1. It is the boundary between the stratosphere and mesosphere.

Stratopause
2. TRUE or FALSE. Air parcels cools down as it compress or sink and warms up as it expands or
rises. False
3. It is distinct blob of air. Air parcel
4. It is a tool used by meteorologist to show the frequency and strength of the winds. Wind
speed/Wind rose
5. The temperature at the bottom of a cloud is 20 C. The base of the cloud is 5400 feet above
you. What is the temperature at your location?

Solution:

T = Lapse rate x change in elevation

New temperature = surface temperature + ( lapse rate x change in elevation )

T = 20 + ( MALR * 5400 )

1. Define Radiation Inversion

2. What is Jet stream?
3. Define Wind Rose
4. Differentiate Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate and Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate
5. What are the factors that influence the Environmental Lapse Rate?

Answers:

1. Arises from unequal cooling rates of the Earth and the air above the Earth
2. Very strong wind that blow eastward at the very bottom of stratosphere
3. A diagram showing for a given place the relative frequency and strength of winds from different
directions
4. DALR is the temperature change of a parcel of unsaturated air while MALR is the temperature
change of a parcel of saturated air as it rises.
5.
a. Solar radiation
b. Terrestrial radiation
c. Temperature inversion
1. Explain how the different gases of the atmosphere evolve.

The Earths early atmosphere is comprised of 98% CO2 and 2% NH3 / CH4. In the early stages of
the Earths history, there was a lot of volcanoes that released CO2, H2O and other gases, which
explains the composition of the early atmosphere. Over time, the earth cooled down, condensing
water vapor, forming oceans. Carbon dioxide slowly disappeared in the atmosphere because a
portion is utilized by algae and plants for photosynthesis, a portion is trapped by plants forming
fossil fuels, and some dissolved in the seas forming shells of sea creatures which then formed
limestones. The process of photosynthesis can be accounted for the presence of oxygen in the air
today. Aside from that, the nitrogen gas in the air is attributed to the NH3 released from volcanic
activity which was converted to N2 by cyanobacteria, and the proportion also went up because it
was released by the reaction between ammonia and oxygen.

2. Explain the water cycle.

The process can be explained by the series of steps below.

Evaporation water evaporates from bodies of water and water from plants transpire
Condensation water vapor condenses, forming clouds
Precipitation a process where excess water falls back to the ground in the form of rain,
hail or snow, when the water holding capacity of the air is exceeded
Collection the water is collected to bodies of water and the process repeats

3. Enumerate the three permanent gases in the atmosphere?

N2, O2, Ar
 4. A diagram showing for a given place the relative frequency or frequency and strength of winds
from different directions

Wind Rose

5. The ELR is 3 0C/200 m. If the ground temperature is 32 0C, what will be the atmospheric
temperature at the altitude of 1750 meters?

Temp. at 1750 m = 32 1750 (3/200) = 5.75 0C

The answer is logical because, as the pressure decreases with altitude, the temperature decreases
as well (Ideal gas law).

1. Define Meteorology
2. Define Transport
3. What are the layers of atmosphere?
4. What are the four principle mechanisms of lifting air parcel?
5. Give the two types of turbulence

Answers:

1. Meteorology is the study of the processes and phenomena of the atmosphere that causes
weather.
2. Transport is a process by which air motions carry gas and particulate phase species from one
region of place of the atmosphere to another.
3.
a. Thermosphere
b. Mesosphere
c. Stratosphere
d. Troposphere
4.
a. Orographic lifting
b. Frontal lifting
c. Convergence
d. Convection
5.
a. Atmospheric Heating
b. Mechanical Turbulence
 1. Draw and label the layers of the atmosphere

1. Enumerate the three permanent gases of the earth

Oxygen, Nitrogen, Argon
2. Over 3.2 billion years ago, photosynthesis have evolved which produced oxygen. What is the
first oxygen producing organism?
Cyanobacteria
3. Enumerate the 4 subtopics of the composition of the earth
Temperature structure and atmospheric region
Evolution of Earths gases
Pressure, density and mixing ratios
Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen cycle
4. Give 3 tips for temperature inversion
Drive less
No wood burning
Eliminate car idling

1. It is a process by which air motions carry gas and particulate phase species from one region or place
of the atmosphere to another. Transport

2. A diagram with radiating lines showing the frequency and strength of winds from each direction
affecting a specific place. Wind Rose

3. The temperature change of a parcel of saturated air as it rises. Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate

4. The factors that affect ELR are solar radiation, terrestrial radiation, Humidity. (False Temperature
Inversion instead Humidity)

5. ENVIRONMENTAL LAPSE RATE (ELR) also known as TREE LAPSE RATE (ALR). (False AMBIENT instead
of TREE)
 1. A type of gas that filters out UV. OZONE
2. What are the two types of turbulence? And how they differ from one another?
a. Atmospheric Heating
Causes natural convection currents
Thermal eddies
b. Mechanical Turbulence
Results from shear wind effects
Results from air movement over the earths surface, influenced by location of
buildings, and relative roughness of terrain
3. Used by the meteorologist to show the frequency and strength of the winds. Wind speed and
wind rose
4. The temperature change of a parcel of unsaturated air. DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE (DALR)
5. What are the four principle mechanism of lifting air parcel?
Orographic lifting
Frontal lifting
Convergence
Convection

1. What is the difference between Weather and Climate?

2. Enumerate and differentiate the different layers of the earth's atmosphere.
3. Discuss briefly how the earth's gases evolved from the past to the present.
4. It is the tendency of air to remain in its original position (stable) or to rise (unstable).

5. Enumerate and differentiate the two types of turbulence briefly.

Answers:

1) Weather is Short term state of the atmosphere while Climate has Long-term patterns and
weather conditions in an area over a long period involving complex interactions and variability
2) Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
3) Answer is from the video.
4) Stability
5) >Atmospheric Heating
natural convection currents
Thermal eddies
>Mechanical Turbulence
Results from shear wind effects
Results from air movement over the earths surface, influenced by location of buildings, and
relative roughness of terrain