ae - “Sa Radioactivity ap Keredoaktiren Te Cntrtney henson ‘Shared armen pages arranges own sgee rine “| -Raproacriviry J envoy | ‘Atomic structure | “Radioactive decay | Usesofradioisotopes | [Nuclear energy } ae aan mdi. Kepner ae ji t ucew ) ( Betron ‘clea fision Nas |_| ‘tron Penetanraer Tucker fasion ~ Nucicon manber Porn atar Nanbor mon + Proton uate Roto Managemen of + Number orneton | {2 ration masts Ne decay pon ‘some Ms dec rain neson ) |)» pdecay pan veda Cecio ian Trotopes * Medicine Fnory ‘ea Radiation Putt Tap Sere + Agine ten + Inds inter E=me ‘Type ofradiaton —)(+ GM tube Chain reaction Jens sina Tub GM Tindak bala beranat + a-particle /zanaa_|! + Cloud chamber + Bepantcle/aak |) Kebuk ann + Spark counter Fenians bangs api yay sinry1 Pyses Fam 5 Learning Objective: 5.1 Undorstansing te nu fan tam Nucleus of an atom ‘Nukleussuaty stom igram below shows cleciron arrangement of calcium atom, ajhibaah menanjansusunan clr atom kala soem stun Syele pc pt ht car Pt $e ge aes in Fc tn ‘Sorting tne seein ctr eG Se ti i any The Cherny sender! ented mach more ect code eer dnersty of eecine ‘Sears tan shia Daiarto fo fakin caonrve fl es rhea! ‘The number of neutrons for calcium atom is 20, ‘Biangun neutron bag atom kali ala 2 (@)_ Write down the nuctide notation fr the caleium atom. Tuliskan smb ud bg atom al it Bea (©) How many electrons are therein the neutral calcium atom? ‘enmpah biangan elton dalam sa ato klum yng neal? Diagram below shows three incomplete nuclide notation for oxygen element aja Bawah mens tig simbo nuk yo dak lengkop bag unsur kien, Naclide 1 Nuclide 2 Nuclide 3 lid 1 bid 2 Nuk 3 , ° : ‘0 B (@)_ Write down the proton mumber of nuclide 1. Taishan nombor proton bagi maid 1 8 (©) Nuctde 2 has 9 neutrons, What isthe nucleon number for nuclide 2? Null 2 mempunyat 9 neutron. Berapakal nombormuleon bag uk 2? 7 (©) Nuclde 3 has 10 neutrons. Complete the mucide notation for muclde 3. Null 3 mempunya 1 neutron. Leng smal mudd bas nal 18 So (4) State the difference between nuclide 1, nuclide 2 and nuclide 3 in terms of thie properties, Nyatakanperbezuanantara mui 1, maid 2 dan mali 3 dari sei sft ifr ‘The three nuclide have different densities, melting points and boiling points ‘Rettig lid erst mempurya eturpatan lak ebar dan chat didi yag rb 170 (nat sanira Sn ons. 167M)Physes Form Learning Objective: 5.2 Anasigraoactve decay Detection of radioactive emission Pengesanan pancaran radioakit 1 Disgram below showsa cloud chamber. A cloud chamber isadetectorwhich displays the tracks of charged particles Rajoh di bawah meu sebuah kebukawan,Kebukawan dala alt pengetan yng memaparkn ekzarah eras, Observer Pome emg Fel stip soaked in alco! Radioactive source Jaya dena daa ab Suber ria Track ek ‘Black chamiber floor Lani eb hits Dry ice sheng (@)_ Draw the tracks produced by each typeof following radiation. Explain your answer. Laas yang rhs leh sein sara bert. Trahan awapan anda Radiation Track (Characteristic and explanation + Thetrackisthickduevo___stwong ionising effet Tekadelhtebaldchabhan oleh Han ensonan yong al +The tracks straight because the alpha particles are _001 6) illesied__withitsreatermass, Alpha partite, Wek tas harana tra alfa tiara dipesonskan dengan ear Jisimayayang bi besae at + The tacks are almost of the same length because each alpha partcleemittedhas sist equal amount of enersy Tek hampir sama paring Kerana setiapzarah ae yang dipancorkan mempurye__ lh ena sans hap sama + The tackisthia because the ionising eect ofthe parties are SA Trokedlohnipskerana ese pena sarah adalah + The track twisted duc tothe particles are_con!inully elected by sir molecules pearbybecausetheyare Vahl neta Tek berpnal dschaban ana Brean dpe ok male wre particle, p erekatankeranaianya_ 8 Hzaah + The tracks have diferent length because the particles possess en cisfesentcneises The more energetic ones proguce Tonger tacks “ek mempuyal panian yan ere eranazarh mempuryal_ 08 ang bres. anehyang lebih betenapa menghasian "ESE eth aia lcamma + The tacks are shot, thin andseatered ray. Tradl pende pis car bene Sinar + Thisisdueta_ the very weak ionising effect of gamma rays im” “Hatin diebabhan Fan perio sarah sar ga yang agate, nat sano Sn the rer.) wm ryRadioactive decay Reputan radiosktit State whats meant by radioactive decay Nyalakanapakahmakeadreptan radio. Pyses Fam 5 Radiouctive decay isaprocess where an unstable nucleus becomes amore stable nucleusby emitting radiations puta radi adlah prone diana nuklesyang dak menjadi meus lebih tbl degan memancerkan radish Explain what is meant by spontaneous and random process in radioactive decay Teranghanapakah yan daub dengan prover sponte dan raw dalam reputanradioak Spontaneous /Sponten ‘Random /Rovak + The rate of decay cannot be inereased or reduced, Ieeannot be controlled, ‘Kadarpereputan ida bch taba ct dkaranghan, Tato boleh kal +The decay happens om its own, ‘Reputan berks dengan send. + Thedecayisnotaffectedby itschemical composition, Rept dala dak ipengora oleh kemposis Kinane + The decay is not affected by physical factors suchas temperature and pressure, ‘eputan adalah tid dpensurab oleh flso fio eal peru dan karan ‘+ Itis impossible to predict which atom will decay at any moment of time, Ta adalah musth untuk meramalkan ati yong akan ‘merpuipada ili masa + Each atom has the same probability of decaying a any momentof time. Setlap atom mempuryal Rebarangalion pereputan yang sama pada bila-ila masa {3 State the characteristics foreach ofthe types of radiation, Nyatakon cia ei jen sara ‘Characteristics “Alpha particles Bela particles Gamma rays Giri Zara aie Zarok ba Sinar gama Nature rel lection leciromagnetic wave Seoul ja Heluom Bleiron Gelonsbang lero Symbol He ora ore y Simbot esau aus (Charge Positive Negative ‘No charges cas Posi esa Tidak bras Stopped by A sheet of paper Atewmm ofaluminnum [A few em offead ernst oh Seheli eras Beterpe malin | Beberapa ca plumbum Deftected by electric and agneticfield Yes Yes No lDipesonekan ofeh medan| Xo ve Tidak eet den medanmcenet Tonising power High Medium Tow Kus pengionan Tine Sederana Renda Penetrating power Tow Meum igh vasa pevembuson Rendah Sederhana Tings Up to 10% of the speed of | Upt099% ofthe velocity of] Same with velocity of light Velocity light hight Sama dengan hala cay alu Sehingga 10% daripada | Sehinggo 99% darpads hala hetaaencohoes ahaa 4 Filiothe blanks to deseribe bout radiosetive decay. Jikan empatkovong untuk menerangkan ertangreputan radia (a) Theaucleushefore the decay scaled the P21 Use and the produetofthe decayisthe davehier nveide Niklas scelum era dena bags 12 utd dan hsreputaniala_ ri anak (nat sonirg Sn ons. (1670)Physes Form (©) ‘There are three typesof radioactive decay Tenlapatiga nis mptan radio Alphadecayisusally occurs tothe __esvier unviable nucleus epsaanalfaacinnyo eraachepada 0s bre yr Ho ail ‘When alpha decay occurs the radioactive parent nucleusToses © D110 and {wo neutrons _whichearty away energy “Apa reputn alfa bela, radioakf rubles induk ehangan 0 da us nero yangmana menganeltkeuartnaga ‘The PONTE! decreases bytwotobecome _(7~2) andthe _sslcon Alpha decay umber decreasesby fourtobecome_(A~ Repasan alfa Nombor proton berkurang sebanyak dua untuk mejadt_ (%—*) dan _nombor nulleon Fekngsbaatepaataena 5 Vines gy oven zai v2) Gri 238 Br< Proton Poor fe Roe Triy234 Tartan 24 ‘op en + Thedeayshowncanbe represented equation esonon canton th dit peramann ee he = ey Gn > Whentesdvayoccurya_O8T00_dxinepatcinio proton anda Aptana, 0 bec ape oar neko in—elp +86 + The_D0102 __gaprnthemuseushuthe s_igemitedathighsped Sissel dante inca padajuningst. ‘+ The proton numberbecomes (2 * ') andthe nucleon aumber_fe™#ins wachanged Beta decay | Nomborponalanmenie 2 dnnambor man is ah Ren ee Con 6 [Raton Ntopen hinge en om ‘The decay shown can be represented by the equation: epusanyangeiunjuban boleh dake persamean or CON ‘Gamma decay eputan gama ‘Gamma decay occurs when an unstable nucleus eleatesits energy inthe frm of high frequency sletomagnetcwaves galled —_EemIMG FYE Reptan game Fr apt amas ek it membebarkan oa dla bee _clonban Av! pepeen apiyngdealeape__—_rsams Thereisnochangeinthe PPA AUS! _gnd_nuceon ume , Tiadsperabahan dalam _rombor proton dan _rambor nukleon a eo ‘Thoriun-23@ —Thorium-2M Gamma rays ThoumeT4—Thrun-234—Shargane “The decay shown can be represented by the equation: pan yang ditunubtan boll dinakllolpenaean “th—» 8th nat sana Sn the (re) 173 ryPyses Fam 5 ‘The half. of radioactive decay ‘Separun nayatreputan radosktt an Tostimulate the radioactive decay of unstable atoms. “Mensmalaan rept reas oiatom atomyantdak a apart and Maer Power A Arrangeallthecoinsin be! ad'facing upwards, Sus semua sing dalam htak dengan Nepal menghadapKeatas 2. Close and hold the box. Tap darpeganhoal. 3. Tossthe coininthe boxby givinga quick jerk Lambueg ing dalam hota dengan memberkansatusentakan paras 4 Open the box and take out all the coin with ‘tail facing upwards. Calelate and record the ‘numberof coins remaining inthe box. uk Kotak dan kelurkan sem ying dengan ekor menghdap ke ata. Kira dan rekodha ang -silingyang nga di dalam ota 5 Repeat steps3 and until there are less than coinsleftin the box. lang longa dan ehingaerapat karen darpada Drying ng dla kak 6 Recordthe number of throws, rand the number of coins remaining, N. ekodlan bana lambungn, dan langansilingyang tiga, N 7 Plotthe graphot against. PlotgrfNmeawent Result eon ‘umber of coins remainin Number of throws er s |aangan ambungon, = Bitangon sing yang tng N o 0 350) 1 110 240 2 70 170 3 50 120 4 35 s 5 25 0 6 20 40 7 10 30 8 10 20 9 5 15 10 10 5 174 nat Sonirs Sn ons. 167)Physes Form Pattcnpn /———— 1. Plotagraph ofnumber ofeoins remaining against numberof throws. Plots blangan ying yang tinga melawan ilanga lambungen. 2 Basedonthe graph, erdasarkangra erst (@)_whatis the relationship between the numberof cons remaining and numberof throws? ‘pakah hubungon antarlangan.yiingyang nga dan tanga ambungan? [Number of coins remaining is decressing exponentially tothe numberof throws. “Banga ling yang nga Derkwang searaehaponen dengan ilanganlamburgan. (@)_ write oneinference about the half of radioactive decay fom the decay curve, ‘ulsaruinferens tentang separ haat bap sua eptan radio daripada lenghungperepuanit ‘The halle fora particular radioactive decay isconstant. ‘Scpanah hays bg uaureputan adioakf terion adalah malar ‘Basedon the experiment, what canyou deduce for erdasarkaneksperen i, apakoh yang boleh anda smpulkan untuk {@)_ thecoinvhich siowsa tail onitstop fae. suing mana menunjuthan ehr pada muka womans ‘Represents an atom that has disintegrated. ‘Mevak atom yang lah mere (&) Toremaining coins aking Considered a an tom that have not disintegrated. ianggap sega atom yang dak mere (©) thenumberofeoin with head onthe top face. lan sing dengan hppa ak tamanya Can be faken asthe activity of a radioactive sample. [oleh dmb cba ak sane radoakl ry nat sano Sa the (re76 9 175Pyses Fam 5 (4) cach throw of the coins, seep lambungan yi Represents one unit of time “Meal vara unit maa 4 From the result of the simulation, what inference can be made about the radioactive decay process? Daripada kepususan simulas itu, apakah inferens yang bolek dibuat tentang proses repuan radioakif? Radioactive decay is a random process All atoms have an equal chance of decaying at a ‘Particular me tisnot posible to predict which atom sgoingto decay. Reptan radioakif merapokan sara proses rawak Serva atom mempus kemunghinan yong sama ‘uke merep pda aia terri Lada mangle una meramaln lor yangakan ep ‘5 Whatismeantyhal-lfe basedonthissimulation? “Apathy dmaksudondengen separ haya berdasarkan sili? ‘The halflife isthe eto be fit umber ‘which isthe time taken for number of coins whieh shows ahead on the top fave to decrease From24010 12007601030. ‘Separah haya dala masa wnt bilan bak ling yang nga menjadi sepruh darpada Bangor ‘uly di mana masa yang diab untuk blangan sling yang menunguban Repel pada maka camanya berkurangdaripada Oke DDaiausOKe3O—SSSOSCS~S~C~s~CSsSCSCSCS (6 Whatisthe half-life or this simulation? Berapakah separubhayet bags ini? ‘The halflife ofthissampleisabout L.9 throws Sopra sampeliiadall kira 9a Radioactive decay’ random process, The numberof atoms that have not decayed is halved at ‘sul ine inervaltkownas teal ie. Avarenul easly ofradonctie sample deeses ‘exponential ‘eputn reiok merpakan saa proper, lang ato eon meres mend panda seaman yang sdk cag sepa haya. Keputusya ov supe! aot ekg secre aprenden masa ST ED Giventhe halflife ofXis8 days, What isthe percentage ofthe sample has decayed after 72.days? Diberikan separ hayatXialah Shar. Apakhperatuan sopelteraebutmerspat lpr T2hari? ‘Let the tail atoms = 100 Anggarkan atom permulaan = 10 Says Sdays Sdas— Sdays Bays Bdays— Bags das Sha Sha vy BHO ng SI 5g 8h ha roo S25 so 545 a5 SME ras SME a5 SME 3 95 SME seas SME o.rei2 M2 oon SM o.r953 TR ai = 9 8 dasha = 9 Ty ‘Number of atom decayed Bilarga atom yang merepur ‘Therefore, percentage of the sample decayed = 99.8 % Maks, peratu serps merput 16 nat Sonirs Sn ons. 167)Physes Form Hatt-tfe of radioactive sample Sepanihhayat samp! radosktt 1 Thehalblieofaradouctvemulideisthe Une es _forthemumberotundeayed nuceito be reducedto allot efi number Shnika banana yangham mere mea eek dep ls Diagram Taplanaton ah rae Diagram shows devey eae for the radloactve gas [The graph ofthe coun rate gant ine Known a tedaw2 fecaycuve jan menarion tng porn bag gus radia | oh meaning porn a arabian nla mate desea 08 pan Accordingtothe graph Rerlesarken kepada + TimeatcountrateofS00is__8/s Masapadabiangon SO0ialak 30s + Timeateountrate of250is__i4i's Masa peda bilangen250ilah, 1s + Timeatcountrateof125is_240s Masa pada biangan128ilah_ 20s Therefore hall-ife=__Si's Mata,scpanshayat = — Diagram showsthe curve for the two radioactive nuclides ajo memarikkan ehung hag dua mudradonkf +A radioactive nuclide with shorter half-life wit! icc a faster Vale ghan another that as a Jonger halite, Suara mud radioohif dengan suas separdh hays pendek tan eve pada swat kadar lebih SP daripada yng mem uanusepaahhayayang lebih panang 1, = Hallie ofP/Sepand haat? Ty= Hallie of /Seprttoyar TT. Therefore Qdecaysate_slowersste than Mata Omereputpada Kear lebih perlhan darpada 2 The following table shows the changes which happen during the decay of «radioactive sample, Fil in the blank to completethe below able, adual bert menanjanperbahan yan bra xmas perepansampelradioai, kan tempat kosong untuk mlengkapkan jadi dibonah en Veen rr anrracig ereNaavecsarere ce Se ams which have niet atoms whieh have not dsinteprated | "yemun nage anor om ang ah erp ‘om ang idk mre, Taerease Desrease Constant Beranbah wane ater Graton Sin ae rere) a ryPyses Fam 5 3 Complete the table below and draw the numberof atoms remaining and numberof atoms that have disintegrated. Lenghaphan jaduald baal da is aaa yang dan agar atom yang la mere farce [ts 0 i ar ww Number of atoms remaining 1 LF 20 2 errr 0 Loon ]ha}en +40 : amber oF atoms that have disintegrated ana atom yang lh mere n0-Len=10 | 20-40-15 f20-Len=ns Key Kune [Number of atoms remaining ‘Biangan atom yam a hhave disintegrated ‘Bilangan atom yang tah 4 iia the blank forthe uses of hal-ivesin our everyday li {ua tempatkasong wnt kegunaan separuh haya dalam kehidupan sharon kita ndusties| + Whenitbeingusedas racers, theradioisotopesused must havebalfifethatare__l0ns e00ush for specitie applications Apa adigunatan seal pengesanradiosotep ang digunakan mesilak mempuryalsepanhyaiyang_ i? a ntuple + Bompledeteingateksin nderroundpipescaingosyineting ssa inthe Conta mengesankebocoran pada pip bawah tanah yang membawa mina dengan monvunth radio e dalam aan + A__GoizeiMuller be _jgused.to detect the leakage from the surface above the pipe Ta COE WT digunakanuntkmengeson keocoran pada pemusaan tarp + However, thehalfife mustalsobe hor _sothattheyeandecay__S1_Jeavingharmless daughter nucle, Wileubageimanapur, separa heat juga mesic °° sypeyata boleh meeput 2 8, meninggaan muieuronakyang iat erbahaya + Anexample ofsuitabletraceris Solum _withahalf-ifeof 1Shours, Contohpergesanyangsesutiedaleh __rarium dengan sepandhhayt1Sjam, engeson ‘Medicine * The radioisotope used mast have a short halle Thisisto prevent C'S eEPORUTE tq radiation foran unnecessarily lng period of time, TO Redvisotop yang dgunakan meslsh mempuryat 02° huvotvane pendek Hal int adalah untuk mengelaktan rien erin apace sinaran unk tempoh masa yong ape lama, + Two examplasot radioisotope that are Being used in medicines are: Antara dua contokradiisotp yang diganoka dalam peruaton alah (@)_Tonwith halite of45 days usedin__testing ion in blood plasma Besidengarscpandbhayat Shari dgunahan dalam ih ln aah 0) ith halflife of 8 days used in thyroid tess and treatments on dengen separ haya hari digunakar dla jan roid clan ewatan “Archaclogy The most significant use of the knowledge of halflife in the field of archaelogy is 10 Jdeterminethe _ ie ot the arte | Pneoaan yan paling Besar dalam pengeahuan separ haya dalam bidang arkelo adalah wre menentukan ri == Aeoeg 178 nat Sonirs Sn ons. 167)Physes Form Uses of radioisotopes Poragunan radoiscop 1 Explainwhatismeantby radioisotopes. ‘Teranghan apabah yang dimaksudlan dengen radiisctp. [Radioisotopes are unstable itotopes which will decay and give out radioactive emissions, adoisorp adalah stop yang dak stabil yang akon merept dan mengeuarkan snaran radoaki 2. State the properties of radioisotopes which make them suitable to used in many applications. Nyatakon sftsifa aioisotop yang menadikannya sesuaidgunakan dalam pebaga apis (@)_Emitsradioactive radiation Memancarkn sinaran radio (©)_ Radioactive radiations can kil ells /Sinaran radia bleh membre (©)_Radioactve radiationshave diferent penetrating ability with materials of diferent hicknessand densities. ‘Sinara radios mempuayekrapeyan menembus yang bers dean bahen yang mempuanyekicalan dan Reumpatan yangberbea (@_ Radioactive radiations can cause coll mutation, | Snare radoaa ol mena matte (© _Radioactive radiations ean fonise moleeuTes [Saran radia ol mengionkan role ( _Tisactiviy deereases with time Anti errangdengon mae (@_Radiotsoiopeshave the same chemical properties asnon-radioastive nolopesofthesame clement aio mempana ia ietiayaama cper otpbakan edvak agian yang sa 3. Thefollowing table shows the halF-ife of four nuclides, Jaduat beri menanubn sctenga hyat beg empat raid aside x 1 w N wate a en ee ee (@)_ Based on the halflife ofthe nuclide above, which one of the nuclide is suitable to be used in manufacturing industries in oder to control the thickness ofthe pape, clothes and plastics, Berdasrhan sparuh haat mull dats, rd yong manakal adalah sua digunakan dala indus pembuatan bag ‘mengavalketealen eras pokaian dan plas Lit (©) Basedonyour answer in 3(a), what typeof particle which isemittedin the nuclear reaction? ‘erdaserka japan anda (3), apokok jes zarahyang akan dipancarkan dalam tindak alana rset? Beta radiation which is ra ion that have medium ionising effect and penetrating power, ‘Sinara eta aie snaran yang mempunyalkesan pengionan dan kusa penombvaan yang sederhana (©) Doctorhad suspected there i blockage in Encik Fazals Kidney. He advise Basedon the above table, ck Fazal to undergo stecning auc is being used to diagnosis Encik Fazal. Give one example forthe alle andexplain bow the radioactive ate being usedto detectthe bockagein te kidney. EXD Dokiormengesabuahpinsons Eni fas ah tumble memarakan Eni zal ne menilapemerkaon. erat jada aa, nua yng manaka dipinatan wk rmengean peat Encik Fal Beans conoh md itadaniernghan agimanaradoienel cna mong ba pga [Nuclde M- Ancxample of nclide Misiodine-131Asmallquantiyofiadine-31 with halite days isinjoctd into Encik Faizas bloodstream and later build up the kidney, The process of the iol ‘elector outside the body ary Nu M,Satu conch rad ala iin 131, Seat aiid 13 dengan separa ha har danke dala ara larwh Encik aia dan kemudianny mein sehinga di dla buch pinggong. Posed rebut kur dengan pergesan ara sear aan ah plang Ha ada ersurbat kadar Kran akan mening ry nat sano Sa the (re76 9 179Pyses Fam 5 Learning Objective: 5.4 Understanding micker every Nuclear Energy Tenaga Nukiear 1 Name twomuclearreactions. Then, compare and contrast for batho the nuclear reactions that you mentioned before Namatan ainda alasrublear Kemal, banding dan bez eda duatindak elas matearyonganda nyatekansebelum in Nuclear fission and auelear fusion, Pembelaian rakes dan pelakaran ree Similarities and comparison /Psaman dan perandingan. 1 Experience lossof mass Mengalam ellangan isin. 2 Releasealargeamount of energy. Membebaskan mah tnaga yang besa 3 Produce new nuclei Merghasiar rubleuyangbahan [Nuclear fission (Pombo muteus [Nuclear fusion /eaturenmablus 1 Nuclear fsion occurs wth the absorption of slow [1 Nucl Tusion is the combination of two light movingneutrons. ‘nuclei to form aheaviernucews Pembelahannuddus Dela dengan penverapan neuron | Pelalarun mules aah percantuman dua mubieus yng sygperlahan, ringansnatmembentuk stamens yng lebih berat ]2. eis a process involving the splitting of a heavy [2 Very high temperature and high pressure are nucleus into two nuclei of almost equal mass with | required the release of large amount of energy. Suhuyangsangartng dan tekanan yang ng diperahan. Merpatar snuprsesyangmelbathan prelahan males yg eat hepada dss ag jms hamptr sama ‘dengunmembebasan nda eaga yang ena 2. A deuterium nucleus of {H collides witha target nucleus, SLi and produce two alpha particles, Sau mutes deuterium 7b dengan ule tasaran 1 dan menghan sr lta cesta 8 je atte a ta How much energy willbe released from tis nuclear reaction in eV? [Li~ 6.015125 u,He ~ 4.002605 4,11 = 2.008032, = 3.00% 108, LeV = 1.80 10°7J, 1a = 1.65% 10" kg] Berapakah jum tenaga yang akan dibebasa dapada tind ls mea ii dalam eV? (Li = 6.01525 , He = 4.002608, 280R2a4.¢= 30% LeV = 160% IT, Y= 106% 1 kg) Mass defect /Cacat sim, m = [ (6015125 u + 2.008032)~2 x 4.002603 8] = (8023157 u-8.005206u ) =0.017%518 1a 1.66% 10 kg Mass dct Cacatisin, m = 0.017951 X 1.66 % 10° = 2979866 x "kg Energy released /Tenagayungdibeaskan, = mc = (2.979866 x 10°)(3.0> 10") = 2.6818798 x 10°F 1eV = 100% 10" 2.6818708 x 10" Energy released in eV Tenagayan dlibebaskan dalam eV, B= ~~ ~ 1.600310" = 1676Mev 180 nat Sonirs Sn ons. 167)Physes Form 1 Theenergy released from nuclear fission can beusedto Generation of electricity Porjanaan tenagaslokrik generate electricity “Tenaga yngcibebaskn dar pembelahan ale beh guna uae _=0 ea ler 2 The following diagram shows a nuclear power station Fill n the blanks forthe components of the nuclear power station and state their respective functions. ajo bert mena tesen aerate ik emptor ntl komponen seen kas er dan yet ergs masing-masing Concrete sie Ioron contol rs Graphite moderator Modemior aft y cold gas Hot gas “Turbines Pump lear reactor Generator ae Retr panae Pena Ge Component / Komponen Punetion (Fangs ‘Concrete shield Peis konkt The concrete shield preventsleakage of radiation from thereactorcore. pers konkrtmenshalangKebocoransnaranradioai daripada tera reakion J: Uranium fuel rod ‘od bahan ap uronium Releases heat energy through nuclear fission to heat up the gas that flows through the resctor cor, Membebaskontnaga haba melallpembelahon nukleus untuk memanaskan go yang mongairmelatiteasreakton Graphite moderator Madero efit’ The graphite moderator is used to slow down the neutrons so that they are easier tobe bombardedby uranium nucleus | Moderator graft dunakin untuk memperahantan neon supe lebih mudoh then eh nukes uranium. Boron control rods The boron control rods are used to absorb excess nevtrons and thus reduce the rate of ision reaction, od kalan boron od kamal boron dgunakan tu menverapeutonberlihan dan meurengkon adartndokblaspembelahan [The turbines are rotated by the slow of steam under high pressure. The Turbines rotatedturbines then turn the magnetinthe dynamo, Tain uri diputartan oleh alan sim cows tekenan ring Tirin yang Berpuar Jkemudiannsa memutrhan magretdidlamdinamo. K:Dymmo he ning of mage ty he bins generate ltt by tromagn Powe | sagneyangdiputr leh bin menianaclekritmelalandan leromagne. L: Condenser To cool down te hot gasby boiling the water into steam. Kondenser Mensjukhangaspanat dengan rereanakar sirname. nat sana Sn the (re) 181 ryPryses Fo 5 Leaming Objective: 55 eateng he importance of ropar management of adossve substancas -Kepertingan pengurusan Dahan radios yang betul ‘The importance of proper management of radioactive substance The management of radioactive wastes is extremely important so that human beings are not directly exposed to the ‘harmful radiations, The management of radioactive wastes isbased on the level which the wastes belongo, State the level ‘ofradioactive waste andfilin the blank forts explanation. Penpunson sia radia adalah amat peng sypaya manasa tidak tededah secara lings dengan snaran berbaye,Pegunan ssa radiak adalah berdasarkan aru mana vate Nata ars rab dana pat Bong nuk peerangaya Tevel of raion a Way of poral ras eats ee reocoFaaiecte wee sid ae ae rd a Ts pte tent | radlonctnewane. | « Gesented pea hospitals San peal dpa do Suerte edty—awolasthe sur fuel gel ‘ghia ae om ‘Hasildaripada 0a! ‘makmal dan industri divanam ke dalam tanah emaubia aan api Kar raklear Intermediate level radioactive waste, ‘Comprises 7% of the volume and has 4% ofthe radioactivity of allradioactivewast Tends daripada 7% davipada isi padu dan mempuryai 4% eraoakfn darisemua sa radiatil. Contains higher amounts of radioactivity ad long halite Mergandungs Eradioohifn yar te dan jangha haya pariong Revlioactve wastes replaced in conerote blocks andthe buried underground Sie oi ieaon dalam lk kort dan ina Si radoatavors | « Comprise seins, chemical Suge , eat componesis =: shane ri —Stemical sludge reactor components |e dat tna and contaminated materia from actor Tdidarpede rin, crane, Kmponen maior dag ‘ah emir da lor Conprises3% ofthe volume ofallth dioacve waste But | Visiod by incorporating holds9S of heradoactiy into borosilicate las which Hiybteret Te depede 3 pad am ada tapi mempuya radioactive waste. | 258keradoataan ‘Siva radioakaif aras Contains _high radioactivity level _with__long half-life Sivel canisters for eventual tes Mengndig| sashes ong degen HT | disposal deep underground ov apna Daten enon core Mainly used fuels op wast liquid from fuel reprocessing. Teri darned _TaTai TEAR ays da bahan pi prosessemala he do hace or soe ana aa daa os il ana edt ch Describe ay precaution that should be taken when handling radioactive subatance rst engl longa ertomatan anges amt epaemenendaen behalf 1 Radioavivematoril shouldbe keptinunbreakabe container of ead bone. alan radon dpa dl ckasyang ida pecoh atau eta pba I Bowsscontaning radiate tans manele “Kaakyangmeninpan baka radoatalfnesi abel ‘37 Glovesand forceps must be used to avoid direct contact with substance, “Sarum tangan dan opment engl han es deg aa JRun badga shouldbe wont to mantoreaponaetaaton “Lencana sinaron mest dipakai untuk mengawasipendedahan kepada sinaran 55 All working surfices and storage areas should be covered with absorbent material to prevent radioactive contamination “Sera permukaan ek dan tempa penvonpanan mest diy dengan bahan porerap untuk mengelakhan pencenaran radia 102 (nat sonirg Sn ons. (1670)Physes Form Paper t/Keras1 Instruction: Each question ifllowed by four options, A,B, Cand D. Answer ll questions Aran: Sciapsoalan di lehempapithanjawnpan, AB, CdD, Jawad semua salen 1 Which statements correst about thenuleusofanston? Femetcon mancteh yang bea! rete att? 1 Nas th ps prof an iin ah ohn ogg riod an (@Nvctus consis of proton and ‘neatton i daria proton dan Nucleus consis of proton and pines) Nk drip proton dan eter D Nicieus is surrounded by protons te dieting pon re 2:Diagram 1 shows» nuclide tolation of radioeive clement Thorium 24 fej 1 mean smb a ‘tans or 2 co Th Diagram 1 aja [Number of neutron in the element Flongonneizndlem serie rey @us © 234 bi em 3 Diagam 2 shows & mode of hydrogen atom, 1H, Pe pentane! am idrogen, {HL Kos otis |b Protiume Atom Diagram 2 jak 2 nat sano Sa the (re76 9 ‘Which diagram shows the model {or iotope of hydrogen, tritium atoen, 1? Rajah manakoh yang menunjudkan ‘model bagi iuotop hidrogen, atom rian? oe 4 Which ratoacine deter dove tetsu te detet gama? ‘ie pg ae maa og diese tment A Geiger Maer tae ‘aber statr B Cloudshumber Kebutonon ©Spurkeouter Podge Photographic Flonfaogeh on 5 The following equation represenis apace. rman ramen ¢ X—+Y+!He Which of the followings coret aboutelement Y? “Antara yang bet, yang manakah Del mengenatunsir®. Nacion | Proton umber | _ number Sonor mate] Nombor eon a cweaseby2 [Increase ty | erambah > | Renan No change ‘No change ©) raat eras | Tilak ber ¢ | fosesse ty? | crease by? erambah? | Beromboh | Peseta] Deseasty2 erarong | Berane? =o 6 2566 of Gallium-s5 atoms have decayed after30 minutes. ‘Whatisthe halite of Gallium-85? 285 darpada Galium-5 telah meeput selepas 30min Apa separ haya bg! Gan. 65? ‘A TSiminutes 73min B 1Sminutes| Smit © 30minutes Simin ‘s0minates mine ee 17 The activity of sample Z: becomes 125% ofits orginal value after 180 Akt sompel Z mena arpa ea selpas 10 mt Tyo Te Ty 100% “Bs0%% —¥ asee “Pisce What sits haltite? Barapa separ hana? ‘A 30minutes omit B 40minutes D 120minutes 12h mini ry 183{8 Table 1 shows the information of radioactive sample, ,UandV. Jadual 1 merunjubkan maklumat hag SsampelradioakS, 7, Udan HRadioactive| arene | Radiation sample | SNn, | emission Sampet | Sper | ancaran redioatn radia ss _ [3aseconds) yy sosaat | Sinary T2days_ | B-partile T rahars | Zarah 8 Shours | # particle v Siam | Zora 8 vy [4Sminutes] y-ray Smit | Sinar-y “Table | Jadua! 1 Which sample is most suitable to detect leakage in underground pipes? Sampel manakah yang paling seat tntuk mengesan Keoconon dale pap sir banah nah? As BT ©u Dv a 9 Which radioisotope is most suitable to be used as a tracer in the humanbody? Ratlvisotop manakah yong. paling sesuai untuk digunakon sebegat ersurddlam badanmanusia? Radioisotope | Halfife Radioistop | Separahhayat A 7 ca 3 months eB] OK 3 bulan T2hours ©; & jam 35 seconds pb) oM 3Ssaet Eo 184 10 Radium-226 decays by emitting e-particle Rau 26 mange do aaah Beans 3 momanean a+? en He + Enery $e + top Mass of Radivm-226 nucleus = 226,02536 ‘im nukes Radia 225 = 22025360 Mass of Radon-222 nucleus = 222.01753 ei rakes Radon 222 = 222007530 Mass of alpha particle = 4.00260, ‘sim aah aie = 4.00260 ‘Whatisthe made Apa cactio? ite A 130% 107g @ east © S78 ioe Dis 10 ke ect? 655% 10g 11 The following equation shows a cay process of raium-226, The mass defectis 0.00523 ‘eputanbagraduam-2 rayubean proves Cacat sila 0523. 25p, 4222 es so BF 4 nie What isthe energy released? Berapakah enagayang dbebaskan? fw 10'ms") 781% 10° B 278x101 amixin"s D 2.60% 10" J 12, When a sample decays, th 28x 10" Whatisthe mass df 156% 10" ke 300 x ose of ‘Barium-l4) energy released is Apabila sa% sampel Barivm-I4t meeps inept ne Sotto ewpaah cain? (ois 10" B 275% 10" ke © 38410" kg D 124310" ke dibbastan ila Pyses Fam 5 13 Nuclearfusionis ‘Pelalaranntearadalah ‘Ava loss of energy in nuclear Aechilangan tenaga dalam sndok balarrear Bea loss of mass in nuclear engi dl ido alas ruler © ‘he iting of heavy maces imotwoigr mck emit stn mbes Bert (epee Dike combining of two Heder err da alien Cromer seae eh ve en 14 Lead and concrete are suitable to be used at a container of Plum dor kok ala sea dima sb ek rao ewe (Ware abe to withstand radiacon stradionctive Spaimena narra B srccanlyavaabie mud dope © hhavclonghall-ite romps sctexgahyet one mane D hhavehightetkingpoint meripuraitaatleuryang ings ‘one 15 Which is correct about the category fradioactve waste? Manakah yang bra mengenatkategor sisaradioaaf? = iS ied Tosi Olen | rae oe EEE Saar DY acta | anus | Mae (nat sonirg Sn ons. (1670)Physes Form Paper2/Keres2 Section A/BahagianA Instruction : Answerall questions ‘Archen——: Seva emma soolin 1 Diagram 1.1 shows the nuclide notation of an element aja 1.1 memanubdan sol maid wok sata nue oso EI ‘Nucleon number ‘Nomber mukeon Symbol of element| ‘Sib nsw Proton number Nomba prot Diagram 1.1 Rh 1 Tile 1 showsequations ofthe decay process of radioisotope thorium and polonium, Tada. menunjtkanpersamaan untuk prerperepatan adioisctop thor dan polonium, Radoiotope Madnaop | Easton of decay process ‘Parsanaan proses prpton Thorium, Th BO, 2m A Thera otha Poonam, Po 2a, 2p, 4 Ronin oP Pe + Sate Table 11 Jada 1.1 (a) Name the decay that occurs in both radioisotope. Nemaan pun yang beak pada Reda dua radio. [1 mark /1 marta (©) By using both equation in Table 1.1, caleulate the difference of proton number between: Dengon menggunakan keduasua prsaman dalam Jada, hang perbesaannombor proton ants Thorium, Th and Radium, Ra, Dror, Th dan Redon, Ra [1 mark /1 mark (i) Polonium and Lead, Polonia, Bo dan Planum, Po (1 mark / marta] (©) By sing both equations in Table 1.1, calculate the difference of nucleon number between: Dengan mengpnokan kee da prsamaan dela Jada, hug perbeznan nombornatlon antare: (Thorium, Th and Radium, Ra, ‘Thorium, Th dan Radium, Ra [1 mark /1 marta (ii) Pofonium and Lead, Peloizn, Po dan Pant, PO [1 mark /1 marta (@)_ Based on the answers in 1(6) and 1(€), complete the sentence below. Berdasrkanjawapan anda de) dan (0 Fnghaphan aya di baw When decay occurs, the proton number decreases by the nucleon number decreases by ; Apart, ombor pron besarungsebargak romturatenbeacuns seta Ls [1 mark /1 marta] nat sano Sa the (re76 9 185Pyses Fam 5 (©). Diagram 1.2shows aradioisotope which emitsalpha particle, Rajat 2memunilkanatrdiisotopyang mengelurkanzrahalla [mark mark] Racioisotope Radisey + — Metal plate chr sou Path of alpha partie natn sarah al Diagram 1.2/ Raja 1.2 Complete he path ofthe alpha particle in Diagram 1.2when enters the region between the two metal plat, enghaptan lintasanzarah ala dalam Rajah | 2apabiamemasisikawasanonaraduaplatlgom. [Lmark/ Lmarkah] i) Give one reason for your answer in 1(6(i) ir sata sebab ba jamapan anda (0) [1 mark /1 manta Section B / Bahaian 8 2 Diagram 2.1 and Diagram2.2show the rte of decay of radioactive Iodine-I31 and Technetium-99 respectively. ajah?1 dan Rajah 22 mas masing menu kadar repute adioakif odio 31 dan Techaetun-8, Actisiy (count por mite) Aus aga permit) Activity count permits) ‘Atv lngan per in) 200 1 0. 1 00 so en re rr Bae) Diagram 21 /Rajh21 Mave it) Diagram 22 aj 22 Mas it) (a) () Whatismeantby radioactive decay? Apakalyangdimalsulkan dengan reputn radoaka? [mark mara] (Gi) Basedon Diagram 2.1 and Diagram 2.2, compare the time taken forthe activity become half of the original activity the way the activity changeswith time and the shape ofthe graphs. Name the time forthe activity to ‘become half the original activity. Berdasrkan Rajah 1 dan Rajah 2.2, bandingkan masayang dambil unk menad separ daripada aka, cara ‘kt’ mend separuhdarpadaaktit asl dan Benak graf tenebu, Namakan masa bag aki mend separ derpada atv aa [Smacks / Santa] 188 (nat sonirg Sn ons. (1670)Physes Form (©) Whyisanisotope thatemitsalpha particle are not suitable tobe wsedasatracerin medicine? erga isto yang memancarkan sarah lia adalah ida seal untkdgnakan sebag pour dalam idan perbatan? [4 marks /4 markoh] (©) Radiotheraphy is wsed inthe treatment of cancer, The radioactive ray that i used can cause side effects to the patients [Byusing the knowledge about radioactivity, explain the steps taken to reduce the sie effects. Inyour explanation, emphasize the followingaspects of adit diganakan un mera kanser Sinaran radia yang dgunakan boleh menghasihankesan sompingan kepada peso Dengon mengrunckon pengctuen tentang rdioakif teragkan lngkah-langkth yang pers diambil untuk mengwangkan ‘esan sampingn tersebut Dalam penerangan anda, karan kepada aspekaspek ber ()Theypeofray used. Jeissinaranyangdgunakan. (i) "The dosage ofthe ray required. orsinaran yang diertihan. (ii) Thetimeattherayexposure Masa pendedahen kepada nar (is) How theradioactive radiation stargetedon the cancer cells Bogaimane pancaranradioatfdssarkan ke atasselkanser [10 marks 10 marta) Section C /Hahagian © 3 (@)_Diagram3.1 shows wo ype of tracks formed in a cloud chamber. The tracks ae formed due tothe radiation from ee esnvaniey em en nti un Palen nes ° Z ) ofS ) ASS ROY ‘ > Diagram 3. Rajah 34 (@)__ Statewhatismeantby radioisotope. Nyatokar opatah matudradiistop. [mark mark (i) _ Name the radiation thateauses the tracksin cloud chamber Candeloud chamber D. [Namakan sinaronvangmenycaban ran runutdalam kebukawan dankebukawarD. — [2matks/2markak] (Gi) Explain theanswerin 2a). dasa jomapan dalam 23) [2matks/2marta] (©) Radioisotope is used asa tracer to determine the rate of absorption of fertilisers by plants. You are required to investigate the characteristics of radioisotope as shown in Table 3.1. Radiitepdigurakan sebagai penuh untuk menentukan kadar perserapan baa oh wmduhon Anda ditched nth ‘menyasatcircrradiootopsepertdtnjtkan dalam Jada’ nat sano Sa the (re76 9 187 ryPyses Fam 8 © 108 Halt.ife of Radioisotope State of matter radioisotope ‘Type of ray ‘Type of detector Radivisetop ‘Keadaan jim Setengoh-hayat Jenissnaran enispengesan ‘radioisotop K Liquid 2 years Beta Spark counter Cecair tahun Beta Pembilang bunge api Solid 5 minutes Gamma Spark counter L Pepeial S mini Gama Pembilans bung api M Solid aby. Gamma G-Mtube Pepejal 20 tahun Gama Tub GM N Liquid 14 days Beta GM tube Cecair Shari Beta Tiub G-M Table 3.1 Jadual 3.1 Explain the suitability of each characteristic of the radioisotope tobe used asa tracer ‘Determine the most suitable radioisotope that canbe usedto detect the rae of absorption of fertlisersby plans Give reasons for your choice, Terighan essen stip calcio untuk digas schegs expr Tentkan radiowsonp yang paling seal ang boleh digunakan wr mongesan kadar prseapan ja oleh tumbulan ier sab sebab untuk plan anda [10 marks /10 marks] Aaucleareaetionisrepresentedby the follawing equation: Satuindakblasrutiear vail oleh persamaan bert 235, yt lla 42k + an + Ener ol +4) soa taht + 39 + Bneray na + Pie + 3ln-+ Tenage Masso Sim bg 28 - aso Mg = 14ostetu ee erste 1s67u ‘ ee emuandctet wa (2s /2mat (i) eeneyrclewed ‘mga diesan [Suh (nat sonirg Sn ons. (1670)