Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ccna Tieng Viet
Ccna Tieng Viet
HNG DAN CAU HNH CAC TNH NANG C BAN CHO CISCO ROUTER
MUC LUC
Trang 1/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Trang 2/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Trang 3/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Cisco 2511 Cisco 100x Cisco2503 Cisco 2522 Cisco 2507 Cisco 160x
Cisco 2512 Cisco 2504 Cisco 2523 Cisco2508 Cisco 17xx
AS5xxx Cisco 2513 Cisco 2516 Cisco 26xx
Cisco500-CS
Cisco 2514 Cisco 2518 Cisco 36xx
Cisco 2515 Cisco 4xxx
Cisco 7xxx
Trang 4/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Hnh 1.1
Trong mot moi trng phc tap hn: hai he thong mang gan vi nhau thong qua mot
router C. May A thuoc mang A muon gi packet en may B thuoc mangB. Do cac
broadcast khong the truyen qua router nen khi o may A se xem router C nh mot cau
noi e truyen d lieu. Trc o, may A se biet c a ch IP cua router C (port X) va
biet c rang e truyen packet ti B phai i qua C. Tat ca cac thong tin nh vay se
c cha trong mot bang goi la bang routing (routing table). Bang routing table theo c
che nay c lu gi trong moi may. Routing table cha thong tin ve cac gateway e truy
cap vao mot he thong mang nao o. V du trong trng hp tren trong bang se ch ra
rang e i ti LAN B phai qua port X cua router C. Routing table se co cha a ch IP
cua port X. Qua trnh truyen d lieu theo tng bc sau:
May A gi mot ARP request (broadcast) e tm a ch MAC cua port X.
Router C tra li, cung cap cho may A a ch MAC cua port X.
May A truyen packet en port X cua router.
Trang 5/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Router nhan c packet t may A, chuyen packet ra port Y cua router. Trong
packet co cha a ch IP cua may B.
Router se gi ARP request e tm a ch MAC cua may B.
May B se tra li cho router biet a ch MAC cua mnh.
Sau khi nhan c a ch MAC cua may B, router C gi packet cua A en B.
Hnh 1.2
Tren thc te ngoai dang routing table nay ngi ta con dung phng phap proxy ARP,
trong o co mot thiet b am nhan nhiem vu phan giai a ch cho tat ca cac thiet b khac.
Qua trnh nay c trnh bay trong hnh 1.3.
Trang 6/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Trang 7/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
nhng a ch network khong thay oi. Hnh 4 trnh bay qua trnh chuyen packet qua
mot he thong bao gom nhieu router.
Trang 8/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Phan loai:
Thuat toan routing co the thuoc mot hay nhieu loai sau ay:
o Static hay dynamic.
Static routing la c che trong o ngi quan tr quyet nh, gan san protocol cung nh
a ch ch cho router: en mang nao th phai truyen qua port nao, a ch la g Cac
thong tin nay cha trong routing table va ch c cap nhat hay thay oi bi ngi
quan tr.
Static routing thch hp cho cac he thong n gian, co ket noi n gia hai router,
trong o ng truyen d lieu a c xac nh trc.
Dynamic routing dung cac routing protocol e t ong cap nhat cac thong tin ve cac
router xung quanh. Tuy theo dang thuat toan ma c che cap nhat thong tin cua cac
router se khac nhau.
Dynamic routing thng dung trong cac he thong phc tap hn, trong o cac router
c lien ket vi nhau thanh mot mang li, v du nh cac he thong router cung cap
dch vu internet, he thong cua cac cong ty a quoc gia.
o Single-Path hay Multipath.
Thuat toan multipath cho phep viec a hp d lieu tren nhieu lien ket khac nhau con
thuat toan single path th khong. Multi path cung cap mot lu lung d lieu va o tin
cay cao hn single path.
o Flat hay Hierarchical.
Thuat toan flat routing dung trong cac he thong co cau truc ngang hang vi nhau,
c trai rong vi chc nang va nhiem vu nh nhau. Trong khi o thuat toan
hierachical la thuat toan phan cap, co cau truc cay nh mo hnh phan cap cua mot
domain hay cua mot cong ty. Tuy theo dang he thong ma ta co the la chon thuat
toan thch hp.
o Link State or Distance Vector.
Thuat toan link state (con c goi la thuat toan shortest path first) cap nhat tat ca
cac thong tin ve c che routing cho tat ca cac node tren he thong mang. Moi router
se gi mot phan cua routing table, trong o mo ta trang thai cua cac lien ket rieng
cua mnh len tren mang. Ch co cac thay oi mi c gi i.
Trang 9/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Thuat toan distance vector (con goi la thuat toan Bellman-Ford) bat buoc moi router
phai gi toan bo hay mot phan routing table cua mnh cho router ket noi trc tiep vi
no theo mot chu ky nhat nh (Hnh 1.6)
Ve mat ban chat, thuat toan link state gi cac bang cap nhat co kch thc nho en
khap ni trong mang, trong khi thuat toan distance vector gi cac bang cap nhat co
kch thc ln hn ch cho router ket noi vi no.
Thuat toan distance vector co u iem la de thc hien, de kiem tra, tuy nhien no co
mot so han che la thi gian cap nhat lau, chiem dung bang thong ln tren mang.
Ngoai ra no cung lam lang ph bang thong do tnh chat cap nhat theo chu ky cua
mnh.
Thuat toan distance vector thng dung trong cac routing protocol: RIP(IP/IPX),
IGRP (IP), RTMP(AppleTalk) va thng ap dung cho he thong nho.
Thuat toan link state co u iem la co toc o cao, khong chiem dung bang thong
nhieu nh thuat toan distance vector. Tuy nhien thuat toan nay oi hoi cao hn ve bo
nh, CPU cung nh viec thc hien kha phc tap.
Thuat toan link state c s dung trong routing protocol: OSPF, NLSP va thch hp
cho cac he thong c trung va ln.
Ngoai ra con co s ket hp hai thuat toan nay trong mot so routing protocol nh: IS-IS,
EIGRP.
Cac so o c ban trong thuat toan routing:
Metric la so o cua thuat toan routing e t o quyet nh ng i toi u nhat cho d
lieu. Mot thuat toan routing co the s dung nhieu metric khac nhau. Cac metric c ket
hp vi nhau e thanh mot metric tong quat, ac trng cho lien ket. Moi thuat toan co the
s dung kieu s dung metric khac nhau. Cac metric thng c dung la.
o Path Length:
La metric c ban, thng dung nhat. Path length trong router con c xac
dnh bang so hop gia nguon va ch. Mot hop c hieu la mot lien ket gia
hai router.
o Reliability:
La khai niem ch o tin cay cua mot lien ket. V du nh o tin cay c the
hien thong qua bit error rate Khai niem nay nham ch kha nang hoat ong o
nh cua lien ket.
o Delay:
Khai niem delay dung e ch khoang thi gian can e chuyen packet t
nguon en ch trong he thong. Delay phu thuoc vao nhieu yeu to: khoang
cach vat ly, bang thong cua lien ket, ung o, tranh chap ng truyen.
Chnh v the yeu to nay la mot metric ong vai tro rat quan trong trong thuat
toan routing.
o Bandwidth
La mot metric quan trong e anh gia ng truyen. Bandwidth ch lu lng
d lieu toi a co the truyen tren lien ket.
o Load
Trang 10/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Load nham ch phan tram network resource ang trong trang thai ban {busy).
Load co the la lu lng d lieu tren lien ket, la o chiem dung bo nh, CPU
Routed protocol va Routing Protocol
Phan biet gia hai khai niem:
Routed protocol quy nh dang format va cach s dung cua cac trng trong packet
nham chuyen cac packet t ni nay sang ni khac (en tan ngi s dung) V du: IP,
IPX
Routing protocol: cho phep cac router ket noi vi nhau va cap nhat cac thong tin cua
nhau nh cac bang routing. Routing protocol co the s dung cac routed protocol e
truyen thong tin gia cac router. V du: RIP (Router Information Protocol), IGRP (Interior
Gateway Routing Protocol)
Routing protocol quyet nh:
o Router nao can biet thong tin ve cac router khac.
o Viec cap nhat thong tin nh the nao.
Cac routing protocol tieu bieu:
Cac routing protocol c trnh bay trong bang 1.3.
Di ay chung toi xin trnh bay mot so routing protocol tieu bieu.
o RIP:
RIP la ch viet tat cua Routing Information Protocol, la 1 trong nhng routing
protocol au tien c s dung. RIP da tren thuat toan distance vector,
c s dung rat rong rai tuy nhien ch thch hp cho cac he thong nho va t
phc tap. RIP t ong cap nhat thong tin ve cac router bang cach gi cac
Trang 11/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
broadcast len mang moi 30 giay. RIP xac nh ng bang hop count (path
length). So lng hop toi a la 15.
o IGRP:
La loai routing protocol hien nay ang thng dung nhat, c phat trien bi
Cisco, co cac ac iem sau:
Dung c che advanced distance vector. Ch cap nhat thong tin khi co s
thay oi cau truc.
Viec xac nh ng c thc hien linh hoat thong qua nhieu yeu to: so
hop, bang thong, o tr hoan, o tin cay
Co kha nang vt gii han 15 hop.
Co kha nang ho tr cho nhieu ng lien ket vi kha nang can bang tai
cao.
Linh hoat, thch hp cho cac he thong ln, do da tren c che link state
ket hp vi distance vector.
o OSPF.
La loai routing protocol tien tien, da tren c che link-state co kha nang cap
nhat s thay oi mot cach nhanh nhat. S dung IP multicast lam phng
phap truyen nhan thong tin. Thch hp vi cac he thong ln, gom nhieu
router lien ket vi nhau.
Trang 12/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Trang 13/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Trang 14/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Tuy vao IOS va phan cng ma co the phai nang cap Flash RAM va DRAM.
ROM
Read only memory (ROM) thng c s dung e cha cac thong tin sau:
ROM monitor, cung cap giao dien cho ngi s dung khi router khong tm thay
cac file image khong phu hp.
Boot image, giup router boot khi khong tm thay IOS image hp le tren flash
memoty.
INTERNETWORK OS
BACKUP
OPERATING INTER
DYNAMIC CONFIGURATI
SYSTEM FACE
CONFIG- TABLE ON FILE
PROG-
URATION AND
RAMS
INFORM- BUFFER
ATION
Router#show running-config
Hnh 2.1
Trang 15/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Trang 16/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Trang 17/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Bang 2.1 trnh bay cac mode c ban cua Cisco router va mot so ac iem cua chung:
Mode Cach thc truy cap Dau nhac Cach thc thoat
Bang 2.1
YZ
Trang 18/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Boldface Hien th cac thong tin (dong lenh) ma ban phai nhap vao t ban
phm.
< > Bieu hien cac ky t khong hien thi tren man hnh, v du nh
password.
! Bieu hien cac cau chu thch.
( ) Bieu hien dau nhac hien tai
[ ] Bieu hien cac tham so tuy chon (khong bat buoc) cho cau lenh.
Italics Bieu hien cac tham so cua dong lenh. Cac tham so nay la bat buoc
phai co va ban phai chon gia tr phu hp cho tham so o e a
vao cau lenh.
{x|y|z} Bieu hien ban phai chon mot trong cac gia tr x, y, z trong cau lenh.
Bang 3.1
Trang 19/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
3.2 Cac phm tat can s dung khi cau hnh router
Cisco router c cau hnh bang chuoi cac lenh, e thuan tien va nhanh chong hn trong
viec nhap lenh mot so cac phm tat thng c s dung c trnh bay bang 3.2:
Bang 3.2
Ngoai ra khi cau hnh router, dau ? thng c s dung tat ca cac mode e liet ke
danh sach cac cau lenh co the s dung c tai mode o.
V du:
Router> ?
Exec commands:
<1-99> Session number to resume
connect Open a terminal connection
disconnect Disconnect an existing telnet session
enable Turn on privileged commands
exit Exit from the EXEC
help Description of the interactive help system
lat Open a lat connection
lock Lock the terminal
login Log in as a particular user
logout Exit from the EXEC
Trang 20/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Trang 21/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
3.3 Cac khai niem ve console, telnet. Cach xac nh cac ten va password cho
router.
3.3.1 Console port
Console port co tren tat ca cac loai router dung e cho cac terminal co the truy cap vao
router e nh cau hnh cung nh thc hien cac thao tac khac tren router. Console port
thng co dang lo cam cho RJ-45 connector. e ket noi vao console port ta can cac thiet
b sau:
01 terminal, co the la terminal chuyen dung cua UNIX hay may PC Windows chay
chng trnh HyperTerminal.
01 Roll-over cable: si cap nay i kem vi moi router (hnh 3.1), la cap UTP co 4 cap
day va c bam RJ-45 ao th t 2 au.
Hnh 3.1
01 au DB-25 hay DB-9 dung e ket noi vao Terminal. Cac au noi nay co port noi
RJ-45 pha sau. Cac au noi nay thng c goi la RJ-45 to DB-9 hay RJ-45 to
DB-25 adapter.
Ket noi vao console port c thc hien nh hnh 3.2
Khi ket noi a c thc hien, chay chng trnh (v du nh HyperTerminal) cua
Windows e truy cap vao router. Mot so iem lu y khi s dung chng trnh la:
Chon ung COM port ket noi (direct to COM1 hay COM2).
Cac thong so cua console port la: 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, 2 stop bits.
Console port khong ho tr cho flow control va modem control.
Neu khong c at password cho console port, khi khi ong chng trnh
HyperTerminal, xac lap ung cac thong so nh tren va go vai lan Enter, ban se vao
ngay user EXEC mode vi dau nhac router>. Password vi console port la khong bat
buoc, tuy nhien e bao am an toan cho he thong, ta co the dung cac buc sau ay e
xac nh password cho console port cua router.
Trang 22/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Cau lenh Dau nhac ban Dau nhac sau Giai thch
au khi go
Bang 3.3
3.3.2 Telnet sesstion
Trong he thong mang s dung TCP/IP, Telnet la mot dch vu rat hu ch giup cho ngi
s dung co the truy cap va cau hnh thiet b t bat c ni nao trong he thong hay thong
qua cac dch vu remote access. e s dung c Telnet cho viec truy cap va cau hnh
cisco router can phai co cac ieu kien sau:
He thong mang s dung giao thc TCP/IP
Gan a ch IP cho t nhat 01 trong cac ethernet port cua router va ket noi cong o
vao he thong mang.
01 PC ket noi vao mang thong qua TCP/IP.
Trang 23/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Sau khi thoa man cac ieu kien tren, tai PC ta co the go lenh telnet ip address cua
ethernet port tren router e co the truy cap vao router.
Do mc o de dang va thuan tien cua telnet trong viec truy cap vao router, viec at
password cho telnet la rat can thiet va quan trong. Bang sau se trnh bay cac bc e
xac lap password cho cac ng telnet.
Cau lenh Dau nhac ban Dau nhac sau Giai thch
au khi go
Bang 3.4
ng telnet trong Cicso router c ky hieu la vty. Cisco router ho tr 05 phien telnet
ong thi (ky hieu t 0 en 4). Ta co the xac nh password cho tng ng telnet. Tuy
nhien ca 05 ng thng c cau hnh chung 01 password duy nhat e tang kha nang
bao mat va de quan ly.
3.3.3 Xac nh ten cho router va enable password.
Khi cha xac nh ten cho router, dau nhac mac nh cua router se la router>. Viec xac
nh ten cho router nham muc ch quan ly va lam thay oi dau nhac nay. Ngoai ra viec
xac nh enable password cho phep ngan chan them mot lan na (ngoai password vao
console hay telnet) viec truy cap va thay oi cau hnh router. Bang sau trnh bay cac
buc e at (hay thay oi) ten va enable password cho router.
Cau lenh Dau nhac ban Dau nhac sau Giai thch
au khi go lenh
Trang 24/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Bang 3.5
Trang 25/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Current configuration:
!
version 11.2
! Version of IOS on router, automatic command
!
no service udp-small-servers
no service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname Critter
prompt Emma
! Prompt overrides the use of the hostname as the prompt
!
enable password lu
! This sets the priviledge exec mode password
!
no ip domain-lookup
! Ignores all names resolutions unless locally defined on the router.
!
ipx routing 0000.3089.b170
! Enables IPX rip routing
!
interface Serial0
ip address 137.11.12.2 255.255.255.0
ipx network 12
!
interface Serial1
description this is the link to Albuquerque
ip address 137.11.23.2 255.255.255.0
ipx network 23
!
interface TokenRing0
ip address 137.11.2.2 255.255.255.0
ipx network CAFE
ring-speed 16
!
router rip
network 137.11.0.0
!
no ip classless
Trang 26/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
!
banner motd ^C This Heres the Rootin-est Tootin-est Router in these here Parts! ^C
! Any text between the Ctl-C keystroke is considered part of the banner, including
!the return key.!
line con 0
password cisco
login
! login tells the router to supply a prompt; password defines what the user must type!
!
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password cisco
login
!
end
IOS image:
IOS la ch viet tat cua Internetworking Operating System. IOS thc s la trai tim cua
Cisco router. No quyet nh tat ca cac chc nang cua thiet b va bao gom tat ca cac dong
lenh dung e cau hnh thiet b o. IOS image la thuat ng dung e ch file cha IOS, nh
o ma ta co the backup hay upgrade IOS mot cach de dang va thuan tien. Trong Cisco
router IOS thng c cha trong Flash RAM.
TFTP server.
TFTP la ch viet tat cua Trial File Transfer Protocol, mot protocol chuan cua giao thc
TCP/IP. TFTP la mot connectionless, reliable protocol. TFTP Server co the la mot
workstation UNIX hay mot PC thng chay chng trnh gia lap TFTP server tren mot he
thong mang TCP/IP. TFTP Server thng c dung lam ni backup cac file cau hnh,
IOS image hay ngc lai la ni cha cac file cau hnh mi, cac IOS image mi e update
cho router.
3.4.2 Lam viec vi file cau hnh va IOS.
Vi file cau hnh:
Cac qua trnh lam viec vi file cau hnh c mo ta trong hnh 3.3
Hnh 3.3
Nh hnh 3.3 cho thay, ta co the chuyen oi qua lai file cau hnh t RAM, NVRAM va
TFTP Server. Cac chuyen oi en NVRAM va TFTP thng co ngha la thay the
(replace) trong khi cac chuyen oi ti RAM co ngha la bo sung (add).
e chuyen oi file cau hnh trong Cisco router dung lenh sau privileged mode:
copy {tftp | running-config | startup-config} {tftp | running-config | startup-config}
Trang 27/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
V du:
e copy file cau hnh t RAM vao NVRAM ta dung lenh sau:
copy running-config startup-config
erase nvram
Ngoai ra ta con co the s dung cac cau lenh khac co tac dung tng t. Cac lenh nay la
cac lenh cu thng c s dung trong cac IOS version 11.0 tr ve trc.
Bang 3.6
Lam viec vi IOS image.
Nh tren a noi IOS image ong vai tro rat quan trong oi vi router. Lam viec vi IOS
image ngha la thc hien viec lu gi cac IOS image, cap nhat cac IOS image t Cisco,
quan ly cac IOS image trong router va co kha nang xac nh cac IOS image dung e khi
ong router.
Lu gi IOS image.
IOS image thng c lu gi TFTP server bang cau lenh sau:
copy flash tftp
Cap nhat IOS image t Cisco.
Thiet ke dung IOS image cua Cisco giup cho thiet b co kha nang nang cap nhanh chong
va linh hoat. Cac IOS image cua Cisco thng xuyen c cap nhat e khac phuc cac loi
cua version trc va bo sung cac tnh nang mi cho router. Viec cap nhat nay co the
c mo ta bang hnh 3.4.
Lenh e cap nhat IOS image la:
copy tftp flash
Sau khi go lenh nay router se hien ra ten cac IOS image hien co trong flash RAM, hoi
ban a ch IP cua TFTP va ch ban xac nhan trc khi copy. V du sau se trnh bay chi
tiet ve ieu nay.
Trang 28/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Trang 29/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
fred#show flash
System flash directory:
File Length Name/status
1 4181132 c2500-i-l.112-7a
[4181196 bytes used, 4207412 available, 8388608 total]
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)
Gia tr cua boot field Cau lenh boot system Ket qua
0x0 Khong anh hng ROM monitor mode.
0x1 Khong anh hng ROM mode.
0x2 en 0xF Boot system rom ROM mode
Trang 30/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Bang 3.7
YZ
Trang 31/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Post
SD SD
S
C IS CO YS TEMS
Cisco 4000
SE RIE S
S
C IS CO YS TEMS
Cisco 4000
SE RIE S
1 2 3 1 2 3
OK OK
Office
DAT A DA TA DATA DAT A DA TA DATA
OK OK OK POWER OK OK OK POWER
Router NTU
32Kbps - 2.048Mbps
NTU Router
V.35, RS232
Hnh 4.1
Lien ket tren ng leased line la lien ket tn hieu so, co toc o len ti 2.048Mbps (vi
cap ong). Thiet b au cuoi la NTU (Network Terminal Unit) con goi la DSU/CSU
(Channel Service Unit/ Data Service Unit) tac dung nh mot DCE (Data Circuit
Equipment). Cac NTU co the co nhieu loai vi nhieu toc o khac nhau. Router trong
trng hp nay ong vai tro nh mot DTE (Data Terminal Equipment). Cac NTU thng
cung cap giao tiep V.35 hay RS232 e ket noi vi Router. Tuy theo NTU ma phai chon
loai cap ket noi cho cong Serial cua router cho thch hp (xem hnh 4.2)
Hnh 4.2: Cac loai cap ket noi gia router va NTU (CSU/DSU)
Tuy theo nhu cau s dung ma khach hang co the chon toc o cho ng leased line,
thng la t 64Kbps tr len, t o chon NTU va router thch hp.
V du cho thiet b NTU thng dung hien nay la: ACD-3 cua hang Timeplex, ASM-31,
ASM-40 cua RAD.
Trang 32/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Hau het cac loai Cisco Router eu co the ho tr cho lien ket leased line thong qua cac
serial port cua mnh. Ngoai tr Cisco router 7xx ch ho tr cho ISDN. Tat ca cac loai
router t series 8xx tr len eu co the ho tr t 01 en hang chuc cong serial.
Cac cap serial cua router dung cho cac ket noi leased line thng la V.35 DTE va RS232
DTE oi vi cac serial port 60 chan va V35 SS DTE, RS232 SS DTE oi vi cong Smart
Serial (WIC-2T, WIC-2A/S)..
YZ
Trang 33/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
4.2 Cac bc cau hnh mot router cho lien ket leased line.
e cau hnh mot router phuc vu cho lien ket leased line can thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Cau hnh cac ethernet port va serial.
Cau hnh WAN protocol cho lien ket leased line.
Cau hnh static routing hay hay dynamic routing.
Cau hnh mot so thong so can thiet khac.
Sau ay chung ta se trnh bay chi tiet tng van e cu the:
4.2.1 Cau hnh cac ethernet port va serial.
Trc tien ta can phai nh a ch va xac lap mot so thong so cho cac ethernet port va
serial.
Ethernet port
Bang sau trnh bay mot so lenh can thiet e cau hnh ethernet port cua router. Gia s ten
router la R1
Bang 4.1
Serial port
Trang 34/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Khac vi ethernet port, serial port co nhieu thong so can cau hnh hn nh trong bang
sau:
Bang 4.2
Trang 35/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Cau hnh protocol cho lien ket leased line la chon protocol c s dung e truyen d
lieu (IP, IPX), chon WAN protocol cho viec ong goi (encapsulation) d lieu tren ng
truyen (PPP, HDLC, LAPB)
Cac protocol IP hay IPX a rat quen thuoc vi chung ta, v the ay chung toi ch trnh
bay cac khai niem ve cac WAN protocol PPP, HDLC, LAPB.
Khong giong nh IP hay IPX, PPP, HDLC va LAPB la nhng WAN protocol. Chung cung
cap cac chc nang c ban e truyen d lieu tren mot lien ket. Cac lien ket nay la cac lien
ket point-to-point, serial va la lien ket synchronous (ngoai tr PPP con co the ho tr cho
lien ket asynchronous).
Lien ket synchronous la nhng lien ket ma trong o co s lien lac thng xuyen gia cac
thiet b hai au lien ket e ong bo (synchronous) toc o cua chung. Nh vay lien ket
synchronous thng co o on nh cao ong thi toi u c bang thong cua lien ket.
Hai WAN protocol thng dung trong lien ket leased line oi vi Cisco router la HDLC va
PPP (LAPB c s dung chu yeu cho cac lien ket X25). Trong o HDLC la protocol do
Cisco phat trien (khong phai la HDLC chuan cua ITU), ch thch hp oi vi router cua
Cisco, con PPP la protocol chuan, co the s dung linh ong cho nhieu loai san pham
khac nhau.
PPP va HDLC con co s khac nhau chu yeu ve cac ac iem c ban cua mot WAN
protocol, o la s khac nhau ac iem co cau truc hay khong cua protocol.
PPP la mot protocol co cau truc, co ngha la ac iem ban au cua protocol a co mot
trng e xac nh loai cua packet c ong goi bi protocol o. Trng o goi la
trng protocol type co the xac nh c packet la IP hay IPX. HDLC khong c goi
la mot WAN protocol co cau truc bi v Cisco phai bo sung them cac thong tin khac e
tao nen trng protocol type.
PPP dung cac LCP (PPP Link Control Protocol) va IPCP (IP Control Protocol) e ieu
khien va ong bo ng truyen. LCP cung cap cac tnh nang c ban cho viec ong bo
ma khong phu thuoc vao cac layer 3 protocol truyen tren lien ket o. Trong khi IPCP th
da vao cac layer 3 protocol e thc hien cac chc nang cu the nh: gan a ch IP, ho
tr ARP.
Cac chc nang cua PPP LCP co the ke ra nh Link Quality Monitoring (LQM) e cung
cap kha nang error detection; Magic Number e do tm hien tng lap tren ng
truyen; PAP va CHAP e thc hien qua trnh Authentication; Multilink PPP e ho tr cho
cac multilink.
PPP con ho tr nhieu thuat toan nen hn HDLC, PPP co the ho tr cac thuat toan nen
nh Predictor, STAC, hay MPPC (Microsoft Point-to-point compression) trong khi HDLC
ch ho tr cho thuat toan STAC.
e xac nh WAN protocol tren ng truyen va cac thong so lien quan chung ta s
dung cac lenh sau:
Lenh Mo ta
Trang 36/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Cac lenh show compress hay show process thng s dung e xem trang thai nen va
trang thai CPU sau khi a ap dung lenh compress.
4.2.3 Cau hnh static routing hay hay dynamic routing.
Nh phan trnh bay au tien ve khai niem router phan au cua tai lieu nay, ta co the
chon mot trong hai c che routing khi cau hnh Cisco router: static hay dynamic:
Static routing la c che trong o ngi quan tr quyet nh, gan san protocol cung nh a
ch ch cho router: en network nao th phai truyen qua port nao, a ch la g Cac
thong tin nay cha trong routing table va ch c cap nhat hay thay oi bi ngi quan tr.
Static routing thch hp cho cac he thong n gian, co ket noi n gia hai router, trong o
ng truyen d lieu a c xac nh trc.
Dynamic routing dung cac routing protocol e t ong cap nhat cac thong tin ve cac router
xung quanh. Tuy theo dang thuat toan ma c che cap nhat thong tin cua cac router se
khac nhau.
Dynamic routing thng dung trong cac he thong phc tap hn, trong o cac router c
lien ket vi nhau thanh mot mang li, v du nh cac he thong router cung cap dch vu
internet, he thong cua cac cong ty a quoc gia.
Trong phan nay, chung toi se trnh bay chi tiet cach cau hnh static va dynamic routing.
Cau hnh static routing:
Static routing hay static route c thiet lap bang tay thong qua lenh ip route nh sau:
maskSubnet mask
distanceGia tr cung cap bi ngi quan tr, nham ch o u tien (cost) cua
ng nh tuyen (tuy chon)
Trang 37/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Lenh ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1 at tai Router CiscoA xac nh: e
en c network 172.16.1.0 co subnet mask la 255.255.255.0 se phai qua a ch
172.16.2.1. a ch 172.16.20.1 chnh la a ch cua next-hop router (router CiscoB).
Dong lenh nay co the thay bang dong lenh khac tng ng nh sau:
Ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 serial 0.
Vi serial 0 la ten interface phai i qua cua router CicsoA e en c network
172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0.
Gia tr distance mac nh cua static route la 1. Noi chung cac gia tr distance cua static
route nho hn rat nhieu so vi cac gia tr cua dynamic route. V du nh RIP co distance la
120, IGRP: 100, OSPF: 110. ieu o co ngha la ket noi thong qua static route co o hoi
tu va toc o nhanh hn so vi dynamic route. Nguyen nhan cua viec nay la do static
route khong can phai mat thi gian cap nhat bang routing table va la chon ng nh
tuyen trong routing table trc khi a ra quyet nh chuyen d lieu. o cung la ly do tai
sao ma static route thng c chon khi he thong co ket noi n gian.
Neu co nhieu static route co the at en ch, distance c s dung e xac nh cac o
u tien khac nhau cho tng ng. Router se chon ng nao co distance nho nhat co
the e truyen d lieu.
Cau lenh show ip route thng c s dung e xac nh cac route a c cau hnh va
cach cau hnh cac route o bang static hay dynamic routing, noi cach khac lenh nay hien
th thong tin ve bang routing table.
V du:
CiscoA#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Trang 38/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Router(config)#Ipx routing
e la chon routing protocol ta s dung lenh router . Cac cau hnh cac routing protocol
se c trnh bay tuan t trong phan sau:
Cau hnh RIP:
RIP la mot distance vector routing protool c nh ngha au tien bi RFC
1058. Routing information trong RIP c router chuyen sang cac route ben
canh thong qua IP broadcast s dung UDP protocol va port 520.
RIP co hai verion: RIP version 1 la classful routing protocol, no khong ho tr cho
viec quan ba thong tin ve network mask. RIP version 2 la classless protocol ho
tr cho CIDR (Classless Interdomain Routing), VLSM (Variable-length subnet
mask), route summarization va security thong qua qua trnh authentication bang
plain text hay ham bam MD5.
Cau hnh RIP routing protocol gom 3 bc c ban: 1) cho phep router s dung
RIP protocol; 2) quyet nh RIP version va 3) xac nh network va cac interface
chu anh hng cua RIP va thuoc qua trnh cap nhat routing information..
1. e cho phep router s dung RIP protocol, dung lenh router rip
Trang 39/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
RIProuter(config-router)#network 131.108.0.0
RIProuter(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
RIProuter(config-router)#^Z
Ngoai ra hnh 4.4 cung trnh bay mot v du ve cau hnh RIP cho trng hp trong
hnh.
Trang 40/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Hnh 4.5
Cung nh RIP, IGRP s dung IP broadcast e lu chuyen thong tin ve routing
gia cac router. Tuy nhien IGRP khong da tren UDP hay TCP ma da tren cac
transport protocol cua chnh no e lien ket cac thong tin ve routing. giong nh
UDP, IGRP khong co c che phan hoi.
Do khong co nhieu version nh RIP, cau hnh IGRP ch co 2 bc:
1. Cho phep router s dung IGRP: dung lenh router igrp process-id, process-id
la mot so nguyen co the nhan gia tr bat ky t 1 en 65535 co nhiem vu phan
biet cac tien trnh khac nhau cua IGRP tren cung mot router.
2. Xac nh network va cac interface chu anh hng cua IGRP: tng t nh
RIP, IGRP dung lenh network network vi phng phap tng t.
IGRProuter#configure
Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]?
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Trang 41/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Trang 42/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Lenh Mo ta
Trang 43/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
ipx network network [encapsulation Lenh nay cho phep binds IPX network
encapsulation-type [secondary]] number va frame type cho interface. Neu
khong xac nh frame type th 802.3 se la
default, cac type co the gan la
novell-ether Novell Ethernet 802.3
arpa Novell Ethernet II
sap IEEE 802.2
snap IEEE 802.2 SNAP
ipx route network network.node Lenh nay xac nh che o static IPX route.
Trng au tien xac nh IPX network
nuber cua ch. Trng th hai xac nh
IPX address cua netx hop. Thong thng
vi che o dynamic, routing information se
c t ong cap nhat thong qua ip
protocol (IPX RIP/SAP), tuy nhien trong
trng hp nay do routing protocol a b
disable ta phai xac nh cu the bang tay
thong qua internal va external network
number.
ipx sap service-type name network.node Dung trong static route nham xac nh loai
IPX-socket hop-count dch vu, (4=file service, name la ten Server
cua mang ch, network.node la IPX
address cua Server, IPX-socket la IPX-
socket number, hop-count la so hop en
serverce. 2000 ay la internal IPX
network number cua file server,
Trang 44/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
YZ
Trang 45/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
4.3 Th du cu the.
Cac th du cu the sau se minh hoa cho phan ly thuyet c trnh bay phan tren. Vi
muc ch cung cap nhieu v du minh hoa va giup cac ban co the tham khao chung toi
trnh bay them mot so v du ve cach cau hnh cac lien ket leased line cho cac he thong
mang co s dung protocol IPX. Cac cau lenh ve IPX co the tham khao t phan tren.
4.3.1 IP only
Static
end <*>
Dynamic
Trang 46/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Trang 47/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Trang 48/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
end <*>
Dynamic
Trang 49/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Static
Trang 50/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Dynamic
Trang 51/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
login !
line aux 0 <*> end <*>
line vty 0 4
password telnet
login <*>
!
end <*>
YZ
Trang 52/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
(trang thai lien ket c tm thay bang lenh show interface interface trong o interface la
ten cua interface ket noi vi ng leased line).
Serial x is up, line Cac s co co the xay ra la: Thc hien viec kiem tra
protocol is down. DSU/CSU loopback. Trong
Cau hnh sai gia hai
qua trnh loopback go lenh
router hai au
show interface serial x, neu
Remote router khong line protocol chuyen sang
gi keepalive packet. trang thai up, th loi thuoc nha
Truc trac ng leased cung cap dch vu hay do
line. remote router b down
Serial x is up, line Gay nen do trang thai lap Dung lenh show running
protocol is up cua ng truyen. config e xem xet co interface
(looped). nao b cau hnh di dang loop
hay khong. Neu co, bo trang
thai nay i.
Trang 53/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
YZ
Trang 54/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Trang 55/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
V du khac la viec truy cap internet bang dial-up, khi o cac user s dung mdem e dial-
up vao he thong mang cua ISP trc khi co the truy cap vao internet thong qua ISP o.
e mot ngi dung co the truy cap c mot he thong mang LAN bang dial-up th may
tnh cua ngi dung can phai ket noi vi modem, va router cua mang LAN ma ngi
dung truy cap vao cung c gan t nhat 1 modem. (xem hnh ve)
Trong cac phan trnh bay sau, chung toi se trnh bay cach cau hnh Cisco router cho cac
trng hp cu the.
YZ
Trang 56/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Hnh 5.6
5.2.3 Line
Line trong khai niem cua Cisco ch mot lien ket ket noi vao router thong qua mot
interface nao o cua Cisco router. Cisco chia ra 4 loai line: console, auxiliary,
asynchronous, va virtual terminal lines c trnh bay nh bang sau:
Trang 57/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
TTY Asynchronous La cong bat ong bo. c s Khoang gia tr dung e anh so ln.
dung mot cach mac nh cho So line TTY tng ng vi so lng
cac phien ket noi bang cach cua cac modem (trong trng hp
quay so cua cac node xa khi modem c tch hp san) hoac la so
cac phien ket noi nay dung lng cac cong bat ong bo c ho
giao thc nh la SLIP, PPP, tr bi router.
ARA, va XRemote.
VTY Virtual c s dung cho mot phien So line TTY cuoi tr cho 2.
asynchronous noi ket vao bang Telnet, LAT,
X.25 PAD, va cac giao thc ket
noi vao cong ong bo tren
router (nh la ethernet port va
serial).
Router khac nhau co so lng cac line khac nhau. Hnh sau ch ra luat anh so th t
line cua Cisco
n: la so th t cua line
Trang 58/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Line 0 danh cho Console, line 1 en 8 la nhng line TTY, line 9 la Auxiliary port, va line
10 en 14 la nhng line VTY t 0 en 4.
oi vi router 3640 04 slot va mot module gom 16 cong Async gan vao slot th 3 (so slot
va cong anh t 0 tr i) cac cong async tng ng vi cac line t 97 en 112 v
Cong au tien (port 0): n = 32x3 + 0 + 1 = 97
Cong cuoi cung (port 15): n =32x3 + 15 + 1 = 112.
So th t line se lien quan en viec cau hnh line c trnh bay trong cac phan sau:
5.2.4 Interface
Cac interface dung cho dial-up co 3 dang chu yeu sau
Asynchronous Interface: dang c ban ban au cua interface dung cho dial-up. Cau
hnh async interface la xac nh cac ac iem ve cac protocol cho cac ket noi t xa
(co the la remote PC hay remote router).
Group Asynchronous Interface: Dang nay bao gom mot nhom cac async interface vat
ly thanh vien, c s dung e n gian hoa viec cau hnh router: cau hnh cua
group thc hien tung t nh cau hnh mot async interface rieng le va cau hnh o se
c t ong phan bo cho cac interface thanh vien.
Trang 59/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Virtual Template Interface: La dang interface ao thng dung trong cac dialer
interface, cau hnh multi-link, VPN. Thanh vien cua virtual interface co the la async
interface hay group async interface.
Trong phan trnh bay nay chung toi ch e cap en dialer interface (hnh 5.11), thng
c cau hnh khi co yeu cau s dung dial-on-demand ti nhieu ch va can nhan cuoc
goi t nhieu nguon khac nhau. Khi o mot interface ao se c tao ra, ai dien cho tat ca
cac interface vat ly la thanh vien cua no. Khi co yeu cau quay so hay nhan cuoc goi, no
se t ong s dung cac interface thanh vien nao toi u nhat e am nhan cong viec.
Trang 60/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Trang 61/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
modem cho mot user la khong can thiet. e tan dung c toi a cong suat cua cac
ng truyen, giam bi chi ph, ngi ta co the s dung chung mot so line (interface) cho
tat ca cac ket noi. (V du nh 3 line (03 async interface, 03 modem) co the c s dung
chung cho 10 ket noi). Khi co nhu cau quay so ra (dial-out) router se t ong chon cac
ng ket noi con ranh e thc hien ket noi. ay chnh la muc ch cua rotary-group.
Vai interface vat ly tch hp thanh mot dialer interface(xem phan tren e biet dialer
interface) c goi la rotary group. Mot rotery group hanh ong nh mot interface thong
thng trong ket noi dial-up. Khi co yeu cau gi d lieu, rotary group se phan bo ket noi
line o vao cac interface thanh vien nao ranh.
Trong hnh 5.11 cac interface S0:0, S0:1, S0:2, S0:3 c nhom lai thanh 1 rotary group,
khi co yeu cau rotary group tiep nhan cac yeu cau gi d lieu nh mot dialer interface va
phan bo vao cac interface con ranh.
YZ
Trang 62/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
5.3 Modem
Trong phan trnh bay nay chung toi gii thieu cac khai niem c ban ve modem, thanh
phan quan trong khong the thieu trong ket noi dial-up.
5.3.1 Modem la g?
Cac d lieu trong may tnh la cac tn hieu so (digital) trong khi cac tn hieu tren ng
truyen dial-up la tn hieu dang analog. Do o, phai s dung mot thiet b e chuyen oi
qua lai cac dang tn hieu. Thiet b o chnh la modem.
Modem la t viet tat cua modulator-demodulator la thiet b ma hoa va giai ma cac xung
ien, co nhiem vu chuyen oi tn hieu analog sang digital va ngc lai.
Nh trong hnh 5.12 tn hieu so t may tnh se qua modem, chuyen thanh tn hieu analog
va i en cac bo phan chuyen mach cua Bu ien, tn hieu gia cac tong ai la cac tn
hieu digital nhan c t cac bien ieu PCM cua cac tn hieu analog. au ben nhan,
tn hieu c chuyen oi theo chieu ngc lai PCM analog digital e i vao may
tnh nhan.
RS-232 la chuan giao tiep gia modem va thiet b cuoi (PC). Phan tai lieu nay khong e
cap chi tiet en cac ac tnh cua chuan nay ma se trnh bay s lc ve vai tro cua mot so
chan cam va tn hieu ieu khien lien quan en modem phan sau.
Trong he thong mang dial-up, modem ong vai tro la DCE (Data Communication
Equipment), DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) la cac may tnh cua ngi dung xa hay
cac router
Hnh 5.13 cho thay mo hnh giao tiep DTE-DCE trong ket noi dial-up .
5.3.2 Phan loai modem
Co nhieu cach phan loai modem trong o cach phan loai ve cach bien ieu d lieu va toc
o modem la thng dung nhat. Cac chuan bien ieu se quyet nh toc o truyen cua
modem.
Trang 63/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
V.90: 56 Kbps
Trang 64/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
V du trong hnh 5.10 cho thay toc o khi d lieu truyen t DTE den modem la
115.2kbps, qua modem vi o nen 4:1 mac du d lieu truyen tren ng truyen vi toc
o 28.8kbps.
Hnh sau cho thay nhng toc o ng truyen tren ly thuyet theo chuan cua modem va
toc o tren ng truyen sau khi qua modem vi o nen 4:1
Hnh 5.15: Cac chuan bien ieu va toc o ket noi toi a cua modem.
5.3.3 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)
Nh phan tren ta thay vi chuan V90 va chuan nen V42 bis, ket noi DTE-modemco the
at c toc o toi a 224000bps. Tuy nhien trong may tnh (DTE) ta ch thay toc o toi
a la 115200bps. Toc o truyen c gii han bi loai UART ieu khien truyen thong qua
RS-232 cua PC. UART la mot thanh phan cua PC co trach nhiem to chc, sap xep cac
hoat ong thong tin c truyen bat ong bo tren serial port. Do o se quan ly toc o
truyen tren modem external (v modem external ket noi vi may tnh qua serial port).
Cac modem internal co mot UART rieng trong modem.
Hnh sau cho thay v tr cua mot UART :
Bo thu
d lieu
UART
UART
PSTN/
ISDN
Modem Modem
16450
Trang 65/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
16550af
Router
au noi Loai cap.
port
Male DB-25 AUX tren
DB-25 Straight-through DB-25F -- DB25M RS-232
Cisco 4000, 7000,
DTE cable.
7200, and 7500.
Trang 66/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
RJ-45 AUX hay CON on the Rolled RJ-45--RJ-45 cable va adapter co ghi
Cisco 2500, 2600, "MODEM" (part number CAB-25AS-MMOD).
3600, AS5200 va
AS5300.
au cam vao modem theo chuan EIA/TIA RS-232 gom 25 chan cam (pin), nhng ch co
8 chan la tham gia vao qua trnh ket noi DCE-DTE. 8 chan nay phan ra lam 3 nhom :
Data transfer group
Hardware flow control group
Modem control group
Trang 67/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Tn hieu Mo ta
RTS Request To Send. DTE co buffer san sang e cha nhng d lieu en t DCE.
Tn hieu nay dung cho may tnh hoac router bao cho modem trc khi d lieu
c gi.
CTS Clear To Send. DCE co buffer san sang e lay d lieu t DTE. Tn hieu nay do
modem bao cho may tnh khi modem gi d lieu.
DTR Data terminal ready. Tn hieu nay ieu khien ieu khien bi DTE. DTE bao cho
DCE la thiet b (may tnh hoac router) a connect va san sang e nhan data.
CD Carrier Detect. Tn hieu nay c ieu khien bi DCE, ch ra rang a thiet lap
tn hieu song mang vi DCE xa (DCE-to-DCE connection).
DSR Data Set Ready (pin 6). DCE san sang e s dung. Pin nay khong c dung
trong ket noi modem. DSR hoat ong ngay khi modem c bat len.
Lenh AT Mo ta
Trang 68/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Lenh AT Mo ta
AT&H1 CTS
YZ
Trang 69/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
e cau hnh dial-up, phai thc hien cac cong viec sau:
Thiet lap cac thong so c ban cua he thong at ten host, thiet lap cac dch vu nh service
timestamps debug uptime, Service timestamps
log uptime, service password-encryption
Mo ta username va password Ten va password cua router hoac ngi dung ket
noi en.
Cau hnh cac chat script Xac nh cac thong so e khi tao ng truyen:
khi tao modem va mot so thong so khac.
Cau hnh cho cac interface Cau hnh cho ethernet interface, async interface,
async group interface, dialer interface. Cac thong
so can cau hnh la :
- Interesting traffic (co the cau hnh trc tiep
hay thong qua access list)
- Cau hnh compression (neu can)
- Cau hnh encapsulation (thng la ppp)
- Cac lenh cau hnh Dialer (dialer in-band,
dialer map) khi dial-out.
- Cau hnh authentication
Dialer interface Thng dung trong viec quay so ra. Bao gom cac
lenh cau hnh dialer interface thanh rotary group
va cac lenh tng t nh async interface, group-
async interface. Sau o gan cac interface rieng le
vao trong rotary-group.
Cau hnh line Line console, line vty, line noi modem
Trang 70/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Line console Password truy cap line (password can khi truy
cap vao router thong qua console port)
Line vty Password truy cap line (password can khi telnet
vao router)
Cac phan sau se mo ta lai chi tiet ve cac cong viec e cau hnh ng dila-up a c
mo ta tren.
5.4.1 Cac thong so c ban cua he thong
Xem cac phan tren e cau hnh cac service, host Co the bo qua phan nay (ch can cau
hnh host khi cau hnh ket noi router-to-router).
5.4.2 Lenh mo ta username va password
Username va password c s dung trong qua trnh authentication (se trinh bay chi tiet
phan sau). Trong trng hp RAS (PC quay so bang modem vao router) username va
password ay se c gan cho cac user khi truy cap. Con trong trng hp ket noi
router-to-router, username chnh la ten cua router ket noi vi router ang cau hnh va
password c ch nh thong nhat cho ca hai router.
e xac nh username va password ta dung lenh sau:
Trang 71/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Lenh chat-script Mo ta
TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT Ch CONNECT trong vong 30 giay. Neu khong ngat ket noi.
Trang 72/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
e khi ong chat-script tren mot line dung lenh start-chat che o privileged EXEC:
Router#start-chat regexp [line-number [dialer-string]]
Dong lenh tren cung cap mot lenh ket noi vao modem. oi so regexp is c dung e
ch nh ten cua modem script c chay.
5.4.4 Cau hnh cho Interface
Cac lenh chung
Compression
Compression (nen d lieu) la mot cach hieu qua e tan dung bang thong trong viec
truyen d lieu tren ng truyen.
Cac loai compression c ho tr vi Cisco IOS la:
TCP/IP header compression : Dung thuat toan Van Jacobson e nen header. Phng
phap nay c s dung hieu qua khi ma goi tin nho ch bao gom vai byte d lieu (v du
nh mot lenh Telnet)
Payload compression (con goi la per-vitual circuit compression)Nen phan d lieu trong
packet nhng khong nen phan header.Bi v header khong b nen lai nen packet co the
chuyen c qua cac mang WAN co dung router.
Link compression (con goi la per-interface compression) : Nen ca phan header va phan
d lieu. Loai nen nay hu hieu trong moi trng point-to-point.
Header Payload
Uncompressed (default)
Header compression
Payload compression
Link compression
Cac lenh compression ap dung tren cac interface mode (Router (config-if)#)
o Lenh nen header cua nhng packet truyen theo TCP:
Router (config-if)# ip tcp header-compression [passive]
o Lenh nen payload cho nhng giao tiep point-to-point:
Router (config-if)# frame-relay payload-compress
o Cau hnh nen cho nhng lien ket LAPB, PPP, HDLC:
Router (config-if) compress [predictor | stacker]
(predictor va stacker la hai thuat toan nen thng gap cua Cisco router trong
o thuat toan predictor chiem dung bo nh nhieu con thuat toan stacker
chiem dung CPU nhieu hn)
Encapsulation
Cau lenh:
Trang 73/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
He thong dial-up thng s dung giao thc ong goi point-to-point. Do o encapsulation-
type thng la ppp:
Router(config-if)# encapsulation ppp
Cac lenh dialer
Cac lenh dialer co the ap dung cho viec cau hnh async interface, group async interface
hay dialer interface e xac nh interesting traffice, xac nh che o dial-on-demand, xac
nh cach quay so
Trang 74/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
171.68.12.0
131.108.126.1 131.108.126.2
Router A Router B
PSTN/
ISDN BR0 171.68.14.0
5551234
Hnh 5.19:
Trang 75/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Hnh 5.21: ket noi routerrouter: username chnh la ten cua router, password phai c
quy dnh thong nhat gia cac router
PAP khong phai la mot phng phap authentication manh v password c gi tren
ng lien ket di dang clear-text (khong c ma hoa)
o CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol).
Phng phap nay an toan hn PAP. Server ma c truy cap vao gi 1 challenge
message en remote client sau khi lien ket PPP c thiet lap . Remote client se tra li
gia tr ma a c tnh toan bang ham bam one-way hash (mac nh la MD5). Router
c truy cap kiem tra cau tra li o neu ung th viec authentication hoan thanh, ngc
lai th se ngat ket noi.
Hnh 5.22
Cac bc hoat ong cua CHAP c mo ta chi tiet bang cac hnh sau:
Bc 1:
Trang 76/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Bc 2:
Bc 3:
Bc 4 :
Trang 77/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Trong mot so trng hp quay so ra ma ket noi ben ngoai khong phai la router ma la mot
Server c cau hnh dch vu RAS hay RRAS, router phai s dung lenh e gi user
name va password ti Server:
Physical-layer {sync | Dong lenh nay xac nh che o hoat ong cua interface la sync hay
async} async, ap dung cho cac interface dang A/S, dang sync la default nen e
s dung cho dial-up ta phai chuyen che o async cho interface.
async dynamic address Cho phep client la chon ip address mot cach linh ong khi quay so vao.
IP address co the la do user t gan hay nhan c t cac pool, dhcp hay
c router gan co nh.
Trang 78/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
async mode dedicated Thiet lap che o dedicated asynchronous network trong o client bat
buoc phai chon mot trong hai dang ket noi: ppp hay slip. Neu ket noi ch
s dung ppp hay slip nen s dung lenh nay.
async mode interactive Thiet lap che o interactive tren ket noi async trong o client co the tuy
chon ket noi slip, ppp hay exec tuy thuoc vao EXEC command (ppp hay
slip) ma client o nhap vao khi c yeu cau. Khi s dung lenh nay cac
lenh auto select va mot so lenh khac trong line configuration mode mi
co hieu lc.
async dynamic routing Cau hnh async interface la dynamic routing, cho phep routing protocol:
RIP, IGRP, OSPF, thng c dung chung vi lenh async mode
dedicated
async default routing T ong cau hnh async interfcae cho cac routing protocol.
Trang 79/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
interface group-async 1
group-range 2 7
V du sau cho thay nhu cau cau hnh theo nhom se co li ra sao :
Cau hnh asynchronous interfaces 1, 2, va 3 rieng re :
interface Async1
ip unnumbered Ethernet0
encapsulation ppp
async default ip address 172.30.1.1
async mode interactive
async dynamic routing
!
interface Async2
ip unnumbered Ethernet0
encapsulation ppp
async default ip address 172.30.1.2
async mode interactive
async dynamic routing
!
interface Async3
ip unnumbered Ethernet0
!
encapsulation ppp
async default ip address 172.30.1.3
async mode interactive
async dynamic routing
Va cung cau hnh 3 interface nh tren nhng khi ta gom chung lai e cau hnh cho group
th viec cau hnh se n gian va nhanh chong hn :
interface Group-Async 0
ip unnumbered Ethernet0
encapsulation ppp
async mode interactive
async dynamic routing
group-range 1 3
member 1 async default ip address 172.30.1.1
member 2 async default ip address 172.30.1.2
member 3 async default ip address 172.30.1.3
Trang 80/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Dialer interface la mot interface ao co the bao gom async interface hay group async
interface. Tat ca cac lenh s dung cho async interface hay group async interface eu co
the ap dung cho dialer interface.
Cac lenh sau ay la cac lenh ac biet dung e khi tao dialer interface.
Lenh Mo ta
Router(config)# interface dialer number Tao mot dialer interface dung e cau hnh rotary
group
Router(config-if)# dialer rotary-group number at mot interface vat ly vao trong mot dialer
rotary group Lenh nay at cac interface thanh
vien cua dialer rotary-group.
Sau khi go lenh nay tai cac interface thanh vien,
cac interface thanh vien se nhan c cau hnh
tng t nh cau hnh cua dialer interface.
131.108.126.2
131.108.126.1 2500-A
BR0 3262222
PSTN/
4000 ISDN
BR3
32621111
131.108.124.0 3261111
2500-B
131.108.126.3
171.68.14.0
Trang 81/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Cau hnh nh tren cho phep 04 BRI interface hoat ong di s ieu khien cua dialer
interface. Khi co yeu cau ket noi ra ngoai, dialer interface se chon bat ky mot BRI
interface nao con ranh e thc hien quay so. Khi co cuoc goi vao va neu s dung dch vu
trt so cua ISDN (04 ng vi 01 so duy nhat), dialer interface cung se phan bo cuoc
goi o vao interface nao ang ranh.
5.4.5 Cau hnh line
Cac cach cau hnh console, vty line a c trnh bay trong phan trc, v vay trong phan
nay chung toi ch trnh bay cach cau hnh cac tham so cho tty line:
Lenh Mo ta
Vao che o cau hnh 1 line line-number1 hoac cau hnh t line-
number1 en line-number2
Line line-number1 [line-
V du sau vao che o cau hnh line e cau hnh t line 1 en 16:
number2]
(config)#line 1 16
(config-line)#
Modem inout Cho phep ket noi modem dng goi en va goi ra
Modem dialin Cau hnh cho line t ong tra li mot modem
Trang 82/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Lenh Mo ta
Transport input all Cho phep bat c giao thc transport nao.
modem autoconfigure T ong phat hien ra loai modem ang gan vao e t ong gan
discovery cac thong so cua modem o.
Trang 83/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Hnh 5.24: Man hnh xuat khi s dung lenh show line
YZ
Trang 84/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Hnh 5.25: V du remote user-router, s dung 01 modem (cau hnh async interface)
Vi mo hnh nh tren, can phai cau hnh cac bc nh sau:
Cau hnh mot ng asynchronous tren access server vi PPP encapsulation
Cau hnh mot interface tren access server e modem noi vao; intreface nay cung
phai cau hnh sao cho chap nhan cuoc goi t modem (incoming call)
Cau hnh 1 a ch IP mac nh cho ng day goi en. a ch IP nay ch nh a ch
cua remote PC ket noi en server.
Access Server c cau hnh trang thai async mode dedicated
ip routing
!
interface ethernet 0
ip address 192.168.32.12 255.255.255.0
!
interface async 1
encapsulation ppp
async mode dedicated
async default ip address 192.168.32.51
async dynamic address
ip unnumbered ethernet 0
line 1
autoselect ppp
modem callin
speed 19200
5.5.2 V du 2:
V du nay cung la mo hnh remote user ket noi vao central. Router ma cac user ket noi
vao c gan nhieu modem. Moi mot bo bao gom username va password se cau hnh
cho moi user muon ket noi vao.
Trang 85/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Hnh 5.26: V du remote user-router, s dung 16 modem (cau hnh group async interface)
4 Async mode dedicated Cau hnh che o dedicated cho cac interface
Trang 86/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
!
username jason password foo
username laura password letmein
username russ password opensesame
username syed password bar
username tito password knockknock
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 192.168.39.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0
no ip address
!
interface Serial1
no ip address
!
interface Group-Async1
ip unnumbered ethernet0
encapsulation ppp
async mode dedicated
peer default ip address pool dialup
no cdp enable
ppp authentication chap
group-range 1 16
!
ip local pool dialup 192.168.39.239 192.168.39.254
!
line con 0
login
line 1 16
login local
modem InOut
transport input all
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
exec-timeout 20 0
password letmein
login
!
end
YZ
Trang 87/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
oi vi mo hnh router-router dial-up th mot router phai ong vai tro answering va mot
router ong vai tro dialing.
e cau hnh router-router dial-up, phai cau hnh cho ca router answering va router dialing
trong o router dialing phai c cau hnh cho viec quay so ra bao gom chat-script, dialer
map, ip route Lenh ip route dung e thiet lap static route (a trnh bay phan config
leased line:
ip route network [mask] {address|interface} [distance] [permanent]
Trang 88/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Trang 89/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
router rip
network 172.16.0.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.10.1
ip route 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.255 async 1
!
access-list 100 deny ip 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0
access-list 100 permit ip 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
!
dialer-list 1 list 100
!
line con 0
line aux 0
modem InOut
speed 115200
script reset rstusr
flowcontrol hardware
!
line vty 0 4
password test
login
!
end
Ta co the khong s dung lenh ip unnumbered ma gan a ch trc tiep cho cong async
nh sau:
Cau hnh answering access server (Snoopy):
interface Async1
ip address 172.16.30.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation ppp
peer default ip address 172.16.30.2 ( hay async dynamic address eu c)
async dynamic routing
async mode dedicated
dialer idle-timeout 300
dialer map ip 172.16.30.2 name Woodstock broadcast
ppp authentication chap
dialer-group 1
Trang 90/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
!
router rip
network 172.16.0.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.30.1
ip route 172.16.30.1 255.255.255.255 async 1
!
YZ
Trang 91/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Router(config-if)#
Lenh thiet lap thi gian bat ng backup khi co s co
Backup delay {enable | never}
{disable-delay | never}
Trang 92/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
YZ
Trang 93/94
Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
6 Tong ket.
Tai lieu nay c bien soan da theo cac tai lieu cua Cisco: Documentation CD-ROM,
Internet va tren cac kinh nghiem thc te. Cac van e a c trnh bay trong tai lieu nay
la ch la cac van e c ban va thng gap nhat khi cau hnh Cisco Router. Mac du het
sc co gang chung toi cung khong the trnh bay het tat ca cac lenh can thiet cua Cisco
IOS co lien quan en cac van e a c trnh bay. Chung toi ch hy vong vi mot chut
kinh nghiem cua nhng ngi i trc, cuon tai lieu nay se giup cac ban t nhat cung lam
quen c vi Cisco Router, lam quen c vi cach cau hnh Cisco router mc c
ban. T do co the tiep can cac van e mi, phc tap hn lien quan en cong nghe va
san pham cua Cisco noi rieng va cua cac hang khac noi chung.
YZ
Trang 94/94