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: .

: .

= / I

)(

NXe

( ) N

( 1.6 x 10-19) e

: 0.3A

= 0.3

: 1C 1S

15C
. 3S

?=I t=3S Q=15C

1
20A 1.6X10-19 C

t= 1S I= 20A e= 1.6X10-19 C

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Page 1 of 21

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20
electron

: 1C

)( ) OR volt()/C(J

: 1 j 1C .

: ( ) (
) ( ).

: ( ) (
) .

: 5V

5C = 5J

( : ) R .

( ) .

A e L

e
:

e e
-1
-2 L
-3 A

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)R(Ohm )R(Ohm

-2 )(m

= = =

( Resistivity ) :

1 m 1 m2

( : ) ( ) Conductivity ()resistivity

-1m-1

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&

-
-

- :

5.9x :

.m 1 m = 1 m2

: 2A = . 10V
2 meter . 0.01 cm2

I=2A V = 10 V L = 2m A = 0.1 X

= 40000 -1 . m-1

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: .
.

)2

: 50 cm 8600 kg/m3 . 1.5

( = . (1.79x10-8 .m

8600 kg/m3 = 1.79x10-8

.m ?=m

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OHM'S LAW

= ( SLOPE ) R

3.6C 1 . :
300V

Q= 3.6 C t=60S V= 300V ? =R

=I =

=R =

:

.

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:

:
( ) . ( ) I
:

Vt = V1 + V2 + V3

= It = = =I

& Vt = I X R t V1= I X R1 V2= I X R2

V3= I X R3

I XR t = I X R 1 + I X R2 + I X R3

R t =R 1 +R 2 +R 3

-1 : .

-2 .

-3
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R1=R2=R3= r Rt = Nr

N & r

: 25&70 & 85 45V :

-1 .
-2 .

R1=85 R2= 70 R3 = 25 Vb=45V

?=I ?=V1 ?=V2 ?=V3

Rt = R1+R2+R3 =85+70+25 = 180

1- = 0.25 A

)2- )I

V1=IR1= 0.25X85 = 21.25 V

V2 = IR2= 0.25X70 = 17.5 V

V3 = IR3 = 0.25X 25 =6.25 V

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:

( ) I
( ) V )) I1&I2&I3

=Vt = = =V

-1 : ( ) Rt .

-1

-2

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-3 r ()N

: ( 1 )

( :)POWER ( / ) ( )

=) = (V)X(I) = (IR) X (I (=VX = )

P = VI P = I 2R =P

Rt =R1+R2+R3

Vt=V1=V2=V3=V Vt = V1 + V2 + V3

It = I1 =I2 =I3 = I

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P=v2/R P=I2R

IF R1>R2>R3 IF R1>R2>R3

P1<P2<P3 P1>P2>P3

-1 :

-2

-3 .

( VXI = ) P

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: 6 ( ) 220V&55W . 220V

220 V 110V
=

=P /R

=R =P /55 = 220

=2X220 =440

=Rt = 146.67

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.

Rt = 3 R

= Rt

e.m.f
.

VB

VB = IR + Ir

)=I(R+r

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( )

( ) R ( ) V
.

( ) I= 0
( .) r=0

(VB)1>(VB)2

I = (VB)1-(VB)2 / Rt+r1+r2 I = (VB)1+(VB)2 / Rt+r1+r2

V1 = (VB)1 Ir1 V1 = (VB)1 Ir1

V2 = (VB)2 + Ir2 V2 = (VB)2 Ir2

V3 = V1-V2 V3 = V1+V2
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Page 14 of 21

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:

V = VB Ir

V = VB I = 0

( )R1&R2

I1R1= I2R2=V

I1= I2R2 / R1

I2= I1R1 / R2

IS= V/Rt = I1R1/ Rt = I2R2/ Rt

I1= It Rt /R1

I2= It Rt / R2

RT = R1XR2 / R1+ R2

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: ( ) K . (
) R

( )

" "

I=0

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Page 16 of 21

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: ( )I1) & (I2) & (I3

" "

( ) a

( ) I1= 12+2 = 14 A

( ) b

12 = 14 + I2 ( ) I2= -2A

( ) c

14 = 4+ I3 ( ) I3= 14-4 = 10 A

( ) ( )

:
.

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Page 17 of 21

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V = I X R .

(
)

: =

-1
+ ( ) -
.

-2 .

-3 =
.

-4

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Page 18 of 21

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()abcfa

2&3 - & + I1 & I2

()abcfa

(I1 X 2)= +ve

(I2 X 3)= +ve

6v = - ve

2v = +ve

(I1 X 2)+ (I2 X 3)-6+2=0

()cdefc

I2X3= +VE

I3X5=+VE

2V=-VE

I2X3+ I3X5-2=0

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Page 19 of 21

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:

-1
-2
-3 5

I1+I2= I3

()aecba

-20+30+I1-2I2=0

()aefdba

-20 + (I1X1) +15+(I3X5)= 0

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3 & 2 & 1

I1 = 2.35 A

I2 = 3.82A

I3= 1.47 A

)2

) V30V = VB- Ir = 20 ( -2035 x I V20V = 22.35 V

) V30V = VB Ir = 30 ( 3.82 X2 V30V = 22.35 V

) V15V = VB Ir = 15 ( 1.46 X0 V15V = 15V

)3

= V5 = IR = 1.47 X 5 V5 = 7.35 V

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