TP ON DU KH VIT NAM

TRNG I HC DU KH VIT NAM

KHOA DU KH
---- ----

N CNG NGH

TI: THIT K H THNG LM NGT KH BNG

PHNG PHP HA HC M C VOI XANH

CN B HNG DN SV THC HIN MSSV

TS.Dng Ch Trung Nguyn Duy Hi 03PPR110008
Bi Th Ngc Dung 03PPR110005
Phm Minh Tun 03PPR110027

B Ra Vng Tu, thng 5/2017

TRNG I HC DU KH VIT NAM CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
KHOA DU KH c lp T do Hnh phc

B Ra, ngy thng nm 2017

N CNG NGH

1. B mn: Lc Ha Du
2. Kha, ngnh hc: K3 LHD Hc k: 8
3. Hc phn: n Qu Trnh Thit B
4. Tn n: Thit k h thng lm ngt kh bng phng php ha hc m c voi
xanh.
5. Sinh vin thc hin:
1. Nguyn Duy Hi
2. Bi Th Ngc Dung
3. Phm Minh Tun
6. Ging vin hng dn: TS.Dng Ch Trung - Khoa Du Kh
7. Ngy giao nhim v: 03/03/2017
8. Ngy hon thnh nhim v: 28/05/2017
9. Cc yu cu khc:

Ngy thng nm 2017

CN B HNG DN TRNG B MN
TRNG I HC DU KH VIT NAM CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

KHOA DU KH c lp T do Hnh phc

B Ra, ngy thng nm 2017

NHIM V N MN HC

H v tn SV: Nguyn Duy Hi 03PPR110008

Bi Th Ngc Dung 03PPR110005

Phm Minh Tun 03PPR110028

Ngnh: Lc-Ha Du

Lp: K3-Lc Ha Du

1. Tn n mn hc: Thit k h thng lm ngt kh bng phng php ha hc

m C Voi Xanh.

2. Nhim v:

Ni dung yu cu v s liu ban u:

Thnh hn h C V i Xanh % th t ch
Nitrogen 7,80
Carbon Dioxide 5
Hydrogen Sulphide 0,5
Methane 73,70
Ethane 11,93
Propane 0,42
i-Butane 0,08
 n-Butane 0,1
i-Pentane 0,06
n-Pentane 0,04
Hexanes 0,06
Heptanes+ 0,31

- Lng kh u vo: 120 triu m3/nm

- Nhit lm vic ca thp: 90oF
- p sut lm vic: 900 (psia)
Ni dung cc phn thuyt trnh v tnh ton:
- Gii thiu tng quan v thnh phn kh chua trong kh t nhin ni chung v kh t
m C Voi Xanh, qu cc qu trnh x l kh chua.
- Trnh by v la chn dung mi, quy trnh x l kh chua.
- Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v nng lng.
- Tnh ton mt vi thng s chnh ca cc thit b trong h thng.
3. Ngy giao n mn hc: Ngy 03 thng 03 nm 2017

4. Ngy hon thnh n mn hc: Ngy 26 thng 05 nm 2017

5. H tn Ngi hng dn: TS. Dng Ch Trung

B Ra-Vng Tu, ngy thng nm

TRNG KHOA TRNG B MN NGI HNG DN

(K v ghi r h tn) (K v ghi r h tn) (K v ghi r h tn)
TRNG I HC DU KH VIT NAM CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
KHOA DU KH c lp T do Hnh phc

PHIU NHN XT N MN HC

Tn ti: Tn n mn hc: Thit k h thng lm ngt kh bng phng php ha

hc m C Voi Xanh.

H v tn SV: Nguyn Duy Hi 03PPR110008

Bi Th Ngc Dung 03PPR110005

Phm Minh Tun 03PPR110028

Ngnh: Lc-Ha Du

Lp: K3-Lc Ha Du

H v tn ngi phn bin:

I. PHN NHN XT:

1) V hnh thc v kt cu AMH:

2) V ni dung:

2.1. Nhn xt phn tng quan ti liu:

2.2. Nhn xt v phng php nghin cu:

2.3. Nhn xt v kt qu t c:
 2.4. Nhn xt phn kt lun:

2.5. Nhng thiu st v tn ti ca AMH:

( ngh Qu Thy C ghi chi tit v chuyn cho B mn)

II. IM: (ghi bng ch)

( ngh Qu Thy C nh my r rng, y cc tiu ch nu trn)

B Ra-Vng Tu, ngy thng nm

NGI PHN BIN

TRNG I HC DU KH VIT NAM CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

KHOA DU KH c lp T do Hnh phc

PHIU NHN XT N MN HC
Tn ti: Thit k h thng lm ngt kh bng phng php ha hc m C Voi Xanh.

H v tn SV: Nguyn Duy Hi 03PPR110008

Bi Th Ngc Dung 03PPR110005

Phm Minh Tun 03PPR110028

Ngnh: Lc-Ha Du

Lp: K3-Lc Ha Du

H v tn ca GVHD: TS.Dng Ch Trung

1. Nhn xt v tinh thn thi lm vic v nghin cu ca SV

2. Nhn xt v kt qu:

3. Nhng tn ti nu c:

B Ra-Vng Tu, ngy thng nm

NGI HNG DN
 MC LC

LI M U ...................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Gii thiu tng quan v cng nghip ch bin kh...................................................... 2

1.1.1 Thnh phn v tnh cht chung ca kh ................................................................ 2

1.1.2 Lch s pht trin kh Vit Nam ........................................................................ 3

1.2 Tnh hnh v c im m kh C Voi Xanh .............................................................. 4

1.3 Tc hi ca kh chua H2S, CO2 trong vn chuyn, cng nghip v con ngi. .......... 6

1.3.1 Tc hi ca kh CO2 .............................................................................................. 6

1.3.2 Tc hi ca kh H2S .......................................................................................... 7

1.4 Mt s tiu chun gii hn lm ngt kh..................................................................... 9

1.4.1 Nguyn l qu trnh hp th ............................................................................... 12

1.4.2 Yu cu v dung mi hp th ............................................................................. 13

1.4.3 Hp th vt l ...................................................................................................... 13

1.4.3.1 Dung mi DEPG (Dimethyl Ether of Polyethylene Glycol) ........................ 13

1.4.3.2 Dung mi MeOH (Methanol) ....................................................................... 14

1.4.3.3 NMP (N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone) .................................................................. 15

1.4.3.4 So snh cc dung mi hp th vt l ............................................................ 16

1.4.4 Hp th ha hc .................................................................................................. 17

1.4.4.1 Dung mi MEA ........................................................................................... 17

1.4.4.2 Dung mi DGA ........................................................................................... 18

1.4.4.3 Dung mi DEA ............................................................................................. 18

1.4.4.4 Dung mi MDEA ......................................................................................... 19

1.4.4.5 So snh la chn dung mi cho qu trnh x l kh chua m C Voi Xanh 20

1.4.5 Cc cng ngh x l kh chua bng amine ......................................................... 25

 1.4.5.1 Quy trnh Flash Only .................................................................................... 25

1.4.5.2 Quy trnh Conventional ................................................................................ 26

1.4.5.3 Quy trnh Single stage .................................................................................. 27

1.4.5.4 Quy trnh Double stage................................................................................. 28

1.4.5.5 So snh la chn quy trnh cng ngh ......................................................... 30

CHNG 2 - TNH TON CN BNG VT CHT .................................................... 32

2.1 Cc iu kin ban u ............................................................................................... 32

2.2 Tnh ton cn bng vt cht....................................................................................... 33

2.2.1 Thnh phn kh nguyn liu................................................................................ 33

2.2.2 Thnh phn kh sn phm ................................................................................... 36

CHNG 3 - TNH TON CN BNG NNG LNG ............................................. 46

3.1 Cn bng nhit lng thp hp th ........................................................................... 46

3.2 Tnh ton thp gii hp .............................................................................................. 54

CHNG 4 - TNH TON CC THIT B .................................................................... 56

4.1 Tnh ton thp hp th ............................................................................................... 56

4.1.1 ng knh thp hp th .................................................................................... 56

4.1.2 Chiu cao thp hp th........................................................................................ 57

4.2 Tnh cng sut bm ................................................................................................... 57

4.3 Tnh ton nhit lng Heat Exchanger (HE) ............................................................ 58

KT LUN ........................................................................................................................ 60
 DANH SCH HNH

Hnh 1.1 - V tr ca kh C Voi Xanh [18] .......................................................................... 5

Hnh 1.2 - Hm lng CO2 trong cc mu kh C Voi Xanh [18] ....................................... 6
Hnh 1.3 - Hm lng H2S trong cc mu kh C Voi Xanh [19]........................................ 6
Hnh 1.4 - S khi thu gn ca nh my x l kh loi b chn lc H2S theo phng
php hp th s dng dung mi amine [19] ....................................................................... 11
Hnh 1.5 - S khi thu gn ca nh my x l kh loi b ng thi H2S v CO2 theo
phng php hp th s dng dung mi amine. [19] ......................................................... 12
Hnh 1.6 - Quy trnh loi b kh chua bng DEPG [1] ....................................................... 14
Hnh 1.7 - Quy trnh s l kh chua s dng MeOH [1] .................................................... 15
Hnh 1.8 - Quy trnh loi b kh chua s dng NMP [1].................................................... 16
Hnh 1.9 - S Benfield process c s dng nh my ADGAS's Das Island [7] .... 18
Hnh 1.10 - S PFD phn xng x l kh chua bng MDEA [3] ................................ 20
Hnh 1.11 - So snh hiu qu hp th vt l v ha hc [9]............................................... 21
Hnh 1.12 - S cng ngh chung cho qu trnh x l bng cc loi amine [8] ............. 23
Hnh 1.13 - Hm lng H2S trong dng kh ngt [8] ......................................................... 23
Hnh 1.14 - Hm lng CO2 trong dng kh ngt [8] ........................................................ 24
Hnh 1.15 - S cng ngh quy trnh Flash Only [21] .................................................... 25
Hnh 1.16 - S cng ngh quy trnh Conventional [21] ................................................ 26
Hnh 1. 17 - S quy trnh cng ngh Single stage[21] .................................................. 27
Hnh 1.18 - S cng ngh quy trnh Double Stage[21] ................................................. 29
Hnh 2.1 - Gin Katz xc nh h s chu nn [2].................36
Hnh 2.2 - S cn bng vt cht thp hp th ................................................................ 37
Hnh 2.3 - Biu xc nh nng CO2 cn li trong dng lean amine[17] ................. 38
Hnh 2.4 - Biu xc nh nng H2S cn li trong dng lean amine[17].................. 39
Hnh 2.5 - Biu cn bng H2S v MEA 15% 60oC[17].............................................. 41
Hnh 2.6 - Biu cn bng CO2 v MEA 15% ti 60oC[17] ........................................... 42
Hnh 2.7 - th tra khi lng ring ca dng amine MEA theo nhit v nng [17]
............................................................................................................................................ 44
Hnh 3.1 - th tra thng s [20] ....................................................... 48
Hnh 3.2 - th tra thng s [20] ........................................................ 49
Hnh 4.1 - Hng s cn bng C ca phng trnh Souders and Brown[15] ....................... 56
 DANH SCH BNG BIU

Bng 1.1 - Thnh phn ph bin ca kh thin nhin v kh ng hnh ............................. 2

Bng 1.2 - nh hng ca nng CO2 trong khng kh [10] ........................................... 7
Bng 1.3 - nh hng ca nng H2S trong khng kh[12] ............................................. 7
Bng 1.4 - Tiu chun c s kh thng phm ca PVGas [18] ........................................ 10
Bng 1.7 - Kh nng ha tan ca mt s thnh phn kh trong cc dung mi vt l iu
kin cng hp th CO2 [1] ................................................................................................. 16
Bng 1.8 - So snh dung mi hp th ha hc v vt l [4]............................................... 20
Bng 1.9 - u nhc im ca cc loi amine trong qu trnh x l kh chua ph bin [8]
............................................................................................................................................ 21
Bng 1.10 - Nng dng u vo v mc tiu u ra [8]................................................ 22
Bng 1.11 - Nng dng u vo v mc tiu u ra [11].............................................. 30
Bng 2.1 - Thnh phn ca dng kh nguyn liu .............................................................. 32
Bng 2.2 - iu kin lm vic ca dng kh nguyn liu .................................................. 32
Bng 2.3 - Bng thnh phn v cc thng s khc ca dng nguyn liu ......................... 33
Bng 2.4 - Nhit , p sut, khi lng phn t hiu dng ca dng nguyn liu .......... 34
Bng 2.5 - Bng thnh phn v cc thng s khc ca dng nguyn liu ......................... 36
Bng 3.1 - Thng s acentric v anthalpy ca dng kh 90oF ......................................... 47
Bng 3.2 - Thng s acentric v anthalpy ca dng kh 110oF ....................................... 51
Bng 3.3 - Thnh phn ca dng rich amine sau khi i qua thp tch ............................... 54
 LI M U

M kh C Voi Xanh (nm l 118ngoi khi khu vc Qung Nam/ Nng) l pht
hin du kh quan trng, m ra nhiu trin vng pht trin cho ngnh cng nghip kh
Vit Nam. Tr lng thu hi ca m C Voi Xanh c nh gi s b khong 280 450
t m3 v s bt u c khai thc vo nm 2021 [18]. Tuy nhin vi hm lng CO2, N2
v H2S trong m kh cao, gy nh hng rt ln n qu trnh khai thc, vn chuyn v
nng cp trong qu trnh ch bin du kh.

S hin din ca cc kh chua lm tng nguy c n mn cc thit b khai thc, ng ng

vn chuyn, cc thit b trong nh my ch bin kh v trong cc h tiu th kh (nhin
liu cho dn dng, cng nghip v nguyn liu cho ha du t kh). Ngoi ra, cc kh ny
cn u c xc tc ca mt s qu trnh ha du t kh nh qu trnh steam reforming
to kh tng hp (sn phm trung gian quan trng trong ha du). Hn na kh nhin liu
c hm lng H2S cao s sinh ra kh thi c hm lng SOx cao, khng p ng c cc
quy nh v mi trng. Do , kh thin nhin m C Voi Xanh cn c x l loi
b H2S, CO2 ti mc cho php ty theo mc ch nhu cu s dng chng hn nh tiu
chun i vi ng ng vn chuyn l nng CO2 < 2-8 % , H2S < 4ppm hoc i vi
tiu chun kh thin nhin ha lng (Liquified natural gas - LNG) l CO2 < 50 ppm, H2S <
2-4 ppm [19].

C nhiu phng php c p dng cho qu trnh lm ngt kh nh hp th bng dung

mi vt l, phng php mng hoc phng php hp phTrong , phng php hp
th ha hc bng amine c s dng kh ph bin v u im chnh ca phng php
ny c th gim nng ca kh chua n mc cho php (ppm) v ha tan ca cc
hydrocarbon trong cc dung mi amine rt thp. Trong n ny s trnh by r hn v
u, nhc im ca tng loi dung mi, phng php lm ngt kh v tiu chun la
chn loi cng ngh thch hp i vi thng s dng kh khc nhau.

1
 CHNG 1 - TNG QUAN

1.1 Gii thiu tng quan v cng nghi ch bin h

Thc t ca nhiu nc trn th gii cho thy, vi tr lng m du v kh t nhin ln

khng nhng gip nhiu quc gia pht trin v ngnh cng nghip t ngun du th m
cn c th t chc sn xut quy m ln c li nhun cao cc sn phm t kh nh kh
ha lng (LPG,LNG) hay ngun nguyn liu u vo cho cng nghip ha du sn
xut phn bn, bt git, dc phm, cht do hoc lm nhin liu cho ng c [2]. Do
hiu qu cao ca nhin liu kh v s quan tm ngy cng tng n cc sn phm ca n
trn th trng th gii, nhiu nc khai thc du kh xy dng, m rng v nng cp
cc nh my ch bin kh.

1.1.1 Thnh hn v t nh cht chung ca h

Trong thnh phn ca kh t nhin v kh ng hnh, ngoi cc cu t chnh l hn hp

cc hydrocarbon ca dy methane gm c: methane, ethane, propane, butane, cn c
mt lng ng k cc tp cht c kh axit nh CO2, H2S v cc hp cht cha lu hunh
nh COS (hp cht sunfide), CS2 (hp cht disunfide), RSH (mercaptan)[2].S lng
v hm lng ca cc cu t c th thay i trong nhng khong rng ty thuc vo iu
kin nhit , p sut, tnh cht ca tng m.
Bng 1.1 - Thnh phn ph bin ca kh thin nhin v kh ng hnh [2]
Thnh phn Kh thin nhin Kh ng hnh
Methane CH4 70- 90 % 30 80 %
Ethane C2H6 0-20 % 10 26 %
Propane C3H8 7 22 %
Butane C4H10 47%
n-pentane C5+ 13%
Carbon Dioxide CO2 08%
Oxygen O2 0 0,2 %

2
 Nitrogen N2 0 5%
Hydrogen sulphide H2 S 05%
Rare gases A, He, Ne, Xe trace

Theo ngun gc, kh thin nhin c khai thc t cc m kh, cn kh ng hnh c

tm thy cng du th, c th dng ha tan vo du th hoc to thnh khng gian pha
trn lp du th trong m du.
Mt cch phn loi khc theo hm lng hydrocarbon v hm lng acid c mt trong
kh thin nhin [2]
Theo hm lng C3+: kh gy: C3+ < 50 g/m3, kh bo C3+ > 150 g/m3, kh trung gian
C3+ 50 150 g/m3
Theo hm lng C2+: kh kh C2+ 10%, kh m C2+ > 10%
Theo hm lng kh acid: kh chua H2S 5.7 mg/m3 hoc >2% CO2, kh ngt thp
hn cc gii hn ca kh chua.
1.1.2 Lch s ht trin h Vit Nam

Vi tim nng v kh kh phong ph, nc ta c iu kin pht trin cng nghip du kh

trn ton lnh th. Cho n nay, Vit Nam hnh thnh bn cm khai thc du kh quan
trng. [2]
Cm th nht: ng bng Bc B, gm nhiu m kh trong m kh tin hi C vi tr
lng khong 250 t m3, c a vo khai thc vo nm 1981 tuy vi sn lng khim
tn 450 triu mt khi kh phc v cho cng nghip a phng.
Cm th hai: thuc vng bin Cu Long, gm Bch H, Rng, Rng ng, Rubi l cc
cm quan trng nht hin nay, trong tm im ca khai thc kh l lng kh ng
hnh ca m du Bch H, vn c khai thc t nm 1986 song vn c phi t b
ngy cng ln, ln n 1 t m3 kh mi nm (t ng ca PetroVietnam). Hin vn cha
c gii thch chnh thc no v vic phi t b kh ng hnh ny.
Mi n nm 1993, d n khai thc kh t b ny mi thnh hnh vi mt d n ca
PetroVietnam, vi s vn khong 460 triu USD, lp t tuyn ng t ngoi khi v nh

3
my in B Ra. Lc u cung cp 1 t m3 kh/ngy, n cui nm 2001 nng ln 5.8 t
m3 kh/ngy.
Thng 12-1998, nh my ch bin kh Dinh C c a vo vn hnh, mi ngy c 4,2
triu m3 kh c x l, ch bin thnh kh ha lng (LPG) v condensate cung cp cho
th trng. PetroVietnam cn ang xem xt vic nng cng sut ca ton b h thng thu
gom vn chuyn kh t b Cu Long ln 2 t m3 kh/nm.
Cm th ba: thuc vng bin Nam Cn Sn gm m i Hng ang khai thc ngoi ra
cn c cc m pht hin Lan Ty, Lan , Hi Thch, Mc TinhRing m kh Lan
Ty Lan vi tr lng 58 m3 cung cp n nh lu di mc 2,7 m3 kh/nm.
Cm th t: ti thm lc a Ty Nam gm Bunga Kekwa Ci Nc, m Bunga Orkid,
Bunga Parkma, Bunga Raya ti khu vc tha thun thng mi Vit Nam Malaysia l
c s m bo s pht trin khu cng nghip du kh C Mau Cn Th.
Ni chung, kh t nhin v kh ng hnh ca Vit Nam cha rt t H2S (0,02 g/m3 ) nn
thuc loi kh sch, rt thun li cho ch bin, s dng an ton vi thit b v khng gy
nhim mi trng.

1.2 Tnh hnh v c i h C V i Xanh

M kh C Voi Xanh nm cch b bin min Trung khong 100 km v pha ng, do Tp
on Exxon Mobil ca M lm nh iu hnh. M kh ny c tr lng thu hi ti ch
c tnh khong 150 t m3, gp 3 ln m Lan Ty v Lan - thuc d n kh Nam Cn
Sn (ln nht Vit Nam ti thi im hin ti). Hin cc bn ang xy dng v chun b
cc phng n khai thc v a vo s dng, p ng nhu cu nng lng ca t nc
[18].

4
 Hnh 1.1 - V tr ca kh C Voi Xanh [18]
D n kh C Voi Xanh l d n kh ln nht ti Vit Nam cho ti nay. Vic pht trin D
n kh C Voi Xanh s cung cp ngun kh quan trng n nh v pht trin khu vc
min Trung cng nh kh nng b sung nng lng cho min Nam sau ny, to cho
pht trin cng nghip ha du cng nh l ng lc pht trin cc ngnh cng nghip a
phng, gp phn m bo an ninh nng lng cho t nc, thm ng lc pht trin
kinh t a phng v to nhiu cng vic lm cho khu vc.
Theo k hoch, Tp on Exxon Mobil (M) s u t 1 gin u ging x l tch
nc ngoi khi; 2 cm khai thc ngm, mi cm c 4 ging khai thc v mt ng ng
di khong 88km ni vo b bin Chu Lai. Tng sn lng kh hng nm khai thc
khong 9 10 t m3, trong dnh 1 t m3 kt ni vi Nh my Lc du Dung Qut
phc v ch bin su.
M kh C Voi Xanh d kin s c a vo khai thc t nm 2021. Tuy nhin, hm
lng H2S trong kh C Voi Xanh cao (2500 ppmv), do cn c phng n loi b H2S
trnh nh hng n cc hot ng vn chuyn v ch bin kh.
Hm lng CO2: dao ng trong khong 28,430,9 %tt, mu c bit c hm lng 13,2
%tt.

5
 Hnh 1.2 - Hm lng CO2 trong cc mu kh C Voi Xanh [18]
Hm lng H2S: dao ng trong khong 0,06 0,17 %tt theo d liu thu thp c (Hnh
1.3). Tuy nhin, ExxonMobil c tnh 0,21 0,28 %tt H2S c trong kh ging C Voi
Xanh2X v ging C Voi Xanh 3X.

Hnh 1.3 - Hm lng H2S trong cc mu kh C Voi Xanh [19]

Tp on Du kh Vit Nam (PVN) u t ton d n ny khong 4,6 t USD, doanh thu
t kh d kin khong 30 t USD, t in khong 30 t USD. Sau khi hon thnh, a
vo vn hnh, d n d kin s np ngn sch nh nc 3900 t ng mi nm.

1.3 Tc hi ca h chua H2S, CO2 tr ng vn chuyn, cng nghi v c n ngi.

1.3.1 Tc hi ca h CO2

6
 i vi con ngi:
Bng 1.2 - nh hng ca nng CO2 trong khng kh [10]
Nng CO2 Mc nh hng
( % th tch )
0,07 Chp nhn c ngay c khi c nhiu ngi trong phng
0,1 Nng cho php trong trng hp thng thng
0,15 Nng cho php khi tnh ton thng gi
0,2 0,5 Tng i nguy him
0,5 Nguy him
45 H thn kinh b kch thch gy ra kh th
8 Mt bng v au u trong 10 pht
18 hoc ln hn Nghim trng, dn n t vong

Trong vn chuyn : i vi cc ng ng vn chuyn lm bng thp khng g, s c

mt ca CO2 c th gy n mn hoc mi mn thit b trong iu kin CO2 kt hp vi
nc to ra cc hp cht axit trong khong pH t 5 n 7[11].
Trong cng nghip:
CO2 c th gy ng c xc tc trong nhiu qu trnh nng cp cht lng kh, lm gim
cht lng sn phm kh v CO2 l nguyn nhn gy gim nhit tr ca dng thng phm
CO2 l mt trong cc tc nhn gy i nhim mi trng v hiu ng nh knh.

1.3.2 Tc hi ca h H2S

i vi con ngi
Bng 1.3- nh hng ca nng H2S trong khng kh[12]

Nng (ppmv)
Triu chng/tc ng

0,000110,00033 Nng c bn cho php.

0,011,5 Ngng mi (mi trng thi khi pht hin ln u). Mi tr nn kh

7
 Nng (ppmv)
Triu chng/tc ng

chu hn nng H2S t 3 5 ppmv. Trn 30 ppmv, mi c m t

c v ngt.

Tip xc ko di c th gy ra bun nn, chy nc mt, au u,

25 mt ng. ng h hp c vn (tht ph qun) i vi mt s
bnh nhn hen suyn.

20 Mt mi, chn n, au u, kh chu, gim tr nh, chng mt.

Vim kt mc nh v kch ng ng h hp sau 1 gi. C th gy

50100
kh tiu v chn n.

Kch ng mt, khng cm nhn c mi sau 2 15 pht (mi khu

gic). Cng th thay i, bun ng sau 15 30 pht. Kch ng
100
c hng sau 1 gi. nghim trng ca cc triu chng tng trong
vi gi. Sau 48 gi c th gy t vong.

100150 Mt kh nng cm nhn mi (mi hay t lit khu gic).

Vim kt mc v kch ng ng h hp sau 1 gi. C th b ph

200300
phi khi tip xc ko di.

Tc ng nhanh chng, bt tnh trong 5 pht. nh hng nghim

500700
trng n mt trong 30 pht. C th t vong sau 30 60 pht.

Bt tnh nhanh chng trong vng 1 2 hi th, t vong trong vng

7001000
vi pht.

10002000 T vong gn nh tc th.

Trong vn chuyn

8
Cng ging nh CO2, H2S l mt trong nhng tc nhn gy n mn ng ng v thit b.
Vi s c mt ca H2S s ha tan vi nguyn t st c mt trong ng ng to thnh FeS
v vn n mn xy ra ti u nht trong khong pH 5,0 5,5. [13]

Trong cng nghip

Cng nghip in kh:
Kh H2S nh hng n cc nh my sn xut in bng kh ngoi tc ng do n mn
ng ng thit b nh thng thng cn nh hng n turbine kh. Ngoi ra, khi c
hin tng r r, kh H2S s nh hng rt ln n sc khe ca ngi lao ng.
Cc ngun kh ca PVGas cung cp cho cc h tiu th in c hm lng H2S nh hn
24 ppmv.
Cng nghip ha du :
Cc hp cht lu hunh trong kh thin nhin u c xc tc ca mt s qu trnh ch
bin ha du t kh nh qu trnh steam reforming.
Xc tc Niken trong thit b reformer b sulfide ha bi H2S lm mt hot tnh dn n
vic chuyn i C1 thnh kh tng hp gim, nhit thnh ng khng t mc ti u v
tng tn tht p sut thit b do hnh thnh cc.
H2S gy n mn thit b nn dn n lm gim cht lng ca kh thng phm.
Ngoi ra, H2S c th to thnh cc mui gy cu cn, tt nghn trong cc ng ng, thit
b.
H2S c trong sn phm c th gy mi kh chu v c bit H2S khi chy s to ra SO2
cng l mt trong nhng kh gy i nhim mi trng.

1.4 Mt s tiu chun gii hn l ngt h

Nh ni trn, trong thnh phn ca kh thin nhin ngoi cc cu t hydrocarbon, n

cn cha mt lng tp cht ng k c tnh acid nh cc hp cht ca lu hunh, CO2,
H2Sc th gy n mn ng ng v thit b, lm ng c xc tc trong cc qu trnh
ch bin, gy i nhim mi trng nhng hm lng kh thi t kh thp hn nhiu hm
lng kh thi t du, than; chng hn nh hm lng CO2 pht thi ra mi trng t kh
thp hn 25 30% hm lng CO2 t du v khong 50% t than [11]. Ngoi ra, cc kh

9
chua cn gy c hi cho ngi s dng v gy kh khn trong qu trnh vn chuyn v
s dng.V vy, qu trnh loi b kh chua ti mc ti thiu v lm ngt kh l qu trnh
rt quan trng trong qu trnh x l kh.
Ty theo mi quc gia, c quy nh hm lng hp cht lu hunh v hm lng CO 2
khc nhau chng hn nh [2]:
CHLB Nga quy nh nng H2S khng vt qu 22 mg/m3, RSH <36 mg/m3, CO2
khng quy nh c th.
M nng H2S 5,7 mg/m3, CO2 1,5 5 mg/m3, hm lng lu hunh tng 22
228 mg/m3
Vit Nam, tiu chun chung cho kh thng mi l hm lng H2S di 24 ppmv v
S tng di 36 ppmv nh m t bng bn di .
Bng 1.4 - Tiu chun c s kh thng phm ca PVGas [18]
Thnh phn n v tnh Mc cng b Phng php th

Nhit im sng ca 0
C Max 5 ASTM D114295
nc 45 barg
Nhit im sng ca 0
Tnh ton theo thnh
C Max 5
HC 45 barg phn kh
Hm lng S tng (H2S v
ppmv Max 36 ASTM D2385-81
RSH), khng ln hn
H2 S ppmv Max 24
Hm lng tp cht c Phng php trng
ppm Max 30
ng knh ln hn 10 m lng
Nhit tr ton phn (GHV) MJ/m3 Min 37 ASTM D358896
Thnh phn kh ASTM D194596
N2 v CO2, nh hn %mol Max 6,6
C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 %mol
O2 ppmv Max 7,5

10
Khi nng cc hp cht cha lu hunh trong kh kh cao, ngi ta c th t thm
phn xng thu hi sn xut lu hunh v H2SO4. Cn nu hm lng CO2 trong kh
cao, sau khi tch CO2 c th c dng bm ngc li vo trong va tng cng
qu trnh thu hi du.
Phng php loi b ng thi H2S v CO2 bng phng php hp th s dng dung mi
vt l v dung mi amine u c th p ng cc yu cu k thut, cho php loi b CO2
xung 30 ppmv. So vi phng php loi b chn lc H2S, phng php loi b ng
thi c hai kh c b sung mt cm loi b CO2 xung 8% bng phng php mng
trong kh thng phm, do c dng ti u hn.

Hnh 1.4 - S khi thu gn ca nh my x l kh loi b chn lc H2S theo phng

php hp th s dng dung mi amine [19]

11
 Hnh 1.5 - S khi thu gn ca nh my x l kh loi b ng thi H2S v CO2
theo phng php hp th s dng dung mi amine. [19]
1.4 Nguyn l v cc qu trnh hp th h chua
Trong ngnh cng nghip ch bin kh hin nay, ngi ta thng s dng phng php
hp th x l lm sch kh khi H2S v CO2.

1.4.1 Nguyn l qu trnh h th

Hp th l qu trnh tch kh khi hn hp bng cch dung cht lng ha tan cu t cn

phn tch [2].
Trong qu trnh hp th:
Kh l cht b hp th.
Lng l cht hp th.
Kh khng b hp th l kh tr hoc kh mang.
Sau hp th thng tin hnh qu trnh nh hp tch cht b hp th khi dung mi v
ti sinh dung mi. Trong cng nghip, ngi ta thng s dng chng ct tch cht b
hp th ra khi dung mi.
C s ca phng php hp th l da trn s tng tc gia cht cn hp th vi cht
hp th hoc da vo kh nng ha tan khc nhau ca cc cht khc nhau trong cht lng
tch cht. Tu thuc vo bn cht ca s tng tc ni trn m ngi ta chia thnh s
hp th vt l hay s hp th ha hc.

12
1.4.2 Yu cu v dung i h th

Ty thuc vo hm lng cc tp cht axit m ngi ta s dng cc cht hp th khc

nhau [2]. Tuy nhin, cc cht hp th cn tha mn c cc yu cu sau:
C tnh hp th chn lc.
nht ca cht hp th nh.
Nhit dung ring b, tiu tn nng lng cho qu trnh ti sinh nh.
Nhit si khc xa vi nhit si ca cu t b hp th.
Nhit ng rn thp, khng b ng rn ti nhit lm vic.
Khng to thnh kt ta khi hp th.
t bay hi, mt mt t trong qu trnh tun hon cht hp th.
Khng c, khng gy nhim mi trng.
Khng gy n mn thit b.
Vi mi loi kh khc nhau vi cc thnh phn kh chua khc nhau s c nhng phng
php hp th ph hp m bo tnh kinh t v cht lng u ra. i vi cc dng kh
c yu cu cht lng cao, hm lng kh chua ln th cn nhng cht hp th c chn
lc cao v ngc li [2].

1.4.3 H th vt l

Hp th vt l l qu trnh hp th khng xy ra phn ng ha hc. ng lc ca qu

trnh hp th vt l l da trn s ha tan khc nhau ca cht kh cn hp th v kh tr
vo trong cht hp th.

1.4.3.1 Dung i DEPG (Di ethyl Ether of Polyethylene Glycol)

DEPG l hn hp dimethyl ether ca cc polyethylene glycol CH3O(C2H4O)nCH3 (vi n =

2~9) c s dng hp th H2S, CO2 v mercaptan t cc dng kh. Dung mi DEPG
c cp php/sn xut bi mt s cng ty ha cht nh Dow (Selexol), Coastal
Chemical Company, v UOP (Selexol).
DEPG c s dng loi b chn lc H2S v loi b su CO2 [1]. Qu trnh loi b i
hi stripping, stripping chn khng hoc reboiler cho thit b ti sinh. Qu trnh loi b

13
H2S c th lm ngun cung p ng cho quy trnh Claus. i vi qu trnh cn loi b
su thm CO2 cn 2 thit b hp th v 1 thit b ti sinh. DEPG cng c th loi b HCN
v lm khan 1 phn dng kh.
So vi cc loi dung mi khc, DEPG c nht cao, ng lc truyn khi thp, do
cn nhiu a trong thit b hp th dng a. DEPG c th hot ng trong khong nhit
(0 oF -347oF).

Hnh 1.6 - Quy trnh loi b kh chua bng DEPG [1]

1.4.3.2 Dung i MeOH (Methanol)

C rt nhiu cng ngh s dng dung mi MeOH nh quy trnh Rectisol (bn quyn ca
Lurgi AG) hay Ifpexol (Prosernat). Quy trnh Rectisol hot ng nhit rt thp v
phc tp hn so vi cc dung mi hu c cho qu trnh hp th vt l khc. Quy trnh
Ifpexol 2 bc c th loi b kh chua, cc hydrocacbon nng v nc.
u im ca MeOH l hp th chn lc cao H2S v CO2 cng vi kh nng nng loi
b COS. Kh nng hp th H2S v COS cao hn so vi DEPG. Tuy nhin, dung mi
MeOH c p sut hi ring phn ln nn s mt mt dung mi trong qu trnh hp th cao
hn so vi cc loi dung mi khc[1].

14
Do tnh cht vt l ca MeOH, cc quy trnh hp th thng hot ng nhit rt thp
v iu kin khc nghit hn. i vi quy trnh Rectsol, nhit hot ng thng nm
trong khong -80oF n -40oF.

Hnh 1.7 - Quy trnh s l kh chua s dng MeOH [1]

1.4.3.3 NMP (N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone)

Quy trnh Purisol s dng NMP c cung cp bn quyn bi Lurgi AG. Nhit hot
ng ca quy trnh nhit thp hoc lm lnh n 5oF. NMP c p sut sut hi cao
hn so vi DEPG nn s mt mt dung mi c th ln hn so vi s dng DEPG. NMP
c chn lc cao i vi H2S hn so vi CO2. Tuy nhin, CO2 b thy phn trong NMP.

15
 Hnh 1.8 - Quy trnh loi b kh chua s dng NMP [1]
1.4.3.4 S snh cc dung i h th vt l

Trong thc t, ty thuc vo yu cu u ra v cht lng dng kh u vo khc nhau,

ngi ta s tnh ton la chn loi dung mi ph hp. Cc dung mi c la chn da
trn tnh kinh t, hiu qu hp th, thnh phn dng kh u vo v cng ngh s dng.
Cc dung mi hp th vt l khng gy n mn, khng nguy him v khng yu cu cao
v vt liu thit b. Kh nng hp th ca cc dung mi l khc nhau i vi cc dung kh
u vo khc nhau.
Bng 1.5 - Kh nng ha tan ca mt s thnh phn kh trong cc dung mi vt l
iu kin cng hp th CO2 (ft3/U.S. gal) [1]

Thnh phn kh DEPG 25oC NMP 25oC MeOH -25oC

Hydrogen 0.013 0.0064 0.0054

Nitrogene 0.02 - 0.012

Hydrogen Sulfide 8.82 10.2 7.06

Methane 0.066 0.072 0.051

16
Ethane 0.42 0.38 0.42

Carbon Dioxide 1.0 1.0 1.0

Propane 1.01 1.07 2.35

i-Butane 1.84 2.21 -

n-Butane 2.37 3.48 -

i-Pentane 4.47 - -

n-Pentane 5.46 - -

n-Hexane 11.0 42.7 -

1.4.4 H th ha hc

Hp th ha hc l qu trnh hp th c phn ng ha hc xy ra. Ngy nay, dung mi

ph bin s dng cho qu trnh hp th ha hc l cc amine. Kh nng hp th H2S v
CO2 ca cc amines l do kh nng phn ng to mui gia bases l cc amines v cc
kh chua.

R1R2R3+H2S R1R2R3NH+HS-

CO2+H2O+ R1R2R3N R1R2R3NH++HCO3-

1.4.4.1 Dung i MEA

MEA (Monoethanolamine) c cng thc ha hc HOCH2CH2NH2. y l cht lng

khng mu, nht v c mi gn ging NH3.
MEA thng c s dng vi nng khong t 10-20% [8]. MEA thng c s
dng loi b su CO2 hoc loi b c H2S v CO2. Tuy nhin, MEA c th b hng khi
trong dng kh c cha cc thnh phn khc nh COS, O2, CS2. Ngoi ra, MEA c th b

17
hng khi phn ng lu ngy vi CO2. Qu trnh hp th bng MEA s t khong 0.35
mol kh chua/mol MEA. u im ca MEA l chi ph thp v kh nng n nh nhit tt.

1.4.4.2 Dung i DGA

DGA (Diglycolamine) c cng thc ha hc H2NCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH l cht khng

mu, hi nht. DGA c kh nng gy kch ng mt, da v nim mc [5]. Khi tip xc
hoc lm vic vi ha cht ny cn m bo n ton v c bo h.
Dung mi DGA thng c pha vi thnh phn 50% -70% trong nc [4]. Dung dch
hot ng ti nhit 200oF. DGA c khuynh hng phn ng vi CO2 hn H2S. DGA
c mt s u im l nng ln nn nhit ng c thp hn so vi cc dung dch
khc. Qu trnh hp th ta nhit nn nhit trong thp hp th cn c lm lnh
m bo hiu qu hp th. i vi dung dch DGA 65%, lng kh chua c hp th s
nm trong khong 0.35 - 0.4 mol/mol DGA. Tuy nhin, qua qu trnh ti sinh, lng kh
chua cn li trong dung dch amine vn cha khong 0.05 - 0.1 mol kh chua. Xt ton b
qu trnh, lng kh chua c hp th t khong 0.25 - 0.35 mol kh chua/ mol DGA
[6].

Hnh 1.9 - S Benfield process c s dng nh my ADGAS's Das Island [7]

1.4.4.3 Dung i DEA

18
DEA hay DEOA (Diethanolamine) c cng thc ha hc HN(CH2CH2OH)2. DEA cng
gy kch ng i vi da v mt, ht DEA nng cao (trn 150 mg/m3) gy ng c
cho gan, phi, mu.
DEA c s dng vi nng t 25-35% [9]. i vi dung dch 25% DEA c nhit
ng bng -6oC. DEA l cht hp th khng chn lc, loi b ng thi c H2S v CO2.
Lng kh chua c hp th bng DEA khng vt qu 0.7 mol kh chua/ mol DEA.
Sau qu trnh gii hp, lng kh chua cn li trong DEA khong 0.4 mol. V vy, ton b
qu trnh hp th bng DEA s thu c khong 0.3 mol kh chua/ mol DEA.

1.4.4.4 Dung i MDEA

MDEA (Methyldiethanolamine) l mt amine bc ba c cng thc ha hc

CH3N(CH2CH2OH)2. MDEA gy kch ng cho mt nhng ch gy kch ng nh cho da.
Tuy nhin trong qu trnh l vic vi MDEA vn cn s dng bo h m bo an
ton.
Qu trnh hp th bng MDEA c u im hn so vi cc dung dch khc l ta nhit nh
trong qu trnh hp th v qu trnh ti sinh tit kim nng lng hn. Hin nay, quy trnh
s dng MDEA ty thuc theo thnh phn v tc nht hot ha s s dng cc quy trnh
khc nhau.
BASF: Activated MDEA (aMDEA): nh my u tin c xy dng nm 1971. Trn th
gii hin nay, quy trnh s l bng MDEA chim 22% trong qu trnh x l kh chua. Tc
nhn hot ha l piperazin.
DOW CHEMICAL: Gas-Spec Process: s dng loi b chn lc H2S trong hn hp
kh cha nhiu CO2.
UOP: Amine Guard process: s dng MDEA v cc ha chat khc to thnh dung mi
Ucarsol (c ch to bi UOP). Dung mi ny c to ra loi b c chn lc H2S,
loi b su c H2S v CO2 hoc loi b CO2 t dng kh c H2S.
Nng MDEA c s dng trong khong 35-50%. Thng thng, MDEA c chn
loi b H2S xung khong di 4 ppm. Cc qu trnh mun loi b su c H2S v CO2
cn s dng tc nhn hot ha v dung mi c bit t cc nh cung cp bn quyn[1].

19
 Hnh 1.10 - S PFD phn xng x l kh chua bng MDEA [3]
1.4.4.5 S snh la chn dung i ch qu trnh x l h chua C V i Xanh

So snh gia vic hp th bng dung mi vt l, vic x l hp th kh chua bng dung

mi ha hc c nhng u th hn hn.
Bng 1.6 - So snh dung mi hp th ha hc v vt l [4]
Dung mi ha hc Dung mi vt l
Gim nng H2S v CO2 xung Gim nng H2S v CO2 xung
thp (<4 ppmv H2S, 50-500 ppmv mc bnh thng (4-10 ppmv H2S;
CO2) 200-5000 ppmv CO2)
Loi b mt phn cc hn hp Loi b mnh cc phc lu hunh
phc lu hunh Cc hydrocarbon b hp th km
Cc hydrocarbon b hp th km b nhiu
gii hn Tit kim nng lng nhng tiu
Tn nng lng. tn dung mi ln hn hp th ha
hc.

20
 Hnh 1.11 - So snh hiu qu hp th vt l v ha hc [9]
Trong cc loi dung mi hp th bng phng php ha hc, amine l dung mi hiu qu
v c s dng ph bin nht hin nay. Amine bc mt c hot tnh cao nht, tip theo
l amine bc hai v bc ba [4]. Mi loi amine khc nhau s c nhng u nhc im
v tnh cht hp th ring bit, ph hp vi tng thnh phn loi kh v yu cu ca dng
kh chua sau khi x l.

Bng 1.7 - u nhc im ca cc loi amine trong qu trnh x l kh chua ph bin

[8]
u im Nhc im
MEA Chi ph thp p sut hi cao, d tn tht dung mi.
n nh nhit n mn cao hn so vi cc
Loi b 1 phn COS v CS2 alkanolamines.
Hot tnh cao do tnh cht ca Chi ph nng lng cao do cn lm
amine bc mt. lnh nhit sinh ra t phn ng hp th
H2S v CO2.
Khng hp th chn lc.
To ra sn phm hp th irreversible
degradation vi CO2, COS, CS2.
DGA Chi ph vn hnh thp do yu cu Hp th khng chn lc mixed acid

21
 v dng tun hon thp.
Loi b COS v CS2.
Hot tnh cao.
Loi b mercaptan tt hn so vi
cc alkanolamines.
Nhit ng c thp.
n nh nhit cc tt.
DEA Hp th COS v CS2.
p sut hn thp, tn tht dung
mi thp.
n mn thp hn so vi MEA
Chi ph thp
MDEA Hp th chn lc H2S cho qu
trnh thu hi lu hunh pha sau.
n mn t.
p sut hi thp, t mt mt dung Loi b t COS, CS2.
mi.
Chi ph vn hnh thp, tit kim
nng lng.
gas.
Hp th phc aromatic (cc hp cht
cho qu trnh thu hi lu hunh).
Chi ph dung mi cao hn so vi MEA
v DEA.
Hot tnh thp hn so vi MEA v
DGA
Hp th khng chn lc.
Tun hon cao.
Khng th ti sinh bng cng ngh ti
sinh thng thng.
Chi ph cho dung mi cao hn so vi
MEA, DEA v DGA.
Hot tnh thp hn.
Khng th ti sinh bng cng ngh ti
sinh thng thng.

So snh cc dung mi amine bc mt, hai v ba, vi cc iu kin nng v dng amine
u vo nh bng 1.10 di cng mt s ng cng ngh hnh 1.12, ngi ta thu c kt
qu v dng kh u ra.
Bng 1.8 - Nng dng u vo v mc tiu u ra [8]
Tnh cht MEA DEA MDEA
Nng amine, % 20 35 50
khi lng
Mol acid gas/mol 0.35 0.4 0.5
amine

22
T l hi nc, kg 72-108 84-120 108-144
hi nc/ m3 dung
dch amine
Nhit si oC 171 269 247

Hnh 1.12 - S cng ngh chung cho qu trnh x l bng cc loi amine [8]

Hnh 1.13 - Hm lng H2S trong dng kh ngt [8]

23
 Hnh 1.14 - Hm lng CO2 trong dng kh ngt [8]
Dng kh sau khi c s l bng dung dch amine khc nhau cho kt qu khc nhau i
vi tng loi amine. i vi dung dch MDEA, dng kh c hp th trit v chn
lc H2S (gim xung di 4ppm) hn so vi cc amine cn li. Dung dch amine bc mt
MEA c kh nng hp th H2S tt hn so vi DEA. Tuy nhin, dung dch MDEA c kh
nng hp th CO2 km hn so vi amine bc mt (MEA) v amine bc hai (DEA). Nng
CO2 ca dng kh u ra i vi qu trnh hp th bng amine bc mt (MEA) gim
xung di 150ppm, thp hn hn so vi hp th bng MDEA.
T nhng nhn nh trn, dung mi hp th ha hc cho kh nng hp th cao hn so vi
dung mi vt l, m bo cht lng v thnh phn dng kh u ra. Trong hp th bng
dung mi ha hc, c th l hp th bng cc dung dch amine, amine bc mt c hot
tnh cao v cho hiu qu hp th vt tri hn c. Gia hai loi amine l MEA v DGA,
DEA c u th hn hn v vic hn ch n mn, trnh mt mt dung mi v chi ph vn
hnh. Bn cnh , DEA cn c kh nng n nh nhit tt hn, loi b c cc thnh
phn mercaptant v nhng c tnh vt tri khc. Vi thnh phn dng kh u vo t
m C Voi Xanh cha hm lng CO2 v H2S nhiu v yu cu cht lng dng kh sau
khi x l t cht lng cao, gim c lng kh chua nhiu, dung mi c s dng
loi b trit ng thi CO2 v H2S l DEA.

24
1.4.5 Cc cng ngh x l h chua bng amine

Vic la chn dy chuyn cng ngh x l kh chua bng amine ph thuc v hm lng
kh chua trong dng kh nguyn liu u vo v yu cu i vi kh sn phm u ra.
Trn th gii hin nay, c 4 dy chuyn cng ngh x l kh chua bng amine chnh bao
gm: quy trnh flash only, quy trnh conventional, quy trnh single stage v quy trnh
double stage.

1.4.5.1 Quy trnh Flash Only

y l quy trnh n gin nht x l kh chua c pht trin bi UOP. c im ni
bt ca qu trnh ny l n gin xong hm lng kh chua x l khng t hiu qu cao.

Hnh 1.15 - S cng ngh quy trnh Flash Only [21]

M t cng ngh
Dng kh nguyn liu ban u c a vo phn pha di thp hp th, dng amine
c a vo pha trn nh thp. Dng make up water c a vo pha trn trnh
lng amine b li cun theo dng kh sch. Dng kh sweet gas c ly ra t nh thp
hp th. Dng rich amine sau khi hp th i ra t y thp c tng nhit bng heater
ri i vo bnh tch. Dng amine i ra t bnh tch i vo thp gii hp, dng dung dch
lean amine i ra t y thp gii hp s quay tr li thp hp th cng vi dng make up
25
water. Dng kh i ra t thp gii hp s c a n bnh tch kh acid a n cc qu
trnh x l khc. Quy trnh flash only c s dng nhiu cho x l kh i vo cc ng
ng dn kh thin nhin.
u im
cng ngh n gin nht, chi ph thp nht
Nng lng tiu tn thp
Thch hp cho vic loi CO2
Loi c mt phn H2S
Nhc im
Hm lng CO2 cn li trong kh sch cn kh cao.

1.4.5.2 Quy trnh C nventi nal

Quy trnh Conventional c x dng ph bin trong vic x l kh sn xut kh
thng phm LPG v NGL.

Hnh 1.16 - S cng ngh quy trnh Conventional [21]

M t cng ngh
Dng kh nguyn liu ban u c a vo phn pha di thp hp th, dng amine
c a vo pha trn nh thp. Dng make up water c a vo pha trn trnh
lng amine b li cun theo dng kh sch. Dng kh sweet gas c ly ra t nh thp
hp th. Dng rich amine sau khi hp th i ra t y thp i vo bnh tch v ra bng

26
make-up water. Dng amine i ra t bnh tch s qua thit b trao i nhit vi dng lean
amine ri i vo thp gii hp. Dng dung dch lean amine i ra t y thp gii hp s
quay tr li thp hp th cng vi dng make up water. Dng kh i ra t thp gii hp s
c a n bnh tch kh acid a n cc qu trnh x l khc. Quy trnh Conventional
c s dng nhiu cho x l kh LPG v NGL.
u im
C th loi CO2 n hm lng 50 ppm
Lng dung mi cn ti sinh t hn so vi quy trnh flash only
Lng H2S thp hn 4 ppm
Nhc im
Reboiler ca thp ti sinh lm vic nhiu hn nn so vi quy trnh flash only, quy trnh
conventional s dng nhiu nng lng hn.

1.4.5.3 Quy trnh Single stage

Quy trnh singe stage c p dng cho x l dng kh c hm lng kh chua ln, cn
loi b n hm lng ch cn vi ppm.

Hnh 1. 17 - S quy trnh cng ngh Single stage[21]

M t cng ngh

27
Tng t nh qu trnh conventional, dng kh nguyn liu ban u c a vo phn
pha di thp hp th, dng amine c a vo pha trn nh thp. Dng make up
water c a vo pha trn trnh lng amine b li cun theo dng kh sch. Dng
kh sweet gas c ly ra t nh thp hp th. Dng rich amine sau khi hp th i ra t
y thp i vo bnh tch v ra bng make-up water. Dng amine i ra t bnh tch s
qua thit b rich flash column loi b kh chua. Dng amine i ra t rich flash column
s qua thit b trao i nhit v i vo thit b amine stripper tch loi trit cc kh
chua. Dng lean amine sch i ra t y stripper qua thit b trao i nhit ri quay ngc
li thit b hp th. Quy trnh Conventional c s dng nhiu cho x l kh LPG v
NGL.
u im:
Hm lng CO2 trong kh ngt t 50 ppm
C hai thp flashing nn nng lng tiu tn cho qu trnh ti sinh thp hn so vi quy
trnh conventional.
Hm lng H2S thp (<4 ppm)
Nhc im:
Tiu tn nhiu dung mi ti sinh hn so vi quy trnh conventional

1.4.5.4 Quy trnh D uble stage

Tng t quy trnh single stage, quy trnh double stage c p dng cho x l dng kh
c hm lng kh chua ln, cn loi b n hm lng ch cn vi ppm. Tuy nhin quy
trnh ny c u im l m bo tit kim nng lng hn so vi quy trnh single stage.

28
 Hnh 1.18 - S cng ngh quy trnh Double Stage[21]
M t cng ngh
Dng kh nguyn liu i ln t pha di gp dng amine i xung trong thp hp th. Ti
y, thc hin qu trnh hp th ha hc gia kh acid v dng amine xy ra iu kin
nhit thp, p sut cao. Sau dng kh ngt c a ra t nh thp trong khi
dng rich amine c a ra t y thp. iu kin thc hin qu trnh ti sinh l nhit
cao v p sut thp nn dng rich amine i ra t y thp hp th c a vo Rich
Flash Drum loi b kh chua. Dng amine i ra t Rich Flash Colum s qua thit b
trao i nhit v i vo thit b amine stripper tch loi trit cc kh chua. Dng
lng ca Rich Flash Column c gi l Semi-Lean Solvent - c tinh khit thp hn so
vi dng Lean solvent mt phn c a vo gia thp hp th, mt phn c a vo
thp ti sinh Amine Stripper sau khi trao i nhit bng sn phm y ca thp ti sinh
amine. Ti thp Amine Stripper, dng sn phm kh nh c quay v Rich Flash
Column trong khi dng sn phm y gi l Lean Solvent sau khi ti sinh c quay tr
li thp hp th a u tin tip tc thc hin qu trnh hp th kh chua.
u im:
c s dng cho dng kh c cha nhiu kh acid ( >12%)

29
 Nng lng cho reboiler thp ti sinh t hn so vi quy trnh single stage
Linh hot trong iu chnh tc dng dung mi cho ti ca thp ti sinh bng nhit
hoc ngc li
Nhc im:
Yu cu lng dung mi lun cao hn so vi quy trnh single stage
ng knh thp hp th ln hn so vi quy trnh single stage bi v phi chu dng
dung mi ln hn.

1.4.5.5 S snh la chn quy trnh cng ngh

Bng 1. 9 - Nng dng u vo v mc tiu u ra [21]

Cng sut
Cht lng nhit ca
S cng Cht lng ng dng
dng kh (MBTU/lbmol
ngh dng kh ngt in hnh
nguyn liu CO2 b loi
b)
Lng kh
Flash only acid rt cao >2% CO2 Pipeline NG 8-10
(>12%)
Lng kh
Conventional acid thp 50 ppm CO2 LNG 45-60
(<7%)
Lng kh
50-1000 ppm
Single stage acid cao LNG, NGL 32-40
CO2
(7-12%)
Lng kh
Double stage acid rt cao 500 ppm CO2 Amonia 12-18
(>12%)

T cc u nhc im v hiu qu cc quy trnh trnh by trn, vi thnh phn kh

nguyn liu u vo cha hm lng kh H2S v CO2 ln, quy trnh c la chn l quy

30
trnh conventional. Quy trnh ny m bo yu cu cht lng dng kh du ra c hm
lng CO2 v H2S nh, tit kim nng lng, ph hp vi thnh phn kh chua ban u.

31
 CHNG 2 - TNH TON CN BNG VT CHT

2.1 Cc iu kin ban u

Thnh phn dng nguyn liu
Bng 2.1 - Thnh phn ca dng kh nguyn liu
Thnh phn Khi lng % th
phn t tch
28 7,80
44 5
34 0,50
16 73,70
30 11,93
44 0,42
58 0,08
58 0,10
72 0,06
72 0,04
86 0,06
100 0,31

iu kin lm vic

Bng 2.2 - iu kin lm vic ca dng kh nguyn liu

Dung mi hp th MEA(15% khi lng)
Nhit thp hp th
Nhit dng amine i vo thp hp th
p sut lm vic thp hp th 900 pia
Cng sut lm vic 120 triu
Thi gian lm vic mi nm 8000 (h)
Cng sut cm phm xng theo gi

32


2.2 T nh t n cn bng vt cht

2.2.1 Thnh hn h nguyn liu
Lu lng th tch ca cc thnh phn kh dng vo c tnh theo cng thc

Bng 2.3 - Bng thnh phn v cc thng s khc ca dng nguyn liu
Thnh phn Khi % th Lu lng % th tch Nhit p sut
lng tch (m3/h) ti hn ti hn
phn t
28 7,80 1170 7,80 126 3,4
44 5 750 5 304 7,38
34 0,50 75 0,50 373 8,96
16 73,70 11055 73,70 191 4,6
30 11,93 1789,5 11,93 305 4,88
44 0,42 63 0,42 370 4,25
58 0,08 12 0,08 408 3,65
58 0,10 15 0,10 425 3,8
72 0,06 9 0,06 460 3,39
72 0,04 6 0,04 470 3,37
86 0,06 9 0,06 507 3,01
100 0,31 46,5 0,31 540 2,74

p dng cc cng thc tnh ton nhit gi ti hn, p sut gi ti hn, khi lng
mol gi hn hp, ta c:

33
 Ta thu c bng sau:
Bng 2.4 - Nhit , p sut, khi lng phn t hiu dng ca dng nguyn liu
Thnh phn Khi lng phn Nhit gi ti p sut gi ti
t hiu dng hn hn
2,18 9,83 0,27
2,20 15,20 0,37
0,17 1,87 0,05
11,79 140,77 3,39
3,58 36,39 0,58
0,18 1,55 0,02
0,05 0,33 0,03
0,06 0,43 3,810-3
0,04 0,28 2,0310-3
0,03 0,19 1,3510-3
0,05 0,30 1,8110-3
0,31 1,67 8,4910-3
Tng 20,65 208,79 4,69
i vi hn hp cha kh chua, cn tnh n h s hiu chnh v cc thng s nhit , p
sut hiu chnh, ta c:
p dng cng thc tnh h s hiu chnh cho kh chua [2] :

Vi:

tnh theo oR = o
K

A l phn mol H2S v CO2 trong hn hp kh.

B l phn mol H2S trong hn hp kh.

Nhit gi ti hn hiu chnh ca hn hp kh [2]:

34
 p sut gi ti hn hiu chnh ca hn hp kh [2]:

Nhit gi rt gn ca hn hp kh:

p sut gi rt gn ca hn hp kh:

35
 Hnh 2.1 - Gin Katz xc nh h s chu nn [2]

Xc nh h s chu nn z:
T thng s nhit gi rt gn v p sut gi rt gn, s dng gin Katz xc nh h
s chu nn z, ta thu c z = 0,89
T trng hn hp kh thc u vo [2]:

Thnh phn kh sch

Tng lu lng kh hydrocarbon v nitrogen i ra khi thp hp th:

Tng lng kh chua cn li trong sn phm:

Tng th tch kh sch i ra khi thp:

2.2.2 Thnh hn h sn phm

Tng t nh tnh ton thnh phn kh nguyn liu, ta tnh c thnh phn ca kh sn
phm nh sau:
Bng 2.5 - Bng thnh phn v cc thng s khc ca dng sn phm
p sut gi Khi lng
Lu lng Nhit gi
Thnh phn % th tch ti phn t hiu
(m3/h) ti hn(oK)
hn(MPa) dng
1170 8,25 10,40 0,28 2,31
0,71 0,005 0,02 3,6910-4 2,210-3
0,07 510-3 1,910-3 4,4810-5 1,710-4

36
 11055 77,99 148,95 3,59 12,48
1789,5 12,62 38,50 0,62 3,79
63 0,44 1,64 0,02 0,20
12 0,085 0,35 3,0910-3 0,05
15 0,11 0,45 4,0210-3 0,06
9 0,06 0,29 2,1510-3 0,05
6 0,04 0,20 1,4310-3 0,03
9 0,06 0,32 1,9110-3 0,05
46,5 0,33 1,77 0,01 0,33
Tng 14175,78 100 202,89 4,52 19,34

Hnh 2.2 - S cn bng vt cht thp hp th

2.2.3 T nh t n lng a ine a v s dng
Phng trnh phn ng ha hc gia MEA v H2S

37
 2RNH2R + H2S RNH3+R + S2-

Phng trnh phn ng ha hc gia MEA v CO2

2RNH2R + CO2 RNH3+R + RNHCOO-

Xc nh nng CO2 v H2S trong dng lean amine [18]:

Chn t l dng stripping hi nc bng 1,1(lb/gal) dung dch MEA lng kh chua
cn li trong amine l ti thiu (theo Hnh 2.3).

T l dng kh chua u vo

T biu di y ta tm c lng CO2 cn li trong dng lean amine l 700 grains /

gal

Hnh 2.4 - Biu xc nh nng CO2 cn li trong dng lean amine[17]

Tng t vi t l stripping hi nc bng 1,1(lb/gal) dung dch MEA v t l dng kh
chua u vo, ta cng thu c lng H2S trong dng lean amine l 5 (grains /gal).

38
 Hnh 2.5 - Biu xc nh nng H2S cn li trong dng lean amine [17]
Nng kh chua trong dng lean amine l:

Nng kh CO2:

Nng kh H2S:

Tng nng kh chua trong dng lean amine l :

Ta xc nh c khi lng ring ca MEA 15% wt 90oF l 8,34 (lb/gallon) =

999,35 (kg/m3).

39
 Hnh 2.5 - th th hin mi quan h gia khi lng ring ca dng amine MEA
theo nhit v nng [17]
Khi lng ca MEA c trong 1 gal dung dch l:

( )

Nng MEA trong 1 gal dung dch l:

Lng kh chua cn trong lean amine/ mol MEA l:

Lng kh chua cn trong lean amine/ mol MEA l:

p sut ring phn ca kh chua [18]:

40
 T l p sut ring phn ca kh chua:

T t l p sut ring phn ca kh chua = 0,1, p sut ring phn ca H2S =

232,65 . Gi s nhit u ra ca dung dch amine t , ta tm
c nng cn bng ca H2S l

Hnh 2.6 - Biu cn bng H2S v MEA 15% 60oC [17]

T biu Hnh 2,6, vi p sut ring phn ca H2S = 236,5 v gi tr
nng cn bng ca H2S l , ta tm c gi tr
.

41
 Hnh 2.7 - Biu cn bng CO2 v MEA 15% ti 60oC [17[
Ti trng thi cn bng, ta c:

Nng ti trng thi cn bng ca CO2 l:

Vy nng lc cn bng ca kh chua trong dung dch amine MEA l:

Theo kt qu nghin cu thc nghim ca Zapffe nng kh chua i ra cng dung dch
amine t 65% nng cn bng, theo Kohl Riesenfeld con s ny l 75% [18]. Chn
nng kh chua i ra khi thp hp th t 70% nng trng thi cn bng, ta c:

Lng kh chua c ly i:

42


Dng kh u vo c lu lng:

Dng kh sch c lu lng:

Lng kh chua cn hp th:

Lng mol kh chua cn hp th:

Lng amine MEA cn hp th kh chua l:

Tng lng amine cn s dng

Lng amine tun hon l:

43
T Hnh 2,8 xc nh c khi lng ring ca MEA 15% wt 90oF l 8,34 (lb/gallon)
= 999,35 (kg/m3)

Hnh 2.8 - th th hin mi quan h gia khi lng ring ca dng amine MEA
theo nhit v nng [17]
Lng amine tun hon l :

Theo [13], ta suy ra c phn mol ca CH4 trong nc nhit 90oF l 0,001. T ,
suy ra:

Trong :

: mol ca methane tan trong nc (kmol)

: mol ca nc trong dung dch amine (kmol)
, : ln lt l khi lng ca methane v nc trong dung dch amine (kg/h)
Lng kh chua ra khi thp hp th:

(kg/h).

44
Gi s lng amine b mt mt do dng kh cun theo l do 1% MEA do amine MEA c
p sut bay hi thp nn lng amine mt mt kh ln.
Tng lng sn phm ra y:

45
 CHNG 3 - TNH TON CN BNG NNG LNG

3.1 Cn bng nhit lng th hp th

Ph ng trnh cn bng nhit lng [20]:

Trong :

: tng lng nhit i vo thp hp th

: tng lng nhit i ra khi thp hp th
T nh tng nhit lng i v th hp th

Trong :

: lng nhit do dng kh nguyn liu mang vo

: lng nhit do dng amine ti sinh mang vo
: Lng nhit sinh ra do phn ng gia kh chua v amine
Lng nhit do dng kh nguyn liu mang vo

Trong :

G0 : l lng kh nguyn liu i vo thp hp th.

: l enthalpy ca dng kh nguyn liu i vo thp hp th nhit 90oF (kJ/h)

Vi:

(( ) ( ))

Trong :
.
:thng s acentric ca tng cu t kh u vo.Thng s acentric c trng cho mc
sai lch ca kh thc khng c hnh cu nh kh l tng.

46
S dng th 24.6 v 24.7 trong [20] bng cch da vo nhit quy i Tr v Pr
Vi:
Tr =

Pr =

Trong :
T, P: l nhit v p sut hot ng ca thp
Tth, Pth : l nhit v p sut ti hn ca dng kh nguyn liu


Nhit v p sut ti hn ca dng kh nguyn liu c tnh bng cch tham kho cc
thng s nhit v p sut ti hn ca tng cu t trong bng sau [20]
Bng 3.1 - Thng s acentric v anthalpy ca dng kh 90oF [20]
Thnh Nng Khi lng Thng s Anthalpy Anthanpy
phn kh (yi) mol acentric 90oF(kJ/kg) (kJ/kmol)
u vo (kg/kmol)
N2 0,078 28 0,037 0,003 314,01 685,80
CO2 0,05 44 0,267 0,013 209,83 461,64
H2S 0,005 34 0,095 0,0005 290,75 49,43
C1 0,737 16 0,010 0,008 639,65 7542,75
C2 0,1193 30 0,098 0,012 407,05 1456,83
C3 0,0042 44 0,152 0,0006 348,90 64,48
iC4 0,0008 58 0,185 0,0002 325,64 15,11
nC4 0,001 58 0,199 0,0002 348,90 20,24
iC5 0,0006 72 0,228 0,0001 325,64 14,07
nC5 0,0004 72 0,251 0,0001 341,92 9,84
C6 0,0006 86 0,299 0,0002 297,73 15,36
C7+ 0,0031 100 0,348 0,0011 253,53 78,60
Tng 1 0,039 4126,32 10414,14
Lng nhit iu kin chun 90oF ca dng kh l:

Nhit rt gn v p sut rt gn ca hn hp kh ta tnh c trong phn tm thnh

phn kh trn ln lt l Tr=1,50 v Pr = 1,35

47
.

Hnh 3.1 - th tra thng s [20]

48
 Hnh 3.2- th tra thng s [20]

Vi gi tr Tr v Pr trn, thng qua th trn hnh 24.6 v 24.7 trong ti liu tham kho
ta tm c:
= 0,62

= 0,17

Ta c :

Mt khc, ta c:

T trng kh u vo l 56,75 (kg/m3)

Cng sut ca kh nguyn liu l 15000 (m3/h)

Khi lng phn t khi trung bnh ca dng kh vo l 20,65 (kg/kmol)

49
 Do , ta c lu lng khi lng dng kh vo l

/h)

Suy ra

Lng nhit dng kh mang vo:

Nhit lng do dng amine ti sinh mang vo

Trong :

: nhit dung ring ca dng amine ti sinh. /kg.oC)

: lng amine ti sinh i vo thp hp th (kJ/h)
: nhit ca dng amine i vo. T = 110oF = 34oC

Nhit lng sinh ra trong phn ng gia kh chua vi amine

Theo Rohl and Riesenfeld nhit ta ra ca phn ng CO2 V H2S vi MEA ln lt l
825 (Btu/pound) v 820 (Btu/pound).
Lng mol kh chua cn hp th c tnh ra l v
.
Do , khi lng kh chua ln lt l:

Nhit phn ng:

Nhit phn ng sinh ra trong phn ng kh chua vi amine:

50


T nh tng lng nhit i ra khi th hp th

Nhit lng do dng kh ngt mang ra nh thp hp th Q4

Cch tnh Q4 tng t nh Q1, ta xem dng kh ra khi thp hp th ti nhit v p

sut lm vic l 110oFv 900 psi, ch c nng cc cu t v lu lng dng thay i
C th nh sau:
Bng 3.2 - Thng s acentric v anthalpy ca dng kh 110oF [20]
Thnh
Khi Thng s
phn Anthalpy Anthanpy
Nng (yi) lng mol acentric
kh u 110oF(kJ/kg) (kJ/kmol)
(kg/kmol)
ra
N2 0,0825 28 0,038 0,003 325,64 752,55
CO2 5.10-5 44 0,267 1,33.10-5 232,60 0,51
H2S 5.10-6 34 0,095 4,7.10-7 302,38 0,05
C1 0,78 16 0,010 0,0081 651,28 8126,43
C2 0,126 30 0,098 0,0124 418,68 1585,58
C3 0,0044 44 0,152 0,0007 372,16 72,77
iC4 8,5.10-4 58 0,185 0,00015 348,9 17,13
nC4 0,0011 58 0,199 0,0002 372,16 22,84
iC5 6.10-4 72 0,228 0,0001 348,9 15,95
nC5 4.10-4 72 0,251 0,0001 360,53 10,99
C6 6.10-4 86 0,299 0,0002 314,01 17,15
C7+ 0,0033 100 0,348 0,0011 272,142 89,27
Tng 1 0,0262 4126,324 10711,21

Tnh tng t nh cho thnh phn kh vo ta c:

51
Suy ra:

= 0,62

= 0,03

Mt khc, ta c:
T trng kh u ra l 52,23 (kg/m3)
Cng sut ca kh nguyn liu l 14175,78 (m3/h)
Khi lng phn t khi trung bnh ca dng kh ra l 19,34 (kg/kmol)
Do , ta c lu lng khi lng dng kh vo l:

Lng nhit dng kh mang ra:

Nhit tht thot ra mi trng Q5

Lng nhit tht thot ra bn ngoi ph thuc vo iu kin hot ng ca thp v
cc yu t mi trng tc ng bn ngoi. Thng thng, s tht thot nhit trong tnh
ton c ly trong khong 1 n 5 % lng nhit tng ca ton qu trnh
Ly h s tn tht nhit l 3,5%, ta c:

Nhit lng dng amine mt mt theo dng kh

Trong :

: lng amine mt mt (kg/h)

: nhit dung ring ca dng amine mt mt (kJ/kg.oC).
52
 : nhit dng amine i ra (oC)

Lng nhit dng a ine b ha e ra Q6

Theo cn bng nhit lng, tng lng nhit i vo thp bng tng lng nhit i ra khi
thp nn:

Nhit ra khi y thp

Trong :

: lng nhit dng amine em ra khi y thp (kJ/h)

: nhit dung ring ca dng ra (kJ/kg.oC)
Btu/lb.oF = 3,828 (kJ/kg.oC)
: khi lng ra khi thp (kg/h)
T , suy ra:
o
C

Vy nhit ra khi thp l khong 56oC

Tng nhit v (kg/h) Tng nhit ra (kg/h)

Nhit dng kh vo Nhit dng kh mang ra
90oF 110oF
Nhit dng amine vo Nhit mt mt do mi trng
Nhit phn ng Nhit do dng amine mt mt
Lng nhit dng amine mang ra
Nhit dng amine mang ra 56oC

53
3.2 T nh t n th gii hp

Cn bng nhit lng ca th gii hp

Phng trnh cn bng nhit [17]

Trong :

: nhit lng ca dng rich amine vo (amine+ H2S + CO2) (kJ/h)

: nhit lng ca dng lean amine ra (kJ/h)
: nhit ca gii hp ca phn ng kh chua v amine (kJ/h)
: nhit ca reboiler (kJ/h)
: nhit cn cp cho thit b condenser (kJ/h)
Tnh nhit lng ca dng vo ( )
Sau khi dng amine sau khi i qua thp tch ch yu tch hon ton CH4, ch cn t lng
CO2, MEA v H2S mt ra khi sn phm nh ca thp tch nn nn ta c thnh phn
dng y nh sau:
Bng 3.3 - Thnh phn ca dng rich amine sau khi i qua thp tch
Thnh phn Lu lng khi lng Lu lng mol % mol
dng sau khi (kg/h) (mol/h)
qua thp tch
CO2 44,63 6
H2 S 3,13 0,42
Dung dch 696,01 93,58
amine MEA
Tng 56853,30 743,77 100
i lng tng dng aminE sau khi i qua thp tch:

QMEA =56853,30 kg/h = 2089 (lb/min)

Ly nhit dng rich amine vo thp gii hp 190oF v dng lean amine ra khi thp
gii hp 240 oF
Ta c:

54
 (Btu/min)

Trong :

Nhit dung ring ca dng amine l 0,98 (Btu/lboF).

Lng amine i vo thp ti sinh 2089 (lb/min)

Nhit lng ca dng kh chua gii hp ra khi amine l:

Trong :
Lng nhit kh chua i qua thp gii hp ln lt l
=53913 (Btu/min)
(Btu/min)
Lng kh chua CO2 v H2S cn li trong dng amine ln lt l
(lb/min)
(lb/min)
Nhit lng ca reboiler:
Ly dng hi i vo thit b reboiler 250 oF v c nhit lng ring l 945 (Btu/lb)

Nhit lng cn cp cho thit b ngng t l :

55
 CHNG 4 - TNH TON CC THIT B

4.1 T nh t n th hp th
4.1.1 ng nh th hp th
Vn tc ti a ca dng kh trong thp hp th:

[ ]

Trong :

C l hng s ng vi phng trnh Souders and Brown equation (m/h)

l khi lng ring pha lng (kg/m3)
l khi lng ring pha kh (kg/m3)

Hnh 4.1- Hng s cn bng C ca phng trnh Souders and Brown[15]

T ti liu tham kho [14] , ta tm c sc cng b mt ca dung dch MEA 15% l 64,4
(mN/m), khong cch gia cc a l 0,6 (m). Qua biu trn, ta tm c hng s
C=650 (ft/h) = 198,12 (m/h).
Thay vo cng thc, ta c:

56
 [ ] [ ]

ng knh thp hp th[15]:

Trong :

l ng knh thp (m)

l lu lng dng kh i vo thp ( )
l vn tc dng khi trong thp (m/h)
Ta c:

4.1.2 Chiu ca th hp th

Da vo s liu thc nghim, trn thc t s a thp hp th amine thng c t 20-30

a, do dng kh u vo vi lng lng ln v hm lng CO2 kh ln, ta la chn s
a bng 28 v khong cch gia cc a l 0,6m [15].

Vi

H : khong cch gia cc a. Chn H=0,6 (m).

0,8 1: khong cch cho php nh v y thit b. Chn bng 0,9 (m).
: chiu dy ca a (m) chn = 8.10-3 (m).

4.2 T nh cng sut b

Lu lng dng qua bm 54 (m3/h)

57
Chiu cao ht 3 (m)
Chiu cao y 12 (m)
Cng sut hu ch [16]:

Cng sut trn trc bm [16]:

Cng sut ca ng c [16]:

Hiu sut ca bm [16]:

Cng sut thc t ca bm [16]:

Vi cng sut ng c l , chn

4.3 T nh t n nhit lng Heat Exchanger (HE)

Ta c:

Trong :

: nhit dung ring ca dng rich amine kJ/kg.oC

: nhit ca dng rich amine i ra HE (oC). o
C
: nhit dng rich amine i vo HE (oC). o
C
: nhit ca dng lean amine i vo HE (oC). o
C

58
: nhit ca dng lean amine i ra HE (oC)
(kJ/h)

59
 KT LUN

Cc thnh phn kh chua trong kh t nhin l cc thnh phn c hi, gy n mn v nh

hng n cht lng sn phn cng nh cc quy trnh ch bin kh. Vic x l loi b
cc thnh phn kh chua c trong kh t nhin l iu cn thit m bo cht lng sn
phn ca kh t nhin. C rt nhiu phng php khc nhau loi b thnh phn kh
chua nn cn la chn phng php ph hp nht da trn c s tnh ton v thnh phn
dng kh u vo. Qu trnh x l kh chua bng dung dch amine em li hiu qu cao,
cho ra dng sn phm c hm lng kh chua nh. Dung dch amine hoc quy trnh c
p dng ty thuc theo thnh phn dng kh u vo, yu cu sn phm v chi ph u t.
Cc quy trnh cng ngh lun c pht trin nng cao cht lng sn phm v tit
kim nng lng, p ng yu cu v sc khe mi trng ngy cng nghim ngt. Lm
ngt kh thin nhin trc khi a vo ch bin khng nhng cn thit cho qu trnh k
thut, m cn quan trng i vi vic nh gi gi tr sn phm, th hin s quan tm ca
khoa hc k thut i vi mi trng v sc khe con ngi.

Qua qu trnh tm hiu v thc hin n THIT K H THNG LM NGT KH

T M C VOI XANH BNG PHNG PHP HA HC nhm xut dung
mi v quy trnh x l m bo gim hm lng kh chua n mc cn vi ppm, p
ng tiu chun i vi kh thng phm ti Vit Nam.

Nhm xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn tn tnh ca thy hng dn Dng Ch

Trung cng nh s gip ca cc thy c trong hi ng gip v ch bo trong
qu trnh thc hin n.

60
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