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H2O H+ + OH-
E.g.
Acid added to water
HCN(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + CN-(aq)
Here, the pH of the solution is lowered, as HCN(aq) donates its
H ion (proton) to H2O(l).
E.g.
Base added to water
NH3(aq) + H2O(l) NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)
Here, the pH of the solution is raised, as NH3(aq) accepts the H
ion (proton) from the H2O(l).