constructed of masonry laid with stones, autoclaved Time sand bricks, autoclaved flyash-lime bricks and fired common bricks, perforuted bricks and concrete blocks, lake the values from the table and mukiply them by a factor 0.8, Where there is practical experience and effective measures are adopted, stipulations specified in this table may not be abideds 2. Roof tiled on reinforced concrete roofing should be used as reinforeed concrete rool; 3. The expansion and contraction joint designed as per this table generally cannot prevent simultaneously the wall body from local cracking caused by deforming of reinforced eancrete roof dae to temperature and de forming of masonry due to drying and shrinkage; 4 The spocing of the exparsion and contruction joint of a single storey building constructed of masonry laid with fired common bricks, perforated bricks and reinforced blocks masonry with the storey height greater than Sm may be taken as the values in the table by multiplying 1 5) The maximum spacing of the expansion and contraction joint of the wall body of the heating free building and structures constructed in areas with greater difference and frequent change of temperature and severe cold area zhall be taken os the values in the table with appropriate reductions 6 The expansion and contretion joint of the wall body shall be superposed upon the other deforming joints of the structure, and the effect of the expansion and contraction of the joint must be assured in conducting, treatment of upright plane. 6.3.2 In onler to prevent or mitigate the top wall body of a building from eracking, the following measures may be taken as appropriate: 1 Roofing shall be placed with insulating and isolated layers 2 The insulating and isolated layer or rigid topping and mortar-leveling layer of the roofing shall be designed with separation joint. The spacing of the separation joint should not be greater than 6m and shall be separated with parapet wall, while the width of joint should not be less than 30mm 3 Adopt assembled purlin reinforced concrete roof and tiled roofs 4 Place horizontal gliding layer at the contact plane between the reinfored conerete roofing slab and the ring beam of wall hody. The gliding layer may be trough the use of two layers of asphalt felt embedded with talcum powder or rubber slices. For long longitudinal wall, the gliding layer may only be designed at both ends within 2 to 3 bays, while for transverse wall, the gliding layer may only be designed at both ends within 1/4 respectively (J is the length of the transverse wall) ; 5 Place on-site cast reinforced concrete ring beam under the top roofing slab and tie it through 36along the internal and extemal walls, and appropriately set horizontal stecl reinforcements inside the wall body under the ring beams at both ends of a building; 6 Set 3 welded steel reinforcements mesh slices (the longitudinal steel reinforcements should not be less than 244 and the spacing of transverse steel reinforcements should not be greater than 200mm) or 26 steel reinforcements inside the mortar joint of the wall body under the end of the top cantilever, both the steel reinforcements mesh slices or the projection by the steel reinforcements into the wall body located at both sides shall not be Jess than 1 m calculating from the end of the cantilever (Fig. 6.3.2); Mortar joint of the fret leyer of bricks underneath the bears <_ > Im > Im Fig. 6.3.2 Steel reinforcements mesh slices or steel reinforcements at the end of the top cantilever, 1-24 steel reinforcements mesh slices or 296 steel reinforcements 7 Where there are openings such as doors or windows on the wall body of the top storey, place 2.to 3 welded steel reinforcements mesh slices or 2#6 sleel reinforcements inside the horizontal mortar joint of lintel, and the projection by the slices or the bars into the wall located at both ends of the lintel shall not be Tess than 600mm; 8 The strength grade of the mortar for top storey wall and parapet wall shall not be less than M5; 9 The parapet wall shall be designed with structural eolumn. The spacing of the structural col- umn should not be greater than 4m and the structural column shall project up to the top of the parapet wall and monolthically east with the on-site cast reinforced concrete tops 10 Extra structural columns should be appropriately set inside the wall body at the end of the top storey of a building. 6.3.3 In order to prevent or mitigate the wall body of the bottom floor of a building from eracking, the following measures may be taken as appropriate: 1. Increase the stiffness of the foundation ring beam; 2 Set3 lines of welded steel reinforcements mesh slices or 246 steel reinforcements inside the mortar joint of the wall body undemeath the window of the bottom storey and the projection of the slices or bars into the walls located at both sides of the window shall not be less than 600m; 3 Adopt reinforced concrete window slab, and embed it into the walls at both sides of the win- 37dow for not less than 600mm. 6.3.4 Restrained steel reinforcements should be vertically placed at the wall corner and the intersec- tion between longitudinal and transverse walls every 400 to 500mm and ils number shall not be less than 146 for every 120mm wall thickness or steel reinforcements mesh slices should be welded, while the embedded length shall not be less than 600mm at each side calculating from the wall comer or from the intersection. 6.3.5 For lime sand bricks, flyash-lime bricks, conerete blacks or other non-burt bricks, welded steel reinforcements mesh slices or 286 steel reinforcements should he placed inside the horizontal mor- lar joints above the lintel of the doors and windows on every storey and on the first and second hotizan- tal mortar joints undemeath the windows, while the welded steel reinforcements mesh slices ot steel re- inforeements shall project into the walls at both sides of the window for not less than 600m. Where the length of the solid wall constructed of lime sand bricks, flyash-lime bricks, conerete blocks or other non-burnt bricks is longer than Sm, 2 to 3 welded steel reinforcements mesh slices or 396 horizontal steel reinforcements with conseoutive length should be placed at the mid-height of wall for every storey with a vertical spacing of 500mm. 6.3.6 In order to prevent or mitigate the openings of doors and windows located al both ends of the top storey and in the first and second bays on the bottom storey of a building construcied of concrete blocks from cracking, the following mensures may be taken: 1. Set steel reinforcements of not less than 1¢12 inside at least one opening at both sides of the door opening or window opening. ‘This steel reinforcements shall be anchored at the ring beam of the floor or at the foundation of a building and fully grouted with grout of not less than Cb20; 2 Set 244 welded steel reinforcements mesh slices with their length of not less than 900mm and their vertical spacing of 400mm inside the horizontal mortar joint of the wall bodies at both sides of the door opening or the window openings 3 Set reinforced concrete window lintel with conseeutive length at the top storey and bottom storey, and the height of this lintel should be the module of the block height; vertical member shall not be less than 4¢10, while hooping shall be #6@200 with Cb20 concrete. 6.3.7 Where the building is of great stifiness, vertical control joint may be set inside the wall body under windows or at the window comers, Such vertical control joint should also be set at the abrupt change of the height and thickness of the wall body or other reliable measures shall be adopted against cracking. ‘The detailing and the calking material of the vertical control of the outward transmission lond and defending of the wall plane. 6.3.8 Lime sand bricks, flyash-lime bricks masonry should be laid with good sticky mortar, while shall meet the requirements conerete block masonry shall be laid with special mortar. 6.3.9 For wall body with higher requirements against cracking, special measures may be taken as appropriate. 387 Ring Beam, Lintels, Wall Beams and Cantilever Beams 7.1 Ring Beam 7.1.1 In onder to enhance the monolithic stiffness of a building and prevent the unfavourable influe ences from the unequal settlements of the ground foundation or greater vibration load on the building, on-site east reinforced conerele ring beam may be set inside a wall as per the stipulations stated in this clause. 7.1.2 Ring beam for spacious building with single storey such as workshop, warehouse, mess hall, etc shall be set as per the following rules: 1 For buildings constructed of brick masonry, where the elevation of cornice is 5 to 8m, a ring beam shall be set along the cornice elevation; where the elevation of cornice is greater than 8m, the number of ring beam shall be increased; 2. For buildings constructed of block and ashlar masonry, where the elevation of cornice is 4 to Sm, a ring beam shall be set along the cornice elevation; where the elevation of cornice is greater than Sm, the number of ring beam shall be increased; For industrial buildings with single storey installed with crane or major vibration equip- ment, besides setting an on-site cast reinforced concrete ring beam along the elevation of cor- nice or window top, extra ring beam shall be set. 7.1.3 For civil buildings of multi-storey masonry used for dormitory, office, etc with 3 to 4 storeys, a ring beam shall be set along the cornice elevation; where there are more than 4 storeys, ring beams shall be set every two storeys on longitudinal and transverse walls. For an industrial building of multi-storey masonry, on-site cast reinforced concrete ring beams shall be set on every storey. For buildings of multi-storey masonry with wall beams placed, on-site cast reinforced con- crete ring beam shall be set along the joist, wall beam and the cornice elevation, while for oth- er floors, ring beams shall be set on every storey of longitudinal and transverse walls. 7.1.4 Buildings constructed on soft foundation or on uneven foundation, besides setting ring beam as per this clause, shall elso be in accordance with the relevant stipulations specified in the current na- tional standard, “Code for Design of Building Foundution” GB SO007. 7.4.5 Ring beams shall be in accordance with the following structural requiremenis: 1. Ring beam should be set consecutively on the same horizontal plane and looped. Where the ring beams are interrupted by door opening or window opening, additional ring beam of the same sec- tion shall be set on the top of the opening. The overlapping length of the additional ring beam with this one shall not be less than 2 times of the vertical spacing caleulating from the center to center, and also not be less than Img 2 Ring beam at the intersection between longitudinal wall and transverse wall shall be reliably 39connected. ‘The ring beam of buildings of rigid-elastic scheme ond elastic scheme shall be reliably con- nected with members such as roof trusses and girders etes 3° The width of the reinforced concrete ring beams should be the same with wall thickness. Where the wall thickness h>240mm, its width should not be less thon 2h/3, while its height shall not be less than 120mm and the longitudinal stee] reinforcements shall not be less than 4810 and the overlapping length of the tied tie-in shall be considered as per the steel reinforcements subjected to ten- sion, while the hooping spacing shall not be greater than 300mm; 4° Where the zing beam is used simultaneously as lintel, then the steel reinforcements set in the lintel position shall he inereased for number as per the calculated quantity. 7.1.6 Buildings of multi-storey masonry structure with on-site cast reinforced concrete Door/ roof, where there are more than 5 storeys, may be, besides setting one ring beam along the comice eleva lion, placed with ring beam every two storeys and cast together with floor and roof slabs. The embed- ded length of the floor slabs without placing ring beam into wall shall not be Jess than 120mm, and lon- gitudinal steel reinforcements of not less than 2610 shall be placed along the wall length. 7.2. Lintels 7.2.1. The span of a brick lintel shall not exceed the following rules: For lintel constructed of reinforced bricks, the span is 1.5m; For jack arch constructed of bricks, the span is 1.2m. For buildings with great vibration load or with potential unequal settlement of the ground founda- tion, reinforced concrete lintel shall be adopted. 7.2.2 ‘The load of lintel shall be adopted as per the following rules: 1 Load of lintel or slab For a masonry unit constructed of bricks or small blocks, where the height of the wall under the lintel or slab hy < l,( ty is the net span of the lintel), the load transmitted from the lintel or slab shall be reckoned inj where the height of the wall under the Hintel or slab fty>>,» the load transmitted from the lintel or slab may not be considered in. 2 Load of wall body 1)For masonry constructed of bricks, where the height of the wall above the lintel hy < U,/3, the load shall be adopted as per the evenly distributed self-weight of the wall body. Where the height of the wall body ,.>4,/3, the wall load shall be adopted as per the uniformly distributed self-weight of the wall body of ,/3 heights 2)For masonry constructed of concrete blocks, where the height of the wall above the lintel. fy <,/2, the load shall be adopted as per the evenly distributed self-weight of the wall bodys where the height of the wall hy > 1,/2, the load shall be adopted as per the uniformly distributed self-weight of the wall body of J,/2 height. 7.2.3. Calculation of lintel should be in accordance with the following rules: 1 Brick jack arch ‘The bearing capacity of the bending and shear of the brick jack arch shall be ealeulated in aceor- 40dance with the formulas given in Clauses 5.4.1 and 5.4.2 and through the use of the design value of the tensile strength or the shear strength of the bending along the section of the tooth joint; 2. Lintel constructed of reinforced bricks 1)the flexural capacity may be calculated as per the following formula: MeO.85haf,Ay (7. Where design value of the bending moment erossing the center calculated as free beams fy —design value of the tensile strength of steel reinforcements; Ag ‘cross-sectional area of the tensile steel reinforcements; hg—elfective height of the section of lintel, fig = h a, —the distance from the center of gravity of the tensile steel reinforcements to the lower edge of the section; calculated height of the section of lintel, which is taken as the height of the wall from the surface of the lintel, but not greater than 1,/3. Where the load transmitted from the lintels or slabs is considered, the height undemeath the lintel or slab shall be adopted. 2) The shear-load-bearing capacity may be caleulated as per Clause 5.4.2: 3) Reinforced concrete lintel shall be calculated as reinforced conerele bending member. In checking the local compressive load-bearing capacity of the masonry unit undemeath the lintel, the impact of the load from the upper storey may not be considered. 7.2.4 The structural requirements of a brick lintel chall he in accordance with the following rules: 1 The mortar within the calculated height of the section of the brick lintel should not be less than MSs 2 For jack arch constructed of bricks, the height of the masonry laid with vertical bricks shall not be less than 240mm; 3° The diameter of the steel reinforcements placed inside the mortar layer on the surface of the reinforced brick lintel shall not be less than Smm with a spacing not greater than 120mm, while the projection length by the steel reinforcements into the support masonry should not be less than 240mm and the thickness of the moriar layer should not be less than 30mm. 7.3. Wall Beams 7.3.1 Wall beams, inckuding simply supported wall beam, continuous wall beams and framework = supported wall beams, can be classified into bearing wall beam and self-bearing wall beams. 7.3.2 The design of a wall beam constructed of masonry unit laid with fired common bricks and fired perforated bricks or constructed of reinforced masonry shall be in accordance with the stipulations specified in Table 7.3.2. Within the limit of the calculated height of wall beams, only one opening is allowed to be set under each span, and the distance a, from the edge of the opening to the center of the support shall not be Jess than 0.15, from the side support and not less than 0.07/, from the middle support. For wall beams of multi-storey building, the open- 41ings on each storey should be placed at the same position and be vertically aligned. ‘Table 7.3.2 General stipulations for wall beams Gross height | Height Height Width of Height of a ‘Type of wall beam | of wall body ted of wall of joist opening, opening: (m) m Soci act cut My 304 eV <0.3 diy = hy 320.4 Self-bearing wall beam <8 fo, taken as hy = lp(for continuous wall beams and ‘multi-span framework-supporting wall beam, fg shall be taken as the mean value of spans) 3 For the calculation height Ho of the section in the middle part of the span of a wall beam, taken as Hy = hy +0-5iys 4 For the calculation width by of the wing wall, the width of the wall between windows or 2/3 spacing, of the transverse wall shall be taken and each side should not be greater than 3.5/ (/i is the thickness of the wall) and 10/63 5 For the coleulation height H, of the frameviork column, taken as He = Hy, +0.5hy3 Hen is the not height of the framework column, which is taken as the distance from the top surface of founda- a2tion to the sub face of the joist. “Top beam Wing wall Wall |fseractura Tnody [columns Joist clan I fasta) ag bow Wing wall Fig. 7.3.3 Calculation sketch of wall beams 7.3.4 The caleulation load of a wall beam shall be applied as per the following niles: 1 Load on the wall beam in the stage of service 1)Bearing wall beam a The design value Q),; of the load from the top surface of the joist shall be taken us the self- weight of the joist und the dead load and live load of the floor of the samme storeys b The design value Q, of the load from the tap surface of the wall bear shall be taken as the self-weight of the wall bodies on each storey upward from the joist and the dead load and live loud of the floor and roof of each storey upward from the top surface of the wall beam, concentrated load van be approximately regarded as uniformly distributing load along the acting span. 2)Self-bearing wall heam ‘The design value Q, of the loud from the top surface of the wall beam shall be taken as the self weight of the joist and the self-weight of the wall body upward from the joist. 2 Load on the joist in the stage of construction 1) The self-weight of the joist and the dead load of the Noor of the same storeys 2) Load of the construction of the floor of the same storey; 3) The self-weight of the wall body, which can be taken as the self-weight of the wall body of lonax/3 height; where making opening, this self-weight shall still be recheeked on the basis of the ac- tual distributing self-weight of the wall body below the top of the opening; lou is the maximum value of the calculated span, 7.3.5 The load-bearing capacity of the normal section and the shear load-bearing capacity of inclined section of the joist in its service stage shall be calculated for the wall beam respectively. Besides, the shear load-bearing capacity of wall body and the local compressive load-bearing eapacity of the upper part of the abutment of a joist shall be calculeted, including the computation checking of the load-bear- ing capacity of a joist in construction stage. For self-bearing wall beam, the shear load-bearing capaci 43ty of the wall body and the local compressive load-bearing capacity of masonry may not be conducted for computation checking. 7.3.6 ‘The bearing capacity of normal section of the joist of wall beam shall be calculated as per the following rules: 1 The section in the middle part of the span of a joist shall be calculated as reinforced concrete eccentric tensile member and its bending moment Mj,; and axis tensile foree Ny; can be calculated as per the following formulas: = My; + aya Mui = ON ze For simply supported wall beam, ay= dul 17 2 -0.08) d= 4.5-10 k gn=0.4442.1 z For continuous wall beam and framework-supporting wall beam, ay = x 2.7 F2-0.08) dy =3.8- sf by 0,842.67" (7.3.6-1) (7.3.62) (7.3.6-3) (7.3.64) (7.3.65) (7.3.6-6) (7.3.6-1) (7.3.6.8) Where Mj;——bending moment in the middle part of the span of the simply supported walk beam under the action of the load design value Q;, Fy or the maximum bending mo- ment in the middle part of the spans of the beam or frameworks analyzed as per continuous wall ‘Mzy—hending moment in the middle part of the span of the simply supported wall beam under the action of the load design value Q2 or the maximum value of the bending moment in the middle part of span of the joist analyzed as per continuous wall beam or framework; ay—hending moment factor in the middle part of span of the joist with the consideration of the combined effect of the wall beam, which can be calculated as per the formulas (7.3.63) ot (7.3.6-6), but the simply supported wall beam of self-bearing shall be multiplied by 0.8; where in the formula (7. hy J 1 when Tr eiakeT where in the formula (7.3.6-6) 5 fold hs =i, when Tey reke Te =‘px—coelficient of the axial force in the middle part of the span of the joist with the eon- sideration of the combined effect of the wall beam, which may be ealeulated as per the formulas given in (7.3.6-5) or (7.3.6-8), but the simply supported wall bearn of self-bearing shall be multiplied by 0.8; where in the formula, hy i Yu—inlluence coefficient of the opening on the bending moment of the joist, for wall 1; h when je > Lotake i beam without opening, this coelficient shall be taken as 1.0, while for wall beam with opening, calculation can be conducted as per the formulas (7.3.6-4) or (7.3. 67); -—distance from the edge of the opening to the nearest support of the wall beam, lake a; =0.35 dp; when a; >0.35 fj. 2 The section of the support of a joist shall be calculated as per the reinforced concrete flexural member, and its bending moment My may be calculated as per the following formulas: Myj= My + anMy (7.3.69) (7.3.6-10) Where Myj—bending moment of the support of a joist under the action of the load design value Q:, F, analyzed as per the continuous wall beam or frameworks ‘Myj—bending moment of the support of a joist under the action of the load design value Qz, analyzed as per the continuous wall beam or framework; ay——bending moment coefficient of the support of a joist with the consideration of the combined effect, wall beam without opening shall be taken as 0.4, while wall beam with opening may be calculated as per the formula (7.3.6-10). Where there are openings on walls at both sides of the support, a; should be taken as minor value. 7.3.7 For framework-supporting column of the multi-span framevork-supporting wall beam under the action of load Q2 from the top surface of the wall beam, where the axial forve of the side column is un- favorable, a correction factor 1,2 shall he multiplied. 7.3.8 The shear load-bearing capacity on the inclined section of the joist of a wall beam shall be calculated as the reinforced concrete flexural member, and its shearing force Vjj may be calculated as per the following formula: Vay = Vij + By (7.3.8) Where Vj; —side shear force of the support of the joist or side shear force of the support of the simply supported beam under the action of the load design value Qy Fy analyzed as per continuous wall beam or framework; Voj—side shear foree of the support of a joist or side shear force of the support of the sim- ply supported beam under the action of the load design value Qz analyzed as per the continuous wall heam or frameworks 45By —shear force coefficient of the joist with the consideration of the combined effect. For the side support of a wall beam without opening, take 0.6 and for middle support, take 0.7, while for the side support of a wall beam with opening, take 0.7 and for middle support, take 0.8. For a wall beam of self-bearing, take 0.45 if no opening, or take 0.5 if with opening. 7.3.9 The shear load-bearing capacity for the wall hody of a wall beam shall be calculated as per the following formula: Vas6i6:(0.24 7 + fy (7.3.9) Where = Vy ‘maximum value of the shear force at the support of a wall beam under the action of the load design value Qo; &— influence coefficient of a wing wall or structural column. For single storey wall beam, take 1.0, while for multi-storey wall beam, when 8 <5 take 1.35 when Hf h h 7, or set structural columns, by take 1.5; when 3 0.81, take {= 0.81. Where b/h35 or vertically consecutive structural column constructed fiom the ground surface is placed at the support of a wall beam, computation checking of the local compressive capacity may not be conducted . 7.3.11 Computation checking of bending and shear load-bearing capacity of a joist in construction stage shall be conducted as per concrete flexural member, and the load acting on the joist may be adopted as per the stipulations specified in Clause 7.3.4. 7.3.12 Wall beams, besides meeting the relevant stipulations for structures of the present Code and the current national standard, “Code for Design of Concrete Structures" GB 50010, shall also be in accordance with the following structural requirements: 1 Material 1)The strength grade of the concrete used for joist shall not he less than C30 2)For longitudinal stee! reinforcements, Grade HRB335, HRB400 or RRB400 should 46be adopted; 3)The strength grade of the masonry units used for bearing wall beam shall not be less than MUIO, and the strength grade of the mortar used for wall body within the limit of calculated height shall not be less than M10. ‘Wall body 1)Building constructed of masonry in the upper part of the framework-supporting wall beams and building with simply supported wall beams or continuous wall beam placed with bearing shall meet the requirements for buildings of rigid scheme; 2) The thickness of the wall body within the limit of the calculation height of wall beams shall not be Jess than 240mm for brick masonry, not be less than 190mm for a ma- sonry unit constructed of small concrete blocks; 3)Concrete lintel shall be set on the top of opening of wall beam with its supporting length not less than 240mm, and no concentrated load shall be applied within the limit of the opening; 4) Ground wing wall shall be set at the support of the bearing wall beam with the wall thickness not less than 240mm for brick masonry, and 190mm for concrete block masonry, while the width of the wing wall shall not be Jess than 3 times of the thick- ness of the wall body of wall beam. This wing wall shall be constructed together with the wall body of the wall beam simultaneously, Where it is not possible to set the wing wall, a vertically constructed ground structural column stall be placed; 5) Where opening is placed near the range of 1/3 span of the support on the wall body of a wall beam, a vertically constructed ground structural column shall be placed at the support and be connected to the ring beam on each storey; 6) Wall body laid daily within the limit of the calculation height of the wall beam shall not exceed 1.5m, otherwise, additional temporary bracing shall be placed. Joist 1) On-site cast concrete floor shall be adopted on each bay at both =] sides of the joist of the building with wall beam and at the adja- cent bay thereof, and the thick- i ness of the floor slab should not be less than 120mm. Where the thickness of the floor slabs is | pit tan d2euon | greater than 150mm, dual layer ~ and bi-directional reinforced Fig. 7.3.12 Infilling area of hooping for mesh should be adopted. On the joist with non-centered opening designed floor slabs, Jess opening should be made. Where the opening size is greater than 800m, beam should be place at the 47.edge of opening; 2)The longitudinal reinforcing steel bar with consecutive length shall be placed on the bottom of each span of the joist. ‘The middle part of the span shall not be bent or cut, and the connection of the steel reinforcements for additional length shall be made mechanically or through welding; 3)The total reinforcement rate of the longitudinal streesed steel bar of the section of the middle part of the joist span of a wall beam shall not be less than 0.6% ; 4) Within the limit of a joist to the 19/4 position of the edge of the side support, the area of the longitudinal steel reinforcements inside the upper part of a joist shall not be less than 1/3 area of that inside the middle and lower parts of the span. Addition al longitudinal steel reinforcements inside the upper part of the middle support of a Joist of the continuous wall beam or multi-span framework-supporting wall beam shall project outward for not less than /,/4 each side calculating from the edge of the support; 5) The length that a joist of the bearing wall beam supports on the masonry wall or col umn shall not be less than 350mm, and the projection by the longitudinal streesed steel bar into the support shall meet the anchoring requirement of the tensile steel re- inforcements; 6) Where the height of a joist 4,2:500mm, horizontal steel reinforcements with consec- utive length shall be set along the height of a wall beam with their diameter not less than 12mm and spacing not greater than 200mm; 7)The diameter of the hooping of a joist that is located within the width of non-centered opening of a wall beam and within the limit of one beam height Jt, respectively on both sides of a wall beam up to the side of an abutment near the opening should not be less than 8mm with a spacing of not greater than 100mm (Fig. 7.3.12). 7.4 Cantilever Beams 7.4.1 The resistance to overturning of the reinforced concrete cantilever beam inside the ma- sonry wall shall be computation-checked as per the following formula: Moy J1¢ Ce) Whece the opening ie within dy Cd) Where the opening is outside fy 7.4.4 Computation checking of the local compressive load-bearing capacity of the masonry under- neath the cantilever beam may be conducted as per the following formula (Fig. 7.4.4): Ny mfr (1.4.4) 49—Wl) , — WIT)» —— rs es () ) N Fig. 7.4.4 Local compression of a masonry undemeath the cantilever beam (a) Cantilever beam that bears ona stexighn (6) Conover bears tht bears an Tall Where N;—bearing compression underneath the cantilever, which may be taken as N;=2R, where R is the design value of the overtuming load of the eantilever beams integral factor of the compressive stress diagram of the bottom surface of the cantilever beam end, which may be taken as 0.7; Y¥—mugnifying, coefficient of the local compressive strength of masonry, which may be tak- en as 1.25 for Fig. 7.4.4@, while 1.5 for Fig. 7.4.46; Ay—local compressive area of masonry undemeath the cantilever beam, which may be tak- T en as Ay = 1.2bl,, where b is the width of the section of the cantilever beam, while ‘hy, is the height of the section of the cantilever beam. 7.4.5 The maximum bending design value Mya and the maximum shear design value Vagq of the cantilever may be calculated as per the following formulas: Mux = Moy (7.4.5-1) Vex = Vo (7.4.5.2) Where Vo—shear force resulted from the load design value of the eantilever beam at the section of the extemal edge of the cantilever beam walls 7.4.6 The design value of the cantilever beam, besides mecting the relevant stipulations speci- fied in the current national standard ,“Code for Design of Concrete Structures” GB 50010, shall also be in accordance with the following requirements: 1 Longitudinal streesed steel bar shall be extended into the cantilever beam end for at least 1/2 area of the steel bar and not less than 2612. The length of the rest bars to be extended into the support shall not be less than 2,/3. 2 The ratio of the length /, of the cantilever beam embedded into masonry to the length 1 of the cantilever part should be greater than 1,2; where there is no masonry constructed on the cantilever beam, the ratio of /, to J should be greater than 2. 7.4.7 Cantilever member such as awning ete may be given computation checking for resistance to overturning as per Clauses 7.4.1~ 7.4.3, whilst its load G, for resistance to overtuming may be adopted as per Fig. 7.4.7, where the distance of G10 the extemal edge of the wall is [2 = 44/2, Iya L,/2. 50YET) | eT EN SA Fig. 7.4.7 Load of resistance to overturn8 Reinforced Brick Masonry Members 8.1 Steel Mesh Reinforced Brick Masonry Members 8.1.1 The compressive member of the steel mesh reinforeed brick masonry units shall meet the following rules: 1 Where the eccentric distance exceeds the kem limit of the section, for column of rectangular cross-section, i.e. e/h >0.17 or where the eccentric distance does not exceed the ker limit of the section, though, the slendemess ratio of the member 8 > 16, the mesh-reinforced brick masonry units should not be adopted; 2. For member of rectangular oross-section, where the length of the side of the section along the eccentric direction of the axial force is greater than that of other direction, the section in the direction of the length of the shorter side shall also be cheeked on the basis of axial compression besides con- ducting as per eccentric compressive calculation; 3. Where the lower end of the mesh-reinforced brick masonry member intersects with the unrein- forced masonry, computation checking shall also be conducted for the local compressive load-bearing capacity of the unreinforced brick masonry at the intersection. 8.1.2 ‘The load-bearing capacity of the compressive member of the mesh-reinforced brick masonry (Fig. 8.1.2) shall be caleulated as per the following formulas: iS a fi (ed Fig. 8.1.2 Steel mesh-reinforeed masonry (4a) Reinforced brick column in grit mesh; (16) Consecutive bent reinforced ress (Ce) Reinforce brick wall i pid mesh Neha (8.1.21) 52f =F+2(1-22) fF (8.1.22) p=(¥,/¥)100 (8.1.23) Where N——design value of the axial forces influence coefficient from the slendemess ratio, reinforcement ratio and the eccentric distance of the axial force on the load-bearing capacity of the compressive member of the mesh-reinforeed brick masonry, which may be adopted as per the stipulations in Appendix D.0.2; fo——design value of the compressive strength of the mesh-reinforced brick masonry; A——area of the crass section; eccentric distance of the axial force; p——reinforcement ratio per unit volume, where square grid composed of steel reinforee- ments with a sectional area A, is adopted (Fig. 8.1.2a) with its size being a and its vertical spacing being s,, 2A, Pa 100 V., V—volume of the reinforcing bar and the masonry respectively fy—~design value of the tensile strength of the steel reinforcements, where f, is greater than 320MPa, take 320MPa as it is. Note: Where consecutive bent reinforcing bar mesh is adopted (Fig. 8.1.24), the direction of the steel reinforce ‘ments used for mesh shall be perpendicular each other and be phiced in staggered manner along the height of the masonry. ‘The spacing of the mesh in the same direction shall be taken far 54. 8.1.3 The structure of the mesh-reinforced brick masonry member shall be in accordance with the following rules: 1 The reinforcement ratio of the volume inside the mesh-reinforced brick masonry shall not be less than 0.19%, and shall not be greater than 1% ; 2. Where reinforced mesh is adopted, the adopted diameter of the steel reinforcements should be 3 to 4mm; where consecutive bent reinforced mesh is adopted, the diameter of the steel reinforcements shall not be greater than 8mms 3 The spacing of the steel reinforcements inside the reinforced mesh shall not be greater than 120mm, and not be less than 30mm; 4) The vertical spacing of the reinforced mesh shall not be greater than five layers of bricks, and not be greater than 400mm; 5) The strength grade of the mortar used for mesh-reinforced brick masonry shall nat be less than 7.5 and the reinforced mesh shall be set inside the horizontal mortar joint, of which the thickness shall assure that there is a mortar layer of at least 2mm thickness respectively on and undemeath the steel reinforcements. 538.2 Composite Brick Masonry Members I Composite Masonry Members Composed of Brick Masonry and Reinforced Concrete Topping or Reinforced Mortar Topping 8.2.1 Where the eccentric distance of the axial foree exceeds the limited value speeified in Clause 5.1.5, composite brick masonry member composed of brick masonry and reinforced concrete topping or reinforced mortar topping should be adopted (Fig. 8.2.1) ‘ Restrained steel ‘ fT t Lis Concrote or moetae Longitudinal steel bar Stierep @) 0) © Fig. 8.2.1 Soction of hybrid briek masonry members 8.2.2. T-section member with its brick walls laid together with the composite masonry (Fig. 8.2. 16) may be calculated as the composite masonry member of rectangular section (Fig. 8.2.1), but the slendemess ratio f of the member shall still be considered as T-section, of which the flange width shall be in accordance with the stipulation specified in Clause 4.2.8, 8.2.3. The load-bearing capacity of the axial compressive member of the composite brick masonry shall be calculated as per the following formula: N o,= 650-800 (8.2.5-1) 56~f Ssh, (8.2.5-2) ‘Where it is of big eccentric compression, i.e. €< 6, fy (8.2.5-3) &= s/hy (8.2.5-4) Where @—~relative height of the compressive area of the section of composite brick masonry unit; fy—esign value of the tensile strength of the steel reinforcements. Limit value &, of the relative height of the compressive area of composite briek masonry member shall be taken as 0.55 for steel reinforcements of Grade HPB235, while 0.425 for steel reinforcements of Grade HPB335. 8.2.6 ‘The structure of composite brick masonry member shall be in accordance with the following stipulations: 1 The strength grade of the topping concrete should he adopted as C20, while the strength grade of the topping cement mortar should not be lower than MIO and the strength grade of the mortar for lay- ing not lower than M7.5; 2 ‘The thickness of the concrete cover of the vertical streesed steel reinforcements shall not be less than the stipulations specified in Table 8.2.6, while the distance of the vertical streesed steel re- inforeements away from the surface of the brick masonry shall not be less than Sams a= ‘Table 8.2.6 Minimum thickness of the concrete cover (mm) Environment condition ‘Outdoor or indoor humid Nomnal indoor environment mee oe ‘Type of member ‘environment ‘Wall 1s. 23 Column B 35 Note: Where the topping is cement mortar, the thickness of concrete cover for column may he deereased by Sma. 3 The thickness of the mortar topping may be taken as 30 to 45mm, Where the topping thick- ness is greater than 45mm, the material for topping should be concrete; 4. The vertical streesed steel reinforcements should be steel reinforcements of Grade HPB325. For conerete topping, steel reinforcements of Grade HRB335 may also be adopted. ‘The ratio of rein- forcement for the side of the compressive steel reinforcements should not be fess than 0.1% for mortar topping and not less than 0.2% for conerete topping. The ratio of reinforcement for tensile steel rein- forcements should not be less than 0.19%. ‘The diameter of the vertical streesed steel reinforcemonts should not be less than 8mm with its net spacing not less than 30mm; 5 The diameter of the stirrups should not be less than 4mm and 0.2 times of the diameter of the compressive steel reinforcements, and not greater than 6mm, while the spacing of the stirmups shall not ‘be greater than 20 times of the diameter of the compressive steel reinforcements and SOmm, and shall not be Jess than 120mms 6 Where there are more than four vertical reforcing steel reinforcements on the side of the com- posite brick masonry member, additional stirrup or tie bars shall be placed; 577 For member such as wall body, ete with a big difference for the long and short sides of its section, tie bars passing through wall body shall be adopted as stirrup. ‘At the same time, horizontal distributing steel reinforcements shall be placed. The vertical spacing of the horizontal distributing steel reinforcements and the horizontal spacing of the tie bars shall not be greater than 500mm (Fig. 8.2.6). 8 Reinforced concrete bearing blocks rmust be placed on the top, attort and corbel of composite brick masonry members. The length of the vertical streesed steel reinforsements projected into the bear- ing blocks must meel the requirements of the anchorage. Vertical Strvesed Steel = 300 rainForcoments Horiaootot distributing Steal ‘Tie_har ‘elafortemasta Fig. 8.2.6 Composite wall constricted of eonerete or mortar topping Jl Composite Walls of Brick Masonry and Reinforced Concrete Structural Columns 8.2.7 ‘The compressive load-bearing capacity at the axis of compesite walls of eomposed of brick ma- somy and reinforced conerete structural columns (Fig. 8.2.7) shall be calculated as per the following formulas: fe(he bya : | Z: hy bh Fig. 8.2.7 Section of the composite wall constructed of brick masonry and structural column 58N yho, it is of small eccentric compression . Where &; relative depth of limiting compression zone. For steel reinforcements of Grade MPB235, tke = 0.60, while for steel reinforcements of Grade HRB335, take &y= 0.535 —depth of the compressive zone of the sections hig—ellective depth of the section. 2 In case of big eccentric compression, calculation shall he conducted as per the following for- mulas (Fig. 9.2.4): Nec fhe + f AS ~fyAs— Sharla: (9.2.41) Ney hf, the compressive effect of the section of the eccentie compression of Tseation ye plate shall be considered and the loud- bearing capacity shall be calculated as per the following formulas: 1)Big ecventsie compression (Fig. 9.2.5) Necfyl bu + (b5— bb 4 fA, ~ Syl Shades (9.2.5.1) Nen0.25f,bh, take N=0.25f,bh; ‘sectional area of the shear wall, of which the effective area of the Dange may he de- termined as per Table 9.2.5; A, —seclional area of the web plate with T-section or reversed L-section, for rectangular A section, take A= As A~—ratio of the shear span to depth for calculated section, where A is less than 1.5, take 1.5; where A is greater than and equal to 2.2, take 2. Jig ——elfective height of the section of the shear wall; Aj —tolal sectional area of the horizontal distributing steel reinforcements placed inside the same sections vertical spacing of the horizontal distributing steel reinforcementss ‘fy-—design value of the tensile strength of the horizontal steel reinforeements. 3 The shenred load-bearing capacity of the inclined section of the shear wall under eccentric tension shall be calculated as per the following formula: s Aa (0.6,,bio~0.2042) + 0.95, 4ee (9.3.1-4) 9.3.2. ‘The sheared load-bearing capacity of the inclined section of the coupling wall-beam of the shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry shall conform to the following rules: 1 Where the coupling wall-beam is constructed of reinforced concrete, its load-bearing capacity shall be calculated as per the relevant stipulations specified in the current national standard, “Code for Design of Concrete Structures” GB 500105 2. Where the coupling wall-beam is constructed of the reinforced block masonry, its load-bearing capacity shall be in accordance with the following rules: 1)The section of the coupling wall-beam shall conform to the following requirements: Vy <0.25f,bhg (9.3.2-1) 652)'The sheared load-bearing capacity of the inclined seetion of the coupling wall-beam shall be calculated as per the following formula A V0. 8/sgblig yea (9.3.2-2) Where V¥—design value of the shear of the coupling wall-beam: b—width of the section of the coupling wall-beams ey Ag—total sectional area of all brunches of the hooping placed inside the same seotions effective depth of the section of the coupling wall-beamns Sy —design value of the tensile strength of hoopings spacing of hooping along the member length. Note: The loud-bearing capacity subjected to bending of the normal section of the coupling wall-beam shall be cal- cculoted os per the relevant stipulations regarding bending members specified in the current national standard, “Code for Design of Concrete strictures GB 50010, Where reinforced block masonry is axopled, conesponding parameter and index shall he adapted for euleulation. 9.4 Stipulations for Structures Requirements of Reinforced Concrete Masonry of Structural (Shear} Wall 1 Stee! Reinforcements 9.4.1 The specification of steel reinforcements shall conform to the following rules: 1 The diameter of the steel reinforcements should not be greater than 25mm. Where the steel reinforcements is placed in the mortar joint, the diameter should not be less than 4mm; 2° The area of the steel reinforcements placed inside the holes or cavity should not be greater than 6% of the area of the holes or cavity. 9.4.2 The placement of steel reinforcements shall be in accordance with the following stipulations: 1. The diameter of the steel reinforcements placed in the mortar joint should not be greater than 1/2 of the thickness of the mortar joint; 2 The net spacing between two parallel steel reinforcements shall not be less than 25mm; 3° The net spacing between two vertical steel reinforcements placed inside the column and pi- laster should not be less than 40mm, including the net spacing between two steel reinforcements at the tie-in. 9.4.3 The anchorage of the steel reinforcements placed inside the grout for concrete small hollow blocks shall be in accordance with the following rules: 1 Where the strength of the vertical tensile steel reinforcements is fully utilized in calcula tion, its anchorage length L, should not be than 30d for steel reinforcements of Grade HRB335, while for HRB400 and RRB400, should not be less than 35d. Under no circum- stances shall the anchorage length of the steel reinforcements, including steel wire, be less than 300mm; 2 The vertical tensile steel reinforcements should not be cut in the tensile part. Where the 66cutting of the steel reinforcements must be conducted, the bar should be extended beyond to where no section of such steel reinforcements is required on the basis of calculation of the bend- ing load-bearing, capacity of the normal section, whereas the length of the extension shall not be Tess than 20d; 3 Where the vertical compressive steel reinforcements is cut in the middle of a span, the bar must be extended beyond the required section of the steel reinforcements on the basis of cal- culation, whereas the length of the extension shall not be less than 20d, while for steel rein- forcements with no crotch at its end in the tied skeleton, the extension length shall not be less than 25d; 4 For the streesed plane bar in the bar skeleton, hook shall be made at the bar end, wshile in the welding skeleton, welding net and compressive member at axis, hook may not be made. For streesed stee! reinforcements deformed in the tied skeleton, hook may not be made at the bar terminal. 9.4.4 The joint of the steel reinforcements shall be in accordance with the following rules: Where the diameter of the steel reinforcements is greater than 22mm, mechanical connecting joint shall be adopted, while the quality of such joint shall meet the stipulations specified in the relevant norms and codes. The steel reinforeements of other diameters may be connected by taking overlapping joints and shall meet the following requirements: 1 The jointing of the steel reinforcements should be located at the place where the force- summing is minor; 2. The overlapping joint length of the tensile steel reinforcements shall not be less than 1.1L,» while the overlapping joint length of the compressive steel reinforcements shall not be less than 0.7.45 and not less than 300mm as well: 3° Where the spacing between the steel reinforcements of adjacent joints is not greater than 75mm, its overlapping lengih shall be 1.2... Where the joints between steel reinforcements are stag- gered for 20d, the overlapping length may not be inereased.. 9.4.5 ‘The anchorage and the overlapping length of horizontal streesed steel reinforcements (mesh slices) shall be in accordance with the following rules: 1 The anchorage length of the steel reinforcements in the groove block concrete footing should not be less than 30d, and the folded length of its horizontal or vertical part should not be less than 15d and 200mm, while the overlapping length of the steel reinforcements should not be less than 35d; 2 ‘The anchorage length of the steel reinforcements in the horizontal mortar joint of the masonry should not be less than 50d, and the folded length of its horizontal or vertical part should not be less than 20d and 150mm, while the overlapping length of the steel reinforcements should not be less than 35d; 3 In the mortar joint of every two layers or the mortar joint of the overlapping through staggered joints, the length is 50d +2h, where d is the diameter of the streesed sleel reinforcements of mortar joint, while A is the spacing of the horizontal mortar joint. 9.4.6 The minimum thickness of the protective layer of the steel reinforcements shall meet the fol- 67lowing requirements: 1 The protective layer of the mortar exposed outside the steel reinforcements in the mortar joint should not be less than 15mm; 2 the protective layer of the steel reinforcements in the hole or in the groove of the blocks should not be less than 20mm in normal indoor environment and not be less than 30mm in outdoor or humid conditions. Note:For a member of the reinforced masonry structure of the first grade safety level or with design working life longer than 50 years, the protective layer of the steel reinforcements shall be increased of least Smm greater than the thickness specified in this cause, or adopt measures such as using corrsion-trented steel reinforcements, anti-percolation conerele blocks etc. I Shearing Walls and Coupling Wall-beam of Reinforced Concrete Masonry 9.4.7 The strength grade of the masonry material of the shear wall and coupling wall-beam construct ed of the reinforced block masonry shall be in accordance with the following rules: 1 The strength grade of block shall not be less than MU10; 2 The strength grade of mortar shall not be less than Mb7.5¢ 3° The strength grade of grout shall not be less than Cb20. Note: For building of the reinforced block masonry of the first grade sufety level or with design working life longer than 50 years, the minimum strength grade of the used material shall be increased at least by one level . 9.4.8 The thickness of the shear wall and the width of the section of the coupling wall-beam con- structed of the reinforced block masonry shall not be less than 190mm. 9.4.9 The detailing reinforcement of the shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry shall be in accordance with the following rule: 1 Vertically consecutive steel reinforcements shall be placed in the wall comer, terminal and both sides of an opening, and the bar diameter should not he less than 12mms 2 Horizontal steel reinforcements of not less than 2#10 shall be placed in the bottom and top of the opening, and the projection length thereof into the wall should not be less than 35d and 400mm: 3° On-site cast reinforced concrete ring beam shall be placed at all the interseetions between lon situdinal wall and transverse wall of floor or roof, and the widih and height of the ring beam should be identical to the thickness of the wall and the height of block, while the main steel reinforcements of the ring beam shall not be less than 4810 and the strength grade of the concrete of the ring beam should not be less than 2 times of the strength grade of the concrete block in the same storey or not less than the strength grade of the grout in such storey, and not less than C20 as wells 4 The spacing of the vertical end horizontal steel reinforcements inside other positions of the shear wall shall not be greater than half of the Jength and height of a wall, and not be greater than 1200mm as well. For locally grouted masonry, the spacing of the vertical steel reinforcements shall nat be greater than 600mm; 5. The reinforcement ratio of the structural steel reinforcements of the shear wall along its vertical and horizontal direction shall not be less than 0.07% . 689.4.10 Reinforced block walls between windows designed as per wall framework, besides meeting the stipulations specified in Clauses 9.4.7 ~9.4,9, shall also be in accordance with the following niles: 1. The section of the wall between windows shall satisfy the following requirements: 1) Wall width shall not be less than 800mm, and should not be greater than 240mm as wells 2)Ratio of the net height of a wall to the width of a wall should not be greater than 5. 2 ‘The vertical steel reinforcements inside the wall between windows shall satisfy the following requirements: 1)Steel reinforcements placed inside each wall between windows along the whole height of a wall shall not be less than 4 pieces: 2)Sulficient bending steel reinforcements shall be placed along the total section of the wall; 3) the percentage reinforcement of the vertical bar used inside the wall between windows should not be less than 0.2% and not be greater than 0.8% as well. 3. The horizontal distributing steel reinforcements inside the wall between windows shall satisfy the following requirements: 1) The horizontal distributing steel reinforcements shall be processed into a standard hook of 180°at the vertical steel reinforcements located on the wall terminal or equivalent measures shall be takens 2)'The spacing of the horizontal distributing steel reinforcements, within the range of | time of wall width from the beam edge, shall not be greater than 1/4 wall width, and in other posi- tions, shall not be greater than 1/2 wall widths 3) The reinforeement ratio of the horizontal distributing steel reinforcements should not be less than 0.15% . 9.4.14 Shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry shall be configured with marginal members on the basis of the following scenarios: 1 Where the masonry located at the terminal of the shear wall is utilized, the configuration of the marginal members shall be in conformity to the following rules: 1) Vertical steel reinforcements of not less than #12 with consecutive length should be placed inside the holes within the range of at least 3 times of the wall thickness away fram the wall terminals 2) Where the designed compressive stress of the terminal of the shear wall is greater than 0.8/,, horizontal steel reinforcements (steel hooping) with a spacing of not greater than 200mm and its diameter not less than 6mm shall be placed besides placing vertical steel re- inforeements as per the stipulations in Sub clause 1). Such horizontal steel reinforcements, should be placed inside the grout. 2 Placing concrete column at the terminal of the shear wall shall conform to the following rules: 1) The width of the section of column should be equal fo the wall thickness, while the length of the section of column should be 1 to 2 times of the wall thickness and shall not be less than 200mm; co2)The strength grade of the concrete used for the column should not be less than 2 times of that of the block of such wall body or should neither be less than the strength grade of the wall grout, nor less than C20; 3) The vertical steel reinforcements of column should not be less than 4¢12, while that of hooping should be#6 with a spacing of 200mm; 4) The horizontal steel reinforcements inside the wall body shall be anchored in the column and shall meet the anchorage requirements; 5)'The construction sequence of the column should be in the order of laying block wall first, then conducting eonerete casting and vibrating. 9.4.12 Where reinforced conerete is adopted for coupling wall-beam in the shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry, the strength grade of the concrete used for coupling wall-beam should not be less than 2 times of the strength grade of the blocks of wall body in the same storey or should be the strength grade of grout for concrete small hollow block of the wall of the same storey, and shall not be Jess than C20 as well. For other kind of structures, the relevant stipulations specified in the current national standard, “Code for Design of Concrete Structures” GB 50010 should also be met. 9.4.13 Where reinforced concrete is adopted for coupling wall-beam inside the shear wall eanstruct- ed of the reinforced block masonry, the coupling wall-beam shall conform to the following rules: 1 The section of the coupling wall-beam shall conform to the following requirements: 1) The height of the coupling wall-beam shall not be Jess than the height of two layers of ma- sonty blocks and not Jess than 400mm as well; 2) Coupling wall-beam shall be constructed of blocks of H form or of groove with all the holes fully cast with conerete. 2 The horizontal stee! reinforcements of the coupling wall-beam shall conform to the following requirements: 1) The horizontal streesed steel reinforcements above and below the coupling wall-beam shall be symmetric and be placed with consecutive length, and the anchorage length thereof in- side the masonry with grout shall not be less than 35d and 400mm; 2) Percentage reinforeement of the horizontal streesed steel bar used for coupling wall-beam should not be less than 0.2%, and should not be greater than 0.8% . 3. The hooping of the coupling wall-beam shall conform to the following requirements; 1) The diameter of hooping shall not be less than 6mm; 2)The spacing of hooping should not be greater than 1/2 height of the beam andl 600mm 3)The spacing of hooping within the range that the distance from hooping to abulment is equal to the height of the beam, shall not be greater than 1/4 height of the beam, while the spac ing of the first piece of hooping from the surface of the abutment shall not be greater than 100mm; 4) The reinforcement ratio of the ares of hooping should not be less than 0.154% 5 5)'The hooping should be of closing type, and the hook at the terminals of hooping with dual branches shall be bent into 135°, while the hook at the terminals of hooping with single 10branch shall be bent into 180° or bent into 90* plus an extension of 12 times of the diameter of hooping. I Columns Constructed of Reinforced Block Masonry 9.4.14 Column constructed of the reinforeed block masonry, besides meeting the requirements in Clause 9.4.7, shall also conform to the following rules: row Steal Hoonping (a) (a) Fig. 9.4.14 Sketch of columas constructed of reinforced block masonry (a) Lamer lnyers (5) Upper layer 1 The length of the side of the section of column should not be less than 400mm, and the ratio of the column height to the short side of the column section should not be greater than 30; 2 The diameter of the longitudinal steel reinforcements used for columns should not be less than 12mm with a quantity of nol less than 4 pieces. ‘The reinforcement ratio of all the longitudinal streesed steel reinforcements should not be less than 0.2% + 3 Placing hooping inside columns shall be determined on the basis of the following circumstances: 1) Where the reinforcement rate of the longitudinal steel reinforcements is greater than 0.25% and the axial force bore by column is greater than 25% design value of the compressive load-bearing capacity, hoping shall be placed inside columns. Where the reinforeement ratio is less than or equal to 0.25% , or the axial foree borne by column is less than 25% design value of the compressive load-bearing capacity, hooping may not be placed inside columns ; 2) The diameter of hooping should not be Jess than 6mm; 3)"The spacing of hooping shall neither be greater than 16 times of the diameter of longitudinal steel reinforcements, nor greater than 48 times of the diameter of hooping and shall not be greater than the minor dimension of the short side of the seetion of columns 4)Hooping shall be elosed up with hook made at its tomminals 5)Hooping shall be placed inside the mortar joint or grout. n10 Earthquake-resistant Design of Masonry Structural Members 10.1 General Stipulations 10.1.4 Masonry structure members in earthquake area, besides conforming to the requirements spec ified in Chapter 1~9, shall also be designed agninst earthquake as per the stipulation specified in this chapter. 10.1.2 The maximum height applicable for building designed against earthquake as per the stmuc- tural member of the shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry specified in this chapter should not be greater than the values given in Table 10.1.2. ‘Table 10.1.2 The maximum height applicable for the building with shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry (m) Minimum wall thickness Class 6 Class 7 Class 8 190mm 54 45, 30 Note:The hight of building means tho height from the outdoor grand surface to the cornices 2 Where the height of building exceeds the height given in the table, eflecive strengthening measures shall be adapted based on special study. 10.1.3 The earthquake-resistance design of the shear wall and wall beam constructed of the rein forced block masonry shall adopt the structural earthquake-resistance grades given in Table 10.1.3 on the basis of fortified intensity and building height and shall also conform to the carresponding calcula- tion and detailing requirements. Table 10.1.3 Classification of earthquake-resistant grades Fortified intensity Category of structure 6 7 8 Shear wall Height (mm) =m | >24 | am | >a | ert | >24 constructed af the earthquake reinfreed block resistant 4 3 3 2 2 1 nusonry ues Framework of Framevork-breced the bottom 3 2 1 wall beam storey Shear wal 3 2 7 nrNote: For earthquake-resistant grades 4, non-earthquake-resistance design, besides the stipulations in this chap- ter, shall be adopted; 2. Where near or equal to the height boundary, the earthquake-resistant grades muy be determined by com: bining the iregularity of building, the site and the foundation; 3° Where the structure of the shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry is of large space at the bottom, its earthquake-resistant eradles should be incrensed by one grade as appropriate based on the val- ues given in the above tuble. 10.1.4 earthquake deformation checking caleulation under the action of frequent earthquake shall be conducted for the structure of the shear wall constzueted of the reinforved block masonry. ‘The maximum elastic displacement angle between storeys within the floors should not exeeed 1/1000. 10.1.5 The load-bearing capacity of the section of the masonry structural member combined with the consideration of the earthquake action shall be divided by the earthquake-resistant adjustment coeffi- cient qe: for load-bearing capacity shich shall be taken as the values given in the following table, Table 10.1.5. Table 10.1.5 Rarthquake-resistant adjustment coefficient for the load-bearing eapacity ‘Type of structural member” Foree-surming status Tee Shear walls constructed of unreinforced, mesh-reinforced and hori Subjected to shearing 1.0 zontal reinforced brick masonry Shear alls cost of masny with ictal eons aloe | 09 columns placed at both terminals hearing " Conspesite brick wall, and shear walls constructed of the reinforced Eecentsic compression, | block masonry tension and shear ” ‘Selfbearing wall Subjected to shearing 0.75 Unreinforced brick wall ‘Eccentric compression 0.9 Compasite brick ecluran Eecentrie compression 0.85 Note:The shear wall addressed in this chapter means the seismic structural wall in the current national standard, “Code for Seismic Design of Buildings"GB 50011. 10.1.6 ‘The material of the structural members constructed of concrete blocks and stone masonry in the earthquake region shall conform to the following rules: 1. The strength grade of the mortar used for laying concrete blocks shall not be less than MbS.O, while the strength grade of the mortar used for laying in the shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry shall not be less than MbI0; 2 ‘The strength grade of the ashlars shall not be less than MU30, while the strength grade of the mortar used for laying shall not be less than MS. 7310.1.7 ‘The anchorage and joint of the streesed steel reinforcements configured for the structural member of the reinforced masonry combined with the consideration of the action of earthquake, conforming to the requirements specified im Clause 9 of this Code, shall also meet the following re- ides quirements: 1. The minimum anchorage length [,. of the vertical or longitudinal steel reinforcements shall be adopted as per the following, rules: Earthquake-resistant Grade 1 and 2 dye = 1. 150y (10.1.7-1) Earthquake-resistant Grade 3 dye = 10504 (10.1.7-2) Earthquake-resistant Grade + Lye = 1.01, (10.1.7-3) Where 1 ‘the anchorage length of the tensile steel reinforcements, which shall be determined as per the stipulations in Clause 9.4.3 2 Overlapping joint of the steel reinforcements is not less than 1.2/,-+ Sd for Earthquake-resis- tant Grade 1-2, while not less than 1.21, for Earthquake-resistant Grade 3-4. 10.1.8 Building with its masonry structure constructed of autoclaved lime sand bricks and autoclaved Qyash-lime bricks shall conform to the following rules: 1 The number of the storey of building and the setup position of, the structural column shall conform to the requirements given in Table 10.1.8, Structural requirements such as the section and reinforcement of the structural column shall conform to the stipulations in the cur- rent national norm, “Code for Seismic Design of Buildings"GB 50011. ‘Table 10.1.8 Sctup requirements for the structural column of the building constructed of autoclaved lime sand bricks and autoclaved flyash-lime bricks Numbers of storeys of building Class 6 | Class7 | Chass 8 Position of setup At the four corners of the external wall and of stairway or elevator 4-5 3-4 2-3 | room, at both sides of larger opening and at the intersection between the internal wall and the external wall of big room At the four corners of the external wall and of stairway or elevator room, at both sides of farger opening, at the intersection between the 6 5 4 | internal wall and the external wall of big room, at the intersection be- ‘tween gable and internal longitudinal wall and at the intersection between transverse wall (axial line) of bay and the external longitudinal wall ‘At the four-corners of te external wall and of stairway or elevator room, at both sides of larger opening, at the intersection between the internal wall and the external wall of big room and at the intersection between the internal wall (axial tine) and the transverse wall (axial line) 4(Continued) Numbers of storeys of building Position of setup Class 6 | Class7 | Class 8 ‘At both sides of larger opening, at all intersections hetween the trans- 8 7 6 | verse wall and the longitudinal wall, in addition, the spacing of the structural column should not be greater than 4. nm Nofe:‘The height of the storey of building should not be greater than 3m. 2 Where building is of 8 storeys of Class 6, 7 storeys of Class 7 and 6 storeys of Class 8, the reinforced concrete ring beam shall be placed on all the transverse and longitudinal walls at floor and roof, and the sectional size of the ring beam shall not be less than 240mm x 180mm, while the main bar of ring beam shall not be tess than 412, and its hooping shall be $6 with a spacing of 200mm. The setup and structural requirements of ring beam under other circum- stances shall conform to the stipulations in the current national standard, “Code for Seismic De sign of Buildings” GB 50011. 10.1.9 When earthquake-resistance design of structural member is conducted, the action of esrth- quake shall be calculated as per the stipulations in the current national standard, "Code for Seismic De- sign of Buildings"GB SOO11. 10.1.10 When earthquake-resisiance design is conducted for masonry structural member, the total height and mumber of storeys, ratio of height to width, structural system, spacing of earthquake-resis- lance transverse wall, limit value of local size, setup of seismic joint, and the structural measures of the structure of a building, besides meeting what is specified in this chapter, shall conform to the re- quirements in the current national standard, "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB SOOLI. 10.2 Unreinforced Masonry Members. 10.2.1 The earthquake-resistance loud-bearing capacity of the section of wull body constructed of fired common bricks, fired perforated bricks, autoclaved sand-lime brieks and autoclaved flyash-lime bricks and the section of wall body constructed of stones shall be computation-checked as per the fol- lowing formula: A veh (10.2.1) Yee Where ¥—design value of the shear of the wall body combined with the consideration of the action of earthquakes Fre—design value of the earthquake-resistance and shear strength of a masonry unit destructed along its stepped sections crea of the transverse section of the wall bodys earthquake-resistance adjustment coefficient for the load-bearing capacity. A Y RE 10.2.2. The earthquake-resistan load-bearing eapacity of the section of conerete blocks wall shall be computation-checked as per the following formula: 75Ves fied + (0.3fid,+0.05f,4,)E6] (10.2.2) Where fi —design value of the tensile strength at the axis of grout, which shall be adopted as per the current national standard “Code for Design of Concrete Structures” GB 50010; A.—tolal area of the section of grout or core columns fy Ay total area of the section of the steel reinforcements of the core column; ‘design value of the tensile strength of the steel reinforcements of the core column; £,-——factor of the core column participating into the work, which may be adopted as ‘Table 10,2.2, Note: When the core column and the stnxtural column are set yp simultaneously, the section of the structural col- ‘umn may be used as that of the core column, and the steel reinforcements of the structural column may be used that of the eore eoluma, ‘Table 10.2.2 Factor of the core column participating into the work Grout mate p p< 0.15 O.150.154, take 0.1543 while for extemal longitu- dinal wall, where A, >0.25A, take 0.254); fi—tesign value of the tensile strength of the concrete of structural column in the middle part, which shall be adopted as per the current national standard “Code for Design of Concrete structures” GB 50010; otal area of the section of the vertical steel reinforcements of the structural column in the middle part (the reinforcement ratio is not less than 0.6%; where this rate is greater than 1.4%, take 1.4%); {—actor of participating of the structural column in the middle part into work, where only one structural column is set in the middle, take 0.5; where more than one, take 0.43 Wo—restrained correetion factor of wall body, usually take 1.0; where the spacing between the structural columns is not greater than 2.8m, take 1.1. Ag 710.3.3 The earthquake-resistance lond-bearing eapacity of the composite brick column shall be eal- culated as per the stipulations specified in Chapter 8 of this Code, while the earthquake-resistance ad- justment coefficient of the load-bearing capacity shall be adopted as per Table 10.1.5. 10.3.4 The material and detailing of the horizontally reinforced brick wall shall conform to the fol- lowing requirements: 1 The strength grade of mortar shall not be less than M7.5, while the horizontal steel reinforce= iments should be the steel reinforcements of HPB235. and HRB3355 tal steel reinforcements shall not be less than 0.07% , and should not be greater than 0.17% , while the spacing between the horizontally distributing steel re~ inforcements shall not be greater than 400mms 3 The anchorage length of the terminal of horizontal stee! reinforcements that is projecting, into the perpendicular wall body should not be less than 300mm, while the anchorage length projected into the structural column should not be less than 180mm. 2. The reinforcement ratio of the hi 10.3.5 The material and detailing of the composite brick wall, besides conforming to the require ments of Clause 8.2.8, shall also meet the following requirements; 1 The strength grade of the concrete of structural column shall not be less than C20; 2 The vertical steel reinforcements used for structural column shall not be less than 4912 for middle column and not less than 4914 for side column and comer column; 3° The projection length into wall by the tie bar used for brick masonry and structural column should not be less than Im at each side. 10,4 Shearing Walls of Reinforced Block Masonry I Calculation on Load-bearing Capacity 10.4.1 The load-bearing capacity of the normal section of the shear wall of the reinforced block ma- sonry combined with the consideration of the action of earthquake shall be calculated as per the stipula~ tions in Chapter 9, but the resistant force of the shear wall shall be divided by the earthquale-resis- tance adjustment coefficient of the load-bearing eapacity 10.4.2 In calculating the load-bearing capacity of the shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry, the design value V, of the combined shear of the section located at the strengthened part of the bottom shall be adjusted as per the following rules: Earthquake-resistant Grade 1 V,= 1.6V (10.4,2-1) Earthquake-resistant Grade 2 Vue Lav (10.4.2-2) Earthquake-resistant Grade 3 Vy= 1.20 (10.4.2-3) Barthquake-resistant Grade 4 ¥,= 1.0V (10.4.2-4) Where V-—design value of the shear of the calculation section of the shear wall combined with the consideration of the action of earthquake 10.4.3 The section of the shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry shall conform to the following requirements: 781 Where ratio of sheur span to depth of the section is greater than 2 Wer! ‘0 2fgbh (10.4.3-1) 2 Where ratio of shear span to depih of ie section is less than or equal to 2, 1 Vy 70. 15h, bh 10.4. 3-2) S50 EVabl (10.4.3-2) 10.4.4 The sheared load-bearing capacity of the inclined section of the shear wall constructed of ec- centric compressive reinforced block masonry shall be calculated as per the tori formulas: 1 Wein zoa(o 48fgbhg + 0. row 4s) +0. ng A Me] (0.4.41) a (10.4.4-2) its Where fig —design value of the shear strength of masonry with grout, which may be adopted as per the stipulations in Clause 3.2.2 of this Codes M—design value of the bending moment of the calculation section of the shear wall combined with the consideration of the action of earthquake: V—design value of the shear of the calculation section of the shear wall combined with the consideration of the action of earthquakes design value of the axial force of the calculation section of the shear wall combined with the consideration of the action of earthquake, where N > 0. 2f,6h, take N=0.2f bh sectional area of the shear wall, of which the effective area of the flange may be cal- A culated as per the stipulations in Clause 9.2.55 Ay——seelional area of the web plate of the shear wall of T-section or [-section, take = A for rectangular sections A——ratio of shear span to depth of the calculation section, where A<<1.5, lake A= 1.55 where A=2.2, take A =2.23 Ag—total sectional area of the horizontal distributing steel reinforcements placed inside the same section; fyi———design value of the tensile strength of horizontal steel reinforcements; s—ventical spacing of horizontal distributing stee! reinforcements; Yaw 10.4.5 Shear wall of the masonry constructed of eccentric tensile reinforced blocks, of which the sheared load-bearing capacity of its inclined section shall be calculated as per the following formula: earthquake-resistant adjustment coefficient of the load-bearing capacity. Ves [yaaa 0-48%ebho 0.170 4) +0.724 4g] (10.4.5) Note: Where 0.48 fgbltg - 0.17 & <0, take 0.48 fibhig 0.17 Sahye 0. 10.4.6 ‘The bending load-bearing capacity of the normal section of the coupling wall-beam of the 719shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry may be calculated as per the relevant stipulations of bending member specified in the current national standard, “Code for Design of Concrete Structures” GB 50010. Where coupling wall-beam constructed of the reinforced block masonry is adopted, corre- sponding calculation parameter and index shall be adopted. ‘The load-bearing capacity of the normal section of the coupling wall-beam shall be divided by the corresponding Earthquake-resislant adjust- ment coefficient of lood-bearing capacity. 10.4.7 ‘The shear design value of the coupling wall-beam the shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry, where the earthquake-resistant Grade is of Gmide 1, Grade 2 or Grade 3, shall be com rected as per the following formula (where it is of Grade 4, correction may not need): Mam Wen et Mb Vy (10.4.7) Where Vj——design value of the shear of the coupling wall-beams ‘Jy—magnilying factor of the shear, where it is of Grade 1, take 1.35 Level 2, take 1.2s and Grade 3, take 1.15 M\,, Mi—design value of the bending moment of the right and left terminals of the beam com= bined with the consideration of the action of earthquake; Vcy——design value of the sectional shear calculated as per free beam under the action of the representative value of the gravity loads 1-—net span of the coupling wall-beam. 10.4.8 ‘The section of the coupling wall-beam of the shear wall constructed of the reinforeed block masonry shall conform to the following requirements: 1 Where ratio of span to height is greater than 2.5, 1 rc - Vos Fuh Fado) (10.4.8-1) 2 Where ratio of span to height is less than or equal to 2.5, 1 Vise 5 (0-15, bia) (10.4.8-2) 10.4.9 The sheared load-bearing capacity of the inclined section of the coupling wall-beam of the shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry shall be calculated as per the following formulas: 1 Where ratio of span to height is greater than 2.5, 1 Ay, Yass zte(0.64/gbt + 0.8/5.9) (10.4.9-1) 2 Where ratio of span to height is less than or equal to 2.5, 1 Ay Yaz (0.56fgblo + 0.74 42%) (10.4.9-2) Where A,,——~total sectional area of all the branches of the hooping placed inside the same section; fo7—design value of the tensile strength of the hooping, Note: Where the ratfo of span to height ofthe coupling wall-beam is greetes than should be adopted. + conerete coupling wall-bearn 80IL Measures for Structures 10.4.10 The thickness of the shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry shall not be less than 1/20 height of the storey for shear wall of Earthquake-resistant Grade 1, while not less than 1/25 height of the storey for shear wall of Earthquake-resistant Grade 2, 3 and 4, and shall not be less than 190mm. 10.4.11 The horizontal and vertical distributing reinforcing bar of the shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry shall conform to the requirements of Tables 10.4. 11-1 and 10.4.11-2, while the height of the strengthening zone at the bottom of the shear wall is not less than 1/6 height of building and shall not be less than the height of two storeys. ‘Table 10.4.11-1 Detailing reinforcement of the horizontal distributing reinforcing bar of Ue shear wall ‘Minimum reinforcement ratio (%) Earthquake-resistant Masimom Minimum Grade Ordinary Strengthened spacing (mm) | diameter (ram) position position Grade 1 0.13 0.13 400 98 Grade 2 ou 0.43 600, $8 Grade 3 ou on 600, 6 Grade 4 0.07 0.10 600 66 ‘Table 10.4.11-2 Detailing reinforcement of the vertical distributing reinforeing bar of dhe shear wall . Mininmun reinforcement ratio (% ) . Grude Ovainary Strengthened spacing (mm) | diameter (mm) position position Grade 1 0.13 0.13 400 oz Grade 2 0.11 0.13 60 giz Grade 3 0.11 on 60 gz Grade 4 0.07 0.10 600, $12 10.4.12 Setup of the steel reinforcements of the marginal members of the shear wall con- structed of the reinforced block masonry, besides conforming to the stipulations given in Clause 9.4.11, shall also be in accordance with the stipulations given in Table 10.4,12 where the com- pressive stress of the shear wall is greater than 0.5/,. ‘Table 10.4.12 Detailing reinforcement of the marginal member of the shear wall Earthquake-resistant | Strengthening zone oe Diameter and spacing of Other position oe Grade at bottom Ihooping or tie bar Grade 1 3420 (4916) 3G18 (4916) $8200 Grade 2 3618 (416) 3616 (4914) $8@200 Grade 3 3p ld (4912) Spl (4912) $6200 Grade 4 3912 (412) 3012 (412) 62200 Note: The values in the parentheses of the above table mean the reinforcement used for the concrete ¢ol- umn, 8110.4.13 The layout of the shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry shall meet the fol- lowing requirements 1 The planar form should be simple and regular, and its unsmoothness should not be too great. ‘The vertical arrangement should be regular and even, and avoid too much raise outward and indent inwards 2 The shear walls in the transverse and the longitudinal directions should be connected through and aligned. Longer shear wall may be separated through the use of the floor slab or weak coupling beam into a number of independent wall parts. ‘The ratio of the total height to lenglh for each indepen- dent wall part should not be less than 2; 3 Opening of the door and window of the shear wall should be aligned vertically and set in trains; 4 = The sectional height of the minor coupling wall-column of the shear wall should neither be less than 3 times of the wall thickness, nor less than 600mm, and the reinforcement of the minor coupling wall-colurm of the shear wall shall meet the requirements in Table 10.4.12. ‘The ratio of the axial 1o compression of the minor coupling wall-column of the shear wall of Grade 1 should not be greater than 0.5, and of Grade 2 and 3 should not be greater than 0.6; 5 Shear wall of the single branch and the shear wall connected with the weak coupling wall- beam should meet under the action of the gravitety load the requirements that the mean ratio of the axial to compression of the wall body N/f,A. is not greater than 0.5. 10.4.14 The horizontal distributing steel reinforcements or mesh slices of the shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry should be placed continuously along the wall length, and its anchorage and overlapping requirements, besides meeting the stipulations in ‘Clause 9.4.5, shall also conform to the following rules: 1 Horizontal distributing sieel reinforcements may be bent into hooks of 180° around the major steel reinforcements at the terminal, and the length of the straight part at its terminal of the hooks should not be less than 12d. Such reinforcing bar may also be perpendicularly bent into the grout at the terminal so as to make anchorage. ‘The length of the bent part shall not be less than 250mm for earthquake-resistant Grade 1 and 2, and not less than 200mm for earthquake-resistant Grade 3 and 4; 2 Where welded mesh slices are adopted as the horizontal steel reinforcements of the shear wall, two pieces of transverse steel reinforcements with their diameter being identical to that of the shearing steel reinforcements shall be additionally welded on the bent terminal of the mesh slices, while the bent length into the grout shall not be less than 150mm. 10.4.15 ‘The structure of the coupling wall-beam of the shear wall constructed of the reinforced block masonry, where conerele coupling wall-beam is adopted, shall meet the stipulations in Clause 9.4.12 and meet the structural requirements regarding the coupling beam in the earthquake area specified in the current national stondard, “Code for Design of Concrete Structures"GB 50010. Where coupling wall-beam constructed of the reinforced block masonry is adopted, the structure, besides meeting the stipulations in Clause 9.4.13, shall also conform to the following rules: 821 The length of the anchorage into wall body of the horizontal steel reinforcements used above and underneath the coupling wall-beam shall not be less than 1.11, for earthquake-resistant Grade 1 and 2; and shall not be less than 7, for earthquake-resistant Grade 3 and 4, and not less than 600mm as well; 2 The hooping of the coupling wall-beam shall be placed along the beam length and shall meet the requirements in Table 10.4. 15; Table 10.4.15 Detailing requirements of the hooping of coupling wall-beam thqkesesitnt Densifed zone of haoping ‘Non-densfiedl zone of hooping Grade Length | S88 KPPE | Dicer | SPIE Diameter (nm) (mm) Gride 1 2h 100 ho | 20 #10 Grate 2 15h 200 #8 200 $8 Grade 3 15h 200 $8 200 $8 Gmde 4 15h 200 o 200 $8 Note: 4 is the height of the section of the coupling wall-beam. ‘The length of the densified zone shall not be less than 600. ~ 3° Structural hooping, within the range of the length of the stecl reinforcements projected by coupling wall-beam al the top storey into wall body, shall be placed with its spacing not greater than 200mm. The diameter of such structural hooping shall be the same with that of the hooping used for coupling wall-beam; 4 Coupling wall-beam with its ratio of span to height less than 2.5, within the range of 200mm from the beam bottom to 200mm below the beam lop, shall be placed with extra horizontal distributing steel reinforcements every 200mm, Where it is of Earthquake-resistant Grade 1, the bar shall not be less than 2612, while it is of earthquake-resistant Grade 2~ 4, shall be 2610. The length of the pro- jection by the horizontal distributing steel reinforcements into wall body shall not be less than 30d and 300mm respectively: 5 The coupling wall-beam is not suitable for opening hole Where il is necessary to make open- ing, steel casing with its extemal diameter not greater than 200mm shall be pre-embedded at 1/3 height of the beam in the middle of a span, and the vertical effective height of opening shall not be less than 1/3 beam height and shall not be less than 200mm as well. Al the opening, extra strengthening reinforcing bar shall be placed and cast with grout around the opening, and the weakened section at the opening shall be provided with computation-checking for its shearing load-bearing capacity. 10.4.16 ‘The structure of the masonry column constructed of reinforced blocks, besides meeting the stipulations in Clause 9.4.14, shall also conform to the following requirements: 1. The diameter of the longitudinal stee! reinforcements shall not be less than 12mm and the re- inforcement rate of the total longitudinal steel reinforcements shall not be less than 0.4% 5 2 The diameter of hooping shall not be less than 6mum, and shall not be less than 1/4 diameter of the longitudinal reinforeing bar. Whereas the spacing of hooping shall meet the following require 83menls: 1) For column that produces axial force due to the action of earthquake, its hoaping spac- ing should not be greater than 200mm; 2) For column that does not produce axial foree due to the action of earthquake, its hooping spacing, within the range of the greater value among 1/6 height between the top and the hottom of the column, and the size of the longer side of the section of column as welll as 450mm, should not be greater than 200mm, while for other positions, this spacing should not be greater than the minor value among 16 times of the diameter of the longi- tudinal reinforcing bar, 48 times of the hooping diameter and the size of the short side of the section of column; 3° The hook ut the terminal of hooping or the tie bars shall not be less than 135°. 10.4.17 ‘The transverse supporting spacing of the self-bearing leaf wall of the cavity wall filled with insulation should meet the following rules: 1 not greater than 3m for Class 8 and 95 2 not greater than 6mm for Class 75 3° not greater than 9m for Class 6. 10.4.18 On-site cast reinforced concrete structure should be adopted for the floor or roof of the building with shear walls constructed of the reinforced block masonry. Where it is of Barthquake-resis- tant Grade 4, assembled monolithic reinforced concrete floor may also be adopted. 10.4.19 Reinforced concrete ring beams shall be placed at the floor or roof of the building with shear walls constructed of the reinforced block masonry as per the following rules: 1 The strength grade of the concrete of the ring beam should not be less than 2 times of the strength grade of the blocks or should not be less than the strength grade of the grout used for the same storey, and shall not be less than C20; 2 The width of the ring beam should be the wall thickness and its height should be less than 200mm, while the diameter of the longitudinal stee! reinforcements shall not be fess than that of the horizontal distributing steel reinforcements inside the wall and should not be Jess than 4912, whereas the hooping diameter shall not be less than $6 and its spacing shall not be greater than 200mm. 10.4.20 ‘The streesed steel reinforcements at the intersection between the foundation and shear wall of the building with shear wall constructed of reinforced block masonry should be mechanically connect ed or welded where the building height exceeds 50m or of earthquake-resistant Grade 1, while in other conditions, overlapping can be adopted. Where overlapping is used, the overlapping length should not be less than 50d for earthquake-resistant Grade 1 and 2, while for earthquake-resistant Grade 3 and 4, not less than 40d (where d is the diameter of the streesed steel reinforcements) . 10.5 Wall Beams 10.5.1 The storey numbers and the height of the building with framework-supporting wall beams of earthquake-resistance wall (structural Wall) placed at the bottom storey shall conform to the require- 84ments stated in Clauses 7.1.2 and 7.1.3 of the current national norm, “Code for Seismic Design of Buildings” GB SO011. 10.5.2 The bottom storey of the building with framework-supporting wall beams shall be placed with certain amount of earthquake-resistance walls along the longitudinal and transverse directions, and these walls shall be evenly and symmetrically or basically evenly and symmetrically arranged. ‘The spacing of the earthquake-resistence walls shall not exceed the requirements stated in Table 7.1.5 of the current national standard, “Code for Seismic Design of Buildings"GB 50011. For Class 6 and 7 and building with framevork-supporting wall beams with its total storeys not exceeding 5 storeys, it is per- mitted to use earthquake-resistance wall of masonry embedded between frameworks; for other situa tions, earthquake-resistance wall of concrete shall he adopted. ‘The ratio of the longitudinal direction to the transverse direction and the ratio of the lateral stiffness of the second storey to the botiom storey of the building with framework-supporting wall beam shall not be greater than 2.5 for Class 6 and 7, not be greater than 2.0 for Class 8, and all of them shall not be less than 1.0. 10.5.3 ‘The load-bearing wall of the upper storey with [ramework-supparting wall beam shall he placed longitudinal and transverse on the basis of the bottom framework and the axial line of the earth- quake-resistance wall, vertically aligned and evenly distributed, so as to make the rigid center of the storeys approaching to the enter of mass. Conerele structural column shall be placed above the fsume- work column and at the intersection between the longitudinal and transverse walls inside the wall body, and its section and reinforcement of the column shall conform to the requirements stated in the current national standard, “Code for Seismic Design of Buildings” GB SOO1L. At the joist of the framework supporting wall beam, on-site cast conorete floor shall be adopted with the floor thickness not less than 120mm. On-site cast concrete ring beam shall be placed at the elevation of a joist and the elevation of the upper-storey wall topping, while for floors on other storeys, assembled monolithic floor may be adopted, and also, on-site cast conerele ring beam shall be placed along the longitudinal and the transverse bearing walls. 10.5.4 For earthquake-resistance calculation of the building with framework-supporting wall beam, equivalant base shear method may be adopted. ‘The design value of the longitudinal and transverse earthquake shear at the bottom shall be all multiplied by a magnifying factor, of which the value is per mitted to be selected within the range of 1.2 to 1.5 on the basis of the magnitude of the ratio of the Jat~ eral stiffness of the second storey to that of the bottom storey. ‘The design value of the longitudinal and. the transverse earthquake shear of the bottom storey shall be completely bme by the earthquake- resistance walls in such directions and shall be shared prorata based on the lateral stiffness of the earth- quake-resistance walls. 10.5.5 The design value of the earthquake shear borne by the framework column at the bot- tom may be shared and determined prorata on the basis of the effective stiffness of members for resistance to lateral force. Where value is taken for effective lateral stiffness, framework shall not be reduced, while earthquake-resistance wall of concrete may be multiplied by a reduction coefficient 0.3 and earthquake-resistance wall of masonry may be multiplied by a reduction co- efficient 0.2. Framework column shall be counted as additional axial force resulted from the 85overturning moment of the earthquake; at this time, the framework wall beam may be deemed as stiffness. The overturning moment of the earthquake borne by the members at the bottom may be approximately shared and determined prorata on the basis of the lateral stiffness of the earthquake-resistance wall and framework at the bottom. 10.5.6 The internal force of the framework-supporting wall beam resulted from the represen- tative value of the graviry load shall be calculated as per the relevant stipulations in Clause 7.3 of this Code, Whereas, the typical value itself of the gravitational load shall be calculated as per the relevant stipulations in Clause 3.1.3 of the current national standard, “Code for Seismic Design of Buildings”GB 50011. However, the bending moment factor ay and the shear factor B, of the joist shall be magnified. Where it is of earthquake-resistant Grade 1, the magnifying factor shall be taken as 1.10; where it is of earthquake-resistant Grade 2, the magnifying fac- tor shall be taken as 1.05; where it is of Grade 3, the magnifying factor shall be taken as 1.0. 10.5.7 In caleulating the bending moment at the column end resulted from the earthquake shear of the bottom framework, it is possible to take 0.55 time of the column height which is from the reversed bending point of the column to the bottom of the eolumn. 10.5.8 The earthquake-resistance load-bearing capacity of the section of a wall body within the range of the calculation height of the upper part of the framework-supporting wall beam shall be caleu~ lated as per the stipulations specified in Clauses 10.2 and 10.3, but the value on the right side of the formula shall be multiplied by reduetion coefficient 0.9. 10.5.9 ‘The strength grade of the concrete of the framework column, earthquake-resistance wall and joist of the framework-supporting wall beam shall not be less than C30, while the strength grade of the mortar used for the wall body of the upper storey of the joist shall not be less than MIO, and for other walls, this grade shall not be less than M5. 10.5.10 ‘The joist of the framework-supporting wall bear shall conform to the following detailing re- quirements: 1. The width of section of joist shall not be less than 300mm and the height of section shall not be less than 1/10 span, whereas the net span should not be less than 4 times of the section height. ‘Where opening is made on the wall near the beam end, the height of the beam seetion should not be Jess than 1/8 span and should not be grester than 1/6 span as well; 2 The longitudinal steel reinforcements located at the bottom of each span of the joist shall be placed with consecutive length and may not be bent in the middle of the span or cut. ‘The anchorage length projected into the abutment shall not be less than the minimum anchorage length lar of the ten- sile steel reinforcements, while the projection through the centerline shall not be less than Sd. The steel reinforcements shall be mechanically connected or jointed by welding. No overlapping joint is per- mitted. The longitudinal steel seinforcements of the upper past of the joist shall pass through the middle node and its horizontal projection length of the bent anchorage at the terminal node shall not be less than 0.4 Ip while the perpendicular projection length shall not be less than 15d 3 The height of the compressive zone on the section of a joist shall conform to the requirement that «<0.25hp for earthquake-resistant Grade 1 and x <0.35h for earthquake-resistant Grade 2 and 86