25 2 Vol 25 No 2

2016 6 Journal of Henan Institute of Education Natural Science Edition Jun 2016

doi 10 3969 / j issn 1007 0834 2016 02 004

1 2

1 450046 2 450044

x

O172 2 A 1007 0834 2016 02 0013 04

1

1
U
1 U ab
2 abxx + dx
U ab
f x dx f x dx U
b
dU = f x dx U = a
f x dx
1
2 r h
1 1 OC = hOA = rOD = yBD =
x x 0hxx + dx x
1
x +dx x Fig 1 Infinitesimal of circular table
OC h OA r
dx AOC ADB = = = y =
BD x AD r y

( ) ( )
2
r 1 1 x x A1 x = y2 = r2 1 1 x
h h

2016 01 31
11501175 2014160
1972
 14 2016

( )
2
dV1 = A1 x dx = r2 1 1 x dx 1
h

( ) ( )
h 2
V = r2 1 1 x dx = r2 h
1 1 3 h = r2 h
0 h 3
1 x
h 0
3
2 2 OC = hOB = r GF = h1
x rrxx + dx x x + dx
x dx
OC h OB r
x ABC DEF = = = h1 =
GF h1 GE r x2
2

h
r2 x2 x
r
1 h h
A2 x = 2GEh1 = r2 x2 r2 x2 = r2 x2
2 r r

h 2
dV2 = A2 x dx = r x2 dx 2
r
2
Fig 2 Infinitesimal of prismoid

( )
r r
h 2 2h 1 4
V = 2
0 r

r x2 dx =
r
r2 x x3
3 0
= r2 h
3
2
3
y y = f x dx + o x f x dx
y = F x f x = F' x dy
y = dy + o x 3
3
y dy
y dy = o x lim = 0 4
x0 x
y dy
dy y dy = o x lim = 0 dy
x0 x
4
1 y dx y y + dy
2 2
V = y + y + dy + y y + dy dx = y2 + dy 2
+ ydy dx
3 3
2 2
V dV1 = y + dy + ydy dx y2 dx = dy 2
+ ydy dx
3 3

V dV1
lim = lim dy 2 + ydy = 0
x
x0 x0 3
2
dx = x x 0 dy 0 dV1 = A1 x dx = y dx
V
2 DEF
dx dV2 x
h
DEF z = h x2 + y2 z = 0
r
3
x rrxx + dx x
x + dx x 3
Fig 3 Infinitesimal of parabolic
dx x x
2 15

x ABC

( )
r2 x2 r2 x2 h
h
A3 x = r2 x2
h
r
x2 + y2 dy = 2 0
h
r
x2 + y2 dy =

( 1
( 1 x2
( )))
2 2
2h y y x2 + y2 + ln y + x + y 0
r2 x2 =
r 2 2 x

( 1 x2
( )) hx2 hx2
2 2
2h r2 x2 r2 x2 ln r x + r = h r2 x2 ln r2 x2 + r + ln x
2 2r x r r

dV3 = A3 x dx = ( h r 2
x2
hx2
r
ln r2 x2 + r +
hx2
r
ln x dx ) 5

( h r x hxr ln r x + r + hxr ln x ) dx =
r r 2 2
V = 2 0
A3 x dx = 2
0
2 2 2 2

r r r
2h 2h
2h 0
r
2
x dx
r
2
x ln r x + r dx +
r
2
x ln xdx
0
2 2

0
2
6

r 2
r
0
2 2
r x dx = 4
7
r r

x ln r x + r dx = 13 ln r x + r d x = 1 r
2 2 2 2 2 3
x3 ln r2 x2 + r 0
0 0 3
r r
1 1 1 1 x
3 3
3 2 2 3 3
x d ln r x + r = r ln r x dx =
3 2 2 2 2
0
r 0 x +r r x
1 3 1 r
x4
r2 x2 + r r2 x2
dx
3
r ln r +
3 0

x = rsin t x 0 r t 0
2

r
1 1 2 r4 sin4 t
0
x2 ln r2 x2 + r dx = r3 ln r +
3 3 0 r2 cos t + r2 cos2 t
rcos tdt =

3 4
1 3 r 2 1 cos t sin t 1 3 r3 2

3
r ln r +
3 0 1 cos2 t
dt =
3
r ln r +
3
0
sin2 t sin2 tcos t dt =

( )

1 3 r3 t 1 2 r3 1 2 1 3 r3 r3 1
r ln r + sin 2 t sin3 t = r ln r + =
3 3 2 4 0
3 3 0 3 3 4 3 3
3
1 3 r r3
r ln r + 8
3 12 9
r r r r

x ln xdx = 13 ln xd x
0
2

0
3
=
1
3
x3 ln x r
0
1
3 x d ln x
0
3
=
1
3
x3 ln x r
0
1
3 x dx =
0
2

1 3 1 1 1 3 r3
r ln r lim x3 ln x x3 r
0
= r ln r 9
3 3 x0 9 3 9
7 8 9 6

( ) ( ) = 2r h 6hr
2 3 2 2 2
V = 2h
r

2h 1 3 r r3 + 2h 1 3 r3 =
hr

r ln r + r ln r
4 r 3 12 9 r 3 9 3
dV3 = A3 x dx V V = dV3 + o x
dV2 = A2 x dx V V dV2 = o x

V dV2 = dV3 + o x dV2 = ( h r 2

x2
hx2
r
ln r2 x2 + r +
hx2
r
h
ln x dx + o x r2 x2 dx
r )

 16 2016

V dV2 hx2 hx2 o x h

lim = lim h r2 x2 ln r2 x2 + r + ln x + r2 x2 =
x0 x x0 r r x r
2 2
hx hx h
h r2 x2 ln r2 x2 + r + ln x r2 x2 0
r r r

V dV2 o x
dV2 = A2 x dx V x
2
A2 x dx V
5

dy = f x dx dy y dy
x dy y

1 M 6
2007 273 278
2 J 17 1 49 51
2008

Misunderstand of Infinitesimal Method Application

WANG Jianping1 ZHANG Xiangwei2

1 Department of Information and Management ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450046China
2 School of Mathematics and StatisticsZhengzhou Normal UniversityZhengzhou 450044China

Abstract The sharpest tool in solving practical problems with integral is the micro element methodwhich is the
focus of Higher Mathematics and it is also the difficulty Whileit ignores the necessary condition that the error
between the approximate replacement amount and the part is a higher order infinitesimal of x when constructing
infinitesimalthus the wrong infinitesimal leads to the mistake of the problem
Key words approximate replacement amount infinitesimal infinitesimal method higher order infinitesimal
integration