Clipped Optimal

MR

Bouc-Wen
MR




o Frahm.1909, Ormondroyd & Hartog.1928, Jacob Rabinow .1940 ,

Phillips .1969, Ehrgott & Masri .1992, Ohrui .1994, Dyke .1996,
Kelly .1997, Spencer Jr. 1997, Yang et al . 2001, 2002,


Variable Orifice Damper

Variable Stiffness Control Damper
Semi Active Tuned Mass Damper
Adjustable Tuned Liquid Column Damper
Controllable Fluid Damper





Electrorheological Dampers ER

Magnetorheological Dampers MR

))Magnetorheological Dampers

MR

... MR
 MR

Dubrovnik
 MR

Quasi-Static Models

Axisymmetric Model

Parallel-Plate Model

Dynamic Models

Non-Parametric Models

Parametric Models
(Phenomenological Model) Bouc-Wen

Bouc-Wen MR
 MR

MR n

MR

Lyapunov Controller
Decentralized Bang-Bang Control
Modulated Homogeneous Friction Algorithm
Maximum Energy Dissipation
Clipped Optimal Controller
 Clipped Optimal Control

1996 Dyke MR

Clipped Optimal
 Verify

MATLAB
Bouc - Wen MR
H 2 LQG Clipped Optimal

Dyke

MR

Passive Off
Passive On
Clipped Optimal

 Elcentro

clipped optimal -control passive on -control passive off -control uncontrolled structure

Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke

X1 (cm) 0.115 0.114 0.870 0.077 0.076 1.170 0.207 0.211 -2.080 0.552 0.538 -2.6394

X2 (cm) 0.186 0.185 0.538 0.195 0.196 -0.461 0.353 0.357 -1.277 0.841 0.820 -2.5488

X3 (cm) 0.212 0.212 -0.047 0.306 0.306 -0.164 0.456 0.455 0.307 0.977 0.962 -1.5800

d1 (cm) 0.115 0.114 0.870 0.077 0.076 1.170 0.207 0.211 -2.080 0.552 0.538 -2.6394

d2 (cm) 0.089 0.090 -1.124 0.157 0.158 -0.445 0.155 0.153 1.099 0.319 0.319 -0.1254

d3 (cm) 0.101 0.101 -0.099 0.111 0.110 0.542 0.105 0.103 1.624 0.204 0.201 -1.6418
2
a1 (cm/s ) 697 696 0.158 279 281 -0.558 416 420 -0.882 891 856 -4.0977
2
a2 (cm/s ) 737 739 -0.335 514 494 3.891 493 480 2.552 1080 1030 -4.8252
2
a3 (cm/s ) 702 703 -0.128 770 767 0.338 729 717 1.592 1422 1400 -1.5357

fMR (N) 953 941 1.249 981 979 0.254 262 258 1.390 _ _ _
Elcentro Clipped Optimal

1
Clipped Optimal
0.5

-0.5
Uncontrolled
-1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

Dyke
Passive-On Clipped-Optimal

Dyke

1400
1000
600
200
-200
-600 Passive-On
Clipped-Optimal
-1000 Voltage

-1400
0.5 1 1.5 2


Mode No. Period(sec.) E.M.M P.M.F P.M.F(Cumulative)

1 0.673 2.84E+06 91.41 91.41

2 0.24 2.33E+05 7.49 98.90
3 0.166 3.43E+04 1.10 100.00
 ETABS

BOX IPB360

Mode No. Period(sec.) E.M.M P.M.F P.M.F(Cumulative)

1 0.682 1.15E+06 79.04 79.04

2 0.259 1.88E+05 12.94 91.98
3 0.162 7.41E+04 5.09 97.07
4 0.129 1.89E+04 1.30 98.37
5 0.104 9.80E+03 0.67 99.04
6 0.083 1.41E+04 0.97 100.00
 MR

Elcentro

Year of Type of
Earthquake Site of Occurrence Distance (Km) PGA(g)
Occurrence Soil

Imperial
1940 ELCENTRO 12.99 C 0.341
Valley
 Elcentro

Elcentro
 MR




 MR

 MR

X1 (cm) 3.833 3.417 4.086 3.599 3.884 3.656 5.015

X2 (cm) 7.298 6.730 7.500 6.799 7.354 6.902 8.788

X3 (cm) 9.288 8.718 9.264 8.742 9.244 8.773 11.004

Elcentro
d1 (cm) 3.833 3.417 4.086 3.599 3.884 3.656 5.015

d2 (cm) 3.488 3.337 3.504 3.233 3.492 3.345 4.009

d3 (cm) 2.005 1.988 1.895 1.948 1.976 1.893 2.550

a1 (g) 0.545 0.653 0.616 0.572 0.536 0.578 0.731

a2 (g) 0.700 0.623 0.784 0.656 0.742 0.659 0.818

a3 (g) 0.897 0.892 1.010 0.873 0.963 0.929 1.140

fMR1 (kN) 1330 1222 1062 1302 1276 1188 _

fMR2 (kN) 1330 1222 1062 1186 1117 1101 _

MR

X1 (cm) 23.58 31.87 18.53 28.24 22.55 27.09

X2 (cm) 16.95 23.42 14.66 22.63 16.31 21.46

X3 (cm) 15.59 20.78 15.82 20.56 15.99 20.28

d1 (cm) 23.58 31.87 18.53 28.24 22.55 27.09

d2 (cm) 13.00 16.77 12.61 19.37 12.89 16.56

d3 (cm) 21.35 22.05 25.69 23.61 22.52 25.75

a1 (g) 25.44 10.74 15.69 21.82 26.69 20.91

a2 (g) 14.41 23.87 4.11 19.75 9.26 19.38

a3 (g) 21.33 21.77 11.45 23.48 15.52 18.50

 15
Soft 3-Story Model, Elcentro (PGA=0.341g) Uncontrolled Structure (T=0.667)
Third Floor Displacement (cm) MR on Second Floor
10

-5

-10

-15
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time (sec)
1.5
Soft 3-Story Model, Elcentro (PGA=0.341g) Uncontrolled Structure (T=0.667)
MR on Second Floor

Third Floor Abs. Acceleration (g)

0.5

-0.5

-1

-1.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time (sec)
 MR

Elcentro

Displacement (cm)

clipped Passive Passive

Uncontrolled
optimal on off

1 5.015 3.833 23.58 3.900 22.228 4.636 7.55

2 8.788 7.298 16.95 7.568 13.881 8.213 6.54

3 11.004 9.288 15.59 9.503 13.638 10.566 3.98

1 5.015 3.417 31.87 3.622 27.771 4.554 9.19

2 8.788 6.730 23.42 6.539 25.591 8.129 7.50

3 11.004 8.718 20.78 8.703 20.909 10.584 3.81

1 5.015 4.086 18.53 4.056 19.115 4.576 8.76

2 8.788 7.500 14.66 7.532 14.294 8.188 6.82

3 11.004 9.264 15.82 9.315 15.350 10.577 3.88

1 5.015 3.656 27.09 3.610 28.011 4.563 9.02

2 8.788 6.902 21.46 6.612 24.760 8.150 7.26

3 11.004 8.773 20.28 8.414 23.534 10.576 3.89

Elcentro

Absolute Acceleration (g)

clipped Passive Passive

Uncontrolled
optimal on off

1 0.731 0.545 25.44 0.746 -1.997 0.727 0.57

2 0.818 0.700 14.41 0.876 -7.116 0.770 5.83

3 1.140 0.897 21.33 0.975 14.504 1.110 2.64

1 0.731 0.653 10.74 0.869 -18.835 0.741 -1.41

2 0.818 0.623 23.87 0.686 16.176 0.785 4.01

3 1.140 0.892 21.77 0.992 12.987 1.122 1.62

1 0.731 0.616 15.69 0.544 25.592 0.704 3.75

2 0.818 0.784 4.11 0.803 1.883 0.774 5.38

3 1.140 1.010 11.45 1.017 10.838 1.104 3.17

1 0.731 0.578 20.91 0.610 16.550 0.721 1.34

2 0.818 0.659 19.38 0.664 18.853 0.779 4.74

3 1.140 0.929 18.50 0.911 20.125 1.108 2.82

 Elcentro

6
Soft 3-Story Model, Elcentro (PGA=0.341g) Clipped Optimal
Passive-on
Passive-off
First Floor Displacement (cm)

-2

-4

-6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Time (sec)
 1
Soft 3-Story Model, Elcentro (PGA=0.341g) Clipped Optimal
First Floor Abs.Acceleration (g) 0.8 Passive-on

0.6

0.4

0.2

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
1 Time (sec) Clipped Optimal
Soft 3-Story Model, Elcentro (PGA=0.341g)
0.8 Passive-off
First Floor Abs.Acceleration (g)

0.6

0.4

0.2

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time (sec)
Elcentro MR

1500
Soft 3-Story Model, Elcentro (PGA=0.341g) Clipped Optimal
Passive-on
Passive-off
1000
Control Force (kN)

500

-500

-1000

-1500
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Time (sec)



B A


Elcentro

Displacement (cm) Drift (cm) Acceleration (g) f MR (kN)

controller controller controller controller controller controller controller controller

uncontrolled uncontrolled uncontrolled
A B A B A B A B

1 1.23 1.16 3.32 1.23 1.16 3.32 0.45 0.42 0.52 _ _

2 2.28 2.15 6.40 1.11 1.00 3.08 0.54 0.55 0.85 _ _

3 3.84 3.41 10.82 1.71 1.31 4.51 0.78 0.97 1.30 _ _

4 5.14 4.20 14.32 1.56 1.04 3.81 0.85 0.75 1.48 992 1010

5 6.78 5.06 17.80 1.90 1.65 4.44 0.82 0.73 1.69 1069 1244

6 7.70 5.85 20.26 1.06 1.27 2.47 0.90 1.07 2.08 _ _

B A Elcentro

25 Uncontrolled Structure
6-Story Model, Elcentro (PGA=0.341g)
Acc.Control
20 Dis.Control
Sixth Floor Displacement (cm)

15

10

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time (sec)
B A Elcentro

2.5 Uncontrolled Structure

6-Story Model, Elcentro (PGA=0.341g)
Acc.Control
Dis.Control
Sixth Floor Abs. Acceleration (g)

1.5

0.5

-0.5

-1.5

-2.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Time (sec)
 MR
)(

Displacement (cm) Drift (cm) Acceleration (g) f MR (kN)

clipped Passive Passiv clipped Passive Passive clipped Passive Passive clipped Passive Passiv
Uncontrolled Uncontrolled Uncontrolled
optimal on e off optimal on off optimal on off optimal on e off

1 1.43 1.53 2.39 3.32 1.43 1.53 2.39 3.32 0.54 0.46 0.49 0.52 1051 1096 114

2 2.74 3.03 4.60 6.40 1.32 1.50 2.22 3.08 0.64 0.73 0.76 0.85 _ _ _

3 4.51 4.95 7.75 10.82 2.15 2.15 3.19 4.51 1.04 1.18 1.24 1.30 _ _ _

4 6.38 6.42 10.14 14.32 1.96 1.78 2.77 3.81 0.89 1.22 1.15 1.48 1051 1107 114

5 8.58 8.39 12.75 17.80 2.33 2.42 3.32 4.44 1.05 1.05 1.27 1.69 _ _ _

6 9.69 9.45 14.58 20.26 1.15 1.72 1.92 2.47 0.98 1.44 1.61 2.08 _ _ _

Elcentro

8
6-Story Model, Elcentro (PGA=0.341g) Passive-off
Passive-on
Clipped Optimal
6
Third Floor Displacement (cm)

-2

-4

-6

-8
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Time (sec)
 1.5
6-Story Model , Elcentro (PGA=0.341g) Passive-on
Clipped Optimal
Third Floor Abs.Acceleration (g)

0.5

-0.5

-1

-1.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Time (sec)
1.5
6-Story Model , Elcentro (PGA=0.341g) Passive-off
Clipped Optimal
Third Floor Abs.Acceleration (g)

0.5

-0.5

-1

-1.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Time (sec)
 MR
Elcentro

1500
6-Story Model, Elcentro (PGA=0.341g) Passive-off
Passive-on
Clipped Optimal
1000
Control Force (kN)

500

-500

-1000

-1500
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Time (sec)


MR

B A
B
A

MR
Passive- Passive-Off
On
Passive-Off