CÃ NG Tã¡c VH NMTD

TP ON IN LC VIT NAM
TRNG CAO NG IN LC MIN TRUNG
KHO LUN TT NGHIP
TI: TM HIU CHUNG V CNG TC

VN HNH NH MY THY IN DRAY HLINH 2
Sinh vin thc hin: NGUYN TRNG

Lp: K5CH1
Kho: 2008-2011
Ngnh: H THNG IN
Ging vin hng dn: TRN DUY LINH

Khoa: IN
Qung Nam, ngy17 thng8 nm2011

Tm hiu chung v cng tc vn hnh NMT Dray HLinh 2. Lp:K5CH1
TP ON IN LC VIT NAM CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

TRNG CAO NG c lp- T do- Hnh phc
IN LC MIN TRUNG
Qung Nam, ngy14 thng05 nm2011
KHO LUN TT NGHIP
Sinh vin thc hin: NGUYN TRNG

Lp: K5CH1
Kho: 2008-2011
Ngnh: H THNG IN
Ngy nhn kho lun:16/05/2011
Ngy hon thnh kho lun:22/07/2011
ti: TM HIU CHUNG V CNG TC VN HNH NH MY

THY IN DRAY HLINH 2
Ni dung chnh:
1. Tng quan nh my thy in Dray Hlinh 2.
2. Khi ng t my v x l s c trong qu trnh khi ng .
3. Dng t my v x l s c trong qu trnh dng.
4. Giao, nhn ca v vn hnh hon hin mt ca trc.
Yu cu:
1. Cc bn v thc hin trn giy A0
2. Bn thuyt minh nh my trn mt mt kh giy
A(210x297)mm
3. S lng bn v: 02
Sinh vin thit k Trng khoa
Nguyn Trng Hunh Thanh Tnh
Ging vin hng dn Gio vin duyt
Trn Duy Linh Nguyn Vn Ln
Trang 2
LI NI U
- Trong thi k cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc, in nng

ng vai tr v cng quan trng v lun i trc mt bc so vi cc ngnh
cng nghip khc. i vi Vit Nam hin nay nhu cu ph ti hng nm tng
khong 17%, tnh trng thiu in lin tc, c bit vo ma kh. Tri vi
thc trng , nc ta li s hu lng thy nng ln, thun li cho vic
pht trin thy in. Nm bt c nhng li th , Tp on in Lc
Vit Nam (EVN) u t xy dng nhiu cng trnh thy in nh: Yaly,
Dray HLinh 1 v 2, Bun Kup, Srpk 3, S San 4 v.v...

- Nhng i i vi vic xy dng h thng ngun cung cp th i hi
phi o to ngun nhn lc vn hnh nh my mt cch bi bng, h
thng in Vit Nam vn hnh n nh v kinh t .
- L mt sinh vin ngnh in, em thc c trch nhim v bn
phn ca mnh i vi h thng in Vit Nam ni ring v s pht trin t
nc ni chung. Chnh v th, thng qua qu trnh thc hin n tt
nghip, vi ti: Tm hiu chung v cng tc vn hnh trong nh my thy
in Dray HLinh 2.
Cu trc ca n gm:
Chng 1: Tng quan nh my thy in Dray HLinh 2.
1.1 Gii thiu.
1.2 S liu thy vn nh my.
1.3 Cc thng s chnh.
1.3.1 Phn turbine thy lc.
1.3.2 Phn my pht thy lc.
1.4 Cc chc danh trong quy trnh vn hnh.
1.5 Phng n kt ni dy ca nh my.
Trang 3
Chng 2: Quy trnh vn hnh nh my.

2.1 Quy nh chung.
2.2 Tng quan v nhim v vn hnh.
2.2.1 Mc ch ca cng tc vn hnh.
2.2.2 Cng vic tun tra trong nh my thy in.
2.2.3 Phng thc vn hnh v vai tr ca phng thc vn hnh.
2.2.4 Hin tng xm thc, tc hi v cc bin php hn ch hin tng
xm thc.
2.3 Ni dung quy trnh.
2.3.1 Khi ng t my v x l s c trong qu trnh khi ng.
2.3.2 Dng my v x l s c trong qu trnh dng my.
2.3.3 Theo di v kim tra thit b trong vn hnh bnh thng.
2.3.4 Nhng quy nh trong qu trnh x l s c.
2.3.5 X l s c t my c mch bo v.
2.4 Gii thiu phn mm SD200 trong cng tc vn hnh nh my thy in.
2.4.1 Gii thiu.
2.4.2 Quy trnh vn hnh nh my bng phn mm SD200.
Chng 3: Ch giao, nhn ca v hon thin mt ca trc.
- Vi s gip , ch bo tn tnh ca thy Trn Duy Linh, em nm
bt c nhng kin thc nht nh trong qu trnh vn hnh nh my thy
in. Trong qu trnh thc hin ti ny, chc chn khng th thiu st,
knh mong cc thy, c trong khoa in b sung v gp , ti ca em
thnh cng m mn. Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n s ch bo tn
tnh ca thy Duy Linh.
Sinh vin thc hin:
Nguyn Trng.
Trang 4
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V NH MY THY IN

DRAY HLINH 2.
1.1. GII THIU :
Nh my thy in Dray HLinh 2 c xy dng trn sng Srpk,
thuc a bn x Eap, huyn C Jut, tnh c Nng, cng trnh ny do cng
ty c phn Thy in in lc 3 lm ch u t vi tng chi ph xy dng
178 t ng so vi d n c ph duyt gn 243 t ng.
Nh my c khi cng xy dng vo ngy 10/03/2003, hon thnh
v i vo vn hnh ngy 15/06/2007 vi 2 t my, mi t my l 8MW, tng
cng sut l 16MW, vi 2 t my ny, nh my thy in Dray Hlinh 2
cung cp in cho mt phn a bn tnh nh, phc v cc ngnh cng
nghip, dch v v sinh hot cho nhn dn.
Hnh 1.1: Ton cnh nh my thy in Dray HLinh 2.

1.2. S LIU THY VN CA NH MY:
- Nm cao : 500 mt so vi mt nc bin.
Trang 5
- Dung tch h cha: khong 25 triu m3.

- Lng ma trung bnh: 1750-3150 mm /nm.
- Tc gi trung bnh: 3.8m/s.
- m tng i trung bnh c nm: 85-87%.
- Nhit trung bnh: 24oC.
- Ct nc ln nht: 25.5 mt.
- Ct nc thp nht: 11.5 mt.
- Kh hu: Nhit i gi ma
Ma ma t thng 5- thng 10.
Ma kh t thng 11- thng 4.
1.3. CC THNG S CHNH:
1.3.1. PHN TURBINE THY LC:
1.3.1.1. Turbine thy lc:
1. Kiu: Kaplan.
2. Ni sn xut: Hng Sichuan Dongfang Electric.
3. S cnh quay : 05.
4. ng knh BXCT: 2.80 m.
5. ng knh servo BXCT: 720 mm.
6. Chiu cao ct nc: - Max: 20,9 m .
- Min: 16.5m.
- Tnh ton: 18.5m.
7. Lu lng nh mc: 49,213 m3/s.
1.3.1.2. Cc b phn cu thnh turbine:
a) Bnh xe cng tc :
- Bnh xe cng tc c thit k thnh mt khi, to thnh t cc b
phn c c bng hp cht ZGOCr13Ni4Mo c hm lng t nht 13%
crm v 4% niken, c lp rp v hn chnh xc ti nh my ch to.
Trang 6
- Khp ni ca bnh xe cng tc vi trc turbine m bo truyn

mmen quay di iu kin lm vic nng n nht v m bo c th tho
v thay th bnh xe cng tc mt cch d dng.
- Vt liu bnh xe cng tc m bo cho php thc hin cng vic sa
cha nh ti cng trng m khng cn gia nhit trc qu 150 oC v khng
cn gim ng sut.
b) ng x :
- ng x turbine l loi ng khuu, mt trong ng x c p bng
mt lp thp dy 16 mm, ni tip on khuu l mt on un n phn
on hnh ch nht.
- Phn trn ca cn ng x, pha t hp vi vnh di, c ch to
bng thp khng g. Phn thp khng g c ko di 500 mm v pha di
ca vnh bnh xe cng tc.
- Ca kim tra c hnh ch nht vi chiu cao 800 mm v chiu rng
600 mm, c bn l c b tr ti on cn ca cn ng x.
c) Bung xon:
- L mt ng di xon quanh turbine c tc dng dn nc a n
turbine lm quay bnh xe cng tc.
- Km theo bung xon l ca kim tra hnh trn c ng knh 800
mm c bn l, c bt bulng t bn ngoi v c lm bng phng vi b
mt bn trong ca bung xon.
d) Cnh hng nc :
- Cc cnh hng nc v vnh iu chnh c thit k chu ng
cc lc v mmen th nghim c tnh ton t mmen o c trn m
hnh cc cnh hng nc trong qu trnh th nghim m hnh turbine, cng
nh cc mmen bt k c th xut hin khi vn hnh turbine .
- Tt c cc bc ca vnh iu chnh v cc cnh hng nc c b
tr bn trong hp bo v, c lp t trn np turbine v vnh di, cc bc
c th lp ln bng vt liu t bi trn v cc vng m chn kn c th lp
Trang 7
ln bng cao su tng hp. C cu iu khin iu chnh cc cnh hng

nc c thit k d dng cho vic kim tra bo dng, sa cha, lp
t, hiu chnh v tho d ton b.
- Mi cnh hng nc hoc c cu lin kt ca n c lp t mt
cng tc hnh trnh pht tn hiu cnh bo v bo v nu cnh hng
Cmt ng b vi cc cnh hng khc.
- C cu dn ng c kh nng bo v cnh hng nc khng b
h hng trong trng hp c vt l kt gia hai cnh hng ang ng.
Hnh 1.2: S turbine Kaplan.

1: cnh hng. 2: bung xon. 3: bnh xe cng tc. 4: ng x.
1.3.1.3. Thit b du p lc:
a) Bnh du p lc:
- Th tch ton b : 2.5m3
- Th tch du iu chnh: 0.875m3
- Th tch kh nn: 1.625 m3
- p lc lm vic: 4.0 MPa.
b) Thng du x:
- Th tch thng du x: 3.5m3
- Th tch du vn hnh: 2.5m3
Trang 8
- Loi du thu lc m s 46.

1.3.1.4. My bm b iu tc:
- S lng: 02 ci.
- Pm= 37KW.
- Um=380/220V AC.
- Tc ng c: 1480 v/ph.
1.3.2 PHN MY PHT THU LC:
1.3.2.1 My pht in: gm 2 phn chnh l: stator v rotor.
a) Cu to stator my pht in thu lc:
- V stator hn bng thp tm, c vnh trn v vnh di v phn v
bc chia thnh nhiu tng. Gia cc tng c hn cc gn tng cng chu
lc v cc thanh chng bng thp.
- Li stator c lm bng cc tm thp k thut in v ph sn cch
in hai mt. Cc tm thp c ghp, xp chng ln nhau to thnh li thp
stator, d dng cho vn chuyn v lp t, stator c chia thnh 6 phn,
vnh trn mi phn c khoan 2 l, dng mc cu trong qu trnh vn
chuyn v lp t.
- Cun dy stator my pht in thy lc c kt cu kiu thanh dn,
bng ng.
- Cch in ca v cc thanh dn, mi ni, c cu to bng mica
chu nhit v cc cht lin kt bxt.
b) Cu to rotor my pht in thu lc:
- Rotor my pht in thy lc bao gm: a rotor, thn rotor c gn
a phanh, cc cc t.
- a rotor l mt kt cu hn c gm phn trung tm v 6 nan hoa
tit din hnh hp c th tho lp c. Phn trung tm ca a rotor gm
mt ng lt c v cc tm ni bt gi cc nan hoa.
- Thn rotor l cc mnh dp bng thp tm ghp li thnh tng lp.
nhng ch ghp mi gia cc mnh ca mt mi c khe h lu thng
Trang 9
khng kh lm mt, thn rotor c gi nh cc g phn di ai nm, cc

nm chn phn trn v c c nh nh cc ca vt chuyn dng. Pha
di thn rotor c gn a phanh.
- Mi cc rotor gm c phn li lm bng thp c dng c bit, m
p v cc vng dy ca cun kch t.
- Cch in ca cc cc t rotor l cch in cp F . Cch in gia
cc vng dy c lm bng vi aming. Cch in gia li thp cc t v
vng dy c lm bng ng cch in aming thy tinh p cng. Cc mt
ca cc vng dy c cch in bng cc vng m tctlch thy tinh.
- Cc vng dy ca cc t c lm bng cc thanh ng, c p
cht cun xung quanh li thp ca cc t. Mi ni gia cc cc t lm bng
thanh ni mm gm nhiu tm ng mng n hi ghp li, hai u thanh
ni c lm lin khi ti ch ni vi vng dy ca cc t .
- Thanh dn t cc vnh gp n cun dy rotor ca my pht in
thu lc c lm bng thanh ng c bc cch in.
Trang 10
Hnh 1.3: Hai t my ca nh my thy in Dray HLinh 2.
1. Ni sn xut: Trung Quc.

2. Cng sut ton phn: 10000 kVA.
3. Cng sut tc dng nh mc: 8000 kW.
4. H s cng sut: cos phi = 0.8.
5. in p nh mc: 6,3kV.
6. Dng in nh mc: 916.4A.
7. Tn s nh mc: 50Hz.
8. S vng quay nh mc: 214.3v/ph.
9. S vng quay lng: 541.3v/ph.
10. Kiu ni dy stator: Y
11. S pha: 3
12. ng knh ngoi stator Da: 4250 mm
13. ng knh trong stator Di: 3800 mm
14. Chiu cao stator: 670 mm
15. Khe h khng kh: 9 mm
16. ng knh ngoi rotor: 3782 mm
17. Chiu cao rotor: 670 mm
18. in tr stator R1( 150C): 0.0148 m
19. in tr rotor R2 ( 150C): 0.4476 m
20. Moment qun tnh: > 400 T.m2
21. Cp cch in: F
1.3.2.2 H thng kch t:
a) My bin p kch t:
1. Cng sut nh mc: 250 KVA
2. T u dy MBA kch t: Y/ - 1
3. in p: 6300/430V
4. in p ngn mch: 4,44 %
Trang 11
5. Dng in nh mc: 22.9/336 A

6. Lm mt: ONAN
7. Nc iu chnh in p: 1x 5%
b) H thng iu chnh AVR:
1. Ngun in: AC220V 15%.
2. Ngun iu khin DC: 220V(110V DC) 10%.
3. S lng thyristor: 6 ci.
4. in p nh mc: 220V.
5. Dng in kch t nh mc: 335A.
6. Lm mt: thng gi t nhin.
1.3.2.3 My bin p nng:
1. Nc sn xut: Vit Nam
2. Hng ch to: ABB
3. Cng sut nh mc: 10000 KVA
4. in p nh mc: 38.5/6,3 KV
5. Dng in nh nh mc: 150/916.4 A
6. in p ngn mch: 6.77 %
7. Tn s: 50Hz
8. Tn hao khng ti: 6.791 kW
9. Tn hao ngn mch: 40.2649kW
10. Nhit du lm vic: 60/65oC
11. Kiu lm mt: ONAN
1.3.2.4 My ct 6.3 kv:
1. in p nh mc: 12 KV
2. bn cch in: 25 KV
3. Dng nh mc: 1250 A
4. Dng ct nh mc: 25 kA
5. Tn s nh mc: 50 Hz
Trang 12
6. Chu trnh thao tc ng ct: O 0.3sec - CO - 3min - CO

1.4 CC CHC DANH TRONG QUY TRNH VN HNH:
1. Trng ca, nhn vin vn hnh.
2. Qun c nh my.
3. T sa cha.
4. K thut vin.
5. Cn b ph trch An ton - Bo h lao ng.
1.5 PHNG N KT NI DY CA NH MY:
Trong vn hnh bnh thng phng thc kt ni dy nh sau:
- Khi t my 1 ni vi thanh ci C31 qua my ct 331.
- Khi t my 2 ni vi thanh ci C32 qua my ct 332.
- Xut tuyn 371 ni vi thanh ci C31 qua my ct 371.
- Xut tuyn 372 ni vi thanh ci C32 qua my ct 372.
- Ni kt 2 thanh ci C31 v C32 bng DCL 321-1.
- MBA t dng TD61 c ly qua DCL 612-1 hoc DCL 612-2.
- MBA t dng TD32 c ly t C32.
Trang 13
Hnh 1.4: S kt ni dy ca nh my thy in Dray HLinh 2
CHNG 2: QUY TRNH VN HNH NH MY.

2.1 QUY NH CHUNG:
- Quy trnh ny quy nh cch vn hnh, x l s c khi t my Nh
my thy in Dray HLinh 2 thuc cng ty c phn Thy in in lc 3.
- Trong qu trnh thc hin do thay i thit b hoc do nhng yu cu
cn sa i cho ph hp thc t thit b, nh my thy in Dray HLinh 2
phi bo co lnh o Cng ty xem xt thay i ni dung quy trnh ny.
- Sau khi c quyt nh sa i ni dung quy trnh ca Gim c cng
ty, Quy trnh sa i mi c gi tr thc hin.
2.2 TNG QUAN V NHIM V VN HNH:
Vic vn hnh hp l nh my thy in c thc hin nhm t hai
mc ch quan trng:
Trang 14
- Mc ch th nht l cung cp in nng n nh cho ton b h

thng in.
- Mc ch th hai l duy tr cc iu kin n nh ca thit b trong
nh my cung cp in nng lin tc. Cc quy trnh, quy phm v ch dn
cho vic vn hnh hp l thng c thit lp phc v cho cc mc ch
ny trong mi cng ty hoc trong nh my in. Nhn vin vn hnh phi
nm c cc quy trnh, quy phm v ch dn ny. Cc quy trnh, quy phm
v ch dn ny thng m t cc hng mc cn thit m nhn vin vn hnh
phi hiu v nm c trong qu trnh vn hnh tun t, x l s c, trong
cng vic kim tra v sa cha. Nhng h phi c nhng hiu bit c bn v
k thut v an ton ca cc quy trnh, quy phm v ch dn thc hin cho
tt. V s n lc khng ngng cng vi thi nghim tc l cn thit cho
vic vn hnh tt hn bn cnh cc quy nh ny.
- Nhim v vn hnh thng bao gm vic vn hnh bn thn thit b,
v kim tra tnh trng thit b. Cng vic vn hnh nh my thy in
thng c din ra lin tc (24 gi, 365 ngy trong mt nm), v vy
thng c thc hin theo ca, kp.
2.2.1 MC CH CA CNG TC VN HNH:
2.2.1.1 Vn hnh bnh thng do cc nhn vin vn hnh m nhim:
Nhn vin vn hnh nh my thu in cn lun lun ch duy tr nh
my thu in trong tnh trng tt cung cp in nng n nh. Nhn vin
vn hnh cn pht hin cc biu hin khc nhau ca s c v a ra cc bin
php ngn nga s c xy ra, ngay c i vi cc nh my iu khin t
ng hon ton. Cc quy trnh, quy phm lin quan vn hnh hp l c
a ra trong nh my thu in, nhm:
- Nm c cc quy trnh, quy phm v vn hnh nh my thu in.
- Nm r mch in, h thng bo v, h thng vn hnh thy, h
thng lm mt, h thng du bi trn, v.v. ca cc nh my thu in mt
cch chi tit.
Trang 15
- Nm c tnh trng vn hnh ca nh my thu in ti mi thi

im.
- Kim tra cng sut pht, in p, dng in, h s cng sut, v.v. ca
my pht v iu chnh chng mt cch chnh xc ti mi thi im.
- Ghi nh cao vic vn hnh hiu qu.
- Trnh tnh trng vn hnh khng bnh thng (vd: vn hnh vi cng
sut pht thp) bi h hng turbine, hin tng xm thc.
- Kim tra nhit cun dy my pht, trc, v cc thit b khc.
- Kim tra tnh trng, nhit ca du bi trn v nc lm mt.
- Kim tra, nm r tnh trng ca thit b thng qua tun tra theo tn
sut v phng php.
- Kim tra d liu so snh vi d liu ghi nhn trong qu kh
nh gi tnh trng thit b.
- Tun theo lnh t trung tm iu theo quy trnh quy phm, bi v
nhn vin vn hnh ti nh my in khng th bit tnh hnh thc t ca
ton h thng t nh my in.
- Vn hnh theo yu cu ca nhn vin c trch nhim da trn s
chun b y trnh nhm ln trong vn hnh.
2.2.1.2 Ch i vi nhn vin vn hnh khi vic bo dng c thc
hin trong tnh trng ct in thit b :
- Khi tin hnh cng vic (bo dng hoc sa cha) trong tnh trng
ct in cc thit b lin quan, nhim v ca nhn vin chu trch nhim vn
hnh v ngi chu trch nhim v cng vic trn phi nm r mt cch y
. Nhn vin vn hnh phi nm c cc ni dung di y thc hin
cng vic an ton v m bo chc chn thit b lin quan ct in. Cc
quy trnh quy phm an ton c a ra bi mi nh my in, nhm:
Trang 16
- Nm trc c khu vc lm vic, thi gian, khu vc mt in v

ni dung cng vic mt cch y trn c s thng nht trong cuc hp
vi ngi chu trch nhim cng vic.
- Thng tin vi nhn vin vn hnh nh my thc hin thao tc ct
in mt cch chnh xc xc nhn tnh trng an ton v ct in khu vc
lm vic. Sau xc nhn ny cho php ngi chu trch nhim tin hnh cng
vic.
- Lm r tnh trng cng vic v khu vc ct in cho tt c cc nhn
vin vn hnh ca nh my thu in trnh thao tc gy nguy him.
- Gi lin lc vi ngi chu trch nhim theo tin trnh cng vic.
Nu cn thit b sung hoc thay i cng vic so vi k hoch ban u th
yu cu ny phi c thng bo cho t ngi chu m nhim cng vic ti
cc nhn vin chu trch nhim vn hnh. Yu cu ny phi c xc nhn
t quan im v an ton trc khi cho php v vic tho lun phi c tin
hnh vi nhn vin ca trung tm iu c lin quan da trn bo co.
- Xc nhn v an ton v cc iu kin cn thit ca khu vc lm vic
v thit b thng qua tun tra hin trng sau khi ngi chu trch nhim bo
co kt thc cng vic. Sau khi xc nhn, thit b in cn c a v trng
thi ban u nhn vin vn hnh c th ng in t h thng. vn
hnh cc thit b nhn v pht in di s cho php ca nhn vin trung
tm iu lin quan.
2.2.2 CNG VIC TUN TRA TRONG NH MY THY IN:
Phn ny m t cc ni dung ca cng vic tun tra (hoc vn hnh nh
my) thit b trong nh my thy in v v d v vic lp k hoch v trin
khai thc hin nhim v tun tra mt cch hp l, tun tra c ngha l cng
vic vn hnh xung quanh khu vc nh my thy in nh gi tnh trng
ca cc thit b, iu kin xung quanh. Thit b c kim tra t bn ngoi
trong trng thi ang lm vic, v vy khng d dng bit c tnh trng
thc t (c bit l cc du hiu h hng) ca chng. Nhn vin vn hnh
Trang 17
thc hin vic tun tra cn kim tra mt cch cn thn bng nm gic quan
tr nm (th gic, thnh gic, khu gic v xc gic).
2.2.2.1 Tun tra trong nh my thy in:
ngn chn cc h hng v s c trong nh my thy in v m bo
chc chn rng vic vn hnh hp l, v d v vic lp k hoch v thc hin
cng vic tun tra c m t nh sau:
a) Cc loi cng vic tun tra:
+ Tun tra nh k:
Cng vic ny thng c tin hnh nm c bt c tnh trng
khng bnh thng no trong nh my in.
+ Tun tra chi tit:
Cng vic tun tra ny cn c tin hnh chi tit nm c cc tnh
trng khng bnh thng trong nh my in ng thi kim tra cht lng
v nh gi xem c cn sa cha khng.
+ Tun tra c bit:
Tnh trng ca cc thit b c kim tra c bit thng qua vic tun
tra ny trc v sau khi bt k iu kin thi tit khng bnh thng no
(ma bo, l lt, v.v.) v tin hnh ngay sau khi c ng t (ngoi tr cc
a chn nh khng nh hng ln ti thit b).
b) Tn sut ca cng vic tun tra:
Chnh l s ln tun tra trong mt thi gian quy nh theo quy nh ca
nh my, c th l hng thng hay hng nm ty theo thit b hoc tnh trng
lm vic ca thit b, cng trnh trong cc iu kin lm vic v mi trng
xung quanh.
2.2.3 PHNG THC VN HNH V VAI TR CA PHNG
THC VN HNH:
Cc phng thc vn hnh v vai tr ca chng s c phn loi ch
yu da trn quan im iu chnh cng sut pht. iu chnh cng sut pht
Trang 18
trong nh my thy in thng iu chnh tn s trong h thng in,

hoc s dng hiu qu ngun nc.
- Hot ng t do my iu tc:
Cng sut ca cc t my thng c xc nh mt cch t ng theo
c tnh iu chnh tc ca my iu tc tng ng vi cc dao ng tn
s ca h thng in. Cc c tnh ca my iu tc turbine nc chnh nh
nhy gp phn n nh h thng in. Cc my iu tc thng thng o tn
s ca h thng in t tc quay ca cc t my.
- Hot ng iu tc t ng:
Cng sut ca cc t my c xc nh da trn yu cu ca trung tm
iu hoc tn hiu iu khin t b iu chnh tn s t ng trong nh
my in (hoc trung tm iu ) p ng dao ng tn s trong thi
gian di tng ng ca cc h thng in. Cc yu cu hoc cc tn hiu ny
c hnh thnh da trn lch tn s theo mt tiu chun no .
- Hot ng theo chng trnh hoc hot ng theo k hoch:
Cng sut ca cc t my chnh c iu chnh t ng da trn k
hoch pht hng ngy m ngi vn hnh tnh ton v a vo cc b
iu chnh cng sut trc. Thng thng cc k hoch pht hng ngy c
lp k hoch v tho lun gia cc nhn vin vn hnh ca nh my v h
thng in lin quan. K hoch c quyt nh phi p ng nhu cu ph
ti nh hoc s dng hiu qu ngun nc .
- Vn hnh theo mc nc ca b p lc hoc lu lng pha thng
ngun ca nh my thy in:
Cng sut pht ca cc t my c iu chnh mt cch t ng gi
cho mc nc ca b p lc ca chng hu nh khng thay i, hoc iu
chnh vic s dng lu lng pha thng ngun. Vn hnh theo hai phng
php ny c quyt nh theo lu lng nc vo.
-Vn hnh iu chnh in p:
Trang 19
in p ca h thng in lun lun dao ng theo yu cu v c tnh

ca ph ti. iu chnh in p ca h thng, cng sut phn khng trong
cc h thng in ny phi c iu chnh hp l. C hai phng php
thng c s dng cung cp cng sut phn khng cho h thng in.
Phng php th nht c thc hin bng cch gia in p u cc my
pht (bng h thng AVR - b t ng iu chnh in p) hoc in p
thanh ci. Phng php cn li l gi h s cng sut pht ca my pht.
2.2.4 HIN TNG XM THC, TC HI V CC BIN PHP
HN CH HIN TNG XM THC TRONG VN HNH:
2.2.4.1 Hin tng xm thc v tc hi ca n:
- Nc chuyn ng vi vn tc ln, nhng vng c tc cao s

pht sinh hin tng p sut gim thp. Khi p sut bng p sut hi, nc
s si v bc hi to thnh cc bt kh,cc bt kh ny v ra vi nng lng
ln lm mi mn hay lm r cc b phn tip xc vi nc, c bit l bnh
xe cng tc. Hin tng c gi l hin tng xm thc.
Cho n nay cc nghin cu v hin tng xm thc vn cha c

hon chnh, song ni chung nhiu kin tng i thng nht cho rng qu
trnh pht sinh hin tng xm thc c th gii thch nh sau:
- Trc ht cc ch c p sut thp hn p sut bc hi, cc th kh

ha tan tch ra khi nc to thnh bt nh ln ln trong nc, gp ni c p
sut cao, xut hin s ngng t, di tc dng bao vy i xng ca p sut
nc, cc bt nc b thu hp th tch, nc xung quanh bt kh cng tng
tc chuyn ng hng vo tm bt kh.
- Lc bt kh b thu hp n mc nht nh s v v to thnh cc
b phn nh ng thi vi s tan v s sn sinh ra hin tng cc phn t
nc va chm ln nhau hay cn gi l hin tng thy kch cc b, p sut
tng vt khng u. p sut thy kch cc b c tr s gp nhiu ln p
Trang 20
sut khng kh, c khi t hng trm hng nghn p-mt-phe. Nu cc bt

kh tiu tan v tan v b mt bnh xe cng tc, s c hin tng nh l
mi dao khng ngng kch vo b mt n v tri qua thi gian lu di do s
mi mt c kh gy nn r b mt . Ngoi ra cn c cc hin tng ha hc,
in, xi ha... cng vi hin tng trn thc y s ph hoi b mt bnh
xe cng tc.
- Khi p sut gim th ha tan ca cc th kh i vi nc cng
gim. Sau khi khng kh tch ra trn b mt bnh xe cng tc th s sn sinh
ra hin tng han r gy ra h hng gi l ph hoi ca ha hc.
- Lc th tch bt kh b thu nh tng ng vi qu trnh nn, nhit
s tng cao, ngoi ra di tc dng ca thy kch, sn sinh hin tng
bin dng v nc, nhit cng tng. Thc nghim cho thy nhit tc
thi do s tan v ca cc bt kh c khi tng ti 300 0C mt khc do s phn
b khng u nhit do trn b mt bnh xe cng tc, gia vng nng v
vng lnh to ra dng in, gy hin tng in phn b mt kim loi dn
n s ph hy b mt bnh xe cng tc.
- Qua phn tch trn ta thy rng, hin tng xm thc l mt hin
tng kh phc tp. Tc dng ph hoi ca xm thc l tc dng tng hp
ca cc hin tng ha hc, c kh, in phn... trong tc dng ph hoi
c kh l ch yu, tuy nhin cc hin tng trn c tc dng tng h thc
y ln nhau. Tc dng ha hc in phn thc y tc dng c kh. Ngc
li do s ph hoi c kh tng nhanh, lm cho ph hoi ha hc v in phn
cng c iu kin tng nhanh.
- Hin tng xm thc sn sinh khng nhng lm mi mn hay lm r
b mt thit b, m cn sn sinh ra mt lot hin tng v gy hu qu khng
tt trong qu trnh vn hnh. V d gy nn chn ng ting n ca my lm
cho mt phn nng lng nc chuyn thnh nhit nng, hn na thc y
s ph hoi ca xm thc. Lc bt kh nhiu n mt mc no lm
Trang 21
cho chuyn ng ca nc khng cn l chuyn ng lin tc, nh hng

xu n s chuyn bin nng lng nc lm gim hiu sut turbine.
Vn xm thc l vn nhc nhi trong vn hnh turbine, chnh
v th, n c coi l cn bnh ung th trong cng tc vn hnh h thng
thy lc.
2.2.4.2 Cc bin php hn ch ti a hin tng xm thc trong vn
hnh h thng thy lc:
Sau nhiu nm qun l, vn hnh cc t my pht in ca Thy in
Dray HLinh 2, cc k s tm ra nhiu bin php gim ti a hin tng
xm thc bnh xe cng tc ca turbine. l:
- Duy tr p sut pha di bnh xe cng tc ln hn hoc bng p sut
gii hn.
- iu chnh cao tm bnh xe cng tc tng ng vi chiu cao ht
ct nc sao cho p sut vng bnh xe cng tc khng thp hn p sut gii
hn. ng thi, trong cng tc vn hnh phi lun gi cho turbine lm vic
trong vng c tnh ca vn hnh do nh ch to quy nh.
2.3 NI DUNG QUY TRNH:
iu 1:
Khi vn hnh cc thit b trong nh my ch cho php nhng ngi
qua chng trnh hun luyn, o to v sa cha v vn hnh thit b,
hc an ton lao ng trc khi lm vic vi cc thit b.
iu 2:
Ch cho php vo bung xon, ng x, khi bm cn bung xon,
ng x v c cc bin php an ton cn thit. Khng cho php m ca van,
ca nhn nc, ng cc ca vung, ca trn khi ngi ph trch i cng
tc cha c phiu cng tc.
iu 3:
Trang 22
Ch cho php vo bung xon, ng x khi c t nht 2 ngi v c

trnh chuyn mn v kim tra, sa cha turbine. Ngi gim st hoc
ngi ch huy trc tip c trnh an ton t nht bc III.
iu 4:
ngn chn cc trng hp nguy him cho ngi, cn phi t cc
bin bo cn thit khi sa cha turbine. Phi ct ngun h thng t ng
iu khin turbine.
iu 5:
Khi tin hnh cc cng vic sa cha servomotor v cc ng ng
du MHY hoc c cu quay cnh hng phi h ca van ca nhn nc v
tho cn ng ng p lc.
iu 6:
Khi turbine ang lm vic hoc dng d phng. Cm ng ln cc c
cu quay cnh hng nh: vnh iu chnh, thanh truyn.
iu 7:
- Khi mt mt MBA t dng nh my th ly t MBA cn li bng b
chuyn i ngun d phng t ng ti t u vo h thng t dng.
- u tin s dng ngun t dng t MBA t dng TD61.
- Khng c php ha 2 my bin p t dng TD61 v TD32 vi
nhau.
iu 8:
- Khi thay i phng thc kt ni dy trn thanh ci 35kV phi bo
cho iu A3, B41, lnh o ph trch k thut, Qun c nh my bit v
ch c php thc hin khi lnh o ph trch k thut ng .
iu 9:
- Trong vn hnh bnh thng iu chnh dng kch t (cng sut v
cng Q) ca my pht sao cho in p trn thanh ci 35kV ti a l 38.5 kV.
Theo di in p thanh ci t dng khng c vt qu 400V.
Trang 23
- Trong trng hp in p trn thanh ci 35kV tng cao m kh nng

02 t my khng iu chnh gim v c th phi bo cho A3 bit x
l.
iu 10:
- Trong qu trnh vn hnh t ng, nu c b phn no lm vic
khng tt m vn c th duy tr lm vic c th phi thao tc h tr bng
tay nhng ngay sau phi bo vi Ban lnh o nh my c k hoch
a thit b ra sa cha hon chnh mch t ng.
iu 11:
- Phng thc vn hnh chnh ca t my l t ng.
- Ch khi ng hoc dng my bng tay ch p dng trong trng
hp th nghim, hiu chnh my v x l s c.
- Cho php tin hnh dng my bng tay khi mch dng t ng b
trc trc hoc pht sinh tnh hung gy nguy him cho con ngi v thit b.
iu 12:
- D vn hnh bng tay hay t ng, ngun in cung cp cho cc
mch iu khin, bo v o lng v tn hiu phi y v lin tc.
iu 13:
- Trong mi trng hp vn hnh nu b iu tc b trc trc hoc h
hng cc bo v chnh ca my pht, my bin p khi th phi nhanh chng
bo A3 xin dng my kim tra, x l.
- Khi pht hin h hng cc bo v d phng phi bo vi lnh o
ph trch k thut xin kin, bo A3 xin huy ng my d phng thay
th.
iu 14:
- Phng thc ha in chnh l t ng c thc hin bng b ha
SDQ200.
- Khi b ha SDQ200 b trc trc th nhanh chng bo A3, B41.
Trang 24
- Ho in bng tay chnh xc ch p dng:

+ Khi b ho t ng b trc trc m yu cu ca iu i hi p
ng nhanh cng sut cho li.
+ Ho ch th nghim.
iu 15:
Khng cho php vn hnh t my khi:
- C nhng va p, ting n v nhng hin tng khc nh hng
n qu trnh lm vic bnh thng ca t my.
- p lc nc chn trc b mt hoc nh hn p lc cho php.
- p sut du trong bnh MHY h xung di 50 bar hoc mc du
trong bnh cha thp hn mc du s c 750 mm.
iu 16:
- Khng cho php khi ng, ha li hai t my cng mt lc.
- Nghim cm ha t my vo li (t ng hoc bng tay) trong cc
trng hp sau:
+ B iu tc b trc trc.
+ B t ng iu chnh in p (AVR) b trc trc.
+ Khi tn s v in p li khng n nh.
iu 17:
- Trong mi trng hp vn hnh, t my phi pht cng sut sao cho
t hiu sut cao nht, trnh khng t my vn hnh ngoi vng gii hn
cho php.
- Trong trng hp khng m bo ct p v lu lng phi ngng
ngay t my.
iu 18:
Khng cho php my pht lm vic bt k mt ch no m nhit
o c ca cun dy rotor, li st stato, , hng trn, hng
di, hng turbine, nhit khng kh, nc lm mt v o trc cao
hn tr s quy nh ca nh ch to.
Trang 25
- Nhit du : 50oC (bo ng); (55oC trong 15 pht- s c).

- Cc sc mng : 60oC (bo ng); 65o C(s c) (Sc mng trng).
: 65oC (bo ng) ;70oC (s c) (Sc mng xm).
- Cc sc mng hng trn: 70o C.
- Cc sc mng hng di: 70o C.
- Cc sc mng hng turbine : 60oC (bo ng); 65o C(s c).
- Du turbine cc : 10o C ~ 35oC.
- Cun dy stator : 120oC.
- Cun dy rotor : 130oC.
- Vnh gp : 120oC.
- Nc lm mt : 30oC.
- Khng kh ngui : 35oC.
- Khng kh nng : 65oC.
- o hng turbine : 0,20 mm.
iu 19:
Trong ch gi cng sut c nh, phi gi my pht pht cng sut
ng theo yu cu ca iu . Khi tn s li vt qu 50 0,5Hz phi
bo cho iu bit.
iu 20:
Nhit lp du trn ca my bin p nng trong mi trng hp vn
hnh khng c cao hn 650C. (600C bo ng, 650C s c).
iu 21:
Khng cho php my pht lm vic lu di khi sai lch dng in gia
cc pha ca stator ln, trc tr s dng in pha cao nht khng vt
qu nh mc v o trc khng vt qu tr s cho php.
iu 22:
Trong vn hnh bnh thng cng nh khi dng d phng, cc bo v
ca khi t my lun sn sng ch lm vic.
Trang 26
iu 23:
Khi khi ng t my sau khi dng lu ngy phi nng rotor trc khi
khi ng. Khng c nng ln qu 10 mm.
iu 24:
- Phi iu chnh lu lng nc lm mt kp thi khi c hin tng
gim t ngt lu lng, tc nghn b lm mt hoc nhit du tng cao
hn mt cch khng bnh thng.
iu 25:
- Cc hng mc kim tra v chu k kim tra cc c tnh theo gi
theo cc bng sau:
-
Cc hng mc kim tra 1000 4000 8000h Ghi
Stt
h h ch
1 hao mn cc sc mng
2 Cht lng du bi trn
3 B lm mt
4 Kim tra s hon ho ca
- hng:
Cc hng mc kim tra 1000 4000 8000h Ghi
Stt
h h ch
1 hao mn cc sc mng
2 Cht lng du bi trn
3 B lm mt
4 Khe h sc mng hng

trn
Trang 27
5 o in tr cch in ca

hng vi t
6 Kim tra s hon ho ca

hng
Du ch cc hng mc s c kim tra, thi gian xut cho

tng hng mc c th khc nhau ty thuc tnh trng thc t ca nh my.
Khi thi gian vn hnh t my ln hn 8000 gi th cc hng mc kim tra
thc t v k hoch kim tra s c sp xp bi nh my.
2.3.1 KHI NG T MY V X L S C TRONG QU
TRNH KHI NG.
iu 26:
- Khi khi ng ln u nhit ca cc phi c gim st mt
cch cht ch trong khi tng tc t my, khng cho php c s thay i
nhit t ngt. Ngay sau khi tc ca t my t c gi tr nh mc,
nhit ca cc phi c ghi li mi 1 hoc 2 pht trong na gi u v
mi 15 pht trong na gi tip theo v mi 30 pht trong mt gi cho n
khi nhit t my n nh. Nc n cc b lm mt cc phi c cung
cp lin tc trong qu trnh khi ng. Ln khi ng chy th nghim u
tin ny s kt thc sau khi cc t c nhit n nh.
- Thc hin dng t my bng tay, khi tc ca t my gim bng
30% tc nh mc, tin hnh phanh t my bng tay cho n khi t my
dng hon ton, sau mi c gii tr phanh. Cn ch thc hin cc hng
mc sau:
+ Gim st s thay i nhit ca cc .
+ Kim tra s dao ng mc du cc .
- Thc hin kim tra ton b, c bit kim tra cc b phn quay c b
lng lo hoc h hng hay khng v kim tra s tr v ca cc b phanh.
Trang 28
iu 27:
- Ch c php khi ng t my khi qu trnh dng my kt thc.
- Cc phiu cng tc trn t my c thu hi, n v cng tc
rt khi hin trng v khng c s thiu st no trn thit b gy nh hng
n s lm vic ca khi t my.
iu 28:
- Ch c php khi ng bng tay theo iu 11 ca quy trnh ny.
iu 29:
khi ng t my cn m bo cc iu kin.
- C tn hiu sn sng khi ng, n bo G ok sng (t LCU1,2).
- Mch in iu khin, bo v o lng v tn hiu sn sng, c
ngun t dng t my.
- Ngun ln dy ct my ct u cc 6.3kV, my ct khi 35kV ct, tn
hiu ch bo l xo my ct cng.
- Ngun kch t ban u sn sng.
- p lc v mc du iu khin y .
- Mc du trong , hng turbine v hng my pht bnh
thng.
- Cc van nc, du v kh ng v tr vn hnh. Nc lm mt
sn sng.
- Khng c s c phanh.
- Nhit du cc 10oC ~ 35oC.
- Khng c s c h thng o nhit.
- B mt vnh gp khng b chy.
- Cc n tn hiu c hiu s c gii tr, trn bng iu khin
khng bo tn hiu gy nh hng n qu trnh khi ng v lm vic khi
t my.
- Khng cn dao tip t c nh hoc di ng no trn khi t my
ang ng.
Trang 29
- Tt c dng c, vt dng ca ton cng tc trong khu vc t my

c dn dp, khu vc cng tc lm v sinh sch s.
iu 30:
Khi ng t ng v ho my vo li:
- Khi tha mn cc iu kin trn cho php my pht sn sng khi
ng.
- Khi ng t ng t my c thc hin ti Gian my ti t LCU1
(LCU2) hoc t Phng iu khin trung tm bng my tnh.
- Kha Control mode SA1 v tr Local (khi ng t trung tm
v tr Remote).
- Kha Synchro mode SA2 v tr Synchro.
- Kha Operation mode SA3 v tr Auto.
- Kho Synchro meter SA4 v tr ON.
- Kho Main T SA5 v tr ON.
- Nhn nt iu khin cnh hng v cnh xoay t iu tc v tr
Auto.
- Nhn nt START - Khi ng.
My pht chun b cho qu trnh khi ng:
Bc 1:
- Kim tra ca nhn nc m hon ton cha, cha th tin hnh
nng ca nhn nc ln.
- Nu khng tha mn iu kin ny th xut hin cnh bo.
- Kim tra my ct dp t ng .
Bc 2:
- Nu my ct cha ng th xut hin cnh bo.
Bc 3:
- Kim tra cht kha cnh hng m cha, cha th tin hnh m
kha cht cnh hng.
Trang 30
- Nu khng tha mn iu kin ny th xut hin cnh bo v chng

trnh s t thot khi tin trnh khi ng.
Bc 4:
- a h thng nc k thut vo hot ng.
- Kim tra tnh trng h thng nc k thut.
- Nu h thng khng hot ng, s xut hin cnh bo v chng
Bc 5:
- X kh m kn sa cha.
- Kim tra khng cn p lc trong m kn sa cha.
Bc 6:
- Kim tra p lc nc m kn chn trc.
- Nu khng tha mn iu kin ny th s xut hin cnh bo v
chng trnh s t thot khi tin trnh khi ng.
My pht ch khng ti:
Bc 7:
- Chng trnh a lnh ti h thng iu tc.
- M cnh hng n m khi ng, nu khng t ti m khi
ng th s cnh bo v chng trnh s tin hnh dng my.
- Nu cnh hng t m khi ng th tin hnh kim tra tc
my pht t > 95% tc nh mc.
- Nu tc my pht khng t 95% tc nh mc th xut hin
cnh bo v chng trnh s t thot khi tin trnh khi ng.
Bc 8:
- a lnh ti h thng kch t.
Trang 31
- Kim tra in p my pht > 95% in p nh mc. Nu khng tha

mn iu kin ny th xut hin cnh bo v chng trnh s t thot khi
tin trnh khi ng. Nu tha mn th tip tc thc hin bc tip theo.
Ho my pht vo h thng:
Bc 9:
- Chng trnh a b ho ng b vo lm vic.
- Nu tha mn iu kin ng b th s a lnh ng my ct pha
cao th my bin p nng.
- Kim tra my ct 331 (332) ng hay cha.
- My ct 331 (332) ng, kt thc qu trnh ha ng b v thit lp
cng sut ban u.
Bc 10:
Nu iu kin thit lp cng sut ban u P, Q khng t c, sau 2
pht s cnh bo vic tng cng sut khng thnh cng.
Bc 11:
- Khi thit lp c cng sut ban u th a lnh kt thc qu
trnh khi ng.
- Tng cng sut n tr s yu cu.
Theo trnh t logic c lp trnh trc qu trnh khi ng t my
din ra hon ton t ng di s gim st, iu khin ca h thng PLC v
thit b o lng v iu khin SDZ210.
iu 31:
X l cc s c khi khi ng :
- a lnh khi ng, nu m cnh hng t n m khi
ng, roto my pht quay nhng quan st thy ng h tc khng lm
vic phi kim tra ngay. Nu trong thi gian ngn m khng x l c th
Trang 32
phi dng my bng tay. Phanh t my khi tc cn khong 30% tc

nh mc.
- Khi tc my pht tng dn n nh mc, nu pht hin thy c s
bt thng ca t my th phi tin hnh dng t my khn cp.
- Khi tc t my t nh mc nhng khng n nh th nghim
cm ho my m phi bo A3 xin dng my.
- Ho t ng bng b ho SDQ200, nu thy dng kch t v in p
my pht khng c, cn phi kim tra ngun kch thch ban u mt chiu v
cc tn hiu bo t h thng kch t.
iu 32:
Khi ng t my bng tay:
Trnh t khi ng t my bng tay:
- Chn ch iu khin Manual cho h thng iu khin t ng
t my (chuyn kha SA3 t LCU1 (LCU 2)- v tr Manual).
- M h thng nc lm mt.
- H h thng phanh t my.
- Kim tra 331(332) ang ct, 601(602) ang ng.
- M cht kho cnh hng.
- X kh trn m kn sa cha.
- a b iu tc vo lm vic.
- B iu tc t ch khi ng bng tay bng cch nhn nt
Manual ti b iu tc t my cho cnh hng, cnh xoay.
- Dng nt nhn Tng - INC ti t iu tc in :
+ M cnh hng n m khi ng.
+ M cnh xoay n m khi ng.
- Kim tra tc t 95% tc nh mc ti t iu tc.
- Dng nt nhn Gim - DEC ti t iu tc in :
+ Gim m cnh xoay ti t iu tc v m khng ti.
+ Gim m cnh hng ti t iu tc v m khng ti.
Trang 33
- ng kch t vo lm vic khi tc my pht n nh 95~100%

tc nh mc.
- a mch ho bng tay vo lm vic.
- iu chnh in p my pht bng in p h thng pht (UF=UL).
- iu chnh tn s my pht bng tn s h thng (fF=fL).
- Kim tra gc lch pha tha mn, my ct 331(332) t ng ng.
- Tng P, Q ti t LCU1 (LCU2).
- Chuyn kho Synchro meter SA4 v v tr OFF.
2.3.2 DNG MY V X L CC S C TRONG QU TRNH
DNG MY, TRNG NOM MY TRONG D PHNG:
2.3.2.1 Dng my bnh thng:
iu 33:
Dng t my bnh thng - t ng:
- Kim tra trc khi dng
- Kha Control mode SA1 v tr Local (khi ng t trung tm
v tr Remote).
- Kho iu khin SA3 trn LCU1 (LCU2) v tr Auto.
- Nt chn lnh SB6 dng my t ng t LCU1 (LCU2).
- Cc iu kin dng t my sn sng.
Trnh t dng my:
Bc 1: Kim tra cc iu kin dng my:
- Kim tra t my ang tnh trng pht in
- Kim tra cc ngun nui bnh thng.
Bc 2: Gim ti my pht n khng ti:
- T t LCU1 (LCU2) (my tnh trung tm) a lnh gim ti n iu
tc c - in, n h thng kch t t my.
- Lnh gim ti a n iu tc v kch t.
Trang 34
- Kim tra my pht c ng trng thi khng ti. Nu tin trnh

khng thc hin c th xut hin cnh bo, chng trnh s t ng thot
khi lnh dng. Nu t my chuyn sang trng thi khng ti th chng
trnh s tip tc bc 3.
Bc 3: Ct my ct:
- Chng trnh a lnh t ng i ct my ct 331(332).
- Nu my ct khng ct s xut hin cnh bo, chng trnh s t
ng thot khi tin trnh dng.
- Nu my ct ct th qu trnh dng my tip tc thc hin nh
bc 4.
Bc 4: Kim tra in p kch t:
- Kim tra in p kch t v 0, nu khng tha mn th xut hin cnh
bo.
Bc 5: LCU1 (LCU2) a lnh dng h thng iu tc, h thng kch t.
Bc 6: H thng iu tc thc hin:
- ng v kim tra cnh hng ng hon ton.
- Nu cnh hng cha ng th xut hin cnh bo, chng trnh s
t ng thot khi tin trnh dng.
- Nu cnh hng ng th chng trnh a lnh thc hin ng
cht kho cnh hng.
- Kim tra tn hiu cht kho cnh hng ng cha.
Bc 7: Gim tc my pht v 0:
- Theo di tc gim n < 30% nm.
- Nu khng tha mn iu kin trn th s xut hin cnh bo, chng
trnh s t ng thot khi tin trnh dng my.
- Nu t yu cu th chng trnh s a lnh cho h thng phanh vo
lm vic.
- Kim tra t my dng hon ton.
Trang 35
- a lnh cht kho cnh hng. Kim tra cht kho cnh hng
ng hon ton.
- Nu cht kho cnh hng khng ng c th xut hin cnh bo,
chng trnh s t ng thot khi lnh dng bnh thng.
- Nu cht kho cnh hng ng th chng trnh tip tc bc 8.
Bc 8: Dng t my a vo d phng:
- Theo di tc gim n < 2% nm.
- Nu tin trnh bnh thng, chng trnh s a lnh gii tr h
thng phanh.
- Kim tra cc i phanh h an ton 1~4.
- Nu khng tha mn iu kin trn th xut hin cnh bo, chng
trnh s t ng thot khi tin trnh dng bnh thng.
- Chng trnh a lnh t ng dng h thng nc k thut.
- Chng trnh ng van a nc k thut.
- Chng trnh a lnh cp kh vo m kn sa cha.
- Kim tra p lc kh m kn sa cha.
- Kt thc qu trnh dng bnh thung v a t my vo ch dng
d phng.
- Kim tra tnh trng cc thit b c - in m bo t my sn sng
cho khi ng ln sau. Nu pht hin tnh trng bt thng bo co lnh o
nh my c bin php sa cha.
- Ngay sau khi my ngng hn,nhn vin trc nht phi o in tr
cch in cun dy stator v ton b mch kch thch.
2.3.2.2 Dng my s c:
iu 34:
T my phi c dng khn cp do bo v tc ng hoc do nhn vin vn
hnh thao tc trong cc trng hp sau:
Trang 36
- Cc mc du trong , cc hng v bnh MHY thp hn mc

cho php.
- Khi c khi, ngn la, tia la trong my pht in.
- Nhit cc sc mng , cc hng ca t my tng cao qu
mc quy nh.
- Tc quay t my vt qu tr s lng tc cho php.
- Khi xy ra tai nn lao ng m cn phi dng my.
iu 35:
Dng s c loi 1.
T my dng s c loi 1 khi xy ra trong cc iu kin sau:
- Nhit cc tng cao s c ( , hng my pht v hng
turbine).
- Nc lm mt khng c hoc khng m bo p lc.
- Nhit khng kh ngui tng cao s c.
- Lng tc 145%.
- S c du iu tc.
- Dng khn cp bng tay (khng c s c).
Nu xy ra mt trong cc trng hp trn th mch t ng t my s
thc hin theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Chng trnh t ng thc hin:
- Kim tra tin trnh dng s c loi 1.
- Nu tin trnh thc hin sai, phi kim tra li trc khi a t my
vo ch ch.
- Nu tin trnh thc hin dng ng, tip tc bc 2.
- Kim tra s c t my.
- Nu khng thc hin li bc 1.
- Nu ng thc hin bc 3.
Trang 37
- a lnh ct my ct u cc, my ct dp t.
- a lnh dng ti h thng iu tc, h thng kch t.
- H thng iu tc dng s c.
- Kim tra my ct u cc ct tt.
- Kim tra kch ct hon ton.
- Tip tc thc hin bc 6 ca tin trnh dng bnh thng.
iu 36:
Dng s c loi 2
T my dng s c loi 2 khi xy ra 1 trong cc trng hp sau:
- Gy cht ct cnh hng (c th l khi dng my).
- Tc t my >155% tc nh mc.
- Dng khn cp bng tay khi c s c.
- Nu xy ra 1 trong cc trng hp trn th mch t ng t my thc
hin cc bc sau:
- Kim tra cc iu kin dng khn cp s c cp 2.
- Nu sai th kim tra li.
- Nu ng th thc hin tip bc 2.
- Kim tra rle s c tc ng.
- Nu sai th kim tra bc 1.
- Nu ng th thc hin tip bc 3.
- a lnh tc ng n van gii hn tc .
- a lnh h ca nhn nc.
- Cc bc cn li ging nh bc 3 khi dng s c loi 1.
iu 37:
Trnh t dng my bng tay.
Trang 38
- Chn ch iu khin Manual ca t LCU1 (LCU2).

- Kho Operation mode SA3 t LCU1 (LCU2) t v tr
Manual.
- Ti t iu tc t ch Manual cho cnh hng v cnh xoay.
- Dng lnh gim-DEC ca cnh hng ti t iu tc gim
cng sut P my pht v khng ti.
- Dng kho SB4 iu chnh cng sut Q v 0.
- Ct my ct 331 (332) bng kho SB9 ti t LCU1 (LCU2).
- Ct kch t bng nt STOP ti t kch t.
- Dng lnh gim-DEC ti t iu tc gim ng cnh hng
hon ton.
- Dng b iu tc.
- Kim tra tc my pht 30% tc nh mc, cp kh vo h
thng phanh.
- Khi tc my pht v 0 ng nc lm mt.
- Cp kh vo khoang trn tr li v tr cc con i phanh sau x kh
ra.
- ng cht kho cnh hng.
- a kh vo m kn sa cha.
iu 38:
- Chuyn ch iu tc t t ng sang bng tay, ch cho php trong
cc trng hp c bit v phi c lnh o ph trch k thut ng .
Lu : Khi iu tc ang ch bng tay. Nu s c xy ra th nhn vin
vn hnh phi nhanh chng dng khn cp t my bng nhn nt
Emergency ti t iu tc.
iu 39:
- Sau khi dng my nhn vin vn hnh phi kim tra tnh trng t
my pht hin xem c g bt thng hay khng kp thi x l a t
my vo d phng. Cc v tr phi kim tra:
Trang 39
+ My ct my pht.
+ Nc trn np turbine.
+ Bm nc ng.
+ Bm du r.
+ Du hng turbine, my pht.
iu 40:
Sau khi my dng hn nhn vin vn hnh phi lm v sinh khu vc sau:
- Lau chi du loang trn hng turbine.
- Lau chi vnh gp chi than ca rotor.
- Khu vc nc my pht.
- Cc bng t iu khin, o lng, bo v.
- Bm du HYZ.
iu 41:
- T my sau khi dng hn, nu khng c yu cu g a ra sa cha
phi t trong tnh trng d phng.
- T my d phng l t my dng nhng c th khi ng li v ho
vo h thng in bt k lc no.
iu 42:
Trong thi gian dng my nhn vin vn hnh phi kim tra, theo di:
- S lm vic ca cc bm du HYZ.
- p lc v mc du trong bnh du p lc.
- Mc du v nhit du trong thng du x.
- Mc du cc .
- p lc nc lm mt m kn trc.
- p lc kh m kn sa cha.
- p lc kh u vo h thng phanh.
- n bo c ngun cp cho b iu tc in.
- n bo c ngun cp cho t iu khin PLC.
Trang 40
- Tn hiu bo trn bng iu khin t my, my tnh.

- Cc hin tng bn ngoi, gy nh hng n qu trnh khi ng t
my.
Nu pht hin thy g bt thng phi nhanh chng x l m bo t my
sn sng khi ng.
iu 43:
Trong thi gian dng my (dng d phng), mi cng tc mun thc hin
trn khi t my phi ng k vi A3 v ch c thc hin khi c A3
ng .
iu 44:
T my tnh trng dng d phng phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
- Mch iu khin, bo v, o lng v tn hiu ca t my phi sn
sng.
- Cc iu kin khi ng t my phi tha mn:
+ Ngun ln dy ct my ct phi sn sng.
+ Ca van nhn nc phi m hon ton .
+ H thng du HYZ lm vic bnh thng.
+ Trng thi cc van ca h thng nc, du kh ng s vn hnh.
+ p lc kh phanh t my sn sng.
2.3.3 THEO DI V KIM TRA THIT B TRONG VN HNH
BNH THNG:
iu 45:
Trong thi gian khi t my ang lm vic, phi thng xuyn kim tra cc
thng s sau:
- Ch lm vic ca t my ph hp vi yu cu ca h thng in,
cng sut hu cng, v cng phi vn hnh trong gii hn cho php.
- S phn chia cng sut P, Q gia cc t my.
- Tn s v in p my pht, in p thanh ci 35kV.
- in p v dng kch t.
Trang 41
- Nhit cun dy, li st stato, nhit du v sc mng cc ca

my pht-turbine, nhit khng kh nng, nhit nuc k thut.
- Nhit , mc du MBA.
- Quan h gia m cnh hng v cng sut pht.
- p sut v mc du iu khin, nhit v mc du bnh du x
HYZ.
- Mc du , hng turbine, hng my pht.
- p lc v lu lng nc lm mt.
- Quan st tm du r r, nc, kh qua cc b phn v ng dn.
- o trc ca my pht.
- p lc nc cu ho.
- p lc h thng kh nn cho phanh t my, o lng, HYZ.
- S lm vic ca h thng vnh gp rotor, ca chi than trong mch
bo v chm t rotor.
- in p h thng tn hiu, n lun sn sng, h thng chiu sng
y v an ton, h thng thng tin lin lc.
- Kim tra mc du v nhit , ting kuca MBA.
- Kim tra tnh trng lm vic ca my ct u cc my pht, my ct
xut tuyn, dao cch ly
- Mc nc thng lu h lu.
iu 46:
- Kim tra vnh gp rotor, chi than mt ln/ca, do Trng ca hoc
nhn vin vn hnh c bc an ton bc 4 tr ln m nhim.
- Chuyn i thit b chnh v d phng theo lch quy nh.
iu 47:
- Tt c mi pht hin h hng, thiu st ca thit b phi bo ngay
cho t sa cha, K thut vin v ghi vo s theo di h hng thit b vn
hnh, nht k vn hnh. Trong thi gian cha c lc lng sa cha, tm
Trang 42
cch khc phc tm thi hoc x l cc h hng theo quy trnh c th. Ngi
trc ca phi chu trch nhim v thit b trong khu vc qun l. Nhng ngui
khng c trch nhim lin quan n cng tc vn hnh khng c php i
li, cng tc trn thit b vn hnh tr trng c s ng ca Trng ca
hoc c danh sch c i kim tra mt mnh.
2.3.4 NHNG QUY NH CHUNG TRONG QU TRNH X L S
C:
iu 48: Mc nc np turbine tng cao:
1. Hin tng:
Tn hiu mc nc np turbine tng cao tc ng .
2. Nguyn nhn:
- Bc np turbine, hoc bc cc ng ng dn nc.
- m chn trc turbine b h hng.
3. Bin php x l:
- Kim tra chy bm ht nc np turbine (nu bm khng chy t
ng).
- Yu cu iu chnh cng sut cho n khi lng nc chn trc nh
nht.
- Nu mc nc khng gim yu cu dng my x l.
iu 49: Cht ct cnh hng nc b t.
1. Hin tng:
C tn hiu t cht.
2. Nguyn nhn:
- H hng cm bin t cht ct hoc mch tn hiu bo sai.
- Trong qu trnh iu khin ng cnh hng, cnh hng b kt do
c vt l hoc cht ct lm vic lu ngy t t.
3. X l:
- Theo di qu trnh dng my hon ton, lu rng mch phanh s
khng t ng gii tr.
Trang 43
- C lp t my kim tra v x l.
iu 50: Nhit du , hng my pht, hng turbine tng cao.
1. Hin tng:
Nhit du cc tng cao.
2. Nguyn nhn:
- Mt hoc gim lu lng nc lm mt cho cc .
- Hiu sut cc b lm mt ca cc km (do tt nghn, r r nc).
- Cht lng du khng m bo hoc cm bin tc ng sai.
3. X l:
- Kim tra lu lng nc lm mt, cc van u vo u ra cc , nu
gim lu lng th m thm cc van.
- Khc phc ch r r.
- Ly mu du kim tra, kim tra cm bin, thng xuyn theo di
nhit du cc , nu nhit tng cao gn n tr s tc ng ca bo v,
bo iu xin dng my x l.
iu 51: Nhit sc mng , hng my pht, hng turbine tng
cao.
1. Hin tng:
Nhit sc mng cc tng cao.
2. Nguyn nhn:
- Mt hoc gim lu lng nc lm mt cc do b nght ng
ng, van b ng, ng ng nc b nt hoc b.
- Trong du lm mt cc c nc do h thng lm mt b r, mc
du cc gim thp.
- Khe h cc sc mng khng ng u.
3. X l:
- Tng lu lng nc lm mt, khc phc ch r r.
Trang 44
- Kim tra mc du cc , nu mc du gim thp phi lm ra nguyn

nhn v tm cch khc phc.
- So snh nhit cc sc mng nh gi tnh trng khe h.
Thng xuyn theo di nhit sc mng cc , nu nhit tng cao gn
n tr s tc ng ca bo v, bo iu xin dng my x l.
iu 52: rung np turbine tng cao tc ng dng my.
1. Hin tng:
- Trn bng bo hiu rung tng cao.
- C tn hiu m thanh s c.
2. Nguyn nhn:
- Do dao ng cng sut.
- Dng 3 pha my pht khng cn bng.
- o trc ln.
3. X l:
Theo di qu trnh dng my hon ton.
- Nu do nguyn nhn 1: gii tr s c cho php khi ng li t my.
- Nu do nguyn nhn 2: kim tra cn thn tnh trng t my, nu
khng pht hin h hng th cho php khi ng li t my, gim st qu
trnh mang ti.
- Nu do nguyn nhn 3: c lp t my x l.
iu 53:
o trc cc : , hng my pht, hng turbine tng cao tc
ng dng my.
1. Hin tng:
- Trn bng bo hiu rung tng cao.
- C tn hiu m thanh s c.
2. Nguyn nhn:
- Do t my lm vic vi dng khng cn bng ln.
- Khe h cc sc mng tng cao.
Trang 45
3. X l:
Theo di qu trnh dng my hon ton.
- Ghi li cc thng s nhit cc ti thi im s c.
- C lp t my, bo phn xng sa cha, x l.
iu 54: Mc nc np turbine tng qu cao bo tn hiu.
1. Hin tng:
C tn hiu cnh bo mc nc turbine tng cao.
2. Nguyn nhn:
- H hng chn trc turbine lm mc nc np turbine tng cao.
- Cc ng t chy thot nc np turbine b tc, cc bm thot nc
np turbine h hng hoc khng lm vic t ng.
3. X l:
- Tm mi cch x l ch tt ng thot nc t chy, khi phc hoc
chy bm thot nc bng tay.
- Theo di mc nc np turbine, nu vn tip tc tng, huy ng cc
bm di ng.
- C lp t my kim tra sa cha.
- Khi t my dng nhng cha bm cn ng ng p lc m nc
vn r r qua chn trc turbine. Cho php a chn trc sa cha vo lm
vic.
iu 55:
Phn loi s c: C hai loi s c:
- C mch bo v: S c mch bo v l nhng s c c quy
nh theo thit k tn hiu bo c th tn s c.
- Khng c mch bo v: S c khng mch bo v l nhng s c
khng c trong thit k.
iu 56:
- Phng n chung khi x l s c mch bo v.
Trang 46
- Vi s c mch bo v, khng c trc tip can thip ngay m phi

theo di qu trnh t ng lm vic ca thit b, ch h tr bng tay khi cn
thit.
- i vi cc bo v c tn hiu bo trc phi nhanh chng xc nh
r nguyn nhn v tm cch x l trnh bo v tc ng lm gim ti cng
sut t my hoc dng s c t my.
- Khi 2 t my ang vn hnh, nu b dng s c mt t my th phi
c ngay mt nhn vin theo di s lm vic ca t my cn li, nu cn, phi
iu chnh cng sut t my cho ph hp.
- Sau khi s c tc ng phi kim tra li tnh trng ton b cc thit b
b bo v tc ng v cc thit b trong vng s c.
- Khi cc bo v chnh ca thit b tc ng, nu khng xc nh chnh
xc c nguyn nhn hoc khng x l trit th tuyt i khng c
php a thit b vo vn hnh.
- Ch c php a thit b vo vn hnh khi x l trit , c xc
nhn ca phn xng sa cha, phng k thut v ph gim c k thut
ng .
iu 57:
Phng n chung khi x l s c mch khng bo v:
- Vi s c mch khng bo v, trn c s cc ng h o lng, tn
hiu gin tip, cc biu hin bn ngoi m nhanh chng xc nh v tr
nguyn nhn, mc v tnh cht s c c bin php x l.
- C gng duy tr lm vic bnh thng ca thit b, trnh phi dng
my nu khng cn thit. X l phi nhanh chng, chnh xc v m bo an
ton.
iu 58:
Khi t my dng s c, cn kim tra:
- Tc t my khng vt qu gi tr cho php.
Trang 47
- Khng c r g nc bt thng cc c cu np turbine, chn trc,

cc ng ng nc, kh ni vo np turbine.
- Vic khi ng li ch c php kh xc nh v x l nguyn
nhn s c.
- Nu s c c sa thi ph ti khi khi ng li turbine phi tin hnh
o rung o v theo di nhit sc mng cc nh khi khi ng
ln u .
iu 59:
- Khi s c xy ra phi nhanh chng loi tr s c, ngn nga s c
pht trin ly lan lm tn hi n con ngui v thit b.
- Khi xy ra s c, Trng ca vn hnh phi khn trng ch huy x l
a thit b vo lm vic tr li, ng thi bo co tnh hnh cho iu ,
Lnh o ph trch k thut.
- i vi cc s c cha chy, ca vn hnh ngoi vic x l an ton
cho con ngi v thit b cn phi thc hin theo Quy trnh cha chy
c ban hnh trong nh my.
iu 60:
- Ca vn hnh phi nm r c tnh hnh din bin s c v phi ghi
chp li y r rng chnh xc, cc tn hiu, v cc thao tc x l s c
vo s nht k vn hnh.
2.3.5 X L S C T MY C MCH BO V.
2.3.5.1 Bo v t my.
Trang 48
Hnh 2.1:T bo v r le ti phng iu khin.

*Cc loi bo v cho my pht trong nh my gm:
- Bo v so lch my pht (87G).
- Bo v chm t stator (64).
- Bo v qu dng stator (51G).
- Bo v qu in p my pht (59G).
- Bo v khong cch t my (21G).
- Bo v qu ti th t nghch my pht (46G).
iu 61:
Bo v so lch my pht (87G).
1. Hin tng:
- My ct u cc my pht t ng ct, my ct 331(332) t ng
ct, my ct kch t Q1 t ng ct, t my t ng dng s c phn in.
- Ti trung tm:
+ S in chnh bng in Trung Tm v trong my tnh hin th:
My ct 601 (602), 331 (332) trng thi ct.
+ H thng tn hiu m thanh ti phng iu khin Trung tm pht m
thanh bo ng s c.
Trang 49
* My tnh ghi nhn s kin ti phng iu khin trung tm hin th cnh

bo:
- S c phn in my pht.
- Bo v so lch my pht tc ng.
- Tn hiu i ct my ct.
- Tn hiu i ct my ct dp t.
- Tn hiu tc ng van khn cp iu tc.
- Tn hiu tc ng van phn phi dng s c.
- Tn hiu ng cnh hng hon ton.
- ng cht kho cnh hng.
- Bng n tn hiu trong my tnh cnh bo:
+ S c phn in tc ng n mch bo v.
+ Bo v so lch my pht tc ng.
- Ti t bo v :
+ Hp b relay bo v bo n led: Output Tripping.
+ T LCU1 (LCU2) sng n G fault.
2. Nguyn nhn:
Ngn mch gia cc pha hoc ngn mch gia cc vng dy trong cng
mt pha trong vng bo v my pht.
3. X l:
- Quan st bung my pht, nu xut hin chy th nhanh chng tin
hnh cha chy.
- Theo di qu trnh dng my an ton, kim tra cc bc thc hin
theo quy trnh dng my bnh thung. Nu cha thc hin c th thao tc
h tr bng tay: Phanh t my, reset phanh, a kh vo m kn sa cha,
ngt h thng nc k thut.
- Gii tr cc tn hiu s c v mch dng s c bng cch nhn nt
Reset trn hp b rle v cc nt nhn SB8 t LCU1 (LCU2).
Trang 50
- Kim tra tnh trng my pht, my ct u cc my pht, my ct,

MBA nng, cc trc v cc phn t khc lin quan trong vng bo v.
- Sau khi my dng hon ton, tin hnh c lp my pht v bo t sa
cha kim tra x l.
- Nu pht hin nguyn nhn do bn ngoi r rng khng nh hng g
n t my, cho php a t my tr li lm vic.
iu 62:
Bo v chm t stator my pht.
1. Hin tng:
- Rle bo v chm t stator xut hin cnh bo.
Ti trung tm:
My tnh ghi nhn s kin ti phng iu khin trung tm hin th
cnh bo:
+ Chm t stator.
+ in p cun dy stator my pht gim thp.
+ Chm t trong mng 6.3 kV.
2. Nguyn nhn:
+ Chm t stator.
+ Chm t trong mng 6.3kV.
3. X l:
- Kim tra gi tr in p 3U0.
- Kim tra ton b cc thit b trong mng 6.3kV pht hin ch
chm t v tm cch x l.
- Sau khi my dng hon ton, gii tr cc tn hiu s c v mch
dng s c bng cch nhn nt Reset trn hp b rle v reset t my.
- Tin hnh c lp my pht v bo b phn sa cha kim tra x
l.
Trang 51
- Nu pht hin nguyn nhn do bn ngoi r rng khng nh hng g

n t my, cho php a t my tr li lm vic bnh thng sau khi loi
tr h hng.
- Nu pht hin nguyn nhn gy h hng tht s th phi x l trit
tiu. Bng n tn hiu trong my tnh bo tn hiu v ch c php khi
ng ho li t my vo li khi c s ng ca lnh o ph trch k
thut bo:
+ H hng phn in my pht.
+ Chm t stator my pht.
iu 63:
Bo v qu dng stator tc ng.
1. Hin tng:
- Dng stator tng cao.
- My ct u cc my pht 601 (602), my ct khi 331 (332), my
ct Q1 t ng ct.
- H thng tn m thanh cnh bo ti phng iu khin Trung tm.
- n bo s c t my trn t LCU1 (LCU2).
- Hp b relay bo v bo n led: Trip
Ti my tnh bo:
+ S c phn in tc ng n bo v.
+ Bo v qu dng stato tc ng.
+ Ct my ct.
2. Nguyn nhn:
- Do s c ngoi h thng.
- Do h hng h thng iu chnh kch t.
3.X l:
- Nu l nguyn nhn 1 th bo A3 ho li li vo t my.
Trang 52
- Nu l nguyn nhn 2 th kim tra li b iu chnh in p, bo b

phn sa cha kim tra x l.
- Kim tra li nhit cun dy stator, khng kh nng my pht.
- Lin h vi iu A3, B41 nm tnh hnh trn li in, ghi
nhn gi tr in p dao dng v cng sut v cng trn ng dy 35kV.
iu 64:
Bo v qu in p my pht (59G) tc ng.
1. Hin tng :
- in p my pht tng cao, in p thanh ci 35kV tng cao.
- Cc thng s cng sut, in p, dng in, tn s ca my pht v
tuyn ng dy u dao ng.
- My ct u cc my pht, my ct khi t ng ct, my ct Q1 ct
t ng.
Ti trung tm:
- S in chnh bng in Trung tm v trong my tnh hin th:
My ct u cc, my ct khi trng thi ct.
- H thng tn hiu m thanh ti phng iu khin Trung tm pht m
thanh bo ng s c.
- Rle bo v xut hin tn hiu bo v qu p stator my pht tc
ng.
- My tnh ghi nhn s kin ti phng iu khin trung tm hin th
cnh bo:
+ S c phn in my pht.
+ Bo v qu p my pht tc ng.
+ Tn hiu i ct my ct u cc, my ct khi.
+ Tn hiu i ct my ct dp t.
Bng n tn hiu trong my tnh cnh bo:
Trang 53
Ti gian my:
My ct dp t bo n trng thi ct.
2. Nguyn nhn:
- Do h hng h thng iu chnh kch t.
- Do s c ngoi h thng lm my my pht mt ti t ngt.
3. X l:
Theo di t my chy khng ti
- Nu l nguyn nhn 1 bo A3 ho li li vo t my.
- Nu l nguyn nhn 2 th kim tra li b iu chnh in p AVR,
bo b phn sa cha kim tra x l. Lin h vi iu A3, B41 nm
tnh hnh trn li in. Ghi nhn gi tr in p dao dng v cng sut v
cng trn ng dy 35kV. Kim tra li tnh trng bn ngoi ton b cc
thit b in cao p ca nh my.
iu 65:
Bo v khong cch t my (21G) tc ng.
1. Hin tng:
My ct u cc my pht, my ct khi t ng ct, my ct Q1 ct t
ng.
Ti trung tm:
- S in chnh bng in Trung Tm v trong my tnh hin th:
My ct 601 (602), 331 (332) trng thi ct.
thanh bo ng s c.
- Rle bo v xut hin tn hiu bo v khong cch my pht tc
ng.
cnh bo:
- S c phn in my pht:
Trang 54
Bo v khong cch t my tc ng.

+ Tn hiu i ct my ct 601 (602).
+ Tn hiu i ct my ct 331 (332).
+ Tn hiu i ct my ct dp t.
Bng n tn hiu trong my tnh cnh bo:
Ti gian my:
+ Sng n s c t my.
+ My ct dp t bo n trng thi ct.
2. Nguyn nhn:
- Do ngn mch bn trong hoc ngoi h thng m cc bo v
khng lm vic.
- Dao ng h thng ko di.
3. X l:
- Theo di my pht chy khng ti.
- Kim tra phn in trn khi t my.
- Bo A3, lin h B41 nm tnh hnh ngoi h thng.
- Bo sa cha kim tra li khi t my.
- Sau khi x l ngoi h thng, ng xung kch MBA T1, T2 pht lnh
khi ng ho my vo li v pht cng sut theo yu cu ca trung tm
iu A3.
iu 66:
Bo v qu ti th t nghch my pht (46G) bo tn hiu.
Bo v th t nghch my pht pht hin dng th t nghch khi ti mt
i xng, to ra t trng ngc trong my pht gy nng cc b roto cng
nh cun gim chn. ng thi bo v ny cng pht hin c s c khng
i xng vi dng s c nh hn dng ti cc i.
1. Hin tng:
Trang 55
Ti trung tm:
thanh bo ng s c.
- Rle bo v xut hin tn hiu cnh bo bo v qu ti.
cnh bo:
+ Qu ti th t nghch my pht:
Ti gian my:
T my rung ng mnh, o trc tng.
2. Nguyn nhn:
- Do ph ti mt i xng ko di
- Do ngn mch ngoi khng i xng.
3. X l:
- Kim tra v xc nh lch dng stato my pht.
- Do o trc my pht.
- Kim tra dng 3 pha ca 2 tuyn ng dy 371, 372 pht hin c
b mt cn bng ph ti hay khng.
- Kim tra nhit sc mng cc .
- Bo A3, B41 c bin php x l.
- Nu hin tng mt cn bng ko di v o trc cao hn mc
cho php hoc nhit sc mng cc cao gn n mc cho php th phi
bo co cho A3 xin php gim cng sut 2 t my, bo B41 xin ct ng
dy b mt i xng.
Lu : Trc khi ct my ct ng dy 35kV phi hi kin iu
xin gim cng sut ca cc t my.
2.4 GII THIU PHN MM SD200 TRONG CNG TC VN
HNH NH MY THY IN:
Trang 56
2.4.1 GII THIU:

Phn mm SD200 l phn mm c s dng trong cng tc vn hnh
nh my thy in Dray HLinh 2 bao gm chc nng iu khin qu trnh
khi ng, x l s c trong qu trnh khi ng, dng my, x l s c
trong qu trnh dng v m phng qu trnh vn hnh ca hai t my thng
qua thanh General ng thi mi thng s k thut trong qu trnh vn
hnh lun c hin th thng qua thanh Analog pic. Do vic vn hnh
trong nh my s thun li v hiu qu hn.
Di y l giao din v mt s hnh nh trong phn mm SD200:
Trang 57
Trang 58
Trang 59
Trang 60
2.4.2 QUY TRNH VN HNH NH MY BNG PHN MM

SD200:
2.4.2.1 Quy trnh khi ng t my:
- Kim tra thit b trc khi khi ng.
+ Kim tra my pht cn khi ng.
+ Kim tra chung ton nh my.
- Khi ng cc h thng ph theo trnh t:
+ M ca nhn nc (INTAKE GATE).
+ M van nc lm mt (COOLING WATER VALVE).
+ Khi ng bm lm mt (COOLING WATER PUMP).
+ M cht kha ng c Servo ( SERVO LOCKING DEVICE).
+ ng my ct kch t (FIELD DISCHARGE).
+ Nh phanh hm (AIR BREAK).
+ ng my ct u cc my pht.
+ Thc hin pht in (GENERATNG).
+ Tng cng sut theo yu cu ca iu .
+ Theo di thit b v theo di s liu nh k.
2.4.2.2 Quy trnh dng t my:
+ Gim ti n khng ti.
+ Ct my ct u cc my pht.
+ Thc hin dng my (SHUTDOWN).
+ Dng h thng ph theo trnh t ngc vi qu trnh khi ng.
+ Kim tra thit b sau khi dng my.
Trang 61
CHNG 3: CH GIAO, NHN CA V VN HNH

HON THIN MT CA TRC.
1. Nhn vin vn hnh cn c mt trc lc nhn ca t nht 15 pht tm
hiu nhng s vic xy ra t ca gn nht ca mnh n ca hin ti nm
c r rng tnh trng vn hnh ca cc thit b thuc quyn iu khin v
kim tra .
2. Trc khi nhn ca, nhn vin vn hnh phi tm hiu:
- Phng thc vn hnh trong ngy.
- S ni dy ca nh my in, lu nhng thay i so vi kt dy
c bn v tnh trng thit b.
- Nhng ghi chp trong s nht k vn hnh v cc s giao ca.
- Nghe ngi giao ca truyn t trc tip nhng iu c th v ch
vn hnh, nhng lnh ca lnh o cp trn m ca vn hnh phi thc hin
v nhng iu c bit ch hoc gii p nhng vn cha r.
- Kim tra hot ng ca h thng SCADA v thng tin lin lc.
- Kim tra trt t v sinh ni lm vic, thit b v dng c dng trong
ca.
- K tn vo s nhn ca.
3. Trc khi giao ca nhn vin cn phi:
- Hon thnh cc cng vic v s trong ca gm: ghi s giao ca, tnh
ton thng s, cc ti liu vn hnh khc theo quy nh ca tng n v, v
sinh cng nghip.
- Thng bo mt cch ngn gn, chnh xc v y cho ngi nhn
ca nhng thay i ca nh my in.
Trang 62
- Thng bo cho ngi nhn ca nhng hin tng bt thng xy ra

trong ca mnh v nhng hin tng khch quan ang e da n ch lm
vic bnh thng ca nh my in, ca thit b
- Gii thch thc mc ca ngi nhn ca v nhng vn cha r.
- K tn vo s giao ca sau khi ngi nhn ca k.
4. Th tc giao ca c thc hin xong khi nhn vin vn hnh giao ca v
nhn ca u k tn v s giao ca. K t khi k nhn ca, nhn vin vn
hnh nhn ca c y quyn hn v trch nhim thc hin nhng nhim
v ca mnh trong ca trc.
5. Sau khi nhn ca, trng ca vn hnh nh my in bo co cho k s
iu hnh h thng in min v iu vin li in phn phi theo
phn cp quyn iu khin:
- Tn ca trng ca v trng kp.
- Tnh trng my ang vn hnh.
- D kin kh nng pht cao nht, nhng kh khn thun li trong vic
chp hnh biu cng sut.
- S ni dy chnh ca nh my in.
- Cc s liu thy vn (mc nc thng lu, h lu, lu lng nc
v h, lu lng nc dng pht in).
- Tnh hnh thng tin lin lc gia nh my in vi cp iu c
quyn iu khin.
- Nhng kin ngh v vn hnh thit b ca nh my.
6. Nhn vin vn hnh khng c giao ca khi cha hon thnh cc cng
vic s v hoc cha thng bo y tnh hnh vn hnh trong ca cho
ngi nhn ca.
7. Nhn vin vn hnh khng c lm vic 2 ca lin tc, trong khi trc ca
khng c ung ru, bia, s dng cht kch thch khc b nghim cm.
8. Nhn vin vn hnh khng c giao ca khi c l do xc nh ngi
nhn ca khng tnh to do ung ru, bia, s dng cc cht kch thch
Trang 63
khc b nghim cm. Trng hp ny nhn vin vn hnh phi bo co lnh

o n v c ngi khc thay th.
- Nhn vin vn hnh khng c b v tr lc trc ca hoc ht gi trc
ca nhng cha c ngi n nhn ca.
9. Nhn vin vn hnh khng giao ca, nhn ca khi ang c s c hoc ang
tin hnh nhng thao tc phc tp. Nu c s ng ca nhn vin vn
hnh trc ban cp trn hoc lnh o n v trc tip th c quyn giao
nhn ca.
10. Nhn vin vn hnh khng c lm vic ring trong gi trc ca v
tuyt i khng cho ngi khng c nhim v vo phng trc ca nu khng
c php ca lnh o n v, trng phng hoc qun c phn xng
trc tip.
11. Trong thi gian trc ca, nhn vin vn hnh phi:
- Thc hin so v chnh gi thng nht vi cc cp iu .
- Nu r h tn v cc chc danh trong mi lin h (A3 v B41).
- Ni dung lin h phi ghi chp y vo s nht k vn hnh.
- Khi xy ra s c, hin tng bt thng trong ca trc ca mnh.
Nhn vin vn hnh phi thc hin ng cc iu quy nh trong quy trnh
x l s c v bo co nhng thng tin cn thit cho Lnh o n v v
iu cp trn bit.
- i vi s c nghim trng th ngay sau khi x l xong s c, nhn
vin vn hnh phi c bn bo nhanh gi v iu cp trn trc tip.
- Nhn vin vn hnh c nhim v thi hnh chnh xc, khng chm tr
v khng bn ci li lnh ch huy iu , tr nhng lnh m nhn vin vn
hnh xt thy c th gy nguy him n tnh mng ca mnh hay thit b th
c php cha thc hin m phi trnh by kin ca mnh cho cp trn
bit chnh sa kp thi.
Trang 64
MC LC
NI DUNG TRANG
Chng 1: Tng quan nh my thy in Dray HLinh 2. 3
1.1 Gii thiu. 3
1.2 S liu thy vn nh my. 3
1.3 Cc thng s chnh. 4
1.3.1 Phn turbine thy lc. 4
1.3.2 Phn my pht thy lc. 7
1.4 Cc chc danh trong quy trnh vn hnh. 10
1.5 Phng n kt ni dy ca nh my. 11
Chng 2: Quy trnh vn hnh nh my. 12
2.1 Quy nh chung. 12
2.2 Tng quan v nhim v vn hnh. 12
2.2.1 Mc ch ca cng tc vn hnh. 13
2.2.2 Cng vic tun tra trong nh my thy in. 15
2.2.3 Phng thc vn hnh v vai tr ca phng thc vn hnh.
16
2.2.4 Hin tng xm thc,tc hi v bin php hn ch hin tng xm
thc.17
2.3 Ni dung quy trnh. 19
2.3.1 Khi ng t my v x l s c trong qu trnh khi ng. 25
2.3.2 Dng my v x l s c trong qu trnh dng my. 31
2.3.3 Theo di v kim tra thit b trong vn hnh bnh thng. 38
Trang 65
2.3.4 Nhng quy nh trong qu trnh x l s c. 40

2.3.5 X l s c t my c mch bo v. 45
2.4 Gii thiu phn mm SD200 trong cng tc vn hnh NMT. 53
2.4.1 Gii thiu. 53
2.4.2 Quy trnh vn hnh nh my bng phn mm SD200. 57
Chng 3: Ch giao, nhn ca v hon thin mt ca trc. 58
Trang 66

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TP ON IN LC VIT NAM

TRNG CAO NG IN LC MIN TRUNG

KHO LUN TT NGHIP

TI: TM HIU CHUNG V CNG TC

Sinh vin thc hin: NGUYN TRNG

Ging vin hng dn: TRN DUY LINH

Qung Nam, ngy17 thng8 nm2011

TP ON IN LC VIT NAM CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

KHO LUN TT NGHIP

Sinh vin thc hin: NGUYN TRNG

ti: TM HIU CHUNG V CNG TC VN HNH NH MY

Sinh vin thit k Trng khoa

Nguyn Trng Hunh Thanh Tnh

Ging vin hng dn Gio vin duyt

Trn Duy Linh Nguyn Vn Ln

- Trong thi k cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc, in nng

Dray HLinh 1 v 2, Bun Kup, Srpk 3, S San 4 v.v...

Chng 2: Quy trnh vn hnh nh my.

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V NH MY THY IN

Hnh 1.1: Ton cnh nh my thy in Dray HLinh 2.

- Dung tch h cha: khong 25 triu m3.

- Khp ni ca bnh xe cng tc vi trc turbine m bo truyn

ln bng cao su tng hp. C cu iu khin iu chnh cc cnh hng

Hnh 1.2: S turbine Kaplan.

- Loi du thu lc m s 46.

khng kh lm mt, thn rotor c gi nh cc g phn di ai nm, cc

Hnh 1.3: Hai t my ca nh my thy in Dray HLinh 2.

1. Ni sn xut: Trung Quc.

5. Dng in nh mc: 22.9/336 A

6. Chu trnh thao tc ng ct: O 0.3sec - CO - 3min - CO

Hnh 1.4: S kt ni dy ca nh my thy in Dray HLinh 2

CHNG 2: QUY TRNH VN HNH NH MY.

- Mc ch th nht l cung cp in nng n nh cho ton b h

- Nm c tnh trng vn hnh ca nh my thu in ti mi thi

- Nm trc c khu vc lm vic, thi gian, khu vc mt in v

trong nh my thy in thng iu chnh tn s trong h thng in,

in p ca h thng in lun lun dao ng theo yu cu v c tnh

- Nc chuyn ng vi vn tc ln, nhng vng c tc cao s

Cho n nay cc nghin cu v hin tng xm thc vn cha c

- Trc ht cc ch c p sut thp hn p sut bc hi, cc th kh

sut khng kh, c khi t hng trm hng nghn p-mt-phe. Nu cc bt

cho chuyn ng ca nc khng cn l chuyn ng lin tc, nh hng

Ch cho php vo bung xon, ng x khi c t nht 2 ngi v c

- Trong trng hp in p trn thanh ci 35kV tng cao m kh nng

- Ho in bng tay chnh xc ch p dng:

- Nhit du : 50oC (bo ng); (55oC trong 15 pht- s c).

Du ch cc hng mc s c kim tra, thi gian xut cho

- Tt c dng c, vt dng ca ton cng tc trong khu vc t my

- Nu khng tha mn iu kin ny th xut hin cnh bo v chng

- Kim tra in p my pht > 95% in p nh mc. Nu khng tha

phi dng my bng tay. Phanh t my khi tc cn khong 30% tc

- ng kch t vo lm vic khi tc my pht n nh 95~100%

- Kim tra my pht c ng trng thi khng ti. Nu tin trnh

- Cc mc du trong , cc hng v bnh MHY thp hn mc

- Chn ch iu khin Manual ca t LCU1 (LCU2).

- Tn hiu bo trn bng iu khin t my, my tnh.

- Nhit cun dy, li st stato, nhit du v sc mng cc ca

- Kim tra mc du cc , nu mc du gim thp phi lm ra nguyn

- Vi s c mch bo v, khng c trc tip can thip ngay m phi

- Khng c r g nc bt thng cc c cu np turbine, chn trc,

Hnh 2.1:T bo v r le ti phng iu khin.

* My tnh ghi nhn s kin ti phng iu khin trung tm hin th cnh

- Kim tra tnh trng my pht, my ct u cc my pht, my ct,