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a 3 b 3 = (a b )(a 2 + ab + b 2 )
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Q (x )
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Q (x )
(x ) (x )
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Q (x ) Q (x )
5 http://www.3elmo.com
4(05K2 (>
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lim x = 0
x 0
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lim u (x ) lim u (x )
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6 http://www.3elmo.com
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sin x cos x
cos x sin x
1
tan x 1 + tan2 x =
cos2 x
10 http://www.3elmo.com
W?@+7XJE+B
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lim f (x ) = a lim f (x ) = lim f (x ) =
x x x a
lim [ f (x ) ax ] = b lim [ f (x ) ax ] =
x x
W+</ (C f )
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15 http://www.3elmo.com
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n W!
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n x n y = n x y n
xn = x
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nx x
=n (y 0) n x =ny x =y
ny y
n x >ny x >y
nmx = nm x
W6I).
x y x y
3 x 3y = x y =
3
x + 3 x 3 y + 3 y x+ y
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lim n u (x ) lim u (x )
x x0 x x0
ln l0
+ +
#P + #P
^x 0 #PL, ^x 0 #
>^/<-
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16 http://www.3elmo.com
W41J
+ ^4 x n x #
1
u (x ) x ]0; +[ (n x ) =
x I ( n u (x ) ) = W
# n x n n 1
n n [u (x )]n 1
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1 1 1
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n
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r'
x r x r ' = x r +r ' (x r ) = x rr '
r r
(x y ) = x y
r r r
x = x r
y y
r 1
x = x r r = x r '
x r x r'
17 http://www.3elmo.com
4(05K2 +(#
un +1 = q un un +1 = un + r
1!-
q
@. q q
@. r
un = u p q n p un = u p + (n p )r
#
(p n ) (p n )
q n p +1 1
u p + ... + un = u p n p +1 1 (#$:,2
q 1 u + ... + u = u q
q 1
p n p
(q 1)
c b a
b = a c 2b = a + c (#$)*)
#- (un )n I n I un +1 un
) (un )n I n I un +1 = un
18 http://www.3elmo.com
W=
W * Wa) (n ) #=
<0 >0
lim n = 0 lim n = +
n + n +
(q n )
lim q n = 0 lim q n = 1 lim q n = +
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vn un wn
un l vn
lim u = l lim vn = l lim un = l
lim vn = 0 n n n + n
lim vn = l
n +
n +
un vn un vn
lim u = + lim u =
lim vn = + n + n lim vn = n + n
n + n +
W un +1 = f (un ) !
19 http://www.3elmo.com
4(05K2 Nc4(
3 dZ.^>P(+</-3 2^4(+8
F (x 0 ) = y0 WD#<!pe/y
WQ77)+(+F@(-E+! 0dWNc4(
WNH
20 http://www.3elmo.com
W+J4<(Nc4(4(
f (x ) F (x )
a ax + k
1
x x + k
2
1 1
+k
x x
1
2 x +k
x
x r +1
(r * {-1}) x r +k
r +1
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cos x sin x + k
1
1 + tan x = tan x + k
cos x
1
ln x + k
x
ex ex + k (k )
WNc4<(8((%S7JeN40
f (x ) F (x )
u ' (x )
2 u (x ) + k
u (x )
v ' (x ) 1
+k
[v (x )] v (x )
[u (x )] r +1
(r * {-1}) u ' (x ) [u (x )] r
+k
r +1
u ' (x )
ln u (x ) + k
u (x )
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u ' (x ) eu x ( )
eu x + k
1
(a 0) cos (ax + b ) sin (ax + b ) + k
a
1
(a 0) sin (ax + b ) cos (ax + b ) + k (k )
a
21 http://www.3elmo.com
4(05K2Q^,
WF \c8#
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d^L4 v u L#Mf I 3
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gL (v u =
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b b
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a a
\))
(o, i, j ) #
ok&
=
j i L"| o 0/
(#+0$
D. u.A $
#$
1.u . A = i j
22 http://www.3elmo.com
[a,b ]3
2^L4L (g f = [a,b ]3
2^4 (f =
7C g C f LnL 4 $
+>
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f (x ) dx + f (x ) dx .u.A
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[a;b ]3
2a
8(+>
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b
V = ( f (x ))dx u.v W.
a
| #$W uv
23 http://www.3elmo.com
4(05K20g 4(
ln (x + 1) ln x
lim =1 lim =1
x 0 x x 1 x 1
W41J
]0; +[ 3
d^4 x ln x #
24 http://www.3elmo.com
WS7J
I 3
2^U! (u =
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g
0g< (u c
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u ' (x ) x ]0; +[ (ln x ) =
x I (ln [u (x ) =
)]
'
W
# x
u (x )
x 0 1 +
ln x - +
1 l oga x = l oga y x = y
loga = loga x
x l oga x = r x = a r
x
loga = loga x logay
y
:1&=
0 <a <1 a >1
loga x < logay x < y loga x > logay x > y
lim loga x = lim loga x = +
x + x +
lim loga x = + lim loga x =
x 0+ x 0+
W7X#
1
x ]0, +[ ( loga x ) ' =
x ln a
25 http://www.3elmo.com
4(05K2c4(
1 x y ]0; +[
x =e
x
e e x = y x = ln y
ex x y (x ; y ) e x = ey x = y
y =e
e e x > ey x > y
W: 0;
WD. f #1!-,2 WD
,8U! f #
Df = f (x ) = e
x
D f = {x / x Du } f (x ) = e
u (x )
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lim e x = +
x +
lim e x = 0
x
xe
( n *) lim n = +
x + x
lim (x ne x ) = 0
x
ex 1
lim =1
x 0 x
W41J
^4 x e
x
#
26 http://www.3elmo.com
WS7J
a + {1} Wa) a Uhc(
expa W!
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@@#^,- loga ## W:1
WNH
(x ; y ) 2 x a x = e x ln a
a x a y = a x +y loga (a x ) = x
(a x ) = a r x
r
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x =a
a
ax x y x y ]0; +[
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x
a
W1&=
0 <a <1 a >1
a < ay x < y
x
a > ay x > y
x
lim a x = 0 lim a x = +
x + x +
x
lim a = + lim a x = 0
x x
x
a 1
lim = ln a
x 0 x
W7X#
(a x ) = (ln a ) a x
27 http://www.3elmo.com
4(05K2 (7+(c
= {z = a + ib / (a;b ) i = 1} WD.#/(#,2
Wi(7+(P@8
(a;b ) WM$
#/(# z = a + ib =
z v#/(#Y;^
,- a + ib
Re (z ) W!
j! z (#D// ^;, a (#
Im (z ) W!
j! z (#D^;, b (#
D//$(#. z OTU Im (z ) = 0 WO
8S& WjNHj)
U!>
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8S&
WE(7+(i1
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z = z Re (z ) = Re (z ) Im (z ) = Im (z )
Wi(7+(Q#/0
(o,e1,e2 ) oJ#
ok&
v#/=
28 http://www.3elmo.com
z z = z z zn = z n (n * )
z = z z = z
1 1 z z
= = (z ' 0)
z z z z
rei r ' ei ' = rr ' ei ( + ') [r , ] [r ', '] = [rr '; + '] arg (zz ') (arg z + arg z ') [2 ]
rei = rei [r , ] = [r, ] arg z arg z [2 ]
rei = re i( + ) [r, ] = [r, + ] arg z ( + arg z )[2 ]
arg z n n arg z [2 ]
( )
n
rei = r nein [r , ]n = r n ; n
1
1 1 i ' 1 1 arg arg z [2 ]
= e = ; ' z
r ' ei ' r' [r '; '] r ' z
arg (arg z arg z ') [2 ]
re i
r i ( ') [r ; ] r z'
= e = ; '
i ' r' [r '; '] r '
r 'e
z arg z = k
k [r, + 2k ] = [r, ]
( k )
z arg z = + k
2
W (a ) a) z z = a +#/)
W(
3$,2 W(
S = { a ; a } a>0
S = {0} a=0 z z = a
S = {i a ; i a } a <0
29 http://www.3elmo.com
(a 0) 77)+(Ac b a Wa) z az + bz + c = 0 W+#/)
W(
3$,2 W(
b b +
S = ; >0
2a 2a
z az 2 + bz + c = 0
S=
b
2a{ } =0
( = b2 4ac )
b i b + i
S = ; <0
2a 2a
D@#C" #/g*
AM = r z zA = r
r
"
% A
.8!r!#k&D,- M (r > 0)
AM = BM
z zA = z zB
[AB ] @k&D,- M
zC z A
A ao
gME ABC = r ;
zB zA 2
zC z A
A aLg
v
ME ABC = [1; ]
zB zA
zC z A
A ao
gLg
v
ME ABC = 1;
zB zA 2
zC z A
:*Av
ME ABC = 1;
zB zA 3
30 http://www.3elmo.com
4(05K2 "&J+#
WA
(,
+ WA
(
b
y (x ) = eax y ' = ay + b
a (a 0)
( )
WA
(,
+ W+</-,
( W,
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WA
(
y (x ) = er1x + er2x L//$L$
>0
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y (x ) = (x + )erx
r #$
//$*$ =0
(, ) WM$ r + ar + b = 0
y ''+ ay '+ by = 0
WL/UQL#/L$ ( = a 4b )
y (x ) = ( cos qx + sin qx )e px r1 = p iq
<0
(, ) WM$
r2 = p + iq
31 http://www.3elmo.com
4(05K2 Mm&(Z
(o, i , j , k ) !%
<oJ#
ok&
B=Z.6
@a
Q=#F@(J=OIJQ0F@(W4%Y
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u = a + b + c
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b b' a a' a a'
u v = j b b ' = i j + k
c c ' c c ' b b '
k c c'
Wk#
WD. B A L0/L U
AB = (x B x A ) + (yB yA ) + (z B z A )
WD. ax + by + cz + d = 0 j(
(P ) = M 0/U
ax M + byM + cz M + d
d (M , ()) =
a + b + c
AM u
d (A, ()) = WD. (A, u ) o/= M 0/U
u
W` +
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WD. R
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% (a,b, c )
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32 http://www.3elmo.com
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0gP#$P (S ) U(
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AB
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2
() : ax + by + cz + d = 0 ` S (, R) knR71
() ^ 8!,v(,/ H =
d = H = d (; ()) WHB
(S ) H0/ (P )
(S ) H0/ () o/ (S ) q
J () o/ (S ) )( o/
LL0/a H 0/a O
h
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33 http://www.3elmo.com
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W 0;QM
W:1
CardE W!
j! E ,d(
>!#. E ",2D
Card = 0 WNH)
WNH
O
"O
,2 B A
Card (A B ) = CardA + CardB Card (A B )
W 0;O0
W:1
E ",2= A =
A W!
C!r,dD. E ,|,<
A o,
A = {x E / x A} M$
WI).
AA =
AA = E
cardA = cardE cardA
W+(QcA(#
(p *) \
p
"|
t0- !}Y
8 n1 Fo3\
5O
8S&
8 n2 FoD
E\
5O
8
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8 n p Fo p
\5O
8
n1 n2 n3 ... n p W#;.,(
#OTU
W8j(81C- 81C
W81C
(p n ) * ==!4 p n =
n p W.!4 n L =!4 p 3<
!-Q(#
34 http://www.3elmo.com
W8j(81C
(p n ) * ==!4 p n =
W.!4 n L =!4 p 3!-O#
<-Q(#
Anp = n (n 1) (n 2) ... (n p + 1)
C np Anp n ! W+(c
n n ! = n (n 1) (n 2) ... 2 1
0! = 1
n! n!
Anp = C np =
(n p ) ! p ! (n p ) !
n 1
Cn = n 0
Cn = 1 1
Cn = n C nn = 1
C np1 + C np = C np+1 C np = C nn p
WB% !A<8
(p n ) !4 n L =!4 p tn
WD
3#;a
t-Q W.,<
n(# Wtn:
o"K? C np D
o" np 3*$T H
o" Anp 3*$&O# H
35 http://www.3elmo.com
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%9
W]
WD
,$5i04
|=!E8P+</- !}+8 p !}
p !|,{
,2D.
{O8
{O8= A A #$
#$!4=,B#$+8 D# #$
#$Oa B A O
)# e/yS& A B # e/y
,.P B P A e/yS& A B # e/y
(A A = A A = ) A # . A #n(
B#
AB = L,|K?O
)#$ B A
Wo()40)Jo()7
p !}
&O8 = W:1
pi W. {i } # 3
,$OP3/ pi j,ga {i } D# #$3
,$!/
#
P ({i }) = pi Wt
# Z.O-r# 55
,$5:,2.#$3
,$
W. A # 3
,$OTU =
)#$ A = {1; 2 ; 3 ;...; n } O
8S&vP
p (A) = p (1 ) + p (2 ) + p (3 ) + ... + p (n )
p (A) =
cardA
W. = A #$+83
,$OTU
card
36 http://www.3elmo.com
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p (A) 0 WMfp|! G L0<-!L)#$ B A = W:1
p (A B )
p (B ) = p (B A) = W(#.e/7 A # OP
, B #$3
,$
A p (A)
p (A) p (B ) 0 WMfp|! G L0<-! B A L)#$+ W
p (A B ) = p (A) p (B A) = p (B ) p (A B ) W
#
( ) ( )
p (A) = p (1 ) p A + p (2 ) p A W = A #$+
1 2
W*#HJ
p j
,$p !}a
)#$ A =
W.<B
! k , A # e/y3
,$O
U! n !|]Z.#PS&
(k n ) C nk (p )k (1 p )n k
WQM X>Y40)j T
p !}
&O8 ^
pKV=
WL
L$!H< X DpKV3
,$O
g##n
X KV
.Z\lro/,2W X () = {x1; x 2; x 3 ;...; x n } ##y
{1;2;...;n } ,d =i + p (X = x i ) 3
,$5tw
WQM X>Y#ip9]qJJ*Y#JQ"/c
xi x1 x 2 x 3 ... x n j
g
pKV X =
p (X = x i ) p1 p2 p3 ... pn WD
3#;
9!
37 http://www.3elmo.com
4(05K2(>
?1)Q#^,
x 0 6 4 3 2
1 2 3
sin x 0 1
2 2 2
3 2 1
cosx 1 0
2 2 2
3
tan x 0 1 3
3
x x +x 2
x
2
+x
WLM
t = tan
a
WHA cos 2a = cos a - sin a
2
= 2 cos a - 1
2t = 1 - 2 sin a
sin a =
1 + t
sin 2a = 2 sin a cos a
1 - t
cos a = 2 tan a
1 + t tan 2a =
2t 1 - tan a
tan a = 1 + cos 2a
1 - t cos a =
2
1 - cos 2a
sin a =
2
39 http://www.3elmo.com