12

12.1 qu = cNc + qNq + BN . Table 12.1: For = 20, Nc = 17.69; Nq = 7.44; N = 3.64

qu 1 1
qall (14.2)(17.69) (0.5 18.2)(7.44) (18.2)(1.2)(3.64) = 89.7
FS 4 2
kN/m2

Qu 1 1
12.2 Qall ( qu )( B 2 ) (1.3cN c qN q 0.4 BN )( B 2 )
FS 3 3

D1 = 2 m. D1 Df = 2 1.2 = 0.8 m = d

d
Eq. (12.13): ( )
B

= 19.42 9.81 = 9.61 kN/m3

0.8
9.61 (17.66 9.61) 9.61 5.37 14.98 kN/m2
1.2

= 25. From Table 12.1, Nc = 25.13; Nq = 12.72; N = 8.34

1
Qall [(1.3)( 23.94)( 25.13) (1.2 17.66)(12.72) (0.4)(14.98)(1.8)(8.34)](1.82 )
3
1233 kN

12.3 qu = qNqFqsFqd + BN Fs Fd . = 34. From Table 12,2, Nq = 29.44; N = 41.06

2.0 1.5
Fqs 1 tan 34 1.675; Fqd 1 0.262 1.197
2.0 2.0

2.0
Fs 1 0.4 0.6; Fd = 1
2.0

qu = (1.5 15.9)(29.44)(1.675)(1.197) + (15.9)(2)(41.06)(0.6)(1) = 1800 kN/m2

75
 ( 2)( 2)(1800)
Qall 2400 kN
3

12.4 qu = qNqFqsFqdFqi + BN Fs Fd Fi .

2 2 2 2
10 10
Fqi 1 1 0.79; F i 1 1 0.498
90 90 34

qu = (1.5 15.9)(29.44)(1.675)(1.197)(0.79) + (15.9)(2)(41.06)(0.6)(1)(0.498)

= 1307.2 kN/m2

qu B 2 (1307.2)( 2 2)
Qall 1743 kN
FS 3

12.5

o 1
Depth N60 (N1)60 = (N60) 9.78 (Table 10.5)

(m) (kN/m2)
o

1.5 4 17.81 9
3.0 6 31.00 11
4.5 6 44.18 9
6.0 10 57.37 13
7.5 6 70.56 7

The average value of (N1)60 is about 10. From Eq. (10.12), = 34.

Qall 670
qall 2 (a)
B2 B

qu 1
qall ( q Nq 0.4 BN ) (b)
FS 3

For = 34, from Table 12.2, Nq = 36.5; N = 38.04

q = (0.6)(16.5) + (1.2 0.6)(18.6 9.81) = 9.9 + 5.27 = 15.17 kN/m2

670 1
So, [(15.17)(36.5) + (0.4)(18.6 9.81)(B)(38.04)], or
B2 3

670
= 184.57 + 44.58B
B2

76
 By trial and error, B 1.65 m

12.6 L = 3 m; B = 2 m; Df = 1.2 m; = 24; Nc = 19.32; Nq = 9.6; N = 9.44

Eq. (12.10): qnet(u) = qu q

qu = cNcFcsFcd + qNqFqsFqd + BNFs Fd

B Nq 2 9.6
Fcs 1
N 1 1.331
L c 3 19.32

B 2
Fqs 1 tan 1 tan 24 1.297
L 3

2
F s 1 ( 0.4) 0.733
3

Df 1 .2
Fcd 1 ( 0.4 )
B
1 ( 0.4 ) 2 1.24

Df 2 1.2
Fqs 1 2 tan (1 sin ) 2
B
1 2 tan 24(1 sin 24) 2 1.1

F d 1

qu = (20)(19.32)(1.331)(1.24) + (17.5 1.2)(9.6)(1.297)(1.188)

+ ()(17.5)(2)(9.44)(0.733)(1) = 1069.45 kN/m2

qnet(u) = 1069.45 (17.5 1.2) 1049 kN/m2

33.9
12.7 Eccentricity, e = = 0.076 m
445

B = B 2e = B 0.152 m; L = B

qu = qNqFqsFqd + B N Fs Fd

From Table 12.2, for = 30, Nq = 18.4; N = 22.4

B 0.152 0.088
Fqs 1 tan 30 1.577
B B
1 .2 0 .348
Fqd 1 0.29 1
B B

77
 B 0.152 0.061
F s 1 0.4 0.6
B B

Fd 1

0.088 0.348
(15.7)(1.2)(18.4)1.577 B 1 B
qu 1
qall
FS 6 1
(18.9 9.81)(22.4)( B 0.152) 0.6 0.061
2 B
0.088 0.348 0.061
qall (57.8)1.577 1 (16.97)( B 0.152) 0.6 (a)
B B B

Also

445
qall
( B 0.152)( B )
(b)

By trial and error, from Eqs. (a) and (b), B 2 m

12.8 B = 3 (2)(0.23) = 2.54 m; L = 3 m

qu = cNcFcsFcd + qNqFqsFqd + B N Fs Fd

From Table 12.2, for = 30; Nc = 30.14; Nq = 18.4; N = 22.4

2.54 18.4 2 .3
Fcs 1 1.517; Fcd 1 (0.4) 1.307
3 30.14 3

2.54 2 .3
Fqs 1 tan 30 1.49; Fqd 1 (0.289) 1.222
3 3

B 2.54
Fs 1 0.4 1 (0.4) 0.66
L 3
78
 q = (0.9)(18.1) + (1.4)(19.2 9.81) = 29.44 kN/m2

qu = (24)(30.14)(1.517)(1.307) + (29.44)(18.4)(1.49)(1.222)

+ (19.2 9.81)(2.54)(22.4)(0.55)(1) = 2957 kN/m2

Qu = (2597)(B)(L) = (2597)(2.54)(3) = 19,789 kN

eB 0.3 1 eL 0.364 1
12.9 0.2 ; 0.182 . Case I applies (Fig. 12.9a).
B 1.5 6 L 2 6

From Eqs. (12.29) and (12.30)

3e (3)( 0.3)
B1 B1.5 B (1.5) 1.5 1.35 m
B 1.5

3e (3)(0.364)
L1 L1.5 L (2) 1.5 1.908 m
L 1.5

So, L = L1 = 1.908 m

1 1
Eq. (12.28): A B1 L1 (1.35)(1.908) 1.288 m2
2 2

A 1.288
Eq. (12.31): B 0.675 m
L 1.908

qu = qNqFqsFqd + B N Fs Fd

From Table 12.2, for = 35; Nq = 33.3; N = 48.03. From Table 12.3

B
Fqs

1 tan
L
0.675
1 tan 35 1.248
1.908

D f 1
Fqd 1 0.2546

1 ( 0.2546 ) 1.17
B 1.5

B 0.675
Fs 1 0.4 1 ( 0.4 ) 0.858
L 1.908
Fd 1

qu = (18)(1)(33.3)(1.248)(1.17) + (18)(0.675)(48.03)(0.858)(1) = 1125.5 kN/m2

Qu = Aqu = (1.288)(1125.5) 1450 kN

79
 eL 0.4 e 0.19
12.10 0.2 (less than 0.5). B 0.127 (between zero and ). Case II applies.
L 2 B 1 .5

L2 L
From Fig. 12.10: = 0.11, L2 = 0.22 m; 1 = 0.895, L1 = 1.79 m
L L
1 1
Eq. (12.32): A ( L1 L2 ) B (0.22 1.79)(1.5) 1.508 m2
2 2

A
Eq. (12.33): B 0.842 m; L = 1.79 m
1.79

qu = qNqFqsFqd + B N Fs Fd

= 35; Nq = 33.3; N = 48.03

0.842
Fqs 1 tan 35 1.329
1.79
Fqd 1.17 (from Problem 12.9)

0.842
Fs 1 0.4 0.812
1.79
Fd 1

Qu = Aqu = (1.508)[(18)(1)(33.3)(1.329)(1.17) + ()(18)(0.842)(48.03)(0.812)(1)]

= 1851 kN

1 s2
12.11 Eq. (12.41): Se qo (B) IsI f
Es
2
For the center of the foundation, = 4; B = =1m
2
1 2 s
I s F1 F2
1 s
H 12
L 3
m = = 1.5; n = B 1 = 12
B 2
2

Table 12.4: F1 0.59. Table 12.5: F2 0.02

80
 1 ( 2)(0.3)
I s 0.59 (0.02) 0.601
1 0.3
Df 0.9 L
Fig. 12.17b: For = 0.45 and = 1.5, If = 0.78
B 2 B

1 0.32
Se = (200)[(4)(1)] (0.601)(0.78) = 0.0155 m = 15.5 mm
22,000

For a rigid foundation, Se(rigid) = (0.93)(15.5) = 14.42 mm

1 s2
12.12 Eq. (12.41): Se qo (B) IsI f
Es

1.8
= 4; B = = 0.9 m
2

9
L
m = = 1; n = 1.8 = 10
B
2

Table 12.4: F1 = 0.498. Table 12.5: F2 = 0.016

1 ( 2)(0.4)
I s 0.489 (0.016) 0.494
1 0.4

Df 1 L
Fig. 12.17c: For = 0.56 and = 1, If 0.8
B 1.8 B

1 0.4 2
Se = (190)[(4)(0.9)] (0.494)(0.8) = 0.0114 m = 11.4 mm
20,000

For a rigid foundation, Se(rigid) = (0.93)(11.4) = 10.6 mm

81
12.13 See the strain influence factor diagram below.

Depth z Es Iz Iz
( z )
(m) (m) (kN/m2) Es
0-2 2.0 6,040 0.32 10.59 105
2.0-2.5 0.5 12,000 0.47 1.95 105
2.5-6.0 3.5 12,000 0.384 11.20 105
6.0-10.0 4.0 10,000 0.134 5.36 105
29.1 105

q = Df = (18)(1.5) = 27 kN/m2

q 27 10
C1 1 0.5 1 0.5 0.922; C2 1 0.2 log 1.4
q q 200 27 0.1

Iz
S e C1C2 ( q q ) z (0.922)(1.4)( 200 27)( 29.1 105 ) = 0.065 m = 65 mm
Es

12.14 Average value of N60 is 12.

2
N 60 B 0.3 S
Eq. (12.54): qnet Fd e
0.08 B 25

82
 Df 1
qnet = 1 + 0.33 = 1 + 0.33 = 1.22
B 1.5

2
12 1.5 0.3 25 2
qnet (1.22) 263.5 kN/m
0.08 1.5 25

12.15 Based on the variation of given N60, it appears that an average N60 value of about 12
would be appropriate. Using Eq. (12.54)

2
N 60 B 0.3 S
qnet(all) Fd e
0.08 B 25

Allowable Se = 25 mm and N60 = 12, so

2
B 0.3
qnet(all) (150) Fd
B

The following table can now be prepared for trial calculations.

B Fd a qnet(all) Q = qnet(all) B2
(m) (kN/m2) (kN)
2.00 1.248 247.57 990.28
2.25 1.22 235.05 1189.9
2.10 1.236 242.16 1067.9
a
Df = 1.5 m

Because Qnet required is 1000 kN, B will be approximately equal to 2.1 m.

600
12.16 The following table can now be prepared. q 266.67 kN/m2
1.5 1.5

m1 = z
L B z n1 Ic q Ic
L B
(m) (m) (m) (Table 6.8) (kN/m2)
B 2
1.5 1.5 1 1.5 2 0.336 89.6 = t
1.5 1.5 1 3.0 4 0.106 28.27 =
1.5 1.5 1 4.5 6 0.051 m
13.6 = b

1 1
av ( t 4 m b ) [89.6 + (4)(28.27) + 13.6] = 36.05 kN/m2
6 6
12.17 o = (1.5)(15) + (1.5)(18.5 9.81) + (1.5)(19 9.81) = 49.33 kN/m2

83
 o + = 49.33 + 36.05 = 85.38 kN/m2

Cs H (0.06)(3000 mm) 85.38

Sc log o log 25.2 mm
1 eo o 1 0.7 49.33

12.18 From Eq. (12.58):

0.195B Df 0.195 9 2
qnet(u) 5.14cu 1 1 0.4 (5.14)( 93)1 1 (0.4)
L B 14 9

586 kN/m2

0.195B Df 0.195 8 2
12.19 qnet(u) 5.14cu 1 1 0.4 (5.14)(130)1 1 (0.4)
L B 14 8

792.35 kN/m2

12.20 Average value of N60 is 10.6 11.

Eq. (12.60):
N D Se 11 1.5 50
qnet 60 1 0.33 f 1 0.33 302.2 kN/m
2

0.08 B 25 0.08 5 25

12.21 B = 12 m; cu = 40.7 kN/m2; L = 18 m; = 17.6 kN/m3.

Q 44,500
Eq. (12.63): D f 11.7 m
A (12 18)(17.6)

0.195B 0.4 D f
5.14cu 1 1
L B
12.22 Eq. (12.65): FS
Q
Df
A

(0.195)(12) (0.4)( D f )
(5.14)( 40.7) 1 1
18 12 ;
3 Df = 6.3 m
44,500
(17.6)( Df )
(12)(18)

84