9 Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis Assessment Problems AP 9.1 [a] V = 170/—40° V {b] 10sin(1000" + 20°) = 10.cos(10008 — 70°) T= 10/-70°A [ce] T= 5/36.87° + 10, = 44 93-46-78 = 10-75 = 11.18/-26.57°A [4] sin(20,0007¢ + 30°) = cos(20,000m¢ — 60°) ‘Thus, ‘V = 300/45 — 100/—60° = 212.13 + j212.13 — (50 — 86.60) = 162.13 + 5298.73 = 339.90/61.51° mV AP 9.2 [a] v = 18.6cos(wt ~ 54°) V (b] 1 = 20/45° — 50/— 30° = 14.14 + j14.14 — 43.3 + 525 = =29.16 + 739.14 = 48.81/126.68° ‘Therefore i = 48.81 cos(wt + 126.68) mA fe] V = 20+ 780 — 30/15" 8.98 + j72.24 = 20 + j80 ~ 28.98 — 37.76 72.79 /97.08° v= 72.79 cos(wt + 97.08°) V AP 9.3 [a] wh = (104)(20 x 10%) = 2000 [b] 2, = jwL = 72000 oH92 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis [e] Vi = 1Z, = (10/30°)(200/90°) x 10-* = 2/120° V [4] vz, = 2cos(10,000¢ + 120°) V - -1 AP 94 [el Xo= 55 = apg = {b] Zo = jXe = ~j500 500 77 ¥ _ 30/58 5 ll T= Jo = spp = OSAISA [4] i = 0.6 cos(4000¢ + 115°) A AP 9.5 1; = 100/25° = 90.63 + 542.26 Ty = 100/145° = —81.92 + 357.36 I, = 100/—95° = ~8.71 — 399.62 =-(ht+h+h)=(0+40)A, therefore is =0A 125/60 125 gn ag vo AP 96 [al I= 7g = Fz 80 = ta) But 60-6, =~105° 6, = 45° Z=W+j160+5Xe ~ Xe = -70; Xe 1 oj(e000) =?" Vs 125/—60° = Ve 2 12500" _ 4 989/105"; = 0.982 A b] I= {90 +790) 0.982/—105°. a AP 9.7 [a] ao xe—f +4. ey 5 25uE ‘SmH w = 2000rad/s wh = 102, oom —202 20(710) = = 20010) 5 501 Zery = 20||j10 + 5 + 520 20+ 710) +5— 520 = 44 j8+5—j20 = (9 —j12)2Problems 9-3 [b] wL =409, (20)(540) Z, + + fay = 5 — j5 + 20|]j40 = 5 — 75 [ oa =5-j5 +16 +58 = (21453)9 Wa [BA (6-H) mY [20+ jul, Bw _ _20w? j400LL ji0® ~ 400+ * 900-4 027? 1° Ba The impedance will be purely resistive when the j terms cancel, ie., 4002L 10° 400+ wT? © Dur Solving for w yields w = 4000 rad/s. 2001? 400+ FT? AP 9.8 The frequency 4000 rad/s was found to give Zxy = 159 in Assessment Problem 9.7. Thus, ld] Ze = +5=1045= 152 Vv _ 150/0° =1500°, = V= 1000, I Za = 10/02 Using current division, _ 20 ~ 30+ 720 L, (10) = 5 — 5 = 7.07/—45° A ig = 7.07 cos(4000¢~ 45°) A, In = 7.07 A AP 9.9 After replacing the delta made up of the 502, 400, and 109 resistors with its equivalent wye, the circuit becomes 7 ua 409 -418Q 1360 202 5Q 4a9-4 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis ‘The circuit is further simplified by combining the parallel branches, (20 + j40)||(5 — 515) = (12 — j16) 0 136 /0° M+12—jl6+4 Therefore I= 4/28.07° A AP 9.10 V) = 240/53.13° = 144 + j192V 96/—90° ju = j(4000)(15 x 10-*) = 5602 Va -I96V. 1 6 x 10° Fo = ~Faoonj(a5y = ~250% Perform a source transformation: Vi _ 144 + 192 = 3.2 — 72.4. 560 760 2—f2aa Ve 96 29 = a9 = JA 8A esau 600 $300 [ 200 @-34.0n Combine the parallel impedances: 1 je 1 560 12 3.2432. v, 2120 Vo = 12(3.2 + j2.4) = 38.4 + j28.8 V = 48/36.87° V U, = 48 c0s(4000t + 36.87°) VProblems 9-5 AP 9.11 Use the lower node as the reference node. Let V; = node voltage across the 209 resistor and Vip, = node voltage across the capacitor. Writing the node voltage equations gives us Vi ~ 101, Vi orgse - - 3p 7 2A Sp =O and Vy = Solving these equations for Vir, gives Vn = 10/45°V. To find the Thévenin impedance, we remove the independent current source and apply a test voltage source at the terminals a, b. Thus jon 109 It follows from the circuit that 101, = (20 + j10)Le ‘Therefore Zr = % therefore Zr, = (5 — 75) Q ir AP 9.12 The phasor domain circuit is as shown in the following diagram: 200 sngv or) £60.9-6 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis ‘The node voltage equation is Vv vo Vv. V—100/—90° ~194+¥4—¥_ 4 V , V= 1004-90" 0+ 5+ Seo * 3s 20 ‘Therefore V = 10 ~ 30 = 31.62/—71.57° ‘Therefore v = 31.62. c0s(50,000t — 71.57°) V AP 9.13 Let I,, Ip, and I, be the three clockwise mesh currents going from left. to right. Summing the voltages around meshes a and b gives 33.8 = (1+ j2)[. + (3 — §5)(a — Tb) and 0 = (3 ~ 75)(L, I.) + 2 - L). But Vz = —J5(I.— Ts), therefore I, = -0.75{-J5(1, — Ib)]- Solving for I = I, = 29 + j2 = 29.07/3.95° A. AP 9.14 [a] M = 0.4V0.0625 Zoq = 40 + j800(0.125) + 360 + j800(0.25) = (400 + 7300) 0 01H, wM=809 Therefore {Zao 1 2, = (2) (400 — 7800) = (10.24 j7.68)92 500, Zi, = (400 — j300) 2 245.20 Pye lL = Tea 1004 5400 FZ, ~ 250L= 88.18 A 4, = 0.5 008(800t — 53.13°) A jwM j80 . 9 730 Za) = aap gE OLB ig = 80.cos 800t mA. = 0.08/0° AProblems 9-7 _ _ 25 x 10°/0° © Z,+28*Z ~~ 1500 -+ 76000 + (25)*(4 — j14.4) = 4453 = 5/3687 A Vi = Ve — Zils = 25,000/0° — (4 + 73)(1500 + 76000) = 37,000 — 728,500 Vo=- gg V1 = —1480 + 71140 = 1868.15/142.39° V ‘V2 _ 1868.15/142.39° 5 a = SE = 125/216.87° A bz aja98 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis Problems P91 [a] w= 2nf = 240mrad/s, {b] T= 1/f =8.33ms [e] Vn = 100V [4] v(0) = 100c0s(45°) = 70.71. — age. _45°(2m) oe fe] O= 45%) b= EG = G = 0.7854 rad [If] V =0 when 2401 + 45° = 90°. Now resolve the units: 45° T (2407 rad/s)t= Sarg = Grad, t= LOA ms (du/dt) = (-100)2407 sin(240mt + 45°) (dv/dt)=0 when 240mt + 45° = 180° 135° 3am of Wnt = as iead ~ A Therefore t= 3.125ms P92 Bacostwe¥80) BOcos(wt+30) Tt Bacostoe) cosiwes0) ‘BOcos(wt-60) [a] Left as ¢ becomes more positive ([b] Right T _ 1250 250 POS [al FE R= 250 p85P94 P95 Problems 9-9 [b] v = Vasin(wt +8) w = Inf = 4000n rad/s 4000 (=2? x 10°*) +.0-=0; © O= 7 rad = 30° f] oa v= Vsin|40007¢ + 30°] 75 =Vmsin 30°; Vm = 150V v = 150sin[4000x¢ + 30°] = 150 cos[4000z¢ — 60°] V [a] By hypothesis Ocos(wt + 4) —10w sin(wt +0) 10 = 20,0002; 20007 rad/s 1 ms = 1000 ps 3 1 = 90 — 55(860) = —144 i= 10.cos(2000nt — 144°) A [a] 170V [b] 22f= 1200; f = GOH [c] w = 1207 = 376.99 rad/s {a} 6(rad) = ele 1 ir=4 [a] 12006 aay =278ms (h] » = 1700s [1202 (1+ 233) -3 = 170cos{120nt + (15/18) — (x/3)] = 170cos120x¢ + (x/2)] = -170sin 120rtV9-10 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis (i) 1200(¢ ~ t,) — (7/3) = 120mt — (m/2) 120m. = = ims Ui] 120r(¢ ~ t.) ~ (n/3) = 120m 120mt, or P96 ua [V2 cos*(wt + ¢)at “ATL 1 5 + 5 cos(Qut + 26) dt ita fo "cost +26) at} T+e ne +26) ft] in (2) POT = V2Vims = V2(120) = 169.71 V 1 je ar 2 sin? 2, Pos [ Va sin? Frat 7/2 T/2 an VT 2 - pt) dat= [va sine (7 1) dt= 4 f (i cos rt) at a var ‘Therefore Vion = pe Ye P99 [a] The numerical values of the terms in Eq. 9.8 are Vn =100, R/L = 533.33, wh =30 VR + uD = 50 = 60°, O=tan30/40, 0 = 36.87" = [-1.84e"59" +. 2.c05(4008 +23.138°)] A, t>0 [b] Transient component = —1.84¢~559%t A, Steady-state component = 2cos(400t + 23.13°) A [ec] By direct substitution into Eq 9.9, (1.875 ms) = 133.61 mA.Problems 9-11 {d] 2A, 400rad/s, 23.13" {e] The current lags the voltage by 36.87°. P-9.10 [a] From Eq. 9.9 we have i _ Vnktcos(6 =). (njzye_ LV sin(wt + 6 ~ 0) dt VRP VRP + a Ri = ~Vnooslp — O)e(R/Dt e Vin cos(wt + ~ 0) oT VE VEAL? dip Reos(wt +d ~ 8) —whsin(ut + — 6) Le Vp, | Ore) ate VEE ATE But R wh cosé and Tao? Therefore the right-hand side reduces to Vin cos(wt + 6) At t=0, Eq. 9.9 reduces to Vn cos( — 8) , Vincos(g ~ 8) VRRP” JRL = seein cos(iut + @~ 8) ‘Therefore =0 [b} —whVin Ta nt + 6-0) Vin coe VP Reos(wt + $— 8) — wLsin(wt + ¢ — 4) VR +1? Rig = (wt + 6-0) roe + Rig | = Vm cos(wt + 6) PO. [a] ¥ = 100/45" + 500/— 60° = 483.86/~ 48.48° 1y = 483.86 cos(300t — 48.48°) [b] ¥ = 250/30° — 150/50° = 120.51/4.8° y = 120.51 cos(377t + 4.8°)912 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis fe] ¥ = 60/60" — 120/— 215° + 100/902 = y = 152.88 cos(100t + 32.94°) [d] Y = 100/40° + 100/160° + 100/— 80° =0 52.88/32.94° y=0 P 912 [al 50Hz {b] 4, = 0° 340f0° 340, , a = ape Sor Ela I =851= 00% 8 = 90" 340 ld Spa 85; wb = 400 40 _ 400 (@] b= say = SP mit = 127.32mH le] 21 = jw = 5400 P 9.13 [a] w = 2nf = 80n x 10° = 251.33 krad/s = 251,327.41 rad/s el {b] I= eo = jwO(2.5 x 1079) (0° = 2.5 x 10% 0° Ta . 6 = 90° [c] 125.66 x 10° = 2.5 x 10% wo 1 _ 25x 10% wC ~ 125.66 x 10 1 1 '8] C= Te a0() ~ GOB GOm x 10°) C=02x 10% =0.2uF = 19.892, . Xo =—19.892 le] Z=5 (3) = -j19.892 P914 [a] V,= 150/20; 1, = 30/—52° 5/2 {b] i lags vy by 72°: nf = 80007; =f =4000Hz; T= 1/f = 250s 7) iy lags vp by 35(250) = 50 usProblems 9-13 P 9.15 [a] jwL = 5(5 x 10")(40 x 10%) = 720 10° ° ocr ~ 77200} 1, = 20/200 A T ag. 20/-20° ad) 200 42 {b] V. = 20/-20°2, ei Me Matrep Ye = 0.05 + j0.05 + 0.20 — 0.40 = 0.25 — 0.358 — 0.25 — 70.35 Vo = (20/—20° )(2.32/54.46° ) = 46.4/34.46 V [e] v= 46.4c0s(5 x 104 + 34.46) V z Ze = 2.32/54.46° 0 rian a) 4000 j700n ae so0 0° ve 7 -j4000 (b) T= 300060" sige a © 400+ 7700 — 7400 ~ [ec] 1 = 1603(80008 + 23.13°) A P97 [a] = Ry jt wC} Poff, Rasp ~ wR 2° Rat (1/jwCa) — 1+ joRaO, 1+? RECP Z,=2Zy when Ry= _ LeetRict ~~ wRRC29-14 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis 500 8) Ra = Tea 105 x 10H (GRE TO = 2502 Q= —— = 500F 1 (G1 x 108)(25 « 10425 x 10-9) P918 fa) Y= 4 joc Re y= 0 wRiCP + jwCr 1" Rit (/joGh) 14 jwRiC, ~ 1+w2 RRC? Therefore Y%=Y2 when _ Lew RIC, __ a fe= anc? = Tame — L# (4 x 10°)(4 x 10°)(2500 10718) on UB] Ra = gS 05)(2 x 105)(2500 x TO) = 2500 = 2.5K 2 Cy = 0" — oar P919 [al A=R,+jwlr gy w Paldela). _ wALARa + jwlak} 2 Ro+jwlg ‘Re +wl3 wL3Ry __ Bile Bm ty when Rim eae and ln = yg _ (4 108) 1)(5 x 104) DIR = 35 Se10F Ga 105625) ~ 25% 108 Ry = 25k (25 x 10°)2.5 1 et hot 1 P920 fe] H= pe y-—2 Ry jul, 1" Ritjol, Rett Therefore Y;=Y¥j when _ B+ wlt _ RR + wnt Ra and p=Problems 9-15 25 x 10° + 10°( [b] Rp = Ie = 10x 10° Ro = 10k 50 x 10° t2= Toy 71H 1 1 1 Poa ply=7 +p otoly = 0.16 + 70.12 + 0.04 — 70.03 + j0.01 = 0.2 + j0.1 = 223.6/26.57° mS = 223.61/—26.57° V To — Y= 223.6226.57 C* Ze 100/908 ig = 2.24. cos(wt + 63.43°)A, Im = 2.24A. = 2.24/63.43° A (4000) (10° /jw625) 4000 + (10° / 7625.) 4x 10% 25 x 10%j + 108 sus + 4% 10" Oe TOF je P9.22 [a] Zap = jdw+ = jiu + =) 4x10" 100 x 10'w 10" + 6250" 7 108 + 625? 5-—_ LOR + 625? 5 x 108 + 3125u = 10° w=4x 10? = 400 rad/s (4000)(—j4000) {b] 2.4(400) = 52000 + “Too 54000 =2k0 P9238 Z =10- 400 _ (5 = j10)(10 + 30) Za 2 15 + 720 = 10-71029-16 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis 20(520) . Zy= =104; 9 = 354 309 ~ +109 + Bay = By + Za + Zs = 30 ~ j400 = 50/ = 53.13° 0 P9.24 First find the admittance of the parallel branches 1 aia + a 72" 5* 70 0.375 — j0.125S 1 1 Foiag = 24+ 9080 .04 + 70.038 = 40 + j30mS = 50/36.87° mS 1000 P 9.25 Z = 400+ 5(5)(40) — j= = 500/ — 36.8770 HN) — IEG = 36.87": 90/0 x 10-3 o ofa aes 7 1 5/86.872mA o(t) = 1.5 cos(5000¢ + 36.87°) mA. P9.26 V,=50/-45°V; I, = 100/—8.13°mA Vo 2 = 72 = 500/ = 36.87° 0 = 400 ~ j3009 a . 7 =400-+3 (004 ~ 281") *. 0.04 — aaa = -300 w+ 7500w — 62.5 x 10° = 0 “w= —3750 + y/(3750)? + 62.5 x 10° = —3750 + 8750 w>0, w= 5000rad/sProblems 9-17 P927 Z, = j(5000)(48 x 10% 2402 Zo= -————! —j802 © * (5000)(2.5 x 10-8) Construct the phasor domain equivalent cirenit 800 o2[a°ng j2400 Using current division: r= (80+ 5240) ~~ 240 = 780 + 80+ 7240 (0.2) =0.14j0.1A Vi, = 2401 = 24 + j24 = 33.04/45" Up = 33.94 c0s(5000¢ + 45°) V 1 _ 10° jwO ~ (81.25)(8000) P 9.28 40002 jwL = 78000(500)10-* = 740002 V, = 640°V ¥z20002 § sao009 (2000)(;4000) _ 3000 + 74000 = 1600+ 58009 Z Zr = 1600 + j800 — 74000 = 1600 ~ 732000918 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis _ 6, ~ 7600 — 73200 l =8+j16mA Vo = Zely = (1600 + 5800)(0.008 + 50.016) = j32 = 32/90° V Uv» = 32.cos(8000t + 90°) V P 9.29 [a] os z, ; 1200 1600 Es v0 % (40+)80)nA, 800 HONE 404A Vu = (120 + 740)(0.04/0°) = 4.8 + j1.6V 48451. P = = 2 Is = Fey jap = 20+ 520mA I, = 40/0° + (20 + j20) + (40+ j80) mA = 100+ j100mA, V, = 25le + Va = 25(0.100 + 0.100) +4.8 + j1.6 = 7.34 j4.1V [b] a, = 28.28 cos(800t + 45°) mA ig = 141.42.c05(800t + 45°) mA. vp = 8.37 cos(800t + 29.32°) V a jwC ~ 78x 10°(125) jwL = j8 x 10°(25 x 10-) (=710)(20) j10 —f102 = 7202 = 4-580Problems 9-19 20= 540)(20) _ 44 _ 5g = 44.72/—10.30°V (16 +712) Up = 44.72.c08(8 x 10°t — 10.30°) V [b] w=2nf=sx 10; fF a lcs al FO tx OTH 10.30 Fay (2-58) = 224.82 ns Up lags iy by 224.82n8 P931 I, = 15/0°mA t-_w__ jwC ~ 70.05(8000) — gwL = §8000(1.25) = j10,0000 725002 After two source transformations we have + % Paes 10 Zona 1skQ F 30kK9 oy | f10kQ ° 15KQ| BOK = 102 10% 1 1 4 . Y= Ty + Spano + jig = 10% +39) 10 ; = Tyr aK = 1,Z_ = (10)(1 — 73) = 10 — 730 = 31.62/—71.57°V vp = 31.62c0s(8000t ~ 71.57°) V9-20 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis P 9.32 tia + aa 420 Ti Va “Ip — |—risq _ t 60 fov® + Ve + ln ‘ ts v2 v. -380 =e 60 V, = 2, = 52(—95) = 10/0°V V,, = 60/0° — V, = 50/0°V L- we 50/0 © 6= 78 107= 53.13" I. —1, = 3+ j4— (—j5) =3 + j9A = 9.49/TL57 A B+ 54A I Vo = 1,(95) = (3 + 49)(95) = —45 4 f15V Vi = Vit Ve = ~45 + j15 +504 j0=5+j15V VatV,= 60/0; 2. Va=60—-5— 715 =55-—j15V 5+ f15 2 =75 — 252 P 9.33 Vp is the voltage across the ~j10Q impedance. Vi=Vo Vi, Vi 2 TFProblems 9-21 ~ V2 =40-+ 530+ (8— 54)Z Vi Vo— Zz txj0 b+ seq (40 + 730) = (20+ 530) + ¥2 Z Substituting the expression for V2 found at the start and simplifying yields Z=12+j162 P-9.34 Simplify the top triangle using series and parallel combinations: (1+ gH] - fl) = 10 Convert the lower left delta to a wye: 10 j1Q ; -j19 GY) = WO _jng “=F (DQ) =p =-s1a i+j-j = Lt oT T+il j1aQ9-22 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis ‘The resulting circuit is shown below: cC*—] fi19| 319) [12 2 | oi 319] _, > Simplify the middle portion of the circuit by making series and parallel combinations: (1+ fl Ji +1) = 1)2= 2/39 Zu = -j1+ 2/34 jl = 2/30 P9385 lal Y= Gpy agp titx Oe = at iA te ee Pe 4 j4x 10% ~ 100+ 40? ~ 100+ 42 Y, is real when = 100 + 40? 100; w= 10rad/s; ff = 5/7 = 1.59Hz Ax 10%w = ow [b] ¥,(10rad/s) = 22 = 20ms ” 500 108 Z,(10rad/s) = = 500 Z(Wrad/s) = 50 + 150 = 2002 = Voy = OM _ cogs 1 = 2994 = g9g7 = 50 mA ig = 50cos 10¢mAProblems 9-23 P9.36 fa) 2 = 4000 — 520 4. 10M). Bbw 108+ 70 _ 10° | 2 x 10*jw(104 — j2w) = 1000 F555 + oa 10? 4x 10%? | 2x 108w = 1000 F565 + TOR aut 0 a? 10% _ 0.2 x 10% Bw ~ 10 + 4a? 108 + 4a? = Su? w=105; w= 10,000rad/s [b] When w = 10,000 rad/s 4x 104108)? _ 2y = 4000 + Tos geagaye = 12,0000 4150 _ 5 ree 12.999 = 275/02mA Vo = Vy —IpZi 10° 2, = 4000 — 55a = 4000 — 40000 Vo = 45/0° — (3.75 x 10-*)(4000 — j4000) = 45 — (15 — 715) = 30+ j15 = 33.54/26.57° V Uo = 33.54 c0s(10,000t + 26.57°) V 1 93 =——=0: 8 P9387 [a] Yi = sig = 0:2 x 10-8 1 Y9 = 3000+ j0.20 1200 0.20 ~ Tad x 108 + 0.0402 Ys = jw50 x 10° 44 x 108 + 0.0442 Yr=N+Ye+¥s For ig and vg to be in phase the j component of Yr must be zero; thus, 0. o_O 50 x 10 xr SO9-24 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis or 2 0.044? + 1.44 x 10° 22 a1 =4x10° *. 0.04u? = 2.56 x 10° w = 8000 rad/s = 8krad/s 1200 [b] Yr = 0.2 x 10-° + —___,_______ 9 rs [b] Yr=0.2 x10 + Toe o0GH x08 = 05% 10S . Zp = 20002 V. (2.5 x 108 /0°)(2000) = 5/0° vp = 5cos 80008 V R = we OR P938 al 2p= BEGG) ~ 14 oRC _ 12,500 12,500 ~~ 1+ j(1000)(12,500)C ~ 1+ 712.5 x 10°C _ 12,500(1 ~ 712.5 x 10°C) 1+ 156.25 x 102? . 12,500 156.25 x 10°C ~ [156.25 x 1080? ~ 74 156.25 x 108? jwL = 71000(5) = 45000 156.25 x 10°C + 156.25 x 10C? *. 781.25 x 10°C? — 156.25 x 10°C + 5000 = 0 *. 07 — 20 x 10°°C + 64 x 10-8 = 0 "5000 » Cig = 10x 10-8 + V100 x 10-1 — 64 x 10- Cy = 10 x 10° +6 x 10-8 = 16 x 107° = 0.16 uF Cy = 10 x 10% — 6 x 10-8 = 4 x 10° = 0.04 pF 12,500 [b] Re= 1+ 156.25 x 10C? When C=160nF —-R, = 25009; 2500 nig g Ty = Seog OMA: — fy = 100c08 1000tmA When C= 40nF — Re = 10,0009 _ 250/0° ‘7 10,000 0.025/0° A; ig = 2508 1000¢mAProblems 9-25 10° P939 fa] A= 600 — [a] % = 1600 ~ a 5i76q 5 = 1600 ~ jr6008 A= 4000(j104L) _ 4 x 10°L? + f16 x 104L. * 4000+ FOL 16 + 100L? 4x 10°? 16 x 10°, =2y4+%y ea peu 2a = 21 + Za = 1000 + Fe yg ra ~ 11600 + 555 ogra Zr is resistive when 16 x 104 a 6+ 10002 ~ D?—~L+016=0 Solving, L; = 0.8 H and Ly = 0.2 H. [b] When L = 0.8 H: 4 x 10°(0.64) 16+ 64 Zr = 1600 + = 43002 96/02 *~ 48) i, = 200s 10,000 mA. x 10° = 20/0? mA When L = 0.2 H: 4 x 10°(0.04) 1644 ig = 40.c0s 10,000¢ mA. Zr = 1600 + = 24002 P-9.40 Step 1 to Step 2: ae = ~J4.167 = 4.167/—90°A Step 2 to Step 3: (g8)(24) _ (18)|24 = Fe jig = 8:04 +1120 Step 3 to Step 4: (4.167 /— 90°) (8.64 + 711.52) = 60/—36.87°V9-26 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis Step 1 _j220 j400 Step 2 iI Tjzan 75(v 2an 4.167490) 2an ja00 step 3 Step 4 9.640 411.520 ie Aen 8.640 4.167/-90°A@) 60/-36.87°vC ji1.s29 b L_________ep P 941 Step 1 to Step 2: (16/0°)(25) = 400/0° V Step 2 to Step 3: 25 +15 + j30 = (40 + 730) 2 Step 3 to Step 4: 400/0° (40 + 330) Step 4 to Step 5: 8/=36.87° A (40 + 530] — 550 Step 1 1sAPA 250: -3500 #b Step 3 step 4 #2 son . 4300 ~H00 9/-36.8T A® 450 400 *bProblems 9-27 P 9.42 [a] jwL = 7(5000)(50) x 10-* 22.36/26.565°C) ~15000 Vv Using voltage division, (250 + 5250)||(—7500) 5250 + (250 + j250)||(—7500) Vin = Vas = 20/0°V ab (23.36 /26.565°) = 20/0° [b] Remove the voltage source and combine impedances in parallel to find Zan = Za 1 1 1 Yew +1 %» = 5950 * 250+ 5250 =2-j4mS 2mm = uy = = 100+ 52009 Yab, 190d 42000 a 20/0°v ©9-28 P 9.43 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis ee jaa 122 120 30 aafo’v a2 120 TS fan @b (27 + j12)I, — 3h, = -87/0° —31, + (27 = 712), = 87/0° Solving, I, =-24167+j1.21; hy = 2.4167 + j1.21 Vimy = 12K, + (12 — f12), = 14.5/0°V Short Circuit Test: 4120 2a azn 4X 30 wh v 129 220 TD) Fane - (27 + j12)I, — 31, — 12g = —87 SI, + (27 — j12)B ~ (12 = j12)Iae = 87 121, — (12 — j12)I, + (24 ~ 712). = 0 Solving, Le = 1/0%Problems 9-29 Vin _ 14.500 Zap = Yt = MSE I. 1 Alternate calculation for Zrn: = 1452 | 120 ob OZ = 12434 12-12 = 27 - fd 36 2 “= 7 9-74 gy — 36-586 _ 12-712 2 W7—jl2 9-54 gy = 222 = 12) _ 48 ~ 548 oT ej. —rn + 0 3120 320 120 ay 2 2, Lone b 12 _ 1204+ 95) a4 jia 4 12 = 120d + 95) 9-j4- 9-94 12-f12 _ 1200-35) Bp = 124 Se 9-749-30 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis 165 — 720 Billoo = 48 — j48 Es 165 — j20 9-54 18 — 58 P 944 Ao’an Za + Dall = = 1450 5 2y oo/20 41000 +1/30°mA, Zy ink Aas'mn 1 2, | 300/-60° 732000 v7 = CLE 5 (3210) mA, Zy in ko IN TN Oa 0" OSL 5 (92108) Zn 0.3; 0.3/— 60° — 0.1/120° _ 4 /s0° 4. 3/210° 0.1/120° 0. Zy = Tho tape? 2/90° = §0.2k2 0.120" 0 Ly = Gajpqr + 1/802 = 1.5/80° mA rs/aobp j2000 mAProblems 9-31 P945 ywL = j1.6 x 10°(25 x 10-5 = 5400 1 _ 10° x 10° uO ~ jie) ~ 72 Ver = j40ly + 151g + 2515, ty = 28) _ alr 540 + 20(—9)(1 +9) = 20 + j200 = 28,28/45° 0 1 (10-8)(108) _ P 946 a= “setioyay 7 12ke 1 _ (10-*)(10°) wz —-25(5/3) x, UkQ 19Z, nA - 324K Shy + ~312K0 y, 0.1250 ame ; con Vr = (1 ~ j12)Ip + 2017 (0.125) = 24k. 5 — j12kO9-32 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis P9.47 Short circuit current 20: 10 -j20 * Tee = 20A=Iy ‘The Norton impedance is the same as the Thévenin impedance. Find it using a test source yA Be : 10 420 P 9.48 600M 31500 41509 + 0.02", Sy, ¥, 2400 + eb Vi=75 _ 0.02V,(40) _ 150(4+ 91) 40-7150 * 40-7150 ~ 0P 9.49 Problems 9-33 75(4 — j15) 16 4 75(4~j15) jis 16— 12 = 15/3687 V 120/36.87° = 96 + 7729 960 3720 a — ae 2)15/36.87°v oa 500 ¥, Vn, 25-4V2 50 *~ i000 + 7350 Solving, Vo = 1 —j0.75V = 1.25/216.87° V = Me _ 95 /0°mA 7000 Zn = 225RIGST _ 50 /36.87°0 = 40+ 7309 5 x 10-3/0° lw= .25/0° mA9-34 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis 2y = Zn = 50/36.87° = 40 + 7302 400 asfam 4309 P 9.50 [ jon Vr—aVr/10 jlo Ip _ 1, (1-e/10) _ (10~a) + j10 ~ jlo 00 _ 1000 + j100(10 — @) ~~ (10 =a)? + 100 Zp is real when a = 10. 1000 (10a)? + 100 10-a=+10; a=10F10 (10a)? = 100 a=0; a=20 But the j term can only equal the real term with a = 0. Thus, a = 0. {d] Zr, will be inductive when a < 10.P 951 P 9.52 Problems 9-35 3400 raoltve Vi=100 Vi, Vi _ 40 40 ~ 60+ 720 Solving for V; yields Vi =30-j40V _o™M _(i oa 50+ 5209) ~ (4) cy Vo = 15+ j5V = 15.81/18.43° V jul = j(5000)(0.4 x 10-%) = 720 a 10° uC ~~ (5000)(50) jan Vor = 10/53.13" = 6 + 58V V2 = 8/=90" = -j8V 320 Vo -440 . - (6+38)VC le =) -i8v + =6-38 | Ve, Vot(-i8) _ “2 tet oa 7° Solving, V. = 12/0" volt) = 12.c0s5000¢V9-36 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis P9538 jwk = j10*(1.2 x 10 f120 V. = 100/— 90° ‘V» = 500/0° = 500V -1202 j12Q 20Q + - 41000) v, 2800 Osoov x, 2 x v Mi, Vi= 500 | Vi + j100 80 20 Fiz Solving, V, = 160/53.13° V = 96 + 128V 7128 100 — 500 = 14 — j17 = 22.02/— 129.477 A 4, = 22.02.c0s(10,000¢ ~ 129.47°) A _ 300 ~ 96 ~ 128 , 500+ 7100 h 20 — 720 = 15.2 + j18.6 = 24.02/50.74° A iy = 24.02 c0s(10,000t + 50.74°) AProblems 9-37 P 9.54 Vig J ~i5v -isv Vo , VorJ5 , Vo-Vi pts + op (5 + 76)V_ + 10V; = 30 ~ j15 = 17.49/~ 59.04 V 4400 a + y 322, am@) vy, 2200 250 F-3500 Vo, V. so +2 +30, =0 35 =760 ** (2+ 3)Vo = —16001, Vo = (~640 + 5320)1, Vi = (Vo/4) b= ag Vi = (-160+ 7120)1,9-38 P 9.56 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis vi I= 95 tHe (8+ jo + To = (-7 + J6Mo y= A a 1.4 - j.2 A = 1.84/— 139.40 A T= pag NEHA = 18/2 V, = (640 + j320)L, = 1280-+ 5320 = 1819.30/14.04° V ce, Mo, Vo-28ta , Vo —15/0° + 8 + 75 =j0 Vo a= ip Solving, V, = 72+ 596 = 120/53.13° V Vv. =60/0°V; Vp = 90/90°V ju = j(4 x 10*)(125 x 107°) = 750 -j —j10® F —_—I10" _ _ jon Fo,oooa) ~ 7° 2002 -j200 ale “Y say Di90v r 60 = (20 + j5)L, — j5Ty 590 = —751, — 15h, Solving, I, = 2.25 — j2.25 A; I, = —6.75 + j0.75.A 1, a, = 9-53 = 9.49/— 18.43" A io(t) = 9.49 cos(40,000¢ — 18.43°) AP 9.58 P 9.59 Problems 9-39 From the solution to Problem 9.52 the phasor-domain cireuit is 10/53.13°v © ®) 8/-90°v 10/53.13° = (6 + j2)lh — ly 8/-90° = 61, + (6 — j4)Ib Vo= (h-h)6 Solving, Vo = 1200°V volt) = 12.c0s 5000¢ V wad \ Fyn VY O-iv #31, + 5(I, — Ty) — 73(L, — 5) = 0 J2(y ~ 5) + 5(L, 1.) — 55 =0 Solving, L=-93; 1, =-j8=3/-90°A9-40 P 9.60 P 961 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis 2f0°n & sf gD Qsole’v 100/0° = (5 + j5)h — 5Iz — 75s 50/0° + (5-75) + j5Is 10/0? = — 751; + j5I2 + SIs Solving, 1, =58-j20A; b=58+j10A; 15 =28+j0A I,=15+2=30+4j0A i 1, —Iy = 58 — j20 — 28 = 30 — 720A T; ~ Is = 58 + j10 ~ 28 = 30+ j10A Ig = 1h — Ip = 58 — j20— 58 — j10 = —j30A jw = j5000(14 x 10-*) = 700 Ty j70Q -j400 502 + nigv (71, 16092%, ‘5901, - 72(0° = (50 + j70)L, ~ 501, + 590(—T)P 9.62 P 9.63 P 9.64 Problems 9-41 0 = ~50L, ~ 590(—I,) + (210 — j400)h, Solving, Ty = (50 — 50) mA V, = 1601, = 8 — j8 = 11.31/45" Up = 11.31 cos(5000t — 45°) V 10° (5000)(0.25) Zz = 300 + 52000 + 600 — 800 = 900 + 712002 = 1500/53.13° 2. = 600 —j = 600 — j8002 50/— 106.26° V v5 = 50.cos(5000t — 106.26") V 1 10° ju ~~ i098 jul = j(500)(1) = 5000 =71002 Let 2 =50-j1009; Zp = 250+ 75000 I, = 125/0°mA 1,2; __ 125/0°(50 ~ j100) L Z+Z_, (300+ 7400) = ~12.5 ~ j25mA = 27.95/ = 116.57? mA i, = 27.95 cos(500t — 116.57°) mA v,=120v; +,=-2% - jon 9 OTN FG ~ F100 ~~ = voltage across 1 F capacitor, positive at upper terminal = (0.48 — j0.24)V —20V,. 10.73/153.43° V p= 10.73.c0s(100t + 153.43°) V9-42 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis P 9.65 200kQ v axa aa] F 1.2/0 1 a jar] 4 ame -10v 1.2/0° T0000 + jwOoV, + ——— 12 Va= 357100, V. = -20V, (see solution to Prob. 9.73) 24 24/180° ve 2+ jl0°C, 2+ 710°C, 10,000 ~ - denominator angle = 60° tan 60° = V3 use =V3 2v3 ot Co = Tog = 2V3 uF = 3.46 uF 24/180" [b oe = — > = 6/100 V BL Ve jaya ~ Ame Y» = 6 cos(100t + 120°) V P 9.66 [a] V, =2/0°V Vp= mV e = 6h: Vi, = Vp = 1.6/0°V 6 | 16-V. a (200)(1/jwC) 200+ (1/j0C) o 1 a —j10® = —j100kQ joC~ Fi0(0.1)—Problems 9-43 - Zp = at 2 Vo= 16 + 9p = 2-908 =2. Up = 2.15 c05(10°t ~ 21.80°) V [b] V, = 0.8Vn/0°; Va = Vp = 0.8Vin/0 0.8Vin , 0.8Vin = Vo 160 ~ 40 — 780 “Vo = 0.8Vin + a /ra(0.8) = 0.8Vn(1.25 — 70.5) . |0.8Vn(1.25 — 70.5)| < 5 “Vin < 4.64V oo ee Jw, ~ F10°(100) ~ P 9.67 ~j10k2 40kQ ~410KQ 20KQ | 10K Va. =720 (-2497)Va— 5Vo = 740 O-Ve9-44 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis y= DO. = 0.8 + 35.6 = 5.657 8L87°V T+9 vo(t) = 5.657 cos(10°t + 81.87°) V 1 10° P968 fl Sa axiHGaH Va, Va~Ve 200 * "7400 Vo_ _ Vn y _Va_ =3400 ~ 200 * =F400 Vo = Vn — §2Vn = (1 §2)Van —§4002 V_ (1/260) P 300+ (1/jwC,) 1+ 7(500)(2 x 10°)G, V, = 10/0°V 10/0” »" Te jG, ~ Y* (1 52)10/0% 0 T+ F108 Fito) IV. vd(U =1 Wel yi+ 10"? Solving, Co = 20nF _ 101-32) _ ° [b] Ve= = 10/— 126.87 Up = 10¢0s(2 x 10°t — 126.87°) V P9.69 [a] poet 3 +Problems 9-45 Because the op-amps are ideal Ti, = Ip, thus Va» ~ Vo “Tn 1? oO Ee Vor = Vani Vor = Vo = Vea =—K Van too V8 CKVin) _ (14 KV Z Zz Vin z fw = We = TR ** TEKVa 1 [b] Z= ju! Cup = C(1+ K) P9.70 [a] Superposition must be used because the frequencies of the two sources are different. {b] For w = 80,000 rad/s: 200 ~j100 +e sve vrf 3100 Wo=5 Vi, Vo 20” j10 ~ =F10 1 1 1 5 “(bes 710 * =j10) ~ 20 Vi, = 5U0eV 1, 5 = 500/— 90° mA For w = 320,000 rad/s: 200 ~12,50 + a vert 5400 D2siv 2040 = 16 + 7829-46 POL P 9.72 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis B+I8 oy 59 16+ 78— jer pas?” (0°) = 2.643/7.59° V- ov “= = 66.08/—82.4° mA 70 ‘Thus, ‘i(t) = (500 sin 80,000t + 66.08 cos(320,000t ~ 82.4°)] mA, t>0 [a] Superposition must be used because the frequencies of the two sources are different. {b] For w = 2000 rad/s: 420 ~i5s0 20L36.a TVG Va $100 2-54 aS 31.62/— 55.3" Ij 62/ = 55.3°V 10-75 = (20/ = 36.877 =f4Q 9 Va= For w = 5000 rad/s: 350 420 Vig $ 102 10A6.26°V J5|)10 = 2+ 540 ated 5(10/16.26°) = 15.81/34.69° V Va= sy Thus, v9(t) = [31.62 .cos(2000t — 55.3°) + 15.81 cos(5000t + 34.69°)] V, ¢>0 [a] juts = jks = 5(10,000)(1 x 10-%) = 5100 jwM = j(10,000)(0.5 x 10-%) = 752Problems 9-47 soa) 150 zou! 200 = (5 + j10)Iy + 55s 0 = j8ly + (15 + j10)T, Solving, Iy=10-j15A; 1, =-5A ig = 18.03 cos(10,000¢ — 56.31°) A ‘iz, = 5.cos(10,000¢ — 180°) A. M [b} hap = Ot = 03 [e] When t = 507 us, 10,000¢ = (10,000)(502) x 10-* = 0.5m = x/2rad = 90° ig(50np8) = 18.03 c0s(90 — 56.31°) = 15.A i,(50mps) = 5.cos(90 + 180°) = 0A w= Sid + la + Minin = 5(1x 10-15)? +0+0=112.5m3 When ¢ = 100r ps, 10,000t = rad = 180° i,(100mps) i,(100nus) = 5A -10A w= 3a x 1079)(10)? + 5a x 107%)(5)? + 0.5 x 10°(—10)(5) P 9.73 [a] jwLs = 5(50)(5) = 72509 GwLy = j(50)(20) = 710000 1 10° jwC ~ 7(50 x 105)(40) — 750029-48 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis » Zaz = 75 + 300 + 51000 ~ 7500 = 375 + 55002 Zig = 375 — 75000 M = ky L112 = 10k x 10° wM = (50)(10k) = 500k 2 [Fe (375 — 500) = k2(240 — 7320) 2 Zin = 120 + 5250 + 240k? — 5320k [Zin] = [(120 + 240k)? + (250 — 320K2)?]3 (120 + 240k)? + (250 — 320%2)?}-# x (2(120 + 2404) 480k + 2(250 — 320K2)(~640K)] dl <7 = 0 when 960K(120 + 240K) — 1280k(250 — 320K”) = 0 = 0.32; 1. k= V032 = 0.5657 [b] Zin (mim) = 120 + 240(0.32) + j[250 — 0.32(320)] = 196.8 + 7147.6 = 246/36.87° 0 Th (max) = Tees = 15/= 36.87 A iy (peak) =15A Note — You can test that: the k value obtained from setting d|Zia|/d¢ = 0 leads to a minimum by noting 0 < k <1. If k=1, Zin = 360 — §70 = 366.74/ — 11° 2 ‘Thus, (inlet > (Zink vgs kk =0, Ziq = 120 + 250 = 27.31/64.36° 2 Thns, [Znlemo > |Ziale-vosaP 9.74 P 9.75 P 9.76 Problems 9-49 Zn, = 30 + 5200 + (50/25)(15 — 720) = 90 + 71202 225/02 Vn 15 + 720 (50) = 450/36.87° V 909 4120 warn ee 450/56.87° v (ims) {_.________ea jwl, = j(25 x 10*)(3.2 x 10°) = j802 Gog = j(25 x 10°)(12.8 x 10 10° BB x 105)(250) ~ 71608 0) GoM = j(25 x 10°)ky/(3.2)(12.8) x 10™ = j160kK Zea = 40 + 5320 — 5160 = 40 + 71609. Zin = 40 — 1602 2 Z, (40 — j160) = 37.647k? — j150.588k? 160k [40+ 7160} Zay = 10 + j80 + 37.647k? — 5150.588K" = (10 + 37.647K") + 7(80 — 150.588K?) Za is resistive when 80—150.588k7=0 or k® = 0.53125 Zay = 10 + (37.647)(0.53125) = 30 [a] jwL2 = j(500)10*(500)10~* = 72502 a 10° = Go ~ F(600 x 105)(20) Zag = 150 + 50 + 5250 — j100 = 200 + 71509 Zin = 200 — j1500 wM = (500 x 10*)(100 x 10-%) —710029-50 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis [b] Zap = Ri + jwL, +8 ~56 jwly = j(500 x 10°)(80 x 10-*) = j400 Zuy = 20+ 7340 P 9.77 ae POL, tas a) th] Sb 7s v, | Ve | v, Zi] be ideal * ideal _ 2500V3 251 625 Ty = 42, = 4(200 + 150) = (800 + 600) 0 P9.78 In Eq. 9.69 replace w®M? with kw*L,L» and then write Xu as _ Ku" LyLa(wha +wL1) Xow la Fa (ala + wl)? = wh, {1 - Pelwlatuls) * FR + (ely Fwlr For Xq, to be negative requires Rhy + (wLy + why)? < Kwlo(wh2 + hr) or Roy + (why + whr)? — Pwlawle + wy) <0Problems 9-51 which reduces to By + wL3(1 — k*) + Low, (2k) +L? <0 But & <1 hence it is impossible to satisfy the inequality. Therefore Xq, can never be negative if X,, is an inductive reactance. P9.79 _ LZ (M1/No + 1)(1+ Mi /Na)L, _ Zr, © T+ (/N)P {b] Assume dot on the No coil is moved to the lower terminal. Then 2a QED. M __™M Vis —3,Va and =~ 3h As before Zu = V2 and Vi + Va = Zi ~TFb ees Len Vo aan ~ (= ™/Nyh _ 2 © [= (NP (M1/N2) Phy Zany QED.9-52 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis P9.80 [a] + MEM az.) Vo, = ‘| 2 a qt - 1 — Va» _ Vit Veo fy = P= OT Vi _ V2 Na Bi v,=™ M7 Ny’ 2 Yt M MLh=Mk, b= ral VitVam (FE 41) Vem (14 a, = LEMMING) Zh ry, = LENA) Za i a= (1+™)'z, Qup w= (1+) Zs. [b] Assume dot on N2 is moved to the lower terminal, then Ny 2Vy As in part [a] Vv; Vi=(+h)% and 24,= Vt (1—Mi/Na)V2 _ Ny/No)(1 — Ni /No)Zi1h Lay Zap = [L~(Mi/N2)}? Z, QED.Problems 9-53 240, 240 . Post [al T= 55+ 55 = (0-J7.5)A 240/0° + (0.1 + j0.8)(10 — 77.5) = 247 + 97.25 = 247.11 /1.68° V [b] Use the capacitor to eliminate the j component of I, therefore 240 La=i15A, Z= ae 40 + (0.1 + J0.8)10 = 241 + 78 = 241.13/1.90° V 322 ve. [c] Let J, denote the magnitude of the current in the capacitor branch. Then I= (10 ~ 57.5 + jl.) = 10+ j(Io—7.5) A 240/a = 240 + (0.1 + 70.8)[10 + (Ie — 7.5)] = (247 — 0.81) + j(7.25 + 0.1.) It follows that 240 cosa = (247- 0.81.) and 240sina = (7.25 + 0.11.) Now square each term and then add to generate the quadratic equation 22 — 605.77[, + 5325.48 =0; I, = 302.88 + 203.96 ‘Therefore J, = 8.92 (smallest value) and Z, = 240/38.92 = —}26.909. P 9.82 The phasor domain equivalent circuit is . , 1 VE oe te -$ : IRZR, 5 v,/0” UMS + aye + Ra ~ jXc As Ry varies from 0 to 00, the amplitude of v, remains constant and its phase angle increases from 0° to -180°, as shown in the following phasor diagram:9-54 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis P 9.83 x 0.20 41.62 . +7 % 7 y, aaofo've 22a § 3220 . Oy 440 = 0A = 50-72 = (0.2 + j1.6)(20 ~ j20) = 36 + 528 = 45.61/37.87° V(rms) Ve = 440/0° + Ve = 476 + 528 = 476.82/3.37° V [b] Ye, aaa % [ce] b= 2 AO = 204508 = 722 Ve = (0.2 + j1.6)(20 + j0) = 4+ 32 = 32.25/82.87" ‘Vi, = 440 + Ve = 444 + 932 = 445.15/4.12"Problems 9-55 120, 240 ; wo P984 fa) Lh = Sp + ayy ggg ~ 2329 ~ 18-71 = 27-02/—30.5" A b= 120 240 ; on gm et gag jog ~ 2829 —518.71 = 31.44/-25.87" A 120 aay 120 an, = Fp mea; = Fy = 1A 240 - To = gay jeg ~ 18-29 f13.71 = 22.86/-36.87° A [b] When fuse A is interrupted, =0 13 =15A Is =10A =10+5=15A W=-5A Ib=5A [c] The clock and television set were fed from the uninterrupted side of the circuit, that is, the 120 load includes the clock and the TV set. [d] No, the motor current drops to 5A, well below its normal running value of 22.86 A. [e] After fuse A opens, the current in fuse B is only 15 A. P 9.85 ‘The circuit is redrawn, with mesh currents identified: Tp 19 «| fe ; + zoho v 5 noite j]]/— 39 "| . 7 sally) ea at 19 * ‘The mesh current equations are: 120/0° = 231, — 2, — 201, 120/0° = ~21, + 431, — 401. 0 = -201, — 401, + 701. Solving, 1, =24/0°A I, = 21.96/0° A T. = 19.40/0° A9-56 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis The branch currents are: h 24/0 A bh=-L=204/0° Ty =I, = 21.96/0°A =I. = 19.40/0° A Ib=L-1.=46/0°A Te = 1, - L. = 2.55/0° A {b] Let \ be the mmber of turns on the primary winding; because the secondary winding is center-tapped, let 2N2 be the total turns on the secondary. From Fig. 9.58, 13,200 _ 240 Nd NM 3N, WN,” io The ampere turn balance requires Nil, = Nol + Nols Therefore, 1 N, Ly hth) = 79 (24 + 21.96) = 0.42/0° A P 9.86 ; Ee AR. 0 c . * 1z0/0 v ened 13.2/0° S ~) 190 oe raofo’v 200 _ eas The three mesh current equations are 120/0° = 231, — 2h, ~ 201, 120/0° = —21, + 23K, — 201. 0 = ~201, — 200, + 501. Solving, I, = 24/0° A; Ty, = 24/0° A; I. = 19.2/0° A h=1,-1,=0AProblems 9-57 P987 [al 436A 1 pig 24+ 29) = 0.022 50.020 125, ) . 0.0207," 50.02 125, 125 = (R-+-0.05 + j0.05)Iy — (0.03 + 0.03)In — RIy 125 = —(0.03 + 50.03)I; + (R + 0.05 + j0.05)Ip ~ Rs Subtracting the above two equations gives R + 0.08 + j0.08)L; — (R + 0.08 + j0.08)Iy =k © =h-b=0A fb] Vi=RGL-b); Va= Ra —h) fe] Since I, = Iz (from part {a]) Vi = Vo 0.022 50.020 [c] When the two loads are equal, more current is drawn from the primary. 3 602. 6002 128, 0.022 50.020 100 250 = (660.04 + j0.04)1, — 6601, 0 = ~6601, + 6701,9-88 CHAPTER 9. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis Solving, I, = 25.275945/ — 0.2: Ty = 24.898692/— 0.231713" = 24,898488 — 70.100694 A 4° = 25.275738 — j0.10222A iL ~ I, = 0.37725 — 0.001526 A Vi = 601, = 22.635 — j0.09156 = 22.635185/— 0.231764° V ‘V2 = 6001, = 226.35 — 70.9156 = 226.35185/— 0.231764° V ta) 0.02Q 40.029 wid) de 3,6 t,! ) 600Q 0.0207," 50.020 Lg en] 125, 125 = (60.05 + 70.05)I, — (0.03 + 30.03) — 601s 125 = ~(0.03 + J0.03)Ih + (600.05 + 40.05) — 60013 0 601, — 60012 + 67013 Solving, Ty = 26.97/ = 0.24° = 26.97 — 0.113 Ty = 25.10/ = 0.24" = 25.10 — j0.104. Ty = 24.90/ — 0.24° = 24.90 — 0.1044 V1 = 60(h, — Is) = 124.4/-0.27°'V V2 = 600(Ip ~ Ig) = 124.6/—0.20°-V [e] Because an open neutral can result in severely unbalanced voltages across the 125 V loads. P 9.88 [a] Let Ny = primary winding turns and 22 = secondary winding turns. ‘Then 14,000 _Problems 9-59 I, — 40.10) = 4514 —jL8mA In part d), pM = 1M, +2 N, “Ips yi(h +h) = ps. .97 — 0.11 + 25.10 — 70.10) 1 40.22) = 7qg (62.07 — 30.22) I, = 464.9 — j1.9mA {b] Yes, because the neutral conductor carries non-zero current whenever the load is not balanced.