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8. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

1. Anaplerotic reactions are those that result in a) Aerobically, oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
replenishing intermediates in the TCA cycle. Which of forms acetate that enters the citric acid cycle.
the following enzymes does not catalyze an anaplerotic b) In anaerobic muscle, pyruvate is converted to lactate.
reaction? c) Reduction of pyruvate to lactate generates a coenzyme
a) Malate dehydrogenase essential for Glycolysis.
b) Pyruvate carboxylase d) Under anaerobic conditions pyruvate does not form
c) Pyruvate kinase because Glycolysis does not occur.
d) Citrate synthase
9. Which of the following apoproteins is an activator of
1. The synthesis of HMG Co A can take place: lipoprotein lipase?
a) Only in mitochondria a) Apo A
b) Only in cytoplasm of all nucleated mammalian cells b) Apo B
c) In the endoplasmic reticulum of all mammalian cells c) Apo C II
d) In both cytosol and mitochondria. e) Apo E

3. Which of the followings is not an intermediate of the 11. Animals cannot convert fatty acids into glucose
citric acid cycle? because:
a) Acetoacetate a) acetyl CoA can not be converted to pyruvate
b) Citrate b) absence of malate synthase
c) Oxalosuccinate c) absence of dehydrogenase
d) Succinyl-CoA d) absence of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

4. Hexokinase activity in glycolysis is inhibited by: 12. A 40- year-old man presents with severe pain in the
a) glucose 6- phosphate legs upon walking. He is diagnosed with atherosclerotic
b) fructose 6-phosphate plaques in the arteries of his legs. High level of
c) fructose 1,6 biphosphate cholesterol and LDL contribute to the formation of
d) phosphofructokinase atherosclerosis. Which of the following is digested to
form LDL?
5. Under aerobic condition pyruvate is converted by
pyruvate dehydrogenase to: a) IDL
a) phosphoenol pyruvate b) Chylomicrons
b) acetyl CoA c) HDL
c) lactate d) Cholesteryl esters
d) glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate
12. A 35 year-old woman presents with crushing
6. The steps of Glycolysis between glyceraldehyde 3- substernal chest pain and shortness of breath. A coronary
phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate involve some of the artery is occluded due to an atherosclerotic plaque, and
following: she is diagnosed with having myocardial infarction. Her
serum cholesterol level is 700 mg/dl. The family history
a) ATP synthesis. is positive for high cholesterol level and she seems to be
b) Catalysis by phosphoglycerate kinase. having familial hypercholesterolemia. What is the
c) Oxidation of NADH to NAD+. possible biochemical defect in this genetic disorder?
d) The formation of 1, 3- bisphosphoglycerate
a) High activity of HMG Co A reductase
7. Under aerobic condition pyruvate is converted by b) Low activity of 7- hydroxylase
pyruvate dehydrogenase to: c) Abnormal LDL receptors
a) phosphoenol pyruvate d) More conversion of VLDL to LDL
b) acetyl CoA
c) lactate 13. The synthesis of all of the following compounds
d) glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate except one is deficient in a patient suffering from
Phenylketonuria:

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a) Melanin b) Glutamine synthesis

b) Melatonin c) Glutamate synthesis
c) Catecholamines d) Asparagine formation
d) Thyroid hormone
20. Synthesis of fatty acid takes place when:
14. In a 55- year-old man, who has been diagnosed with a) fatty acid are plentiful
cirrhosis of liver, Ammonia is not getting detoxified and b) carbohydrate is plentiful
can damage brain. Which of the following amino acids c) carbohydrate and energy are plentiful
can covalently bind ammonia, transport and store in a d) none of these
non toxic form?
a) Aspartate 21. Which of the following is a common compound
b) Glutamate shared by the TCA cycle and the Urea cycle?
c) Serine a) - Keto glutarate
d) Cysteine b) Succinyl co A
c) Oxalo acetate
15. A 60 -year-old woman presents with chest pain d) Fumarate
radiating to her left arm. She is diagnosed with
Myocardial infarction and is prescribed a statin 22. Histamine, a chemical mediator of allergies and
medication. Statins inhibit HMG Co A reductase. How anaphylaxis, is synthesized from amino acid Histidine
does inhibition of HMG Co A reductase cause lowering by which of the following processes?
of cholesterol and LDL levels? a) Deamination
a) It increase serum level of HDL b) Decarboxylation
b) It decreases serum level of LDL by promoting c) Transamination
catabolism d) Dehydrogenation
c) It inhibits the formation of LDL from IDL
d) It inhibits the rate limiting step in cholesterol 23. Potential uses of tumor markers:
biosynthesis a) Population Screening
b) Diagnosis
16. Fatty acids break down of eukaryotes occurs in: c) Establishing prognosis, staging
a) mitochondrial matrix d) Preoperatory evaluation: access the radicality of the
b) cell membrane surgery
c) cytosol
d) endoplasmic reticulum 24. The synthesis of which of the following compounds
is deficient in a patient suffering from
17. Cholestrol is the precursor of: Hydroxylation of Phenyl Alanine to Tyrosine requires:
a) steroid hormones a) Glutathione
b) vitamin A b) Tetra hydrobiopterin
c) bile salts c) Molecular oxygen
d) vitamin B12 d) NADPH

18. How many ATP molecules can be derived from each 25. Dopamine is synthesized from which of the
molecule of acetyl CoA that enters the Krebs Cycle? following amino acids?
a) Tyrosine
a) 6 b) Tryptophan
b) 12 c) Histidine
c) 18 d) Methionine
d) 38
26. Which out of the following statements about
19. The first line of defence in brain in conditions of Glutamate dehydrogenase is incorrect?
hyperammonemia is:
a) Required for transamination reactions
a) Urea formation b) Universally present in all the cells of the body

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c) Can utilize either of NAD+ /NADP+ d) egg maturation and menstrual cycle control
d) Catalyzes conversion of glutamate to glutamine
34. Weakened bones can result from an over-secretion of
27. The inputs to one cycle of the urea cycle are: the:
a) 1 molecule of aspartic acid, 1 molecule of ammonia,
1 molecule of carbon dioxide, 3 molecules of ATP a) thyroid gland.
b) 1 molecule of urea, 1 molecule of ammonia, 3 b) parathyroid gland.
molecules of ATP and 1 molecule of fumaric acid c) pancreas.
c) 1 molecule of fumaric acid, 1 molecule of urea, 3 d) adrenal gland.
molecules of AMP
d) None of the above 35. Which of the following statements is NOT true about
diabetes mellitus?
28. Anti-cancer role of p53 consists in:
a) Activates DNA repair proteins a) Type II diabetes is much more common than type I.
b) Inhibits DNA repair proteins b) Insulin injections are required in both type I and
c) Holds the cell cycle at G1/S type II diabetes.
d) Initiates apoptosis c) Type I diabetes occurs as a result of destruction of
the insulin-producing cells.
29. In a patient suffering from Cystinuria, which out d) One method of treating type II diabetes is exercise
of the following amino acids is not seen in urine of and a low-fat, low-sugar diet.
affected patients?
a) Arginine 36. Following statements are true:
b) Methionine
c) Lysine a) Promoting agents are not carcinogenic per se
d) Ornithine b) Promoting agents can promote cancer after very
small doses of initiating agent
30. An example of a hormone signal that acts locally c) Promoting agents can promote cancer only after
between adjacent cells is: very large doses of initiating agent
a) insulin d) Promoting agents can wake tumors up long time
b) growth hormone after administration of initiating agent
c) pheromones
d) prostaglandins 37. A 65- year old patient presents with weight loss,
loss of appetite, dull dragging pain in the right
31. Which statement is true about non-steroid (peptide) hypochondrium and jaundice from the last 1 month.
hormones? Stool is reported to be clay colored from the same
duration. Blood biochemistry reveals Conjugated
a) They bind to receptors on the cell surface hyperbilirubinemia. Urine shows the presence of
b) They form cyclic AMP inside the cell bilirubin. The patient has been diagnosed with
c) They create an enzyme cascade effect carcinoma of head of the pancreas. Which serum
d) They enter the cell in order to have an effect enzyme is expected to be much higher than normal for
this patient?
32. The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary via:
a) nerve stimulation a) ALT (Alanine amino transferase)
b) blood osmotic concentrations b) GT ( glutamil transferase)
c) blood glucose concentrations c) LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase)
d) releasing hormones d) AST (Aspartate amino transferase)

33. Which is an effect of the hormone estrogen? 38. Which of the following statements is correct?

a) accumulation of a fat layer beneath the skin a) Aerobically, oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
b) pelvic girdle grows wider forms acetate that enters the citric acid cycle.
c) breast development b) In anaerobic muscle, pyruvate is converted to lactate.

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c) Reduction of pyruvate to lactate g enerates a

coenzyme essential for Glycolysis.
d) Under anaerobic conditions pyruvate does not form
because Glycolysis does not occur.

39. The diet of a child suffering from Maple syrup urine

disease (an amino acid disorder), should be low, in
which out of the following amino acids content?

a) Branched chain amino acids

b) Phenylalanine Alanine
c) Methionine
d) Tryptophan

40. A 10 -year-old boy develops convulsions. After

running an Electroencephalogram (EEG), a neurologist
determines that the child has epilepsy. He is started on
benzodiazepine which promotes the activity of GABA.
GABA is derived from Glutamate by which of the
following reactions?

a) Transamination
b) Decarboxylation
c) Deamination
d) Dehydrogenation