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Hng dn s dng SPSS
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HNG DN S DNG SPSS

NG DNG TRONG
NGHIN CU MARKETING
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L Vn Huy, Ph.D Candidate (2007 ) Danang University of Economics, Email: huy.lv@due.edu.vn
Hng dn s dng SPSS
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NG DNG TIN HC VO PHN TCH D LIU TRONG NGHIN CU

MARKETING
Ngy nay, vic ng dng tin hc phn tch d liu trong nghin cu marketing l ht sc ph
bin. C mt s phn mm c s dng phn tch d liu trong nghin nghin marketing,
mi loi u c nhng u nhc im nht nh. Do vy, cn xc nh phn mm no c s
dng trong qu trnh phn tch t c hiu qu cao nht.
Trong khun kh hc phn ny, chng ti s gii thiu phn mm SPSS FOR WINDOWS
(Statistical Package for Social Sciences) phn tch d liu. u im ca phn mm ny l tnh
a nng v mm do trong vic lp cc bng phn tch, s dng cc m hnh phn tch ng thi
loi b mt s cng on (bc) khng cn thit m mt s phn mm khc gp phi.
t c kt qu nh mong mun, cn phi:
- Nm vng mc tiu nghin cu d n
- Nm vng v tun th nhng cam kt ca d n v thi gian, chi ph, ngun nhn lc...
Trn c s xc nh bng cu hi v m hnh phn tch (k hoch phn tch d liu), qu trnh
nhp liu v phn tch c th thng qua mt s cng on nh sau:
NHP LIU:
Giao din nhp liu
Kch hot SPSS, chng ta thy giao din ca SPSS nh sau:
hoc:
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Trong :
+ Variable Name: tn bin (di 8 k t v khng c k t c bit)
+ Type: kiu ca b m ha
+ Labels: nhn ca bin, trong phn ny chng ta c th nhp nhiu gi tr ca nhn ph hp vi
thit k ca bng cu hi. Sau khi nhp xong mi tr ca m ho, nhn Add lu li cc gi tr
trn.
+ Value: Gi tr ca tng gi tr m ha (value) tng ng vi nhn gi tr (value label) ca n.
+ Missing: k hiu cu tr li ng ra phi tr li nhng b b qua (li), ch l gi tr ny phi
c nt c th ring bit so vi gi tr khc d dng phn bit trong qu trnh tnh ton.
+ Column: thit t ln ca ct mang tn bin v v tr nhp liu ca bin ny.
+Measure: thang o lng. Trn c s 4 cp thang o lng (biu danh, th t, khong cch
v t l), SPSS s phn ra thnh 3 thang o (biu danh (nominal), th t (ordinal) v scale
(khong cch v t l).
Mt s ch khi nhp liu
Nhp gi tr khuyt
Trong qu trnh phng vn, c nhng cu hi m ng ra c c phng vn phi tr li cu
hi , tuy nhin, do mt s nguyn nhn, ngi c phng vn b qua mt hoc vi cu hi
(hoc cu tr li) gi l gi tr khuyt.
m bo thng tin trong qu trnh phn tch, chng ta cn phi nh ngha nhng gi tr ny
nh sau: Nhn Missing - Hp hi thoi Missing Values xut hin.
- Nhn Discrecte missing values, t cc tr missing values vo cc trng, tr c nhp ti
cc trng s i din cho nhng gi tr khuyt.
- Chng ta c th nh ngha cc gi tr khuyt theo mt khong gi tr no bng cc nhn v
nhp liu vo Range plus one optional discrete missing value.
- Tt c cc gi tr khuyt s khng tham gia vo qu trnh phn tch.
Chn mt bin mi hoc bng ghi mi

- Nhn Data/Insert Variable
- Nhn Data/Insert Case
- Tm n bng ghi cn thit: Go to Case
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Sp xp bng ghi
- Nhn Sort Case
- Sp xp theo bin ti Sort by vi chiu tng (Ascending) hoc gim (Descending)
Bin mt bin thnh mt bng ghi

- Nhn Data/Transpose
- Variable(s) l nhng bin cn thay i
Kim tra gi tr nhp

- Nhn ton b gi tr: Nhn View/ Value Labels
- Kim tra mt bin no : Utilities/Variables
- Kim tra b m ho Utilities/File Info, vi b m ho ny, ta c th kim tra li mt ln na
cng vic nh ngha cc bin hoc cng c th lm danh b cho vic nhp s liu sau ny.
To bin mi khng hoc c rng buc mt iu kin

Trong qu trnh nhp liu, c th rt ngn thi gian nhp liu hoc phc v mc ch phn
tch, chng ta cn c th to ra bin mi t cc d kin v cu trc ca bin nhp.
- To bin mi khng iu kin: Gi s theo s liu thng k nh trn, bit c s nm
cng tc cn li trc khi ngh hu l bao nhiu nm na (gi s mi lao ng c ngh hu
sau 25 nm cng tc). Nh vy ta thnh lp mt bin mi nghihuu s bng 25-nam
+ Nhn Transform/Compute
+ Trong Target Variable nhp bin mi (nghihuu), trong chng ta cn phi nh ngha
Type&Label tin cho vic qun l v so snh cc gi tr sau ny.
+ Trong Numeric Expression nhp gi tr cn gn cho bin mi t bin ch cho trc.
Ch : Khi gp cc bin thuc kiu chui, ngy thng... chng ta cn phi tm mt hm tng
ng quy cc gi tr ny v gi tr tng ng m chng ta c th so snh c (s dng
hm Function)
- To bin mi c iu kin: Cng nh v d trn nhng chng ta cn phn chia ra thnh

nam v n th sau khi thit t cc gi tr nh trn xong.
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- Nhn If tip theo nhn Include if case satisfies condition trong hp hi thoi thit t
iu kin (p dng cho nhng ngi c gii tnh l nam th iu kin thit t l
gioitinh=1 nh trong hp hi thoi:
M ho li bin:
Trong mt s trng hp, do nhu cu ca qu trnh phn tch, chng ta cn phi m ha li cc
bin. C hai hnh thc m ho nh sau:
- M ho dng li tn bin c:
+ Nhn Transform/Recode/Into Same Variables
+ a bin cn m ho li vo Numeric Variable
+ Nhn If thit t cc iu kin (nu c)

+ Nhn Old and New Values thay i b m ho
* Trong Old Value l gi tr c, v New Value l gi tr mi cn nhp
* Nu nhp gi tr mi thang im biu danh, khong cch, t l th nhp ti Value.
* Nu m ho gi tr vi thang im khong cch - Nhn Range
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V d: phc v cho vic phn tch, ta m ho li tui ca sinh vin theo thang im
khong cch nh sau:
1 : Di 7 nm
2 : T 7 n 14 nm
3 : Trn 14 nm
* Gi tr trn 14 nm bm Range/throught Highest v nhp liu

* Gi tr di 7 nm bm Range/Lowest throught v nhp liu
* C th gi nguyn gi tr khuyt hay cn thay i, nu gi nguyn cn ch l gi tr
c ri vo cc trng hp m chng ta m ho khng khi nh hng n cc gi
tr phn tch.
- M ho dng li khng dng tn bin c (lu trn bin mi):
+ Nhn Transform/Recode/Into Different Variables
+Tn bin mi c t Name vi cc thng s tho mn mt bin bnh thng.
+ Nhn ca bin c thit t ti Label, sau nhn Change lu.
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+ Cc thng s khc c thc hin nh m ho dng li bin c.

PHN TCH M T (THNG K M T):
Bng phn b tn sut
Bng phn phi tng sut c th hin vi tt c cc bin nh tnh (ri rc) vi cc thang o
biu danh, th t v cc bin nh lng (lin tc) vi thang o khong cch hoc t l.
Nhn vo la chn cc thng s o

lng (mode, median, trung bnh)
Nhn vo v th cc tng sut

ca bin s
Central tendancy: o lng

khuynh hng hi t: tham s
trung bnh (mean), median,
mode, tng (sum)
Dispersion: o lng
phn tn: lch chun (std.
deviation), phng sai
Distribution: Kim nh phn

phi chun (skeness v
kurtosis)
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Tn sut T l
xut hin Loai hinh doanh nghiep phn trm
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid Dich vu thuong mai 88 44.0 44.0 44.0
Xay dung 56 28.0 28.0 72.0
Cong nghiep 56 28.0 28.0 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
So lao dong
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid Tu 1 den 5 25 12.5 12.5 12.5
Tu 6 den 20 61 30.5 30.5 43.0
Tu 21 den 200 63 31.5 31.5 74.5
Tu 200 den 300 45 22.5 22.5 97.0
Tren 300 6 3.0 3.0 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Loai hinh doanh nghiep
Cong nghiep
28.0%
Dich vu thuong mai
44.0%
Xay dung
28.0%
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Lp bng so snh
Bng so snh 2 nhn t:

Dich vu thuong mai Xay dung Cong nghiep
Count Row % Count Row % Count Row %
So lao Tu 1 den 5 7 28.0% 6 24.0% 12 48.0%
dong Tu 6 den 20 26 42.6% 21 34.4% 14 23.0%
Tu 21 den 200 26 41.3% 19 30.2% 18 28.6%
Tu 200 den 300 27 60.0% 7 15.6% 11 24.4%
Tren 300 2 33.3% 3 50.0% 1 16.7%
Group Total 88 44.0% 56 28.0% 56 28.0%
Phn tch mt bin nh lng

c lng tham s trung bnh (mt nhm)
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Gi tr lch
trung bnh chun
One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Thu nhap nam (trieu) 200 33224.00 12932.72 914.48
Gii hn trn Gii hn di

One-Sample Test ca c lng ca c lng
Test Value = 0
95% Confidence Interval of
Mean the Difference
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Difference Lower Upper
Thu nhap nam (trieu) 36.331 199 .000 33224.00 31420.68 35027.32
c lng s khc bit gia hai tham s trung bnh (c lp hoc ph thuc)
KIM NH THAM S
Kim nh t i vi tham s trung bnh mu
Nh chng ta bit, thu nhp trung bnh ca cc i tng phng vn l 33,224 triu/nm, c
gi thit cho rng thu nhp ca i tng m chng ta phng vn trn tng th l 32 triu/nm,
chng ta cn kt lun nhn nh c ng khng.
Khi , gi thit ca bi ton l:
H0 : = 0= 32 (triu) v H1: 0 = 32 (triu)
& Nhn Analyze Compare Means One sample T test.
& Chn bin cn phn tch vo Test Variable(s), t gi tr 0 vo Test Value.
Nhn Option thit t

tin cy
(gi s tin cy l 95%)
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& Bm Continue v bm OK hp hi thoi ban u, kt qu thu c nh sau:
Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

Thu nhap nam (trieu) 200 10750 82500 33224.00 12932.72
Valid N (listwise) 200
One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Thu nhap nam (trieu) 200 33224.00 12932.72 914.48
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 32000

95% Confidence Interval of the
Sig. Mean Difference
t df (2-tailed) Difference Lower Upper
Thu nhap nam (trieu) 1.34 199 .182 1224.00 -579.32 3027.32
Gi tr t-student Gi tr p-value
= 1,34 =0,182>0,05
& Ti cc biu trn, ta c th bit gi tr trung bnh, lch chun ca mu. Ngoi ra t=1,34 nn
p-value=0,182>0,05 nn chng ta cha c c s bc b H0 hay cha c c s chp nhn H1.
Kim nh tham s trung bnh hai mu (hai mu c lp)
Gi s ta mun so snh thu nhp trung bnh gia nhng ngi c gii tnh nam v n trn tng
th c khc nhau hay khng, ta c gi thit:
H0: Thu nhp trung bnh ca ngi nam v ngi n bng nhau trn tng th
H1: Thu nhp trung bnh ca ngi nam v ngi n khng bng nhau trn tng th
& Nhn Analyze Compare Means Independent sample t-test.
& Chn bin thunhap vo Test Variables v bin gioitinh vo Grouping Variable
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Nhn vo Define Groups

nh ngha cc nhm vi
Nam=1 v N = 0
Nhn vo Define Groups

nh ngha cc nhm vi
Nam=1 v N = 0
& Kt qu nh sau
Group Statistics
Gioi tinh N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Thu nhap nam (trieu) Nam 124 37053.23 13962.42 1253.86
Nu 76 26976.32 7763.42 890.52
Trung bnh ngi c Trung bnh ngi c

gii tnh l N gii tnh l Nam
Independent Samples Test
Levene's
Test for
Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means
95% Confidence
Sig. Interval of the
(2-ta Mean Std. Error Difference
F Sig. t df iled) Difference Difference Lower Upper
Thu Equal variances
17 .000 5.77 198 .000 10076.91 1747.75 6630 13524
nhap assumed
nam Equal variances
(trieu) 6.55 196.4 .000 10076.91 1537.92 7044 13110
not assumed
Nu sig. trong kim nh phng sai<0,05 th

Gi tr t ca p-value ca
phng sai gia hai mu khng bng nhau,
kim nh gi tr t
ta s dng kt qu kim nh t dng th 2
& Kim nh Leneves (gi thit H0: phng sai ca hai mu (bin) bng nhau, H1: phng sai
ca hai mu (bin) khng bng nhau) s cho php kim nh phng sai hai mu c bng nhau
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hay khng, trong trng hp ny nu sig. ca F (trong thng k Leneves) < 0,05 ta bc b H0,
chp nhn H1 ngha l phng sai ca hai mu khng bng nhau, do vy gi tr t m ta phi tham
chiu l gi tr t dng th 2. Ngc li nu sig. >0,05 th phng sai ca hai mu bng nhau, ta
s dng kt qu kim nh t dng th nht.
& i vi kim nh t, ta nhn thy rng t=6,55 v p-value = 0,000<0,05 nm ta c th bc b H0
v chp nhn H1, c ngha l thu nhp trung bnh gia ngi nam v n s khc nhau.
Kim nh tham s trung bnh hai mu (hai mu ph thuc)
& Nhn Analyze Compare Means Paired sample t-test. Chn bin cn phn tch vo
Paired Variables.
Nhn Option thit t

tin cy
(gi s tin cy l 95%)
& Kt qu:
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Pair TRUOCQC 42.9333 15 30.6419 7.9117
1 SAUQC 44.1333 15 28.1422 7.2663
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
95% Confidence
Std. Interval of the
Std. Error Difference Sig.
Mean Deviation Mean Lower Upper t df (2-tailed)
Pair 1 TRUOCQC - SAUQC -1.200 5.7842 1.4935 -4.4032 2.0032 -.803 14 .435
Gi tr c lng Gi tr c lng Gi tr t-student Gi tr p-value

(gii hn di) (gii hn trn) = -0,803 =0,435>0,05
& V gi tr t=-0,803 v p-value = 0,435>0,05 nn chng ta cha c c s bc b H0 tc l

cha c c s chp nhn H1.
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Phn tch phng sai (Analysis of variance ANOVA)

Gi s chng ta mun so snh thu nhp trung bnh ca cc i tng lm trong nhng lnh vc
dch v - thng mi, xy dng v cng nghip c khc nhau hay khng. Gi thit v i thit s
l:
H0: Thu nhp trung bnh ca nhng ngi lm trong lnh vc dch v - thng mi, xy dng
v cng nghip bng nhau
H1: Thu nhp trung bnh ca ngi lm trong lnh vc dch v - thng mi, xy dng v cng
nghip khng bng nhau (c ngha l tn ti t nht mt thu nhp trung bnh ca mt ngnh
khc vi t nht mt thu nhp trung bnh ca hai ngnh cn li)
& Nhn Analyze Compare Means One-way ANOVA.
& Chn bin cn phn tch (nh lng) vo Dependent List v bin phn loi vo Factor
& Nhn Post Hoc chn loi kim nh nhm xc nh c th s khc bit gia cc nhm
(nhm no khc vi nhm no). Chng ta c th chn Bonferroni hoc Tukeys-b (hai thng k
ny u cho ra cng mt kt qu).
& Nu phng sai gia cc nhm cn so snh khng bng nhau, chng ta chn Tamhanes T2
(ng dng cho kim nh t tng cp nu phng sai ca chng khng bng nhau).
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& Nhn Continue, nhn Option thit t cc la chn.
& Trong Homogeneity-of-variance kim nh s bng nhau phng sai cc nhm, Means
plot lm cho hnh minh ha.
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Thu nhap nam (trieu)

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
.414 2 197 .661
& V Sig. >0,05 nn ta c th khng nh l phng sai ca cc nhm l bng nhau, tha mn
iu kin ca phn tch ANOVA.
ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 87185676.623 2 43592838.312 .259 .772
Within Groups 33196619123.377 197 168510756.971
Total 33283804800.000 199
& Vi F=0,259 v p-value = 0,772>0,05 nn cha c c s bc b H0 hay cha c c s

chp nhp H1
& Trong cc trng hp khc, nu ta bc b H0 v chp nhn H1, vi thng k Bonferonni ta c
th bit c s khc nhau tng cp ca cc tham s trung bnh.
& Means plots
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35000
34000
Mean of Thu nhap nam (trieu)
33000
32000
Dich vu thuong mai Xay dung Cong nghiep
Hi quy tuyn tnh

Gi s chng ta mong mun tm mi tng quan gia hai bin nm lm vic (bin c lp) v thu
nhp hng nm (bin ph thuc) trn tng th, chng ta s thc hin nh th no.
& V s , kim tra bng th gic mi quan h
& Vo Graphs, nhn Scatter
& Chn Simple v bm Define
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& Chn cc bin vo Y Axis (bin ph thuc) v X Axis (bin c lp), bm OK

100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Nam lam viec
& Chng ta c th xem ng hi quy l thuyt ca dy d liu bng cch click hai ln vo
chut.
& Sau khi mt mn hnh mi hin ra, vo Chart Option, hi hi thoi tip theo s hin ra
Bm OK Hi hi thoi s l:
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& Bm Fit Options chn Linear regression
& Bm Continue v OK
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Nam lam viec

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R rng trn hnh v bn, ta c th hnh dung c mi quan h tuyn tnh (theo ng thng) gia
s nm lm vic v thu nhp/nm. kim tra mt cch chnh xc, ta thc hin thao tc hi quy.
& Vo Analyze v Regression chn cc bin vo cc tng ng
ANOVAb
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

1 Regression 449.294 1 449.294 71.115 .000a
Residual 1250.926 198 6.318
Total 1700.220 199
a. Predictors: (Constant), Thu nhap nam (trieu)
b. Dependent Variable: Nam lam viec
V F=71,115 v p-value=0,000 nn chng ta c th khng nh tn to m hnh hay tn ti mi

quan h gia hai bin nm lm vic v thu nhp trn tng th.
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate

1 .514a .264 .261 2.51
a. Predictors: (Constant), Thu nhap nam (trieu)
H s tng quan R H s xc nh R2
Ta c:
- H s tng quan R o lng mc tng quan gia hai bin
- H s xc nh R2 nh gi mc ph hp ca m hnh th hin mi quan h tng quan
tuyn tnh
R2 = 0,264 c ngha l bin s nm lm vic s gii thch 26,4% thu nhp/ nm ca nhn vin
(cn li l nhng bin s khc).
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Ta c R2a =0,261, ta c th kt lun mi quah h gia hai bin ny rt yu v R2a =0,261<0,3.
- Nu R <0,3 - Nu R2 <0,1 Tng quan mc thp

- Nu 0,3 R <0,5 - Nu 0,1 R2 <0,25 Tng quan mc trung bnh
- Nu 0,5 R <0,7 - Nu 0,25 R2 <0,5 Tng quan kh cht ch
2
- Nu 0,7 R <0,9 - Nu 0,5 R <0,8 Tng quan cht ch
2
- Nu 0,9 R - Nu 0,8 R Tng quan rt cht ch
Coefficientsa
Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant) 9.970 .491 20.304 .000
Thu nhap nam (trieu) 1.162E-04 .000 .514 8.433 .000
a. Dependent Variable: Nam lam viec
Bng coefficient cho php chng ta kim nh cc h s gc trong m hnh, ta c t1 = 8,433 v p-

value = 0,000<0,05 nn ta khng nh tn ti mi quan h gia hai bin vi h s gc b1=0,00011
c ngha l khi tng mi nm lm vic, thu nhp hng nm tang 110 ngn ng. Ta c th thnh
lp c phng trnh hi quy nh sau:
yi = 9.870 + 0,00011xi + e
KIM NH CHI BNH PHNG V TNH C LP HAY PH THUC GIA HAI

BIN (CROSSTABS)
Kim nh phn phi (kim nh s ph hp)
Tnh hung: Trong mt nghin cu c tnh ca b Y t, ngi ta mong mun kim tra gi thuyt
rng tn sut s dng dch v bnh vin ca cc ngy trong tun l nh nhau v gim 25% vo
cui tun. Mt mu gm 52 000 bnh nhn c phn phi sau:
Ngy S bnh nhn (quan st) S bnh nhn (l thuyt)

Th hai 8623 8000
Th ba 8308 8000
Th t 8420 8000
Th nm 9032 8000
Th su 8754 8000
Th by 4361 6000
Ch nht 4502 6000
52000 52000
Khi , gi thit v i thit:
H0: Nhu cu khm cha bnh l nh nhau tt c cc ngy trong tun v gim 25% vo cui
tun
H1: Nhu cu ny c mt dng phn phi khc
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Kim nh chi bnh phng v tnh cht c lp hay ph thuc (kim nh hng ct hay
kim nh mi quan h gia hai bin biu danh)
Ngi ta dng kim nh Chi bnh phng kim nh s kt hp gia bai bin (biu danh hoc
th t). C mt s ch nh sau:
- 2 c thit lp xc nh c hay khng mt mi lin h gia hai bin, nhng n khng ch
ra c cng ca mi lin h . Trong trng hp ny, cn s dng cc o lng kt
hp.
- 2 cho php tm ra nhng mi lin h phi tuyn tnh gia hai bin.
- Vi kim nh Chi bnh phng, ta thnh lp c cc bng cho. H s V Cramer c p
dng cho tt c cc loi bng cho vi k l chiu b nht ca bng cho. Cng ca n bin
ng t 0 n 1. 2
V=
n(k 1)
Gi s ta chn phn tch tnh c lp gia hai bin nh tnh quy m doanh nghip (quymo) v
loi hnh kinh doanh (loaihinh). Cc bc tin hnh nh sau:
H0: Hai bin quy m doanh nghip v loi hnh doanh kinh c lp vi nhau trn tng th
H1: Hai bin quy m doanh nghip v loi hnh doanh kinh ph thuc vi nhau trn tng th
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& Vo Descriptives statistics Crosstab chn cc bin vo cc tng ng
& Bm Statistics thit lp cc thng k
Gi tr kim nh Gi tr kim nh
Chi bnh phng p-value
& Bm Cells thit lp cc t l phn trm theo dng, ct hay tng cng
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 38.665a 2 .000
Likelihood Ratio 50.910 2 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association
36.280 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 104
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 12.92.
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Loai hinh doanh nghiep * Quy mo doanh nghiep Crosstabulation
Quy mo doanh nghiep

vua va nho lon Total
Loai hinh Dich vu thuong mai Count 11 26 37
doanh nghiep Expected Count 22.1 14.9 37.0
% of Total 10.6% 25.0% 35.6%
Xay dung Count 16 16 32
Expected Count 19.1 12.9 32.0
% of Total 15.4% 15.4% 30.8%
Cong nghiep Count 35 0 35
% of Total 33.7% .0% 33.7%
Total Count 62 42 104
% of Total 59.6% 40.4% 100.0%
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx. Sig.

Nominal by Phi .610 .000
Nominal Cramer's V .610 .000
N of Valid Cases 104
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
Trong kim ny, ta thy gi tr Chi bnh phng = 38,665 v p-value=0,000<0,05 nn ta bc b

H0 v chp nhn H1 tc hai bin ph thuc ln nhau trn tng th.
H s Phi = 0,61 khng nh mi quan h gia hai bin ny kh cht ch.
KIM NH PHI THAM S

Kim nh hai mu ph thuc (Wilcoxon, kim nh du, kim nh Nemar)
Vi v d v nh gi hai loi kem trn, ta cgi thit:
Vi gi thit v i thit l:
H0: Khng c s khc bit trong mc a chung gia A, B trong tng th
H1: C s khc bit trong mc a chung gia A, B trong tng th
Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
& Vo Analyze Nonparametric Tests - 2 Related Samples
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
Hng dn s dng SPSS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
& Kt qu thu c:
Ranks
N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

B-A Negative Ranks 2a 1.50 3.00
Positive Ranks 5b 5.00 25.00
Ties 2c
Total 9
a. B < A
b. B > A
c. A = B
Test Statistics b
B-A
Z -1.876a
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .061
a. Based on negative ranks.
b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
& Nhn vo bng trn ta c th d dng din gii d liu, vi Z = -1,876 v p-value=0,61>0,05
nn ta cha c c s bc b H0 tc cha c c s chp nhn H1 hay cha c c s khng
nh c s khc bit trong mc a chung gia A, B trong tng th.
Ch : Kim n du v Nemar c th thc hin tng t
Kim nh nhiu hn hai mu ph thuc (Friedman, Kendalls W, Cochrans Q)
Trong trng hp ging nh v d trng hp kim nh wilcoxon, nhung by gi ta c 3 sn
phm A, B, C, khi
KH Kem A Kem B Kem C
1 4 3 5
2 5 5 5
3 2 5 5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
Hng dn s dng SPSS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 3 2 5
5 3 5 5
6 1 5 5
7 3 3 5
8 2 5 5
9 2 5 5
& Vo Analyze Nonparametric Test K Related Samples chn cc bin vo phn tch
& Kt qu:
Ranks
Mean Rank
A 1.39
B 2.00
C 2.61
Test Statistics a
N 9
Chi-Square 9.308
df 2
Asymp. Sig. .010
a. Friedman Test
& Vi Chi bnh phng = 9,308 v p-value=0,01<0,05 nn ta bc b H0 tc chp nhn H1 hay

c s khc bit trong mc a chung gia A, B, C trong tng th.
Kim nh cho hai mu c lp (Mann-Whitney U)
Tnh hung: C hai loi my n Toshiba v Yamaha ang tiu th ti Vit Nam, mt nh phn
phi mun kim tra mc tiu hao nguyn vt liu ca hai loi sn phm ny.
Nh phn phi gp cc khch hng s dng hai loi sn phm, tin hnh iu tra mc tiu hao
nguyn vt liu, tng s khch hng iu tra l 18 ngi trong 10 ngi s dng sn phm
Toshiba v 10 ngi s dng sn phm Yamaha, kt qu thu c nh sau:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25
Hng dn s dng SPSS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KH Toshiba Yamaha
1 4000 4200
2 3800 4300
3 4600 3400
4 4300 3500
5 5000 3800
6 5300 4200
7 4900 4300
8 4700 3400
9 4000
10 5200
& Vo Analyze Nonparametric Test 2 Independent Samples chn cc bin vo phn tch
& Nhn Grouping Define nh ngha cc bin
& Kt qu nh sau
Ranks
NHANHIEU N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

TIEUHAO Toshiba 10 12.15 121.50
Yamaha 8 6.19 49.50
Total 18
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
Hng dn s dng SPSS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test Statistics b
TIEUHAO
Mann-Whitney U 13.500
Wilcoxon W 49.500
Z -2.364
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .018
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] .016a
a. Not corrected for ties.
b. Grouping Variable: NHANHIEU
Ta thy gi tr Mann-Whitney U = 13,5, gi tr Z = -2,363 v p-value=0,18 nn ta bc b H0, chp

nhn H1 tc l c s khc nhau v mc tiu hao nhin liu trung bnh ca hai loi sn phm l
khc nhau.
Kim nh nhiu hn hai mu c lp (Kruskal-Wallis H)
Gi s nh chng ta c 3 nhm sn phm (thm mt sn phm ca hng Sonix), cch thc thc
hin nh sau:
& Vo Analyze Nonparametric Test K Independent Samples chn cc bin vo phn tch
& Vo Grouping Variable nh ngha bin, hin ti chng ta c 3 bin, chng ta t gi tr

maximum l 3, nu chng ta so snh 2 bin th chng ta nh s 2 (gi tr 1, 2, hay 3 ph thuc
vo cc nh ngha value label ca bin nhanhieu.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
Hng dn s dng SPSS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ranks
NHANHIEU N Mean Rank

TIEUHAO Toshiba 10 18.55
Yamaha 8 9.63
3 8 11.06
Total 26
Test Statistics a,b
TIEUHAO
Chi-Square 7.318
df 2
Asymp. Sig. .026
a. Kruskal Wallis Test
b. Grouping Variable: NHANHIEU
Ta thy gi tr Chi bnh phng = 7,318 v p-value=0,026 nn ta bc b H0, chp nhn H1 tc l

c s khc nhau v mc tiu hao nhin liu trung bnh ca ba loi sn phm l khc nhau.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28

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Hng dn s dng SPSS

HNG DN S DNG SPSS

NG DNG TIN HC VO PHN TCH D LIU TRONG NGHIN CU

Chn mt bin mi hoc bng ghi mi

Bin mt bin thnh mt bng ghi

Kim tra gi tr nhp

To bin mi khng hoc c rng buc mt iu kin

- To bin mi c iu kin: Cng nh v d trn nhng chng ta cn phn chia ra thnh

+ Nhn If thit t cc iu kin (nu c)

* Gi tr trn 14 nm bm Range/throught Highest v nhp liu

+ Cc thng s khc c thc hin nh m ho dng li bin c.

Nhn vo la chn cc thng s o

Nhn vo v th cc tng sut

Central tendancy: o lng

Distribution: Kim nh phn

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Loai hinh doanh nghiep

Dich vu thuong mai

Bng so snh 2 nhn t:

Loai hinh doanh nghiep

Phn tch mt bin nh lng

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Gii hn trn Gii hn di

Nhn Option thit t

& Bm Continue v bm OK hp hi thoi ban u, kt qu thu c nh sau:

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Test Value = 32000

Nhn vo Define Groups

Nhn vo Define Groups

Gioi tinh N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Trung bnh ngi c Trung bnh ngi c

Independent Samples Test

Nu sig. trong kim nh phng sai<0,05 th

Nhn Option thit t

Paired Samples Statistics

Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Paired Samples Test

Gi tr c lng Gi tr c lng Gi tr t-student Gi tr p-value

& V gi tr t=-0,803 v p-value = 0,435>0,05 nn chng ta cha c c s bc b H0 tc l

Phn tch phng sai (Analysis of variance ANOVA)

& Nhn Continue, nhn Option thit t cc la chn.

Test of Homogeneity of Variances

Thu nhap nam (trieu)

Thu nhap nam (trieu)

& Vi F=0,259 v p-value = 0,772>0,05 nn cha c c s bc b H0 hay cha c c s

Loai hinh doanh nghiep

Hi quy tuyn tnh

& Chn Simple v bm Define

& Chn cc bin vo Y Axis (bin ph thuc) v X Axis (bin c lp), bm OK

Nam lam viec

& Bm Fit Options chn Linear regression

Nam lam viec

Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

V F=71,115 v p-value=0,000 nn chng ta c th khng nh tn to m hnh hay tn ti mi

Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate

Ta c R2a =0,261, ta c th kt lun mi quah h gia hai bin ny rt yu v R2a =0,261<0,3.

- Nu R <0,3 - Nu R2 <0,1 Tng quan mc thp

Bng coefficient cho php chng ta kim nh cc h s gc trong m hnh, ta c t1 = 8,433 v p-

KIM NH CHI BNH PHNG V TNH C LP HAY PH THUC GIA HAI

Ngy S bnh nhn (quan st) S bnh nhn (l thuyt)

& Vo Descriptives statistics Crosstab chn cc bin vo cc tng ng