COLEGIO DISTRITAL DELIA ZAPATA OLIVELLA

“Educamos a través del Arte”

Cycle Three Social Studies

ROTATION MOVEMENT: It is the one which describes the Earth spinning around an imaginary axis, eastbound.

Rotation movement

The axis of rotation is tilted with respect to the plane of the orbit that describes the Earth around the sun.

The day, the night and the hours

The rotary motion produces a succession of day and night, as well as the time difference between some areas of
the Earth.

As the Earth is spherical it is only illuminated on the face opposite to the sun. As it is turning on itself, the lighted face
is not always the same. So the illuminated part (day) and the dark part (night) are constantly shifting.

Principal consequences of the rotation movement:

• Day and the night

• A uniform insolation of the Earth

TRASLATION MOVEMENT: It is the one that the Earth accomplishes around the Sun. It describes an elliptical orbit of
93 million km, maintaining a speed of 29.8 km / seconds.

Principal consequences of the traslation movement:

A year: In this tour the Earth spends 365 days and 6 hours. Those 6 hours which are accumulated each year, after 4
years, they are 24 (one day). Each four years there is one that has 366 days, called leap year. The planet that
determines the Earth's orbit is called the ecliptic circle and is the maximum that the Earth describes in its movement
around the Sun.

The seasons: The translation movement causes the four seasons. The stations are determined by the tilt of the
earth's axis on the ecliptic. According to the position of the sun-earth connection, some areas receive more solar
radiation than others.

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“Educamos a través del Arte”

The change of the seasons

The seasons are changing alternately by which hemisphere is closer to the sun. When the northern hemisphere is
the farthest from the sun, it will be winter, while simultaneously, the southern hemisphere is closer and then it is
summer there.

There are 4 key positions in the movement of translation: Spring and Autumn (equinoxes) and Summer and Winter
(solstices).

• During the Spring equinox (March 21), in the northern hemisphere is Spring and in the Southern
Hemisphere is Autumn.

• During the Autumn equinox (Sept. 23), in the northern hemisphere is Autumn and in the Southern
Hemisphere is Spring.

• During the Winter solstice (Dec. 22) in the northern hemisphere is winter and in the south is Summer.

• During the Summer solstice (June 21), in the Northern hemisphere is Summer and in the south is Winter.

Another effect of the inclination of the axis of the Earth on the ecliptic is the different duration of the day and
the night, as Summer or Winter

Movement Precession: Precession of the equinoxes, is due to precession of the Earth caused by the torque
exerted by the Earth-Sun system as a function of the tilt of Earth's rotation axis with respect to the Sun (approximately
23.43 °).

The Earth's axis tilt varies with frequency uncertain since it depends (among other causes) of earthquakes. In February
2010, there was a change in the Earth's axis of approximately 8 cm, because of 8.8 ° Richter earthquake that hit Chile.
While the earthquake and subsequent tsunami that hit Southeast Asia in 2004, shifted the Earth's axis 17.8 inches.

Because of this, the duration of one complete revolution of precession is never exact, however, scientists have
estimated an approximate range of between 25 700 and 25 900 years. This cycle is called Platonic year.

Movement Nutation: This happens with any symmetrical or spheroid body spinning on its axis, a spin is a good
example, because when it falls begins precession. As a result of the movement of fall, the pick of the top rests on the
ground with more force, so that increases the vertical reaction force, which eventually will become greater than
weight. When this happens, the center of mass of the top begins to accelerate upward. The process is repeated, and
the movement consists of a precession accompanied by an oscillation of the rotation axis downward and upward,
which is called nutation.

In the case of Earth, the nutation is the periodic oscillation of the pole of the Earth around its average position in the
celestial sphere due to external forces of gravitational attraction between the Moon and the Sun to the Earth. This
oscillation is similar to the movement of a spinning top (spin) when it loses strength and is about to fall.

The Earth moves about nine seconds of arc every 18.6 years, which means that in a full circle of precession, the Earth
will have made 1385 loops.

Ciclo Tres Ciencias Sociales

Cycle Three Social Studies

Sede Administrativa Cll 144C # 141ª – 51 Tel 689 76 37

Sede B Cll 143B # 147ª – 12 Tel 5356387Email coldeliazapataolive@redp.edu.co
 COLEGIO DISTRITAL DELIA ZAPATA OLIVELLA
“Educamos a través del Arte”
Actividad
Activity

1. Write in your notebook the text, in English, about the

1. Escribe en tu cuaderno el texto, en inglés, sobre
movements of the Earth
los movimientos de la Tierra
2. Search the dictionary for unfamiliar words,
translate them and write in your notebook 2 Buscar en el diccionario de palabras
desconocidas, traducirlas y escribirlas en el
cuaderno
3. Write the translation of the text in your
Notebook
3. Escribir la traducción del texto en su Cuaderno
4. Create a puzzle with the words: rotation,
4. Crea una sopa de letras con las palabras:
translation, Equinox, Solstice, Precession, Nutation
rotación, traslación, Equinoccio, Solsticio, Precesión,
Nutación.

Nestor Javier Leon Salamanca

Bachelor of Social Science UPN
Teaching Historical Thinking Cycle Three CDZO

Sede Administrativa Cll 144C # 141ª – 51 Tel 689 76 37

Sede B Cll 143B # 147ª – 12 Tel 5356387Email coldeliazapataolive@redp.edu.co