6. Suppose v1,22, 02,24 is basis of V. Prove that yt enya basen tas is also basis of V. Solution: First, we need show that » +2, + v1,u1 + 04,4 is linear independent. Assume that = ales +02) +8 +03) +eles +04) + due, then avy + (a+bjun + (6+ cur + (c+ d)va = 0. Note that vy, 2,12, vis a basis of V, it follows that a = 0, 1 Then a =O, this means vy + ajo + 02,09 + v4, 04 is near wa (mtu) a= (mtm)— (mtu) +% and = (mbm) — (mn +0) + (004) 6, ‘ve cam conclude that 0,2, 09,04 can be expressed as linear combinations of vy + m,2 + v2, + 4st. Hence all veetors that ean be expressed 28 Hinear combinations of m9, 9,14 €an algo be linearly expressed bye tenses bees tency Lee bese bees + ey spans Ve Above all, tenn tune tas is alsoa basis of V. 11. Suppose that U and W are subspaces of R® such that dimU = 3, dim W = 5, and U + W = R*. Prove’ R’=UoW. Solution: By 2.43, we have dim(U NW) =dimU + dim W — dim(U + W) = 8 — dim(R*) =0. Hence UN W = {0}, combining with U + W = R%, it follows that R’ —U @ W. 17. Suppose py, Pr,“ *. Pm are polynomials in P,, (F) such that p;(2) — 0 for each j. Prove that po. Pi, +*°s Pra is not linearly independent in P,,(F). Solution: If po, 71, +++ Pm is linearly independent in P,,(F), then consider z, Po, Pi, +", Pm- By 2.23, we know that length of linearly independent list < length of spanning list. Beeause 1, 2, --., 2" is a spanning list of Prs(F), it follows that every linearly independent list in P,, (F) has length no more than m + 1. Now we obtain that 2, po, pi, ---, Pm is linearly dependent(of length m +2), then by Problem 11, there exist a, € Fsueh that = agpo(2) + axpr(z) + +++ + Geni Pms1(2). @) Note that p,(2) — 0 for each j, we deduce that 2 — 0 from (4). Hence we get a contradiction,3. (a) Let U be the subspace of Ik° defined by U = {(21,22523,24,25) CR: 21 = Bxg-and-2y = Tay Find a basis of U. (b) Extend the basis in part (a) to a basis of R°.(c) Find a subspace W of R® such that R'=Uo0W. Solution: (a) (3, 1,0, 0,0), (0, 0,7,1, 0) and (0,0, 0, 0,1).(b) (3,1,0, 0,0), (0,0, 7, 1,0), (0,0, 0,0,1), (1, 0,0,0, 0) and (0,0, 1,0,0).(e) W — span{(1, 0,0, 0,0), (0,0, 1, 0,0)} by (b). 12, Prove that the union of two subspaces of V is a subspace of V if and only if one of the subspaces is contained in the other. Solution: Suppose UV and W are two subspaces of V. We argue it by contradiction. If UU W is a subspace of V, moreover U ¢ Wand W ¢ U. Consider u € U\ W and w€ W\ U, then u+w € UUW since UU Wisa subspace of V. Hence u + w € U or W. Ifu + w¢ U, then w = (w+ w) uc U. We get a contradiction. If utwe W, then u = (u+w)—w € W. Wealso get a contradiction. Hence if UU W is a subspace of V, we must have 0 C Wor WCU. IfU CW or WCU. Without loss of generality, we can assume U C W. Then UUW = Wis obviously a subspace of V.