Dave Arneson
David Lance "Dave" Arneson (October 1, 1947[2]
April 7, 2009) was an American game designer best
known for co-developing the rst published role-playing
game (RPG), Dungeons & Dragons, with Gary Gygax,
in the early 1970s.[3] Arnesons early work was funda-
mental to the development of the genre, developing the
concept of the RPG using devices now considered to be
archetypical, such as adventuring in dungeons, using a
neutral judge, and having conversations with imaginary
characters to develop the storyline.[4]
Arneson discovered wargaming as a teenager in the
1960s, and began combining these games with the con-
cept of role-playing. He was a University of Minnesota
student when he met Gygax at the Gen Con gaming con-
vention in the late 1960s. In 1970 Arneson created the
game and ctional world that became Blackmoor, writ-
ing his own rules and basing the setting on medieval fan-
tasy elements. Arneson showed the game to Gygax the
following year, and the pair co-developed a set of rules
that became Dungeons & Dragons (D&D). Gygax subse-
quently founded TSR, Inc. to publish the game in 1974.
Arneson worked briey for the company.
Arneson left TSR in 1976, and led suit in 1979 to retain
credits and royalties on the game. He continued to work
as an independent game designer, briey worked for TSR
again in the 1980s, and continued to play games for his
entire life. Arneson also did some work in computer pro-
gramming, and taught computer game design and game
rules design at Full Sail University from the 1990s until
shortly before his death in 2009.
1 Experience with miniature
wargaming
Arnesons role-playing game design work grew from his
interest in wargames. His parents bought him the board
wargame Gettysburg by Avalon Hill in the early 1960s.
After Arneson taught his friends how to play, the group
began to design their own games[5] and tried out new ways
to play existing games. Arneson was especially fond of
naval wargames.[6] Exposure to role-playing inuenced
his later game designs. In college history classes he role-
played historical events, and preferred to deviate from
recorded history in a manner similar to what if scenar-
ios recreated in wargames.[7]
In the late 1960s[5] Arneson joined the Midwest Mil-
itary Simulation Association (MMSA), a group of Arneson playing Blackmoor at ConQuesT 2006
1
miniature wargamers and military gurine collectors in
the Minneapolis-St. Paul area that included among its
ranks future game designer David Wesely. Wesely as-
serts that it was during the Braunstein games he created
and refereed, and in which other MMSA members par-
ticipated, that Arneson helped develop the foundations
of modern role-playing games on a 1:1 scale basis by
focusing on non-combat objectivesa step away from
wargaming towards the more individual play and varied
challenges of later RPGs.[8][9] Arneson was a participant
in Weselys wargame scenarios, and as Arneson contin-
ued to run his own scenarios he eventually expanded them
to include ideas from The Lord of the Rings and Dark
Shadows.[10] Arneson took over the Braunsteins when
Wesely was drafted into the Army, and often ran them
in dierent eras with dierent settings.[11]:6 Arneson had
also become a member of the International Federation of
Wargamers by this time.[11]:6
In 1969 Arneson was a history student at the University of
Minnesota and working part-time as a security guard.[12]
He attended the second Gen Con gaming convention in
August 1969 (at which time wargaming was still the pri-
mary focus) and it was at this event that he met Gary Gy-
gax,[13][14] who had founded the Castle & Crusade So-
ciety within the International Federation of Wargamers
in the 1960s at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, not far from
Arnesons home in Minnesota.[5][12] Arneson and Gygax
also shared an interest in sailing ship games and they co-
authored the Don't Give Up The Ship! naval battle rules,
serialized from June 1971 and later published as a single
volume in 1972 by Guidon Games with a revised edition
by TSR, Inc. in 1975.[12][15]
2 Blackmoor
2 3 DUNGEONS & DRAGONS

Following the departure of David Wesely to armed ser- 3 Dungeons & Dragons
vice duty in October 1970, Arneson began to imagine
a medieval fantasy style Braunstein wherein the players
explored the dungeons of a castle inhabited by fantastic
monsters.[16][17][18] Arneson adjusted his Braunsteins to
allow players to play themselves in the Barony of Black-
moor, where they would escort caravans, ght against the
forces of evil, and delve into the sewers beneath Castle
Blackmoor - which originated in a plastic kit that Arneson
had of a Sicilian castle.[11]:6 Originally Arneson played
his own mix of rules and used rock, paper, scissors to re-
solve combat, but later adapted elements from his naval
wargame rules which had an armor class system like that
later used in D&D. I had spent the previous two days
watching about ve monster movies on channel 5s 'Crea-
ture Feature' weekend, reading several Conan books (I
cannot recall which ones, but I always thought they were
all pretty much the same), and stung myself with pop-
corn, doodling on a piece of graph paper. At the time,
I was quite tired of my Nappy (Napoleonic) campaign
with all its rigid rules and was rebelling against it.[19]
The Fantasy combat system appearing in the Chainmail
rules, written by Gygax and Je Perren and published
in the spring of 1971, were also applied for a short
time.[10] Finding those lacking, Arneson wrote modied
rules to apply to his role-playing game scenarios.[5][7][12]
The game that evolved from those modications to Chain-
mail was the game Blackmoor, which modern players of Gary Gygax co-created the Dungeons & Dragons game with Ar-
D&D would describe as a campaign setting rather than a neson
complete game. The gameplay would be recognizable
to modern D&D players, featuring the use of xed hit In November 1972, Arneson and David Megarry trav-
points, armor class, character development, and dungeon eled to Lake Geneva to meet with Gary Gygax. Arne-
crawls. This setting was eshed out over time and con- son thought that Gygax would be interested in Megarrys
tinues to be played to the present day.[20] Arneson de- Dungeon! boardgame, which Megarry had developed as
scribed Blackmoor as roleplaying in a non-traditional a player in Blackmoor, and Gygax had expressed a de-
medieval setting. I have such things as steam power, gun- sire to play a game of Blackmoor itself.[26] After playing
powder, and submarines in limited numbers. There was in the Blackmoor game Arneson refereed, Gygax almost
even a tank running around for a while. The emphasis immediately began a similar campaign of his own which
is on the story and the roleplaying.[19] Details of Black- he called Greyhawk and asked Arneson for a draft of his
moor and the original campaign, which was by then es- playing rules.[12] The two then collaborated by phone and
tablished on the map of the Castle & Crusade Society's mail, and playtesting carried out by their various groups
Great Kingdom,[21] were rst brought to print briey and other contacts. Gygax and Arneson wanted to publish
in issue #13 of the Domesday Book, the newsletter of the the game, but Guidon Games and Avalon Hill rejected it.
Castle & Crusade Society in July 1972, and later in much- Arneson could not aord to invest in the venture.[9][17][27]
expanded form as The First Fantasy Campaign, published
Gygax felt that there was a need to publish the game
by Judges Guild in 1977.[22]
as soon as possible, since similar projects were being
Although much of what was later deemed to be "Tolkien- planned elsewhere, so rules were hastily put together and
inuenced in D&D and the concept of adventuring in Arnesons own nal draft was never used.[9] Despite all
dungeons[23] originated with Blackmoor, as a setting it this, Brian Blume eventually provided the funding re-
was not purely fantasy-oriented, as it incorporated recent quired to publish the original Dungeons & Dragons set
history and science ction elements. These are visible in 1974, with the initial print run of 1,000 selling out
much later in the DA module series published by TSR within a year and sales increasing rapidly in subsequent
(particularly City of the Gods), but were also present from years.[5][17] Further rules and a sample dungeon from
the early to mid-1970s in the original campaign and paral- Arnesons original campaign (the rst published RPG
lel and intertwined games run by John Snider, whose rule- scenario in a professional publication) were released in
set developed from these adventures and was intended for 1975 in the Blackmoor supplement for D&D, named af-
publication by TSR from 1974 as the rst science ction ter the campaign setting.[6] The supplement oered lit-
RPG.[24][25] tle in the way of details from Arnesons actual campaign,
 3

however.[19] Blackmoor showed D&D as Arneson imag- Fantasy role-playing game (1981).[11]:39[19] The company
ined it; as he had not been able to work with the nal also put out about a half-dozen Tkumel related books,
proofs of the original game, this was his rst opportu- due to Arnesons friendship with M. A. R. Barker.[11]:39
nity to present his take on the game. He included new Adventure Games was protable, but Arneson found the
classes for monks and assassins, more monsters, and Theworkload to be excessive and nally sold the company
Temple of the Frog, the rst published RPG adventure to Flying Bualo.[32] Flying Bualo picked up the rights
for other people to run.[11]:8 Although the book bore the
to Adventure Games in 1985; because Arneson owned a
settings name, it focused more on Arnesons house rulesportion of Flying Bualo, he let them take care of the rest
rather than background material.[11]:388 of the companys stock and IP when he shut the company
[11]:39
Arneson formally joined TSR as their Director of Re- down.
search at the beginning of 1976 but left at the end of While Gary Gygax was president of TSR in the mid-
the year to pursue a career as an independent game 1980s, he and Arneson reconnected, and Arneson briey
designer.[16][28] relinked Blackmoor to D&D[5] with the DA (Dave Ar-
neson) series of modules set in Blackmoor (19861987).
The four modules, three of which were written by Ar-
neson, detailed Arnesons campaign setting for the rst
4 After TSR time.[19] When Gygax was forced out of TSR, Arneson
was removed from the company before a planned fth
In 1977, despite the fact that he was no longer at module could be published. [5]
Gygax and Arneson again
TSR, Arneson published Dungeonmasters Index, [29]
a went their separate ways. In 1986 Arneson wrote a new
38-page booklet that indexed all of TSRs D&D prop- D&D module set in Blackmoor called The Garbage Pits
erties to that point in time, including Chainmail, the of Despair, which was published in two parts in Dierent
[11]:84
original 3-book set of D&D, the ve D&D supplements Worlds magazine issues #42 and #43.
(Greyhawk; Blackmoor; Eldritch Wizardry; Gods, Demi- In 1988 Arneson stated his belief that RPGs, whether pa-
gods & Heroes; and Swords & Spells), and all seven issues per or computer, were still hack and slash and did not
of The Strategic Review. teach novices how to play, and that games like Ultima IV
TSR had agreed to pay Arneson royalties on all D&D have stood pretty much alone as quirks instead of trend
products, but when the company came out with Advanced setters as others did not follow their innovations. He
Dungeons & Dragons (AD&D) in 1977, it claimed that hoped that computer RPGs would teach newcomers how
this was a signicantly dierent product and did not pay to role play while oering interesting campaigns, and said
him royalties.[30] In response, Arneson led the rst of that SSI's Gold Box games [33] did not innovate on the genre
ve lawsuits against Gygax and TSR in 1979. In March as much as he had hoped. Arneson stepped into the
1981, as part of a condential agreement, Arneson and computer industry and founded 4D Interactive Systems,
Gygax resolved the suits out of court by agreeing that they a computer company in Minnesota that is still in busi-
would both be credited as co-creators on the packaging ness today. He also did some computer programming and
of D&D products from that point on, [12]
but the court worked on several games. He eventually found himself
[5]
ruled that Arneson was not due monies for the AD&D consulting with computer companies.
game.[11]:11 This did not end the lingering tensions be- Living in California in the late 1980s, Arneson had a
tween them.[5] (Twenty years later, Wizards of the Coast chance to work with special education children. Upon
(WotC) bought TSR and wanted to drop the word Ad- returning to Minnesota, he pursued teaching and began
vanced from its planned third edition of D&D. WotC speaking at schools about educational uses of role-playing
CEO Peter Adkison approached Arneson to resolve the and using multi-sided dice to teach math.[34] In the 1990s
two-decade-old issue and Arneson released all claims to he began working at Full Sail, a private university that
D&D for an undisclosed sum of money.[30] ) teaches multimedia subjects,[5] and continued there as a
Arneson wrote up the Blackmoor setting for Judges professor of computer game design until 2008.
Guild in The First Fantasy Campaign (1977).[11]:39 In In 1997, after Wizards of the Coast purchased TSR, Peter
1979 Arneson and Richard L. Snider, an original Black- Adkison wrote a check to Arneson to free up D&D from
moor player, co-authored Adventures in Fantasy, a role- royalties owed to Arneson; this allowed Wizards to reti-
playing game that attempted to recapture the original tle Advanced Dungeons & Dragons to simply Dungeons &
spirit of the Role Playing Fantasy Game that Arneson Dragons.[11]:282 Around 2000, Arneson was working with
had envisioned in the early 1970s, instead of what D&D videographer John Kentner on Dragons in the Basement,
had become.[31] In the early 1980s he established his a video documentary on the early history of role-playing
own game company, Adventure Games - staed largely games. Arneson describes the documentary: Basically
by Arnesons friends, most of whom were also mem- it is a series of interviews with original players ('How
bers of a Civil War reenactment group - that produced did D&D aect your life?') and original RPG designers
the miniatures games Harpoon (1981) and Johnny Reb like Marc Miller (Traveller) and M.A.R. Barker (Empire
(1983), as well as a new edition of his own Adventures in
4 8
of the Petal Throne).[19] He also made a cameo appear-
ance in the Dungeons & Dragons movie as one of many
mages throwing reballs at a dragon, although the scene
was deleted from the completed movie.[7] Arneson and
Dustin Clingman founded Zeitgeist Games to produce an
updated d20 System version of the Blackmoor setting.[5]
Goodman Games published and distributed Dave Arne-
sons Blackmoor in 2004, and Goodman produced a few
more Blackmoor products in the next year.[11]:387 Code
Monkey Publishing released Dave Arnesons Blackmoor:
The First Campaign (2009) for 4th edition D&D.[11]:388
5 Personal life
Arneson married Frankie Ann Morneau in 1984;[35] they
had one daughter,[2] Malia, and two grandchildren.[34]
Arneson continued to play games his entire life, includ-
ing D&D and military miniature games, and regularly at-
tended an annual meeting to play the original Blackmoor
in Minnesota.[5] At Full Sail University he taught the class
Rules of the Game,[12] a class in which students learned
how to accurately document and create rule sets for games
that were balanced between mental challenges for the
players and physical ones for the characters.[36] He re-
tired from the position on June 19, 2008.[37]
Arneson died on April 7, 2009,[38] after battling can-
cer for two years.[14] According to his daughter, Malia
Weinhagen, The biggest thing about my dads world is
he wanted people to have fun in life ... I think we get dis-
tracted by the everyday things you have to do in life and
we forget to enjoy life and have fun.[34]
6 Honors and tributes
Arneson received numerous industry awards for his part
in creating Dungeons & Dragons and other role-playing
games. In 1984 he was inducted into the Academy of
Adventure Gaming Arts and Designs Hall of Fame[39]
and in 1999 was named by Pyramid magazine as one of
The Millenniums Most Inuential Persons, at least in the
realm of adventure gaming.[40] He was honored as a fa-
mous game designer by being featured on the king of
hearts in Flying Bualos 2008 Famous Game Designers
Playing Card Deck.[41]
Three days after his death, Wizards of the Coast tem-
porarily replaced the front page of the Dungeons & Drag-
ons section of their web site with a tribute to Arneson.[42]
Other tributes in the gaming world included Order of the
Stick #644,[43] and Dork Tower for April 8, 2009.[44]
Video game publisher Activision Blizzard posted a trib-
ute to Arneson on their website and on April 14,
2009, released patch 3.1 of the online role-playing game
World of Warcraft, The Secrets of Ulduar, dedicated to
Arneson.[45]
REFERENCES
Turbines Dungeons and Dragons Online added an in-
game memorial altar to Arneson in the Ruins of Thre-
nal location in the game.[46] They also created an in-
game item named the Mantle of the Worldshaper that
is a reward for nishing the Threnal quest chain that is
narrated by Arneson himself. The Mantles description
reads: A comforting and inspiring presence surrounds
you as you hold this cloak. Arcane runes run along the
edges of the ne cape, and masterfully drawn on the silken
lining is an incredibly detailed map of a place named
'Blackmoor'.[47]
On October 30, 2010, Full Sail University dedicated the
student game development studio space as Dave Arne-
sons Blackmoor Studios in Arnesons honor.[48]
7 Partial bibliography
Dungeons & Dragons (1974) (with Gary Gygax)
Blackmoor (1975)
Dungeonmasters Index (1977)
The First Fantasy Campaign (1977)
Adventures in Fantasy (1979) (with Richard L.
Snider)
Robert Asprins Thieves World (1981) (co-author)
Citybook II Port o' Call (1984) (co-author)
Adventures in Blackmoor (D&D Module:DA1)
(1986) (with David J. Ritchie)
Temple of the Frog (D&D Module:DA2) (1986)
(with David J. Ritchie)
City of the Gods (D&D Module:DA3) (1987) (with
David J. Ritchie)
DNA/DOA (1989)
The Case of the Pacic Clipper (1991)
The Haunted Lighthouse (Dungeon Crawl Classics
Module #3.5) (2003)
Dave Arnesons Blackmoor (2004) (lead designer)
Players Guide to Blackmoor (2006)
8 References
[1] United States Social Security Death Index, in-
dex, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:
/MM9.1.1/JTVK-MZN : accessed 12 Feb 2013),
David Lance Arneson, 7 April 2009; citing U.S. Social
Security Administration, Death Master File, database
(Alexandria, Virginia: National Technical Information
Service, ongoing).

[2] Minnesota Department of Health. Minnesota Birth In-
dex, 19352002 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: The
Generations Network, Inc., 2004.
[3] Cook, Monte; Tweet, Jonathan; Williams, Skip (2000).
Dungeons & Dragons Players Handbook. Renton, Wash-
ington: Wizards of the Coast. p. 2. Based on the original
Dungeons & Dragons rules created by E. Gary Gygax and
Dave Arneson
[4] Lafarge, Paul (September 2006). Destroy All Monsters:
A journey deep into the cavern of Dungeons & Dragons, a
utopian, profoundly dorky and inuential game that, lack-
ing clear winners or an end, may not be a game at all. The
Believer 4 (7). Retrieved 2009-03-22.
[5] Dave Arneson Interview. August 19, 2004. Retrieved
January 31, 2007.
[6] Fannon, Sean Patrick (1999). 9: Wargames, the Early
Roots; 10: The Birth of a Hobby. The Fantasy Role-
playing Gamers Bible (2nd ed.). Obsidian Studios. ISBN
0-9674429-0-7.
[7] Dave Arneson Interview. August 11, 2002. Archived
from the original on June 22, 2006. Retrieved January
31, 2007.
[8] Fox, Benjamin F. (2001). The performance of
Wargames. In Lancaster, Kurt; Mikotowicz, Thomas J.
Performing The Force: Essays on Immersion into Science
Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Environments. McFarland.
pp. 7475. ISBN 0-7864-0895-2.
[9] Arneson, Dave (JuneJuly 1979). My Life and Role-
Playing. Dierent Worlds (Chaosium) (3): 68.
[10] Tresca, Michael J. (2010), The Evolution of Fantasy Role-
Playing Games, McFarland, p. 61, ISBN 078645895X
[11] Shannon Appelcline (2011). Designers & Dragons. Mon-
goose Publishing. ISBN 978-1-907702-58-7.
[12] Kushner, David (March 10, 2008). Dungeon Mas-
ter: The Life and Legacy of Gary Gygax. Wired.com.
Archived from the original on September 24, 2008. Re-
trieved October 16, 2008.
[13] Arneson, D.; Gygax, G.; Carr, M. (1972). Don't Give Up
the Ship! (1st ed.). Evansville, IN: Guidon Games. pp. ii.
[14] BBC: Role-playing games pioneer dies
[15] Arneson, Dave; Gygax, Gary (June 1971). Don't Give
Up The Ship. International Wargamer (International
Federation of Wargamers) 4 (6).
[16] Anon. (AprilMay 1981). An Interview with Dave Ar-
neson. Pegasus (Judges Guild) (1): 4.
[17] "Dungeons & Dragons FAQ. Wizards of the Coast.
Archived from the original on October 3, 2008. Retrieved
October 3, 2008.
[18] The History of TSR. Wizards of the Coast. Archived
from the original on October 4, 2008. Retrieved Septem-
ber 20, 2005.
5
[19] Varney, Allen (July 1998). Proles: Dave Arneson.
Dragon (Renton, Washington: Wizards of the Coast)
(#249): 120.
[20] Anon. (August 1999). Pegasus chats with... Dave Arne-
son. Pegasus (Judges Guild) (14): 6. Archived from the
original on 12 April 2009.
[21] Gygax, Gary (June 1977). Gary Gygax on Dungeons &
Dragons: Origins of the Game. Dragon Magazine (TSR,
Inc.) 1 (7): 7.
[22] Arneson, Dave (July 1972). Facts about Black Moor.
Domesday Book (Castle & Crusade Society) (13): 67.
[23] Gygax, Gary (June 1978). D&D Ground and Spell Area
Scale. Dragon Magazine (TSR, Inc.) (15): 13.
[24] Arneson, Dave (Autumn 1975). "(in) Mapping the Dun-
geons. The Strategic Review (TSR, Inc.) 1 (3): 6.
[25] Snider, John M. (June 1, 1974). Letter from John M.
Snider (dated April(?) 1974)". Supernova (Lew Pul-
sipher). SF&F Gaming InfoSupplement.
[26] Robert Kuntz: Dave Arneson was the judge, and the
other players were: EGG, Terry Kuntz, Ernie Gygax and
myself. Megarry was the de facto leader as he understood
the campaign area and rules and so he was our overall inte-
gration point in the adventure which took place on EGGs
dining table. Original D&D Discussion: Lake Geneva
Gaming Group?". 2010-07-19. Retrieved 2011-06-30.
[27] Gygax, Gary (June 1979). D&D, AD&D and Gaming.
Dragon Magazine (TSR) (2829): 7.
[28] Kask, Tim (February 1976). In The Cauldron. The
Strategic Review (TSR, Inc.) 2 (1): 2.
[29] Dungeonmasters Index. Tome of treasures for Dun-
geons & Dragons Collectibles. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
[30] 30 Years of Adventure: A Celebration of Dungeons &
Dragons. Renton WA: Wizards of the Coast. 2004. p.
247. ISBN 0-7869-3498-0.
[31] Arneson, David L.; Richard Snider (1979). Adven-
tures in Fantasy: Book of Adventure. Excalibre Games
Inc./Adventures Unlimited. p. 1.
[32] Sacco, Ciro Allessandro. An Interview with Dave Ar-
neson. Archived from the original on July 7, 2004. Re-
trieved June 3, 2009. (Alternative URL: .)
[33] Arneson, David L. (May 1988). The Future of Computer
Role-Playing. Computer Gaming World. p. 24.
[34] Forliti, Amy (April 10, 2009). Arneson, co-creator of
D&D, dies at 61. Associated Press. Retrieved May 31,
2010.
[35] Ancestry.com. Minnesota Marriage Collection, 1958
2001 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: The Gener-
ations Network, Inc., 2007.
[36] Interview with Dave Arneson. Kobold Quarterly.
Archived from the original on April 30, 2011. Retrieved
December 4, 2010.
6 9 EXTERNAL LINKS

[37] Horowitz, Etan (June 18, 2008). D&D co-creator Dave

Arneson retiring from Full Sail. The Orlando Sentinel.
Archived from the original on June 21, 2008. Retrieved
May 31, 2010.

[38] Dave Arneson. News. Wizards of the Coast. April 9,

2009. Archived from the original on April 11, 2009. Re-
trieved April 10, 2009.

[39] List of Winners. Archived from the original on August

28, 2008. Retrieved January 31, 2007.

[40] Haring, Scott D. (December 24, 1999). Second Sight:

The Millenniums Best Other Game and The Millen-
niums Most Inuential Person. Pyramid (online). Re-
trieved February 15, 2008.

[41] Poker Deck. Flying Bualo. Retrieved February 11,

2014.

[42] David Lance Arneson. wizards.com. Wizards

of the Coast. April 10, 2009. Archived from
the original on April 10, 2009. Retrieved April
10, 2009. The image originally appeared here
https://web.archive.org/web/20090411215159/http:
//www.wizards.com:80/default.asp?x=dnd/welcome.
Archived from the original on April 11, 2009. Retrieved
April 11, 2009. Missing or empty |title= (help).

[43] Burlew, Rich. The Order of the Stick #644. Giantitp.

Archived from the original on April 10, 2009.

[44] Kovalic, John (April 8, 2009). Dork Tower April 8,

2009. Dork Tower. Dork Storm Press. Archived from
the original on April 10, 2009. Retrieved April 10, 2009.

[45] World of Warcraft Patch Notes 3.10. Blizzard Enter-

tainment.

[46] DDO Release Notes: Dungeons & Dragons Online:

Eberron Unlimited. Retrieved January 19, 2011.

[47] Mantle of the Worldshaper. Archived from the original

on November 11, 2010. Retrieved September 30, 2010.

[48] Blackmoor Studios Opens on Campus. Retrieved De-

cember 20, 2014.

9 External links
Ocial website of Dave Arneson.
"Dave Arneson Interview" by Harold Foundary at
Digital Entertainment News.
"Dave Arneson Interview" by Andrew S. Bub at
GameSpy, August 11, 2002.
"Slice of SciFi #151: Interview with Dungeons
& Dragons co-creator Dave Arneson" by Farpoint
Media, February 8, 2008.
Jeremy L.C. Jones. Interview with Dave Arne-
son, koboldquarterly.com, 2009-04-11. Retrieved
on 2009-05-03. Arnesons last known interview.
 7

10 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

10.1 Text
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Snowmanradio, RFD, Paul S, Slinga, DHBoggs, JHunterJ, BOZ, Jkaharper, Clarityend, Gregory Benoit, Supersquid, Lonely Atom, J
Milburn, CmdrObot, Fordmadoxfraud, Fairsing, Phatom87, NorthernThunder, Grubbiv, Casliber, ValarClan, JNighthawk, J. W. Love,
Widefox, CBeilby, HNowell, Idris z, Postcard Cathy, Dsp13, Craw-daddy, Yaevin, Hekerui, STBot, Adaen, Bab9e9, ColorOfSuering,
Kulmala, Plasticup, SriMesh, STBotD, WWGB, ElinorD, Broadbot, AlleborgoBot, Monegasque, Lightmouse, Maelgwnbot, Janggeom,
Decompiler, Iamwisesun, LarRan, RegentsPark, Martarius, ClueBot, All Hallows Wraith, Niceguyedc, Jeanenawhitney, Alexbot, Alden
Loveshade, BizMgr, Good Olfactory, Deineka, Addbot, Apoyon, Download, LaaknorBot, Green Squares, Yobot, Legobot II, Guinness323,
AnomieBOT, Citation bot, Drilnoth, DSisyphBot, Theraring, Omnipaedista, Hauganm, Nietzsche 2, FrescoBot, Llarna B, Beaubeau12o,
Varianor, Lotje, Diannaa, RjwilmsiBot, Faolin42, GoingBatty, Dcirovic, Josve05a, H3llBot, BubbaJenk, Oxford73, Helpful Pixie Bot,
Neptunes Trident, Jcbrierley, Mark Arsten, BattyBot, Cyberbot II, ChrisGualtieri, Khazar2, Jodosma, Tim.blake91, Monkbot, Gerzy2,
KasparBot, GreenC bot and Anonymous: 82

10.2 Images
File:Dave_Arneson_2006.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Dave_Arneson_2006.jpg License: CC
BY-SA 3.0 Contributors:
Dave Arneson GMing Blackmoor at ConQuesT 2006.jpg Original artist: Dave Arneson GMing Blackmoor at ConQuesT 2006.jpg:
Madeline Ferwerda
File:Gary_Gygax_Gen_Con_2007.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Gary_Gygax_Gen_Con_2007.
JPG License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Transfered from en.wikipedia Original artist: Alan De Smet
File:Wikinews-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0
Contributors: This is a cropped version of Image:Wikinews-logo-en.png. Original artist: Vectorized by Simon 01:05, 2 August 2006 (UTC)
Updated by Time3000 17 April 2007 to use ocial Wikinews colours and appear correctly on dark backgrounds. Originally uploaded by
Simon.

10.3 Content license

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0