ONNTAS HIGH PolyMERS Trbroluckion, The tena whner is deived imtoo Grek wos Ply — Trang and mews- url or Puls, meaning wany Ral. A Rm may be defined as tha a large molecule “Formed bythe vereated Combination eb Small and simple chemical Gries which one | Fron as menemess. Pymes have vew high widens vegit Yogg -From tr SS 5000 te 2e0000. Propylene Pay popylene Polymerisclions the Rhyncrisclion can be achieved by tao Rtion Plymerisakion 22 Condensation Polymevisitie 2 Om Palymevicalin | (a) Adieion or chotn Polyrevisction: Addition Plymerisakion | swwdlver the sel® adttition cb n-ursabzvetted Weleeleg to fom a Jorge mneletule. without ebitmation dr ony byPeduct by raped hatin veackion: “The Leight c& Pebymar is sum eb He monemay ©Prepylene Poly Pepilene (8) Co plymavisckion: copdyneriscbion is He addition pelea |e Pabywavigotion te which o lage rbleee is formed by the Neteaked Gambivaktion c& -teeo or mere fepes cb rmoncmers. High molelar wopgt Gruftunds obtained by Copolymerization axe called — Copolymers ee cnreeny, b carers cere Cy f= ney=ch-cH=cty an > Buladiene kn : Pel butadiene G-stene or GR-s- wubbey - 2+ Grdensobion or step growth Poywarisatt Ply aendersakion Xe rougt about by moneeneis Gactoining eo o7 moe Yeatkive Ruwkional groups (suk as hyhonf, Carboy ond amine) Condensig with each thin « “The Gnrdentalion Palme SelonProceeds by a stepwise inticmncleulen Condensation chr monomer & Plythoin with Wa ebmivabion ob by Peduibr fle enter, aleh Grmmonia. AE, The elect weight eb Rlymer is not idantfonl wit Het de monomers Exits Nylon 66 7 Mose — (8) — Coot + nN —Ea)= NHL Adivic acd Hexametiylene diomine stepeiee Intirwmcdeciier Condensation 9 ° _ Feat —- ),— Ne | + Gm)ye nylon 66 " Ex 2. Phyesey ov Decwy Tevepittaic acd Ho | | ) ~-b eo ~e —e—e0 —c0. eo th eiNG poet ”stereo specific Pywes: (Tackicly) “The ementation cb meremeric. unity on fvediond grup in « Pymer meeule Gin toke pate nan odely or diserled Manner wits vesfect te te mainthodn ts kwon 03 Taubicihi “Tactic ke do aff the Tyseal Pepeitics ob te palymor This Orienteion vesulli in thee apy a oteven - regulon Pebjmers oO) Pactackic plymer? TE tte Panckionl grups ove arvangéd on the some stde dy tha mein chatn, The Polymer is Galle! Testelie Pliers 4 _t _ “he k maf Fabetic: Whyhyre b) syndictactic polyno s Fete Lavetional Grouts ate. ananged in om attenuating Bshion, the Palyme is call Syndiotackic Bhar Array Syrdiotackic: PA yPropy lew — © Abactic plymar: TP the Femetional groups ave arranged Varden}, the Polymer is called ‘Alactic. Rolyner ” Pee SesAddition Polymevisakion \ymevisetion can be Carried allow ae pile aut by the fellooing 1) Free radieal muchonism i) Tonfe mechonton iit) cooydinakion mechanism D Fee radical medoniom: Fe one A Pllymatation jn which “the reackive contre do pulymer chat consil dy Pree redteall. The Palymertsadion veackion 's inttiated by initiotors which undergo homdytic fision in Presence de Light agitation and heat The Pree radical pulymertsation metantsm can he dvided Foto “three shag fnekiation, Propagption . and ternfnaction 6) Tribiation * Inikiaters ave unstable Gmpurds and unte go hordytre. Fieven fo Proce Pree todteals easthr which react with A € monomer free. radical. lechons & He monomer ‘To Prckce ee ete oe (onitiote) Frecradieal To+cH=c 9 Toon 4 fue rocked u i ee Monomet Free radical Berzeyl perexide, hydreer Perortde ane geod inibialers for free vodteal chain Polymertsaction. h . a Ce HyCoo —0OCH.Ce 2S ae cticod —> Ea, + co, Ho, Sg 6) Propagation : the movemer flee vadicall Yeade with o amber monomers rapidly vesulkteg the chain grcth with fea radial ste att’ the end ch the charm Preducing e Living Polyner. Toe en + cag —> T-ay- cH oad x x kL i growirg chain Tren ate a + cnet * x oe J Toe, - a feet én x x Living. Polymer By adding fresh monomers to the Livieg Polymer with Free tadtal sfte, again ond agin chain growth PrPagaley Heme th ts roan as Liviag Polymer ©) Termination > Termination (to step chat growth) & te peeing Puller chain is canied by Caupling! and * digpropoitionation’ resulting tr the Permasin b dead Poh Ta Couphing the Gllision ad foo growing chains causes ‘the union & the hoo chatat at theiy free radial) afte Produeing 0 dead Polymer“Ep Toomer bayer fon fr + noon fi nt \ 2, “1 x T- ay a agree ayn gt " _ ie as * x x x 2 Dead Parymey Th termination by dispropstionstion, tt From Ne graving Chath is abstracted by the ether growing chain, utilistng The lone electyen far getting stabilised chile He chatn cohih hag donated the # gels a deuble bend = one gfe at ‘ePr lf aol ftaeea x x | a x Tener fase fal cu “f + rn cn t adie Dead prlymey. ie addiki Tr cationic addition Polymerization “the chat Cavvies are. Positively chayged Guberium ions. “this Tape de Pulymer*aation is catalysed by Friedel exafly reagerls Like Ale Tich, BF, snely oe other srvog bewis acids. Tt inves Hee step: D ion step: + 7 a ess —(6F-0H) k x Moremer datborisrion a7 = — cy — cen (BRON cate (ero) renag— sf oy ‘) x nee gt x“ 2 — 24 (eRe spr erp ‘) d Ad, Wit) Termination step? Termination dr cotionie chat Pbyretiatin 1s doneby Calieg whe TR x tor ion the Courtty tor teomtoat sthe Polymerisalion DA a eng fe eat cu en(onent) hw 1 it +\(eRo%) ch ch anet eyaey + Ht (BRK sptrrne x Th anionic addition i ‘ vag aye: nepttedly charged crsbanisf? Prlymesigattion ‘the chain Carries av gi oe a Tr anionic addition eabenertpatin BP - " ni avd Grignard TAS ents « ase, alkalt metal aides, ana res jena (D Tritiation steps Covbanien ts Torme res D Anionic addition Pelymeri gat reonemer” ith altel? : Ren eee pur + Sen —e HAN A ew Caxbanion ®G3) pronation step: Carbanien is Porgnted by HR addrtion ch wnencmey?e wnclecules “te te Carbanion cohich 1s formed in the fist step. HN a aneyacr wforyt ou cn aad én J, oN ii) Terminati addition cd ammania te the Com sthe Secorch step Leith the Theation anion. wfacppee ; uy qn 2 CN sa yj, Ziegler — Natta catalysis or Co-ordination Polymerigabion: stip, Reoukion is termtnaked by the (ban ion, eahidh is formed in Ziegler (1455) and Naitta (95s) discovered thet in the Presence ob & Combination ca Harsition metal halide (ike Tich, or Tick nor, Tiel, halides & V,7y cy My and W) with on _ Compounds (ke triethy! aluminium, trimethy) alueninium) Stereo cpecific. Pymesigation is Carried out «Ho “this poymerigatic, Biegler — Nitta catalyst 1s used 20, cthis is kroun os geil Natta catalysis ov also called as co-axdinetion Felymerigation: a cha 4 ea X / ‘5 \ pe re a7 Th Ak a” Ny Nowy a Ni Naw @“Fnikickion : cate eneet > at opal Complen catalyst: e Repapkion « cat — eH GHB eet & b { cot - cot Facey oes “Termination with active hydagie Combed,» cat — cH, eh a mt kJ. cay Hee Et e ee 2eiqer -natls catelys or polymeisabion i we fe Pa Prepaation & Poly Propylene falpethfent, Plydiene FePhysical Rorstio A” Plymas :t— : |? Amoitho Sa ) cys ollentty? the degvea cb evystablantty ob o pibymey depts on WT struatiie and GnPiguration. when linear pelymer chong teithout bvonching, and aavying re bulley geupe, an ordedy arrarged Povalteh and cle to cack stay, the plymer chain of held Aegether by setondony forces suchas Vonder aals Rees, hydvegen bonding, Polar intimation ete: suchtige de close pradking impale high degree 4 enptatbimaly exhibit high tesla shength, impact resictance, high densly and sha? and igh melting Potead a Such as He dense palyethylme; stereo yegulenn Wsetackie and syndictactic. isomers cb polyPapylina, Pre ave crystalline Atactic. fre, polphoene, uaa “econ nly Pendent groups awenged Yardonly om the Puymer backbone ove Orrerpheus, Low Aensiky polyethylene which as extensive branching 'S $0 amorphous. “the vandomly awanged bilky groups and branches on falymer mebrix, Prevent cloce packing cb chains, vesulting Ta amorghous Yeglons. Tibiy chain Forces ave weak to there Prymus. i) chemical Resisting? “The clamical yevietone de a Pdxwor defers on He Gmpution and studive d the Polymer ond also om tet wdtive tia attorkivg veagete. the non-polar Polymers 38 calvedtt Wer benzene, ane qenwally suxbl oy diese im non -Fehe! cybebecans, gost ete. he play Myers ave ottaccel by FE polar advedt . stovh, Pohyviny! alah, Pohvingl autate, ete | seludein Plo solvents. Mecbanten) Port —_ i Vwororton ile shuegth Sita tentle stergih fe oe vel Fea eommenial Polymers “This Perey Gectly AM : pot this Rotel Propaties dr useful Commerc On tr wnolecalac unight di He wilt wdleudar aeightt ob Hee polyrav 8 Ax Tensile shegth, > viseosiky phymed The velationshi aon in te graph ig O)The Bllasing chsenettions ave mode fom thre resulks (Mechanical Poferties, tensile sheagth, and ‘mpck resistance Wmeeane tite molecular weight (Dp) upt> 2eco OP and there after He Iriveose in neghghe. The usehal ange 1S. Dee - ap20 OP. Brey Phwer bas oC Theshuld rll usigét OPP =32) vale Freloc eohich it decsnet Possess useful stvength- % High mmolealar ueyat Polymas ave tug, hod and di fBeule to Process. AY high mmoleuday weight, the met viscashy ob the Phymer Sweveares steeply. A Commercial) uel Robyn shuld howe bo melt voce Rr cond Prceting- 3) Plastic Defevieakion: seme palyeees, onthe apelitaion of hed and Presse, inbitially bees aff, fle, way matter ard undeygo defamation «Om Rocher handing bere, To ™ rat ond lad such a Propey oth plymer & oaled Plartily. om cealing, “they refann cto tas ova) state This Fary & Plostic cleBamation is used In toulding oPevakions Thermo plosticg enbit this Refedy, eno Peskes ae Tintay, shen ‘guy Palle, The hymen chelng are clady Packed and bald by Secondary Reeves seach as Vander unale Res, hydwogin bonding and diphy interaction such Pelyiwos chen heated, the chains acpeeve qubhicedt energy and ercme. thate inter chetn athactive fortes: They atten molealar mobilthy and Phos Uthe viscous Lied Thenwo gebting YeRing cbnat eehibt plebick “This can be Splained on the nahine eb indy shushwes Piveny Coole beet Ove nit easly baken by heat on shag heating pehonring cctuns Tabead ce deRumabiom lewkve “Hemo settings chret undergo revere ble plastic. defbemation «Wo) Ebsticth: Elastic. chowntiy ch a pelymer is te meen of te abililg to vecevey tht cviginal shape ofter a deformuk Sem is veleoged- The elaslomes axe chovecterised by IKE High depres & chskicky. “the clastic deformation im edawers avites fiom te typlal coiled and entangled stuctre ob the Plyney chats, Sn the wormed Uncteched stor , the Polymer Chaing ove in a vandem arrangements when stvetked othe wiled chains begintte ditectocgle and Streiguen out. Ac avecutt, a better evientakion eb tht chats takes plae resulting tm crystallisation, wdhch ta tan intveoeey Fhe Fone dy attyaction betwen diffrent chafap, there by uring StiFFening de tHe watirial. udhen the stvain is wwleased, the shecbed chains Yetsin to “their criginal ceiled ond entangled ploskicans a ertlles | A Mod 5: clovnt 6 stabiligns ad 7. Artovidedte. | D8 | Vesna. “They ore Pelythene, Polyhepyew, Prhyvingl chlortde, Pyamides, Pabyphoels, Poyuvethanss, PrlyCorborely celulore derivatives TThese ove —thenveplask isa of theaesetl tay pasbic a .:—s——C SC|:C«sésza;srzws:w'z Sloth: Further they impoe Po ond ocesabiliky cb the plsticy ord relus the byittlmes & the Prdluctis Thee plsticans Rees high allng PoulG Ex. vegetatls cils, Camphor, Estivs dk oleic ov Phitalic ach ond tvicieny Psat, ichabuty! phosphate, driphen Pla (3) Files: Ther re alld 42 get Pal plabic better howdet, benile- Sheath, opal, Pivish and uamkabihly, th vedeas Gat shinkage ond brittleness. 16 : 1) Echahordnes is Pelad by Cabivindu, quasty and wien, i) Resistemee Oo Y-very Fenetvation is athetved by baviuon Salts” andHeat” Yepsloma 1s cbtcned by asbestos - Vad emery used le | ae sand, quarts, tale, adestes chalk, Nimestone, alning m — | ime onde, ued Flue, Gubon back, cotlntibns, Pulp ond meladh mks te cridep, D Lebteanles “hese ove ge +» get ged Finishing these ove alee | to wot dé the Planers to imPme ka within Prete sing machinersey Ord te yedane Prielions Ee~ vows, oils, Steavales, olecdes ard! Sonps |P) Glouoants “Te matrile Poste athoctne lobus to pesky pan CMpinic dye-stuPPs and inoignic sally Provides “there devovadive 1 Ghours Be: Black- aver blik , cchtle—2incoxite ov heim Conanade Red ~ Ferric oride , Geen chioniumn oxide, ciimson rel- Antininy Sulehie 4 6) Stalalians The Rare dé alg sablipas iso infre tis “temeal Stebel chong Peceerig. Ei! Alta carte ofS, organo mele aall5, Gyeny Gorfpounds, Amines ett AD Antiontdade? plymes axe Potected ogpinst: a tein foxidanly. “There OP rove By incorpraking Certain ComPeawdls called antfoxidenls ~T aa ontdabion and suppress veachiong Promcted efther by axygin 7 ne, DSphongl P- Plenylene Ext pi tebutyl p-cresd, phenyl B- naphthyfamtne, phe yf P Phenyl Fabri c pbs sThis is abso called as moulding che ashi ve ve Plshiag tuto arbres, To give suttable ships te Alstiy, several methods dr fabrication ave used. “The imfertest Fabriaction metals ave. 2) GomPwaton mouldieg 3 “This metted 1s cbied beth For “thermo wtoskig Pthewmasctting posted The vo materials ore taken i @ cot € hettom moulding Rat and is clsed under Premuives “the wou! s. Subjected ty cimubtoneaug heating and cedingr Thcose ch Herme SHH Yering caving is dons by heating onl in cose ob erwerlaig | Gang Is deve be} conting: “The meuld ig costed ond avtick is elected, Ta medern times, the while Peters is dow audwatieally. [5Anveneiior = = eater agargd ~ passe TN vanttn “This 1s woinly apdicaiie to themoplastic. vesinas Tathis heat Safkens tte Plaskic Pausker ond the hot softened pleatic is foued w WER Testuve tho the mould by © ScreuD conveyer: cealiug Caney TE @ he avfite is ejeched )Tensfer Moulding: This is Used Rey “thesmasettieg texing. Th this He muldig GuPrtion Sbiectal 4 heat ond Pretgures After curing it Cabs ctaluen cub| 'Y Sxtruton Moulding: This similar te injection moulding | Orel He 1s oppbicatie to “thecmeplostics only. “The matirial ts Freed by & scree Conveyey inte a heated chamber, where Tt SPH and is Poned out Aeragh a die. Blusing or Praying ob cuckiy cools He ‘shed Product Gntieg cud- from THe die Exburion mauling i Wed for making continuous shapey Urlee veds, tubes, cabley sheet ele Pastadlag Reduction. Ta this moulding mixtive is heated to Me eee ke ee lan ee Tetsble, which is Thin ford by a blow against Pa calls oF He Would, tahue fx ovtiue 0 formed is Cealed end Finally removed co vrathinag ove availeic tir Blowr } | 5) Blowing ¢ Blain techrigue is Uved far fost ond cheap | From ity Gonghetely automat rreuldieg @(PE): This Wyner is chtsined fron ethylene. “there “Rie “too Kd fo yeti ’) Lew densky Phetiylee (Lope) ond 8 Wigders hy BA, Stolen Lore Rrepuation a LOPE: Bt is obtained by RY Rolymevigation cb etfylene— “aes Using onegen as the Hribtator oth the Ressure 1500 abesthave ot the tempoaline Yorge Iep-2sce ry Bhesiode (en cH.) —— hen, Pooferbics: 1) The matting Rick is Ho-1as% ard 40% cryetalline Gi) the derstly is 0.9) 0.92 aml. tii) Tt is tradable th ony vent at toom -tenporatine Deeks Te ks used “ev Fins, table clita, Racking makinnl squeape betes Piper ete The HOPE is Preducid by coneetination Pelymey— on ethylene using 2ebgey- Nata aatalysl relatively urd fod Presnye CALP,~ Ades) - negeen SA [eg enc Pei: “The melting Rint is oF tau-tsce ihe Omcky is oes Goel At Crsbllbion ond Wi) FY is Alonivally more Yevalone than Lope Use, Ft is used er Films, debvoest bottles, Pipe induatvid elorhey ond Fl Pehyvingl chen Ne) | TR iso themapbstic Rie arc ome Lr—~—~—~—~™”C—CC;dCCiszdssN by reapeating unils dr ving chbide Vinglchlde is Reroved by treat auctyloe th hydeegen chieide ot Ge-sile under bots 15 abimesphase Preporak’ > cheered Ving codePic is obtained by hentig a catav emulsion od vinylehbride tn | Presene d- bengeyl Peveride o¥ H,0 as cabilyst inan autichve [Under Pressures Poopeitier ob Fue Y Pre is insduble in aleho), watey and hydvotoarbans Hi) scluble in chlorinated Tyaietavtons and ketones: we) Te is Glousles, obules ond ron-inPlernable subsbance Fs) Riga ne te has high havdness and stistey because ch inter changing athaction chith is dus 1 Prestnee & chlorine ateny om attemnating Guba de Pye. “Th soPtering Point & Pre is 48 WF has extelleat revetane te of) as well a3 cattheving: |v) Beis chemically inert fooder,. eristant IF Ighth abrmeseheric: Ova, moygonic acids and alkallt, | User: aH ig used fer the, Prodection | Pipes, Loninated wabriaks ova‘ | Bakolrte ( Polyonybeearfmethe olarbepdide) 2 1 : ‘sa “themosttig plastic Phenol -Brmaldibyde | ee Significance as the coords fivet sycthetic. plasbic by Dy-Leo Gackebond in 1967-1907 paxation : Phonic reine ave Gudlinsed Pokyweriaation Poddé Ae phenolic devivativer (phencl, vesorcinel) esith aldehyles (Biho-Sromldge Fovtasal), Bobalite is Repoved by condensation > phans) wit ormatdidyde in Reswie A oxidicfalhabine cobalt, inthe ollouieg shes & cable insulation equipment Pall Fiber ronufackne:SCOFTFEOT HPO SeEEESEDOSSOVE OS ee ee ae ea Tukdh are mononeis Ba Subseyutat” Alhmergation “ese addition veadkiong take ace cobiafectly trcey restal ov albaline conti¥ions ond is re a5 methebaction . on ot 7 ™ s hone on teen Wo Ben _ an : Phere) vonomet wyoon Bc, heral Groner oo Phen 4 5 vile vatio de Phevel to rmaldahyde greatoy tain ene (be Pp 7 inate Presens dk oid ectaligt: The metiyil deiwalives reach wath thee Ae Forrm condented Preduct, dibydory diphenyl mettene(r). which on Fortier Condensation gues ww melewlar eights Notas Tomes, Ther ov Fusitie ard seluble and ave kneeon as. Novels Gi), oH Oh KPO one ow XO on @ less part sono ethyl y feed Phere) on be be be he 7 — Novel") teP 23° Newalac which is en favthey heating In Presenca cb- hovamethybretetvamina as ering aged Preduas Bakelile. 2p is « Tees dimensional , C1455 linked nehoorked hard rigid ond infes:ble_ Solid PolyaNovalie Gr) Meertiye rake) =a [2 Babette is usually davk cowed CPiaish bean) substence [DPE IS setlom Used in geneial cunsumer Peduclp tedesy dete cast and Gmplevitg Product and thei’ britlle vatiwe. 1) Te ig staeng boyd, v9hd ord steyg water with reamed ae het” and Prewuse, cue te Th WeRavakion wade by atvlyigg Under shug hed Pear W) By hos exeellect heat and weistwe re¥stone. NM) BH has gerd chemical veristane and geod electrical insuledoy chorachey %) Fr loo melewlar weight guodes have excelled bindieg Strength and | atbesve Prereities Mi) Bt Gan be monefactared and Prduud in Sheet, reds and tube -rny fer Waestrial opelicabions. Rubber ond Elastémners : Rabbey is an ebslomey — that is, a Felymer that hus the abit te 1925 ig ovighad share aPr beg deformed Ebastimers Con he- rcdivally ocuuing Polymes, such os rate Nebel og hey Gombe Systtetically Pehasd substonat, suk oy bat ruber, “thckel, oF neoPgnas Elostomas An elostiner ‘is a Plyma with ta Peteity dr iste (07) eesticly . gemerathy Raving Youngs rrodalhs mt hgh veild shaiin OT arcs orn nie moh hae Primary use ave Por seal,NEI ORE ORIEL NINE. VON. BOM Nubley Gnesi} OF bape woterial batrt, whith is Rhmmevigd form cb isohrene Ca bediens) , netyae— ener, by Tamrene Te methyl Adtadiensy | Maleonigation: Wluunigation is thi tensfurakion ds vebher Bam | Prelominantly Plastic state itr an Claskic sat The Recess Gensiahy eb | Whrelaction dr cro-links in vubber mebis PE is e Petey, -to hovdin wubber bythe use de sulphur, ao Process db treating Crue vuibber, subber fata, | gutts percha etey chamcally ce widow UF styegit, alaskiaty, hardnet os OY Voleaniaetion “tae Gempuand Yebber chonger From & stidey elstic“Rpey Ao dry dockic mattvial. Ft oles Wnoeata Th vesintene te Osdation and | Aecreagy the sclubilify tn sheds The Ave important Changed thet tekep | Plus during Vulanigation an os flbus Dtew tensile shegth —— nigh terele shegth (200 Wgs] ent) Cocse ¥gt Jem) 2) High vetentiviky — Low welenbivik 3) “Thermo plstichy = Nen-ttherme plasticchy | 4) Tackiness — __ non- torkiness | 5) Unvulemiyed —— Veleaniged | Neleamigation is a, very staple Reeesds chin a mistive af oo pails ob | Teebey wlth Fos pad ch sulphur is heated ot se Re 3 to te bees Yelaarigation 1 Gongeteds Towels HE Gavi tnd, some suiteble. actelaetois ave added. when vubber is mised wnt th te Ve ale Sulghay and the mixhwe is vuleaniged, alow terse shegth is obtained “FE sulphuy Cawtedt is “meensed 40 3040 Soy. the yulbber beamed, Dos srt lows elagation ant high tensile Sheagthe the Pedal | Obtained is Freon as chortle, We aefernt Yuleamiging agets ove sulehut, sulphur erercthlorde, antimony Pestasulphide, wie emPundy, Denil Perevide cred selaiiuen ethoxide| Os, cs es | CHG =H mer ey ie mH Hy cH, Uroloraed abhor sprig Pest, Vuleaniapkion, | sulphur Hs yy \ ot rt | oa | ie a ' Ss s Ss s i | 14 | a py _ ;* i _— om 4 | Vulcanized Rubber” Styrene butadiene whber + (GQ-s Redes) (Buno—s Rubber) raion “ye ig abso Koon as styme Rubber or BunasUlhe: Ty ig tha mock wiortant type dé Syrtbatic Tubber aith is Produced | by copymetigntion o> hutedienw ancl shyvene using. sodium af a cal | on a [ncnscraimcn, + neat See fae ere | bedadione | | styrene ‘iBuna-s ofa Tose high abvarion yevistome High kad heating cattle and yesiliene Rogidly ordiges in Destnce cb ogona edresthore swetly in oils and schenty MH con be vulleariged Sn tha Same tomy a5 ratuval Yubbey ‘either by saulehan 6Y sulehur tone ehleride DEev rip (Qu)SSS PN NS Useel Kery Manuradlanng & Nave, Floor tileg, Shoe soles, hesky Gskdy and even chewing gum, Gest wtor eontenedT, wine end Cable re Cont being, adhere, tik Vnigs che oo oe — cocking Pafes, bong om ck The meet cost. eFfechive_ igmenstedd coatings: TThioko] Rubber, Palyeulphtde Rubber or GRP - TRicka| wubley oat Fat syntthesiced by Peking an elo chemist. SThe CoPelymerisotion B- sodium Polysulphide | (Na,sy) and ettylene dichlyide Produces sthiokel vubber. | nd mem ened tn Nang ag no H (ethylene dichloride " ) Csediuin disulphtde), fe —i-} + on Nod = i sos J, ~thicke| Roperieg : b “Thiokel wubler Possess sheagth and inPermeabslty to gate 2.~This wubher Comet be vulcanized and HE Cannut Fao hard rubber, Te Vostenes ehemdly gad resistone to mineal oils, fads, oxygen, selvenls, agene avd sunlight: | 4: “Thicke! vubber Posseytes low abrasion Yerstane as) Avplicabions So \ Fabri Coated with “thidkel oye used for bamage ballers, life YORE and Jackets which ave inflated by Cor 2. Wickds ene uted fer lining bores fer conveying gacdine and oil 3. De is used for melons goskelr and Seals Br Ainting vells:Nitile yubber CGQR-A_ ov Buna-ni) is 0 copelymer cb (batadiene and acnjlonrtyile- 4 mf ae Henan =er,| anfie =F] pohymesigation 1,3 butadiene ex | Rewbortbile i ¢ Faecaeeret he} | | | hbsbadine -co-anybitile (Mitte rebber) | Dicparkies: Th Possess extellect yeristores to beat, Sunlight ils, acids and sally, bud kis lest resistant To altalis than natavel rubber | because db The Presents cb eyare grou? end. As te Praceition de | acvyonitile is Weceasecl, The desistonce 48 acids, sells, oils, selvent tale vathey 1S were Tesiskenk te beat and gh KenPenitines eke, (nce: Vulcunige! fe exvosed te Ws [ageing thon retinal vbey ond eet conveyor bate, Righ alk Prntivg, ‘elle | veg: For makig jude crest Comtonentt onke Vinings, Hered, gpskels, Foams and autamabile Ports, Xe 45, adhesives, oil resisted”=Therme Plastics 1)“These vesins become soft on heating and rigid en eeling Fe atheiy pPlasticty is reeysible 2) The heating and cooling donet altey te chemical) nature d- these Yesins because the charges invelved are Pusely rhysiel nate 13) Thermo Plastic vesins ave. -formed by chain Pelymerisstion a) They consis a dang hair linc) Polymets toith weak secondary Vondar woals Brees attoctlen beteaen thi 5) They ave softened on heating Teodily because the seaandery Fores de attraction betwen “the individual chi] can brek easily by heat, Pres erbaty 6) They can be veshoyed 4) These Plastics Con be reclaimed From wots €) Thermoplastic. resins axe softy weak ond les beittle 4) Tihew iesing axe usually Sas to organic. sevens Exe pyettyles, Polyvinyl chive ore %| Differences between “thermoplastics and “Thermo setting Plaats “The V)Duvieg Fabrication Precett thige Yesins “ore moulded one they are Sdlidified ‘they cannct be SoPtened Ve their plasbiaky iS iweversibte. 2) “These yesins ave Perranat setting esins 2) Thermosetting plesbic are Rermed by step Fibynerisation. 4) They have Three dimesionall network structines, 5) “The bonds retain their shegth fon heaking hence donct sePten on heating ED They comet be reshered 1) They Cannct bE seclarmad “from seat E)rhemosetting Pleskies are havd, shorg and more baits ond ond C885 sorg bend eto st De eee Vidks, “they are Insel CULL HE Balalife, Nylrr ete >Natival Rubber + Nabival rubber a cb bose matinia! Latey which is a disteision a isopiene~ Dusting the treatmedt, these Jeopiene molecsles Polymenige te fen lorg-eciled chats + Cis ~pahyisoprene dmethy) 1,3 butadiene, Teoprene, fe rica ne=en wees ip CAS ply Teaprene Catterall vutber) 4 — Lee | of 7 1 \y / noe wh | woe Taoene | . cis mbjisopee Cretan vubher) Struckiyo cb Nad ybber ¢ 4 W 4 ween ' a ” eee ie 2 Se-fNi-®Ne ae FNL 1 al 4 7 now 4The main sou OF naturel rubber is the species a hee Known AS Haver Brasiliensis and Gawyule “The molecular weight Yaw uber is aboot oooso — |g000. “The rubber [alan ig dletod ned b making incisions in the bark 4 The rubber ‘ress end ali tte saps (aesin) to feo out talS small vewsels Rubber latix fe a milky celletdal emulsion contarving cbest a5 to 457+ dy yubber Processing dr latex : Latin ig diluted TE cotati Jo le 207 4 rubber ana fiteved te eldmtrale any dit Present (ry tty To ‘that As added, when Yubber 6 cocgulatect t0 aetic avid ov Formic acid washed oma treated aS A soft mast. “ihe coagulated moss i Fellows 1) crepe rubber : Crepe ubber is Prepared by adding @ small amount dé sodiurn bisulehtle te bleach ‘the uber ont cong The Congulum iter relled out Geko chests ob alooutt Vm thickness acd Avied Ww aly at abou 50e- 2) smoked Rubber: FE is made by altmninat ng with sodium Sulphtt® and vellieg “the coagulurs ctiveker shes. “These ave then dy) (oe Gj fn cthe smoke Frem buarinivg eee Drawbacks of Row Rubber :- Tk becomes soft athe bleaching Inte Somewhat fed in smoke pot 50% or 11 AOS a high Tonperate 1 Tk is plackic fn neitine + : can be used in The ard is boo brittle at loo temperaline, TH temparatine verge a gk is weak and AS tensile strength watz absorption Caractly Irke vegetetde otls mineral) to te ee. is only aookalert: art has lege TE is gt resistant non-Poler aalvents ils, gascline, bengent and Carbon tetvarchloride. 5. Te is attacked by oxidizing | 6- Te Pevishes due Te oxtdation fH aty. | TE swells considerally fa organic. selvente and gradually diste = agests Uke He0s, cone Hn, , 58 &B TL Posses marked tockiness TE hes Wttle dunobtltby ard To. when stretched fo @ great extent fb suffers Permanent i deformation, Gutta Percha: Gutla percha is obtained From “the meitine leave OF dichopsis gutta and falagum gutta tress groon mostly in Mal. Sumatya and tvepical Telonds. Gutta Peveha may be wererered by seperated. selvent extvaction, when insoluble resins and gums ae Mermatively , the matared leaves ore ground Carefully, treated wi tstty at about ee -for half an hour and then Poured tito celd « We and is vemevee then gutta percho Floats on taker seo Fos a ; eae La en Ng A\ He oH Gatta Pevehe vehber (Trans Py isoprene) Proferkis: DAt veo tempovaltne , gutta ferhe fe honey and tugh, but Te softens cond becomes tacky at abet toe edule tm altphatic hydvotasbons Jack fnscluble fin a) Te is, rrrr—~—.—L. CC ene, tahere os haviavuber & cia isomers trans pely isp Useg3 Tn The wronufaclive ec gelt ball covers, submovine cables, achesives and Rises for sutgicol Posposes hantead stvering is k mats, Masticakion: Dmaking rubber int sirall Preces hy me eee Ne oy oie ape eo, od i Dey mew, Winks ty the vabber ene oak and they Andel cleavage oF mechanical stinrir§ Go 2D Attar maslttakion voviess Chomteals ave added 15 imPive the quali