laLr&vH;kl&iqLrde~

f}rh;% Hkkx%
lIreh d{kk

dsUnzh; ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ

^f'k{kk dsUnz* 2] leqnk; Hkou] izhr fogkj] fnYyh&92
izFke laLdj.k & ekpZ 2005

izfr;ka % 20]000

CBSE

ewY; % 40-00 #-

izdkkd % lfpo] dsUnzh; ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ

2] lkeqnkf;d dsUnz] f'k{kk dsUnz] fnYyh&110 092

eqnd
z % rkjk vkVZ izl
s ] ch&4] gal Hkou] cgknqj 'kkg tQ+j ekxZ] ubZ fnYyhA

(ii)
 iqjksokd~
dsUnzh;&ek/;fed&f'k{kk&cksMZ fujUrje~ ,o Hkk"kkf'k{k.ks uohuiz;ksx"s kq layXue~ vfLrA vfLeu~
lUnHksZ laL rf'k{k.ks lEiz"s k.kkRed&mikxe&;kstuk izpkfyrk vklhr~A vL;k% ;kstukUrxZrs
vL;a iqLrdL; jpuk rkA Hkk"kk&f'k{k.ks O;kdj.kkRede~ dk;Ze~ vf/k R; ,o bna O;kdj.ke~
vkfJre~ vH;kliqLrde~A ckyk% iqu% iqu% vH;klS% laL rL; vf/kxrHkkf"kdrRokuka lUnHksZ
uSi.q ;a izkIL;fUr bfr vfLr vLekda n <fo'okl%A vL; vH;kliqLrdL; ,rkfu fof'k"VrRokfu
lfUr&
Nk=dsfUnzrdk;Ze~
laL re; okrkoj.kL; fuekZ.k~e
ljylaL rL; iz;ksx%
iqu% iqu% vH;kl%
xfrfof/kiw.kZe~ vf/kxeue~
d{kk&lkewfgda dk;Ze~
izk;kstukReda dk;Ze~
ms';fu"BewY; ue~
fp=k.kka iz;ksx%
vk'kk vfLr vusu ekxs.Z k fo|kfFkZu% laL rL; vf/kxeue~ vkuUniwod Z a dfj";fUrA
dsUnzh; ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ rku~ lokZu~ izfr rKrka Kki;fr ;S% vuojra ifjJe% r%A
vfLeu~ lUnHksZ vL; lBuL; f'k{kkfuns'kd% Jh th- ckylqcz.;u~ mif'k{kkf/kdkfj.kh
Mk- lk/kuk ikjk'kj% vU;s p deZpkfj.k% lfo'ks"ka /kU;oknkgkZ%A vL; iqLrdL; la'kks/kuk;
ifjektZuk; p ijke'kZ% lnSo lg"k LokxrkgkZ%A
v'kksd xk~xy
q h
v/;{k%] dsUnzh; ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ]
fnYyh

(iii)
 Hkkjr dk lafo/kku
msfkdk
ge] Hkkjr ds yksx] Hkkjr dks ,d 1[lEiw.kZ HkwRo&laiUu lektoknh iaFkfujis{k yksdra=kRed
x.kjkT;] cukus ds fy,] rFkk mlds leLr ukxfjdksa dks %
lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd U;k;]
fopkj] vfHkO;fDr] fookl] /keZ
vkSj mikluk dh Lora=rk]
frBk vkSj volj dh lerk
kIr djkus ds fy,]
rFkk mu lc esa]
O;fDr dh xfjek vkSj 2[jkV dh ,drk
vkSj v[k.Mrk] lqfufpr djus okyh ca/kqrk
c<+kus ds fy,
n`<+ladYi gksdj viuh bl lafo/kku lHkk esa vkt rkjh[k 26 uoEcj] 1949 bZ dks ,rn~}kjk bl
lafo/kku dks vaxhr] vf/kfu;fer vkSj vkRekfiZr djrs gSaA
1- lafo/kku c;kyhloka lakks/ku vf/kfu;e] 1976 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk 3-1-1977 ls ^^HkqRo&laiUu yksdra=kRed
x.kjkT;** ds LFkku ij frLFkkfirA
2- lafo/kku c;kyhloka lakks/ku vf/kfu;e] 1976 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk 3-1-1977 ls] ^^jkV dh ,drk** ds
LFkku ij frLFkkfirA
Hkkx 4 d
ewy dkZO;
51 d- ewy dkZO; & Hkkjr ds R;sd ukxfjd dk ;g dkZO; gksxk fd og &
d lafo/kku dk ikyu djsa vkSj mlds vknkks] laLFkkvksa] jkV /ot vkSj jkV xku dk vknj
djsa;
[k Lora=rk ds fy, gekjs jkVh; vkanksyu dks sfjr djus okys mPp vknkks dks n; esa
latks, j[ksa vkSj mudk ikyu djsa;
x Hkkjr dh Hkqrk] ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk dh j{kk djsa vkSj mls v{kq..k j[ksa;
?k nsk dh j{kk djsa vkSj vkg~oku fd, tkus ij jkV dh lsok djsa;
Hkkjr ds lHkh yksxksa esa lejlrk vkSj leku Hkzkr`Ro dh Hkkouk dk fuekZ.k djsa tks /keZ]
Hkkkk vkSj nsk ;k oxZ ij vk/kkfjr lHkh HksnHkko ls ijs gksa] ,slh Fkkvksa dk R;kx djsa tks
fL=;ksa ds lEeku ds fo#) gSa;
p gekjh lkekftd laL fr dh xkSjokkyh ijaijk dk egRo le>sa vkSj mldk ifjj{k.k djsa;
N kfrd i;kZoj.k dh ftlds varxZr ou] >hy] unh] vkSj oU; tho gSa] j{kk djsa vkSj
mldk lao/kZu djsa rFkk kf.k ek= ds fr n;kHkko j[ksa;
t oSKkfud n`fVdks.k] ekuookn vkSj KkuktZu rFkk lq/kkj dh Hkkouk dk fodkl djsa;
> lkoZtfud laifk dks lqjf{kr j[ksa vkSj fgalk ls nwj jgsa;
O;fDrxr vkSj lkewfgd xfrfof/k;ksa ds lHkh {ks=ksa esa mRdkZ dh vksj c<+us dk lrr ;kl
djsa ftlls jkV fujarj c<+rs gq, ;Ru vkSj miyfC/k dh ubZ apkbZ;ksa dks Nw ysaA

(iv)
 THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
PREAMBLE

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a
1
[SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC] and to secure to all its citizens:

JUSTICE, social, economic and political;

LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all;

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the 2[unity and integrity of the Nation];

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY

ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

1. Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act. 1976, sec. 2, for Sovereign
Democratic Republic (w.e.f. 3.1.1977)

2. Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act. 1976, sec. 2, for unity of the Nation
(w.e.f. 3.1.1977)

THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

Chapter IV A
Fundamental Duties
ARTICLE 51A

Fundamental Duties - It shall be the duty of every citizen of India-

(a) to abide the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National
Anthem;

(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;

(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;

(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;

(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India
transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices
derogatory to the dignity of women;

(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;

(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wild life and to
have compassion for living creatures;

(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;

(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;

(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation
constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.

(v)
 rKrkKkiue~
dsUnzh; ek/;fed fk{kk cksMZ lfefr
Jh v'kksd xk~xqyh] v/;{k] ds- ek- f'k- cksMZ] ubZ fnYyh
Jh th- ckylqcz.;u~] funs'kd ('kS{kf.kd)] ds- ek- f'k- cksMZ] ubZ fnYyh
laL r ijkekZ lfefr&lnL;
izk-s okpLifr
izks- dqVqEc 'kkL=h
MkW- uksnukFk feJ
Jh pew ".k 'kkL=h
Jh pkn fdj.k lywtk
ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr
Jherh MkW- pUnzk je.kh
Jh ,u~- izpkixs'ku~
Jh lq- ikFkZlkjfFk
Jh ih- th- lqc z .;u~
Jh MkW- ih- j~xjktu
Jh j- j~xukFku~
lEiknu lfefr
Jh pkn fdj.k lywtk (la;kstd)
Jherh 'kf'k izHkk xks;y
Jherh larks"k dksgyh
izk;kstukf/kdkjh
MkW- lk/kuk ikjk'kj] lg&f'k{kk vf/kdkjh] ds- ek- f'k- cksM]Z ubZ fnYyhA

(vi)
 fo"k;lwph
i "Bl~[;k
1- o.kZfoU;kl% (iqujko fk%) 1
2- 'kCn:ikf.k (iqafYy &vkdkjkUrk%) 3
3- 'kCn:ikf.k (L=hfy &vkdkjkUrk%) 4
4- 'kCn:ikf.k (uiqaldfy &vdkjkUrk%) 5
5- loZuke'kCn:ikf.k 6
6- /kkrq:ikf.k (iqujko fk%) 7
7- Hkfo";r~dkys y V~ ydkjs :ikf.k 10
8- Hkwrdkys y ydkjs :ikf.k 11
9- vLen~ 'kCn% 12
10- ;q"en~ 'kCn% 15
11- bne~ 'kCn% 16
12- fde~ 'kCn% 18
13- yksV~ ydkjs :ikf.k 20
14- 'kCn:ikf.k ('kCn&:i&ifjp;%) bdkjkUrk% 27
15- xq# 'kCn% (mdkjkUrk% iqafYy %) 32
16- fir 'kCn% (dkjkUrk% iqafYy %) 36
17- fo'ks";a fo'ks"k.ke~ p 39
18- l~[;k 48
19- vO;;kfu 57
20- DRok izR;;L; iz;ksx% 61
21- Y;i~ izR;;L; iz;ksx% 62
22- rqeuq ~ izR;;L; iz;ksx% 64
23- fefJr% vH;kl% 65

(vii)
 1
o.kZ foU;kl%
(iqujkofk %)
1- v/kksfyf[krkuka laKkinkuka f;kinkuka loZukeinkuka ok o.kkZu~ iFkd~R;
fy[kUrq&
;Fkk d- ckyd% & c~ $ vk $ y~ $ v $ d~ $ v%
[k- ckfydk & c~ $ vk $ y~ $ b $ d~ $ vk
(i) fy[kfr & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) dq#r% & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) Qykfu & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv) vLekde~ & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(v) ;q"ekde~ & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(vi) hMr% & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(vii) ;qoke~ & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(viii) vge~ & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ix) v;e~ & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) b;e~ & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xi) iBfUr & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xii) xPNke% & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xiii) hMko% & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xiv) vko;ks% & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1
(xv) izkIuksfr & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xvi) L o % & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xvii) k.kksfr & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xviii) rklke~ & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xix) Rof; & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(xx) dFkf;";fUr & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2
 2
kCn&:ikf.k
(iqf Yy&vdkjkUrk%)
(iqujkofk&ikB%)
fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;Urq&
kCnk% foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
cky izFkek cky% -------------- --------------
vo f}rh;k voe~ -------------- --------------
xt rrh;k xtsu -------------- --------------
oSKkfud prqFkhZ oSKkfudk; -------------- --------------
fk"; ipeh fk";kr~ -------------- --------------
nhid "k"Bh nhidL; -------------- --------------
vkdkk lIreh vkdkks -------------- --------------
ekuo lEcks/kue~ gs ekuo ! -------------- ! -------------- !
edj izFkek -------------- ------------- -------------
ex f}rh;k -------------- ------------- -------------
dwi rrh;k -------------- ------------- -------------
dqDdqj prqFkhZ -------------- ------------- -------------
o{k ipeh -------------- ------------- -------------
uj "k"Bh -------------- ------------- -------------
dkd lIreh -------------- ------------- -------------
okuj lEcks/kue~ -------------- ------------- -------------

3
 3
kCn&:ikf.k
(L=hfy&vkdkjkUrk%)
(iqujkofk&ikB%)
fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;Urq &
kCnk% foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
ckyk izFkek ckyk -------------- -------------
yrk f}rh;k yrke~ -------------- -------------
ukSdk rrh;k ukSd;k -------------- -------------
isfVdk prqFkhZ isfVdk;S -------------- -------------
efgyk ipeh efgyk;k% -------------- -------------
ekyk "k"Bh ekyk;k% -------------- -------------
ef{kdk lIreh ef{kdk;ke~ -------------- -------------
eqfnzdk lEcks/kue~ gs eqfnzds! -------------- -------------
oh.kk izFkek -------------- ------------- -------------
izHkk f}rh;k -------------- ------------- -------------
dyk rrh;k -------------- ------------- -------------
rkjk prqFkhZ -------------- ------------- -------------
okfVdk ipeh -------------- ------------- -------------
dU;k "k"Bh -------------- ------------- -------------
vEck lIreh -------------- ------------- -------------
deyk lEcks/kue~ -------------- ------------- -------------

4
 4
kCn&:ikf.k
(uiql
a dfy&vdkjkUrk%)
(iqujkofk&ikB%)
fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;Urq &
kCnk% foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
Qy izFkek Qye~ -------------- -------------
iq"i f}rh;k iq"ie~ -------------- -------------
us= rrh;k us=s.k -------------- -------------
N= prqFkhZ N=k; -------------- -------------
d`.k ipeh d`.kkr~ -------------- -------------
O;tu "k"Bh O;tuL; -------------- -------------
eq[k lIreh eq[ks -------------- -------------
u;u lEcks/kue~ gs u;u ! -------------- -------------
eLrd izFkek -------------- ------------- --------------
vklu f}rh;k -------------- ------------- --------------
uxj rrh;k -------------- ------------- --------------
fe= prqFkhZ -------------- ------------- --------------
m|ku ipeh -------------- ------------- --------------
xg "k"Bh -------------- ------------- --------------
;ku lIreh -------------- ------------- --------------
p lEcks/kue~ -------------- ------------- --------------

5
 5
loZuke kCn&:ikf.k
(iqujkofk&ikB%)
kCnk% foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
;q"en~ izFkek Roe~ -------------- -------------
vLen~ izFkek vge~ -------------- -------------
rr~ (iqa-) izFkek l% -------------- -------------
rr~ (L=h-) izFkek lk -------------- -------------
rr~ (uiqa-) izFkek rr~ -------------- -------------
,rr~ (iqa-) izFkek ,"k% -------------- -------------
,rr~ (L=h-) izFkek ,"kk -------------- -------------
,rr~ (uiqa-) izFkek ,rr~ -------------- -------------

fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;Urq&
(i) Roa [kknflA (x) ----------------- o{kkSA (rr~)
(ii) ------------- [kknFk%A (xi) ----------------- efgysA (rr~)
(iii) ------------- iBFkA (xii) ----------------- i=sA (rr~&uiqa-)
(iv) ------------- uekfeA (xiii) ----------------- [kxk%A (rr~)
(v) ------------- hMko%A (xiv) ----------------- Nk=k%A (rr~&L=h)
(vi) ------------- pyke%A (xv) ----------------- m|kukfuA (rr~)
(vii) l% ckyd%A (xvi) ----------------- vEckA (,rr~)
(viii) ------------- ckfydkA (rr~) (xvii) ----------------- ekuo%A (,rr~)
(vix) ------------- iq"ie~A (rr~~) (xviii) ----------------- i=kf.kA (,rr~)

6
 6
/kkrq:ikf.k
(iqujkofk%)
orZekudkys ^yV~* ydkjs :ikf.k
^xe~* (xPN~) /kkrq%
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFke% iq#"k% xPNfr xPNr% xPNfUr
e/;e% iq#"k% xPNfl xPNFk% xPNFk
mke% iq#"k% xPNkfe xPNko% xPNke%
mnkgj.kkuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;Urq&
izFke% iq#"k% l%@lk xPNfr rkS@rs ------------------- rs@rk% -------------------
e/;e% iq#"k% Roe~ ------------------- ;qoke~ ------------------ ;w;e~ --------------------
mke% iq#"k% vge~ ------------------- vkoke~ ------------------ o;e~ -----------------
fp=kf.k n"V~ok okD;kfu iBUrq&

ckyd% ikBa iBfrA ckfydk uR;a djksfrA

7
fouksn% tya ficfrA ckyd% ckfydk p hMr%A

dU;s xkua xk;r%A Nk=k% ikndUnqdus hMfUrA

efgyk% iwtka dqoZfUrA

8
2- v/kksfyf[krokD;s"kq js[kkf`r f;kinkuka ydkja opua iq#"ka p fy[kUrq&
ydkj% (dky%) opue~ iq#"k% (kkrq%)
;Fkk & rs iBfUrA yV~ (orZeku) cgq izFke% (iB~)
(i) ds xPNfUr \ ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(ii) lk xfe";fr A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(iii) vge~ viBe~A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(iv) rk% hMfUr A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(v) rs HkzefUr A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(vi) l% vpyr~ A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(vii) ;qoka [kknr% A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(viii) ;w;e~ v[kknr A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(ix) Roa ifB";fl A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(x) rkS fy[kr% A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(xi) rs fy[kr% A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(xii) vkoka ficko% A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(xiii) o;a ueke% A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(xiv) ckydk% fy[kfUr A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(xv) ckfydk% fy[kfUr A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(xvi) i=s irr%A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(xvii) Roe~ v;PN% A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(xviii) losZ dk; dqofZ Ur A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(xix) tuk% tya u;fUrA ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )
(xx) dksfdyk xhra xk;fr A ------------------- ------------- ------------- (---------- )

9
 7
Hkfo";r~dkys ^yV~* ydkjs :ikf.k
^* /kkrq%
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFke% iq#"k% dfj";fr dfj";r% dfj";fUr
e/;e% iq#"k% dfj";fl dfj";Fk% dfj";Fk
mke% iq#"k% dfj";kfe dfj";ko% dfj";ke%
,rkfu okD;kfu iBUrq fjDrLFkkukfu p mnkgj.kkuqlkja iwj;Urq&
;Fkk & lSfudk% j{k.ka dfj";fUrA

(i) firk ;kusu dk;kZy;a -----------------A (xe~)

(ii) ckfydk nqX/ke~ -----------------A (ik)

(iii) Nk=k% v/;kida iz.kkea -----------------A ()

(iv) ckyd% ckfydk p hMk.ks -----------------A (hM~)

10
 8
Hkwrdkys ^y* ydkjs :ikf.k
^iB~* /kkrq%
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFke% iq#"k% viBr~ viBrke~ viBu~
e/;e% iq#"k% viB% viBre~ viBr
mke% iq#"k% viBe~ viBko viBke

mnkgj.kkuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;Urq&

izFke% iq#"k% l% @lk viBr~ -------@------ viBrke~ rs@rk% -------------------
e/;e% iq#"k% Roe~ ------------------- ;qoke~ ------------------- ------------------- viBr
mke% iq#"k% ---------------- viBe~ vkoke~ ------------------ o;e~ ---------------------

fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;Urq
ckyd% ikBe~ ---------------------------- A (iB~)
efgyk nwjnkZue~ ---------------------------- A (nk~)
deZdj% dk;Ze~ ---------------------------- A (d)
rkS Nk=kS ikBe~ ---------------------------- A (Le)
rkS vokS kh?kze~ ---------------------------- A (/kko~)
rs iq#"kk% dk;kZy;a ---------------------------- A (xe~)
rk% efgyk% oL=kf.k ---------------------------- A (vk$uh)
rk% je.kh;k;ka okfVdk;ka ---------------------------- A (Hkze)
~

11
 9
^vLen~* kCn%
(f="kq fys"kq leku:ikf.k)
foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkek vge~ vkoke~ o;e~
f}rh;k eke~ vkoke~ vLeku~
rrh;k e;k vkokH;ke~ vLekfHk%
prqFkhZ eg~;e~ vkokH;ke~ vLeH;e~
ipeh er~ vkokH;ke~ vLer~
"k"Bh ee vko;ks% vLekde~
lIreh ef; vko;ks% vLeklq

vH;klk%
1- dks"Bdkr~ leqfprina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r
vge~ ( I, eS)
a
(i ) vga ---------------------------- A (iBkfe@iBfl@iBr%)
(ii ) vga ---------------------------- A (fy[kkfe@fy[kfl@fy[kfr)
(iii) vga ---------------------------- A (ueFk%@uefUr@uekfe)
(iv ) vga xga ---------------------------- A (xfe";kfe@xfe";fr@xfe";fl)
(v ) vga iqLrda ---------------------------- A (ifB";kfe@ifB";ke%@ifB";fl)
(vi ) vga fp=a ---------------------------- A (i;kfe@i;fl@i;fUr)

12
 vkoke~ ( We both, ge nksuks)a
(i ) vkoka ---------------------------- A (iBko%@iBFk%@iBr%)
(ii ) vkoka ---------------------------- A (uefUr@ueko%@uer%)
(iii) vkoka ---------------------------- A (onFk@onfr@onko%)
(iv ) vkoka ---------------------------- A (fickfe@ficFk%@ficko%)
(v ) vkoka ---------------------------- A (vhM%@vhMko@vhMre~)
(vi ) vkoka ---------------------------- A (LFkkL;ko%@LFkkL;kfe@LFkkL;fUr)

o;e~ ( We ge lc)
(i ) o;a ---------------------------- A (iz.keke%@iz.kekfe@iz.kefr)
(ii ) o;a ---------------------------- A (iPNfr@iPNkfe@iPNke%)
(iii) o;a ---------------------------- A (onfl@onke%@onko%)
(iv ) o;a ---------------------------- A (ficke%@ficFk%@ficko%)
(v ) o;a ---------------------------- A (vfy[krke~@vfy[kko@vfy[kke)
(vi ) o;a ---------------------------- A (nz{;ke%@nz{;fUr@nz{;Fk%)

2- dksdkr~ leqfpra foHkfDrina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r

(i ) jk/kk ---------------------------- lg hMfrA (ee@e;k)
(ii ) jktku% ---------------------------- lg v/kkou~A (er~@e;k)
(iii) ckyk ---------------------------- lg vhMr~A (vkokH;ka@vko;ks%)
(iv ) ;qoR;kS ---------------------------- lg xfe";r%A (ee@vkokH;ka)
(v ) tuk% ---------------------------- lg olfUrA (vLekfHk%@vkoke~)
(vi ) usrk ---------------------------- lg olfrA (vLekfHk%@ef;)

13
(vii) dUnqda ---------------------------- jksprsA (vkoka@eg~;)
a
(viii) ekrk ---------------------------- jksprsA (o;a@eg~;)
a
(ix ) vkpk;Z% ---------------------------- jksprsA (vko;ks%@eg~;)
a
(x ) ikndUnqdhMk ---------------------------- jksprsA (vkokH;ka@vko;ks%)
(xi ) nwjnkZua ---------------------------- jksprsA (vkokH;ka@vga)
(xii) ;qod% ---------------------------- jksprsA (vkokH;ka@eke~)
(xiii) unh ---------------------------- jksprsA (vLer~@vkokH;ka)
(xiv) HkDr% ---------------------------- jksprsA (vkokH;ka@vge~)
(xv ) vks/k% ---------------------------- u jksprsA (vLeH;a@vko;ks%)
(xvi) ujlsok ---------------------------- jksprsA (vkoka@vkokH;ka)
(xvii) vfgalk ---------------------------- u jksprsA (vLeH;a@vga)
(xviii) j?kqoj% ---------------------------- xgkr~ vkxPNfrA (er~@ee)
(xix) vkeze~ ---------------------------- o{kkr~ irfrA (ee@er~)
(xx ) fo|k ---------------------------- xqjks% vkxPNfrA (er~@vkoka)
(xxi) ekrk ---------------------------- iqLrda nkL;frA (vkokH;ka@vga)
(xxii) bna ---------------------------- iqLrde~ vfLrA (ee@eke~)
(xxiii) l% ---------------------------- firk vfLrA (vko;ks%@vge~)
(xxiv) firk ---------------------------- fLug~ ; frA (ef;@vLeku~)
(xxv) tud% ---------------------------- jt;frA (vLeklq@vkoke~)

14
 10
^;q"en~* kCn% ( You, rqe)
(f="kq fys"kq leku:ikf.k)
foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkek Roe~ ;qoke~ ;w;e~
f}rh;k Roke~ ;qoke~ ;q"eku~
rrh;k Ro;k ;qokH;ke~ ;q"ekfHk%
prqFkhZ rqH;e~ ;qokH;ke~ ;q"eH;e~
ipeh Ror~ ;qokH;ke~ ;q"er~
"k"Bh ro ;qo;ks% ;q"ekde~
lIreh Rof; ;qo;ks% ;q"eklq

15
 11
(i) ^bne~* kCn% (;g] This)
(iqfa Yys)
foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkek v;e~ bekS bes
f}rh;k bee~&,ue~ bekS&,ukS beku~&,uku~
rrh;k vusu&,usu vkH;ke~ ,fHk%
prqFkhZ vLeS vkH;ke~ ,H;%
ipeh vLekr~ vkH;ke~ ,H;%
"k"Bh vL; vu;ks%&,u;ks% ,"kke~
lIreh vfLeu~ vu;ks%&,u;ks% ,"kq

(ii) ^bne~* kCn%

(L=hfys)
foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkek b;e~ bes bek%
f}rh;k beke~@,uke~ bes@,us bek%@,uk%
rrh;k vu;k@,u;k vkH;ke~ vkfHk%
prqFkhZ vL;S vkH;ke~ vkH;%
ipeh vL;k% vkH;ke~ vkH;%
"k"Bh vL;k% vu;ks%@,u;ks% vklke~
lIreh vL;ke~ vu;ks%@,u;ks% vklq

16
 (iii) ^bne~* kCn%
(uiql
a dfys)
foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkek bne~ bes bekfu
f}rh;k bne~@,ur~ bes@,us bekfu@,ukfu
rrh;k vusu&,usu vkH;ke~ ,fHk%
prqFkhZ vLeS vkH;ke~ ,H;%
ipeh vLekr~ vkH;ke~ ,H;%
"k"Bh vL; vu;ks%&,u;ks% ,"kke~
lIreh vfLeu~ vu;ks%&,u;ks% ,"kq

17
 12
(i) ^fde~* kCn% (dkSu] Who)
(iqfa Yys)
foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkek d% dkS ds
f}rh;k de~ dkS dku~
rrh;k dsu dkH;ke~ dS %
prqFkhZ dLeS dkH;ke~ dsH;%
ipeh dLekr~ dkH;ke~ dsH;%
"k"Bh dL; d;ks% ds"kke~
lIreh dfLeu~ d;ks% ds"kq

(ii) ^fde~* kCn%

(L=hfys)
foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkek dk ds dk%
f}rh;k dke~ ds dk%
rrh;k d;k dkH;ke~ dkfHk%
prqFkhZ dL;S dkH;ke~ dkH;%
ipeh dL;k% dkH;ke~ dkH;%
"k"Bh dL;k% d;ks% dklke~
lIreh dL;ke~ d;ks% dklq

18
 (iii) ^fde~* kCn% (D;k] What)
(uiql
a dfys)
foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkek fde~ ds dkfu
f}rh;k fde~ ds dkfu
rrh;k dsu dkH;ke~ dS %
prqFkhZ dLeS dkH;ke~ dsH;%
ipeh dLekr~ dkH;ke~ dsH;%
"k"Bh dL; d;ks% ds"kke~
lIreh dfLeu~ d;ks% ds"kq

19
 13
^yksV~* ydkjs :ikf.k
(vkKk&vFksZ yksV~ ydkj%)

mifok py

fy[k iB

[kkn fr"B

^yksV*~ ydkjs :ikf.k

^iB~* /kkrq%
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFke% iq#"k% iBrq iBrke~ iBUrq
e/;e% iq#"k% iB iBre~ iBr
mke% iq#"k% iBkfu iBko iBke
20
mnkgj.kkuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;Urq&
izFke% iq#"k% lk@l%iBrq ----------------------- -----------------------
e/;e% iq#"k% ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
mke% iq#"k% ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

Hkw (Hko~) (yksV~ ydkjs)

,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFke% iq#"k% lk@l% Hkorq ----------------------- -----------------------
e/;e% iq#"k% ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
mke% iq#"k% ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

xe~ (xPN~) (yksV~ ydkjs)

,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFke% iq#"k% ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
e/;e% iq#"k% Roe~ xPN ----------------------- -----------------------
mke% iq#"k% ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

iB~ (yksV~ ydkjs)

-------------------- -------------------- cgqopue~
------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
mke% iq#"k% vge~ iBkfu ----------------------- -----------------------

21
 hM~ (yksV~ ydkjs)
-------------------- f}opue~ cgqopue~
----------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
----------------- ----------------------- ;qoke~ hMrke~ -----------------------
----------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

Hkze~ (yksV~ ydkjs)

-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
----------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
----------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
----------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- o;e~ Hkzeke

1- dks"Bdkr~ yksVy
~ dkjL; mfpr:ia fpRok fy[kUrq
(i ) lSfudk% nska ------------------------- A (j{krq@j{kUrq@j{kr%)
(ii ) okf.kT;s ykHk% ------------------------- A (Hko@Hkore~@Hkorq)
(iii) tys dyq"k% u ------------------------- A (Hkokfu@Hkorq@HkoUrq)
(iv ) Hkoku~ izua ------------------------- A (iPNrq@iPN@iNre~)
(v ) Hkzejk% e/kqa ------------------------- A (ficrke~@ficrq@ficUrq)
(vi ) vga xhraa ------------------------- A (xk;Urq@xk;kfu@xk;ke)
(vii) vga iznkZuhaa ------------------------- A (mn~?kkV;ko@mn~?kkV;@mn~?kkV;kfu)
(viii) vkoka oL=aa ------------------------- A (;PNke%@;PNko@;PNUrq)

22
(ix ) vkoka iqLrdkfu ------------------------- A (vku;ko@vku;ke@vku;kfu)
(x ) o;a /kea ------------------------- A (iky;ko@iky;@iky;ke)
(xi ) o;a Lukraaq ------------------------- A (xPN@xPNrke~@xPNre~)
(xii) ekykdkj% iq"ikf.k ------------------------- A (fpuUrq@fpuksr@
q fpurke~)
(xiii) ;w;a m|kus efyukfu u ------------------------- A (f{kir@fNiko@f{ki)
(xiv) firk ------------------------- A (vkxPNrq@vkxPNkfu@vkxPN)
(xv ) Roe~ v= ------------------------- A (mifok@mifokrq@mifokrke~)
(xvi) ;qoka lR;a ------------------------- A (onre~@on@onkfu)

2- v/kksfyf[krkfu ^yksV~* ydkjs ifjofrZrkfu okD;kfu iBUrq fjDrLFkkus"kq p

yksVy
~ dkjL; :ikf.k fy[kUrq
yV~ ydkjs yksV~ ydkjs
(i ) v;a ckyd% glfrA v;a ckyd% glrqA
(ii ) v;e~ m"V% fr"BfrA v;e~ m"V% fr"BrqA
(iii) v;e~ tu% mifokfrA v;e~ tu% -------------------------A
(iv ) v;a cky% onfrA v;a cky% -------------------------A
(v ) b;a ckfydk pyfrA b;a ckfydk -------------------------A
(vi ) l% bna iqLrda iBfrA l% bna iqLrda iBrqA
(vii) l% xge~ xPNfrA l% xga -------------------------A
(viii) ekxZs tuk% pyfUrA ekxsZ tuk% -------------------------A

23
3- v/kksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu yksV~ ydkjs ifjorZ;Urq
yV~ ydkjs yksV~ ydkjs
(i ) ,"k% tu% /kkofrA ----------------------------------------------------------
(ii ) v;a uj% fr"BfrA ----------------------------------------------------------
(iii) b;a ckfydk i;frA ----------------------------------------------------------
(iv ) b;e~ L=h HkzefrA ----------------------------------------------------------
(v ) v;a uj% pyfrA ----------------------------------------------------------
(vi ) Nk=kS ikBa fy[kr%A ----------------------------------------------------------
(vii) Nk=kS ous Hkzer% ----------------------------------------------------------
(viii) ohjkS vo;ks% vkjksgr% ----------------------------------------------------------
(ix ) tuk% Hkkstua [kknfUrA ----------------------------------------------------------
(x ) Roa xga xPNflA ----------------------------------------------------------
(xi ) Roa ikBa iBflA ----------------------------------------------------------
(xii) ;qoka ikBa iBFk%A ----------------------------------------------------------
(xiii) ;qoka hMka hMFk%A ----------------------------------------------------------
(xiv) ;w;a uR;a i;FkA ----------------------------------------------------------
(xv ) ;w;a Hkkstua [kknFkA ----------------------------------------------------------
(xvi) vag lsoka djksfeA ----------------------------------------------------------
(xvii) vag unha rjkfeA ----------------------------------------------------------
(xviii) vkoka iqLrda fy[kko%A ----------------------------------------------------------

24
(xix) vkoka nqX/ka ficko%A ----------------------------------------------------------
(xx ) o;a hMk.ka xPNke%A ----------------------------------------------------------
(xxi) o;a yksda onke%A ----------------------------------------------------------

4- mfpr:is.k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& (Hkwrdkys)

yV~ ydkjs y ydkjs yksV~ ydkjs
(i ) l% xkue~ ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- (xS xk;~)
(ii ) l% i=e~ ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- (fy[k~)
(iii) rkS kCnku~ ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- (Le Lej~)
(iv ) rkS xzkea ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- (xe~ xPN)
(v ) Roa tye~ ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- (ik fic~)
(vi ) ;qoke~ yksda ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- (vk$d.k~Z)
(vii) ;w;e~ vuqkklua ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- (iky~)
(viii) rs fp=a n"V~ok ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- (gl~)
(ix ) rs laLdre~ ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- (iB~)
(x ) vkoka ikdkkyka ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- (xe xPN~)
(xi ) vge~ ljksojs ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- (rj~)
(xii) o;a r= ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- (Hkze~)
(xiii) lSfudkS osxus ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- (/kko~)

25
5- v/kksfyf[krkuka f;kinkuka /kkrq&ydkj&iq#"k&opukfu fy[kr

f;kine~ /kkrq% ydkj% iq#"k% opue~

(i ) Likrq -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------

(ii ) x.k;rke~ -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------

(iii) dFk;Urq -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------

(iv ) R;tr -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------

(v ) Hkt -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------

(vi ) fuolrq -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------

(vii) rjre~ -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------

6- fuEUkfyf[kr;ks% yksd;ks % ^yksV*~ ydkjL; :ikf.k js[kkf`ra Rok iqu% fy[kUrq

(i) bek% vki% fkok% lUrq]

kqHkk% lUrq p fueZyk%A
ikouk% khryk% lUrq]
iwrk% lw;ZL; jfefHk%AA

(ii) fuUnUrq uhfrfuiq.kk% ;fn ok LrqoUrq

y{eh% lekfokrq xPNrq ok ;Fks"Ve~A
v|So ok ej.keLrq ;qxkUrjs ok
U;k;kRiFk% izfopyfUr ina u /khjk%AA

26
 14
kCn&:ikf.k
(kCn&:i&ifjp;%)
dfo (d~ $ v $ o~ $ b)
(vL; kCnL; vfUre% o.kZ% ^b* vfLr vr% ,"k% bdkjkUr% kCn%A
,"k% iqafYy% kCn%A)

,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek foHkfDr% dfo% doh do;%
f}rh;k foHkfDr% dfoe~ doh dohu~
rrh;k foHkfDr% dfouk dfoH;ke~ dfofHk%
prqFkhZ foHkfDr% do;s dfoH;ke~ dfoH;%
ipeh foHkfDr% dos% dfoH;ke~ dfoH;%
"k"Bh foHkfDr% dos% dO;ks% dohuka
lIreh foHkfDr% dokS dO;ks% dfo"kq
lEcks/kue~ gs dosA gs dohA gs do;%A

1- v= etw"kk;ka dspu kCnk% fyf[krk% lfUrA ,rs"kq bdkjkUr&iqfW Yy&kCnku~

fpRok fjDrLFkkua iwj;Urq&

yfrdk] ckfydk] eqfu] dfo] unh] egrh] dfi] gfj] gfLru~] vfrfFk] lfjr~]
fkkq] vfXu] jfo] Hkwifr] cqfer~] iqLrd] dfork] vfj] vfyA

27
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- ,rs"kke~ bdkjkUr kCnkuka :ikf.k iqf Yys dfoor~ ,oa HkofUrA mnkgj.ke~ vuqlR ;
fjDrLFkkua iwj;Urq
di;% (dfi] iz-fo-] c-o-) gs jos! (-------- ] -------- ] -------- )
vfrFkhu~ (vfrfFk] f}-fo-] c-o-) gfj"kq (-------- ] -------- ] -------- )
vfjfHk% (vfj] r-fo-] c-o-) vfyH;ke~ (-------- ] -------- ] -------- )
gfje~ (-------- ] -------- ] -------- ) vfrfFkH;% (-------- ] -------- ] -------- )
Hkwifruk (-------- ] -------- ] -------- ) eqU;ks% (-------- ] -------- ] -------- )
dih (------------------------------- )

3- v/kksnkkuka kCnkuka ;FkkfunsZ ka :ikf.k fy[kUrq

kCnk% (foHkfDr%) ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

;Fkk jfo (izFkek) jfo% joh jo;%

eqfu (f}rh;k) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

dfy (ipeh) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

gfj (prqFkhZ) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

vfXu (izFkek) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

vfy (rrh;k) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

28
 dfi (lIreh) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

;fr (rrh;k) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

ef.k (f}rh;k) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

ikf.k (lIreh) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

lkjfFk (izFkek) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

4- v/kksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq bdkjkUr&kCnku~ js[kkf`rku~ dqoUZ rq rs"kka opua p fy[kUrq

;Fkk equ;% /;kueXuk% thofUrA cgqopue~

(i ) bna xga e.khuka izdkksu kksHkk;qDRke~ vfLrA -----------------------

(ii ) vXu;s ue%A -----------------------

(iii) ,"k% mUur% fxfj% HkofrA -----------------------

(iv ) Hkzejk% iq"isH;% jla ficfUrA -----------------------

(v ) Hkwifr% k=wu~ ukk;frA -----------------------

(vi ) vfrFk;s Qykfu vku;A -----------------------

(vii) vXukS ek hMA -----------------------

(viii) fr#ekyk;ka gjs% efUnje~ vfLrA -----------------------

(ix ) ik.kkS js[kk% lfUrA -----------------------

(x ) u|% fxjs% izHkofUrA -----------------------

29
5- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra foHkfDr:ia fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;Urq

1- jktk --------------------- lg xPNfrA (lkjFks%@lkjfFkuk@lkjfFka)

2- --------------------- Tokyk osxsu izljfrA (vXus%@vXu;s@vfXu%)
3- --------------------- gjs% l`hrZua iq.;e~A (dfya@dys%@dykS)
4- --------------------- /;kua dqoZfUrA (equ;%@equhu~@eqfu"kq)
5- ,"k% Js"B% --------------------- vfLrA (ef.k%@e.ks%@ef.kuk)
6- v| --------------------- izdkk% rh{.k% vfLrA (jokS@jos%@jo;s)
7- jktk --------------------- /kukfu vkHkw"k.kkfu p ;PNfrA (dohuka@dohu~@dfoH;%)
8- fgeky;% --------------------- mUurre% vfLrA (fxfj"kq@fxfjfHk%@fxfjH;%)
9- u vfLr ks/kleks --------------------- A (vfj%@vfja@vjs%)
10- ip --------------------- ukekfu onrA (dfofHk%@dohuka@do;%)

6 (d) ^dfi* kCnL; lEiw.k :ia fy[kr

,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkek dfi% dih di;%
f}rh;k ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
rrh;k ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
prqFkhZ ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
ipeh ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

30
"k"Bh ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
lIreh ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
lEcks/kue~ ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

6- ([k) fjDrLFkkukfu mfprkCn:iS% iwj;Urq

kCnk% :ikf.k
(i ) jfo jfo.kk ------------------- -------------------
(ii ) ------------------- vXu;s vfXuH;ke~ -------------------
(iiii) ------------------- ------------------- eqU;ks% equhuke~
(iv ) ------------------- HkwirkS ------------------- -------------------
(v ) ------------------- gjs% gfjH;ke~ -------------------
(vi ) ------------------- vfye~ ------------------- -------------------
(vii) ------------------- ------------------- ------------------- di;%
(viii) ------------------- gs gjs! ------------------- -------------------

31
 15
^xq#* kCn
(mdkjkUr% iafq Yy%)
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkek foHkfDr% xq#% xq: xqjo%
f}rh;k foHkfDr% xq#a xq: xq:u~
rrh;k foHkfDr% xq#.kk xq#H;ke~ xq#fHk%
prqFkhZ foHkfDr% xqjos xq#H;ke~ xq#H;%
ipeh foHkfDr% xqjks% xq#H;ke~ xq#H;%
"k"Bh foHkfDr% xqjks% xqoksZ% xq:.kka
lIRkeh foHkfDr% xqjkS xqoksZ% xq#"kq
lEcks/kue~ gs xqjks! gs xq:! gs xqjo%!
,oeso r#] ckgq] euq] kEHkq] cU/kq] izHkq] lk/kq] Hkkuq] bUnq] fo".kq] tUrq bfr kCnkuka :ikf.k
HkofUrA

1- v/kksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq js[kkf`rL; inL; foHkfDra opua p fy[kr

;Fkk Hkkuq% iwoLZ ;ka fnfk mnsfrA izFkek ,dopue~
(i ) xq#% ikBa ikB;frA ---------------- -------------------
(ii ) jk"Vifr% ee xqjos iqjLdkja xPNfrA ---------------- -------------------
(iii) Nk=k% xqjkS fLug~;fUrA ---------------- -------------------

32
(iv ) ee ekrk xq#.kk lg lEHkk"k.ka djksfrA ---------------- -------------------
(v ) o;a xq#a ueke%A ---------------- -------------------
(vi ) o;a xqjks% minske~ vuqljke%A ---------------- -------------------
(vii) xqjks% kCndkske~ vku;kfeA ---------------- -------------------
(viii) tUrqkkyk;ka fofo/kk% tUro% lfUrA ---------------- -------------------
(ix ) o;e~ mRlos"kq cU/kwu~ feyke%A ---------------- -------------------
(x ) ipkuka r:.kka ukekfu fy[krA ---------------- -------------------

2- v/kksnkkuka kCnkuka :ikf.k fjDrLFkkus"kq fy[kUrq

kCnk% (foHkfDr%) ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

;Fkk xq# (ipeh) xqjks% xq#H;ke~ xq#H;%

(i ) euq (izFkek) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

(ii ) cU/kq (rrh;k) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

(iii) kEHkq (lIreh) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
(iv ) izHkq (prqFkhZ) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
(v ) lk/kq (f}rh;k) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
(vi ) Hkkuq (ipeh) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
(vii) bUnq ("k"Bh) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
(viii) r# (f}rh;k) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
(ix ) tUrq (izFkek) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
(x ) fo".kq (lEcks/kue~) ----------------- ----------------- -----------------

33
3- Hkkuq kCnL; lEiw.kZ&kCn:ikf.k fy[kUrq

foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

f}rh;k ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

rrh;k ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

prqFkhZ ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

ipeh ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

"k"Bh ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

lIreh ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

lEcks/kue~ ------------------- ------------------- -------------------

4- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra :ia fpRok okD;kfu iwj;Urq

;Fkk ee xq#% vuqkklufiz;% vfLrA (xqjo%@xq#%@xq#)

(i ) khrdkys -------------------- izdkk% lokZu~ izlhnfrA (Hkkuks%@Hkkuq%@Hkkuos)
(ii ) tUrqkkyk;ka ukukfo/kk% -------------------- lfUrA (tUro%@tUrq%@tUrwu)
~
(iii) -------------------- ue%A (Hkkuos@Hkkuks%@Hkkuqe)
~
(iv ) ee ekrk -------------------- iky;frA (r#fHk%@rjo%@r:u~)
(v ) rs vkdkks -------------------- i;fUrA (bUnqe@
~ bUnq%@bUnqH;ke~)
(vi ) -------------------- tuS% lg eS=ha dq#rA (lk/kks%@lk/kos@lk/kqfHk%)

34
(vii) losZ"kq -------------------- izhfr% dk;kZA (tUrq"kq@tUrwuka@tUrqfHk%)
(viii) Hkkuq% -------------------- p HkqouL; }s us=s Lr%A (bUnq%@bUnq@
a bUnkS)
(ix ) -------------------- vkezQykfu irfUrA (r#.kk@rjks%@rjkS)
(x ) -------------------- ! losZ lqf[ku% Hkos;q%A (gs izHkks!@izHkq%@izHko%)

35
 16
(i) fir kCn%
(dkjkUr% iqafYy%)
foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek firk firjkS firj%

f}rh;k firje~ firjkS firu~
rrh;k fi=k firH;ke~ firfHk%
prqFkh Z fi=s firH;ke~ firH;%
ipeh firq% firH;ke~ firH;%
"k"Bh firq% fi=ks % fir.kke~
lIreh firfj fi=ks % fir"kq
lEcks/kue~ gs fir%! gs firjkS! gs firj%!

(ii) ekr kCn%

(dkjkUr% L=hfy%)
foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkek ekrk ekrjkS ekrj%
f}rh;k ekrje~ ekrjkS ekr%
rrh;k ek=k ekrH;ke~ ekrfHk%

36
prqFkhZ ek=s ekrH;ke~ ekrH;%
ipeh ekrq% ekrH;ke~ ekrH;%
"k"Bh ekrq% ek=ks% ekr.kke~
lIreh ekrfj ek=ks% ekr"kq
lEcks/kue~ gs ekr%! gs ekrjkS! gs ekrj%!

1- v/kksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq js[kkf`rL; inL; foHkfDra opua p fy[kUrq

foHkfDr% opue~
;Fkk oUns ekrje~A f}rh;k ,d
(i ) fnuskL; firk ;U=drkZ vfLrA ----------------- -----------------
(ii ) Jhjke% firq% minske~ viky;r~A ----------------- -----------------
(iii) vkoka fi=k lg jkT;lHkka xfe";ko%A ----------------- -----------------
(iv ) izkpk;Z% ee fi=s ,da i=e~ vfy[kr~A ----------------- -----------------
(v ) vga firja i"V~ok nkL;kfeA ----------------- -----------------
(vi ) rL;k% firfj vf/kdk izhfr% vfLrA ----------------- -----------------
(vii) ee ekrk lE;d~ xk;frA ----------------- -----------------
(viii) ekrq% rqY;k nsork ukfLrA ----------------- -----------------
(ix ) vga lo ee ek=s fuosn;kfeA ----------------- -----------------
(x ) jkf/kdk izfrfnua ek=k lg foif.ka xPNfrA ----------------- -----------------

37
2- v/kksnkkuka izukuke~ mkjkf.k vkoj.ks iznkkCnkuke~ mfpr:iS% fy[kUrq
izuk% mkjkf.k
(i ) ro ekrq% uke fde~\ ee ------------- uke Jherh deyk vfLrA
(ekr] "k-fo-)
(ii ) ro firq% uke fde~\ ee ------------- uke Jheku~ vkdkk% vfLrA
(fir] "k-fo-)
(iii) nkjFk% y{e.kL; d%\ nkjFk% y{e.kL; -------------A (fir] iz-fo-)
(iv ) lqfe=k k=q?uL; dk\ lqfe=k k=q?uL; -------------A (ekr] iz-fo-)
(v ) txnhk% ro d%\ txnhk% ee -------------A (Hkzkr] iz-fo-)
(vi ) y{e.k% dsu lg oue~ vxPNr~\ y{e.k% ------------- lg oue~ vxPNr~A
(Hkzkr] r-fo-)
(vii) Jo.kdqekj% d;ks% HkDr%\ Jo.kdqekj% ------------- HkDr% vklhr~A
(fir] "k-fo-]f}o-)
(viii) ro dfr Hkzkrj% lfUr\ ee pRokj% ------------- vfLrA (Hkzkr] iz-fo-)
(ix ) Roa dsu lg Hkze.kk; xPNfl\ vga ---------- lg Hkze.kk; xPNkfeA(Hkzkr] r-fo-)
(x ) Roa d;k lg vki.ka xPNfl\ vga ------------ lg vki.ka xPNkfeA(ekr] r-fo-)
(xi ) Roa ek=s fde~ v;PN%\ vga ------------- iqLrde~ v;PNe~A(ekr] p-fo-)

38
 17
foks";a foks"k.ke~ p
1- v/kksf yf[krkfu okD;kfu ifBRok izukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kUrq

(i) gfjr% kqd% [kknfrA

(ii) osr% diksr% HkzefrA
(iii) lqUnj% e;wj% uR;frA
(iv) prqjk ckyk iBfrA
(v) prqj% cky% iBfrA
(vi) [kx% uhys vkdkks mRirfrA
(vii) mUurs"kq o{ks"kq Qykfu lfUrA
(viii) bna kksHkua iqLrde~ vfLrA
(ix) l% uohua oL=a /kkj;frA
(x) losZ tuk% e/kqjkf.k opukfu onUrqA
izuk% mkjkf.k

(i) kqd% dhnk% vfLr\ gfjr%

(ii) dhnk% diksr% Hkzefr\ osr%
(iii) dhnk% e;wj% uR;fr\ ------------------------
(iv) dhnkh ckfydk iBfr\ ------------------------

(v) cky% dhnk% vfLr\ ------------------------

39
(vi) [kx% dhnks vkdkks mRirfr\ ------------------------
(vii) bna iqLrda dhnke~ vfLr\ ------------------------
(viii) oL=a dhnke~ vfLr\ ------------------------
(ix) Qykfu dhnks"kq o{ks"kq lfUr\ ------------------------

2- mifjfyf[krkfu lokZf.k mkjkf.k iqu% v= fy[kUrq&

---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

izukuke~ ,rkfu mkjkf.k foks"k.kinkfu lfUrA

3- v/kksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu iBrA foks"k.k&foks";k.kka ys[kua dqoUZ rq&

foks";e~ foks";e~

1- tuk% jDra nqxaZ xPNfUrA 1-

2- osr% gal% rMkxs rjA 2-

3- khryk xk izogfrA 3-

40
 4- uhya iq"ia fodlfrA 4-

5- ?kVs khrya tye~ vfLrA 5-

4- mfpr:is.k esyua Rok iqu% fy[kUrq&

foks"k.kkfu foks";kf.k iquys[Z kue~

oU;k% xk 1- -------------------------------

osro.kZ% exk% 2- -------------------------------

khryk gal% 3- -------------------------------

fodflrkfu Nk;k 4- -------------------------------

ikouh iq"ikf.k 5- -------------------------------

5- v/kksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq foks"k.k&foks";&inkfu js[kkf`rkfu dqoUZ rq&

;Fkk (i ) LoLFk% ckyd% xPNfrA (ii ) tuk% lq[ke;a thoua bPNfUrA

,oe~ (ii ) je.kh;a okrkoj.ka eu% je;frA (iii) kkUr% tu% loZtufiz;% HkofrA
(iv ) p ya eu% dq= u Hkzefr\ (v ) euksgkfj.kh unh v= izogfrA

41
 (vi ) ckyd% e/kqjxkua k.kksfrA (vii) m|kus mUurk% o{kk% lfUrA
( vii) fgeky;% mUur% ioZr% vfLrA (ix ) prqj% ckyd% xq#a uefrA
( x) cqfeku~ tu% Lo;a fpUr;frA (xi ) izlUu% ckyd% r= hMfrA

6- v/kksfyf[kre~ vuqPNsna ifBRok mfpr:is.k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

e w"kk iqjkrukfu] nq%f[krku~] Kkuo/kZdkfu] euksgjkf.k] Nk=%] oku~] ckyd%]

opua] e/kqja] yksdj{kde~] egkReu%AA

,"k% ------------------------------------- iznhi% izfrfnua lw;ksZn;kr~ iwoZe~ mfr"BfrA Lukukfnda Rok

------------------------------------- bZoja iz.kE; Lodh;kfu ------------------------------------- iqLrdkfu

iBfrA vfLeu~ iqLrds lqUnjkf.k ------------------------------------- p dFkkoLrwfu ifBRok Kkua

izkIuksfrA v= ------------------------------------- fp=kf.k n"V~ok izlUu% HkofrA --------------------
cqL; thoupfjra iBfrA rL; minskku~ Lothous vuqiky;frA ----------------------------------
tuku~ n"V~ok Lo;efi nq%[ke~ vuqHkofrA dBksja ------------------------------------- dnkfi u
onfrA ------------------------------------ tuku~ fuR;e~ milsorsA lnk --------------------------------
opua Hkk"krsA iznhi% lq;ksX;% ----------------------------------- vfLrA

42
7- fp=a n"V~ok mkjrA ;Fkk&
(i) ,"k% d%\ & ,"k% ckyd%A
ckydL; uke fde~\ & ckydL; uke jktho%A
jktho% dhnk%\ & jktho% cqfeku~ vfLrA
v= iz;qDra foks"k.ka foks";a p fpRok fy[krA
jktho% & foks";e~ _ cqfeku~ & foks"k.ke~A

(ii) ,oe~ & v;a d%\ v;a iq#"k%A

vL; uke fde~\ vL; uke&lq/khk%A

v;a dhnk%\ v;a fouez%A

foks"k.ka foks";a p fpRok fy[kr ---------------------------------------------------------A

(iii) ,"kk dk\ ,"kk efgyk A

vL;k% uke fde~\

,"kk p fiz;k efgykA

foks"k.ka foks";a p fpRok fy[kr --------------------A

vL;k% uke lq/kkA

43
(iv) ,rn~ fde~\ ,rn~ iq"ie~

,rn~ dhnke~\ ,rn~ lqUnje~

foks"k.ka foks";a p fpRok fy[krA ------------------------A

(v) bna dL; fp=e~\ m|kuL;A

m|kua dhnke~\ je.kh;e~ ------------------------A

foks"k.ka foks";a p fpRok fy[kr ------------------------A

(vi) bna dL;k% fp=e~\ u|k%A

unh dhnkh vfLr\ khrykA

foks"k.ka foks";a p fpRok fy[krA

(vii) ,"k% d%\ fo|ky;%A

,"k% dhnk% fo|ky;%\ lqUnj%A

foks"k.ka foks";a p fpRok fy[krA

44
(viii) (ix)

bna dL; fp=e~\ o{kL;A bna dL; fp=e~\ liZL;A

o{k% dhnk%\ fokky% A v;a dhnk%\ ".k%A
foks"k.ke~ --------------------------- A foks"k.ke~ --------------------------- A
foks";e~ --------------------------- A foks";e~ --------------------------- A

8- v/kksfyf[kre~ vuqPNsna ifBRok foks"k.k&foks";kf.k fpRok fy[kr&

vLekda fo|ky;s fokkya hMk{ks=e~ vfLrA fo|ky;L; ?k.Vk;k% Loj% e/kqj% vfLrA
losZ p Nk=k% lq;ksX;k% lfUrA ,da je.kh;e~ m|kue~ vfLrA r= vusdk% iqf"irk% yrk% lfUrA
mUurs"kq o{ks"kq #fpjkf.k Qykfu rFkSo lqxU/khfu iq"ikf.k p lfUrA nh?kkZlq kk[kklq gfjrkfu
i=kf.k lfUrA gfjrk% o.kkZ% kqdk% iDokfu Qykfu [kknfUrA piyk% okujk% brLrr% dwnfZ UrA
fokkys vkdkks uhyes?kk% izljfUrA es?klewga n"V~ok izlUuk% e;wjk% loZ= uR;fUrA vgks!
fd;r~ vkd"kZde~ m|kue~ bne~A

45
9- v/kks fyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq foks";&inkfu fpRok fy[krA

(i) v;e~ vLekda egku~ nsk% vfLrA -------------------------------

(ii) ,"k% iwT;% tu% HkofrA -------------------------------

(iii) tu% lqUnja xge~ vkxPNfrA -------------------------------

(iv) egku~ iq#"k% /keZe~ mifnkfrA -------------------------------

(v) eq[;% v/;kid% v= vkxPNfrA -------------------------------

(vi) fiz;k% ckydk% /kkofUrA -------------------------------

(vii) lR;okfnu% tuk% lEekua foUnfUrA -------------------------------

(viii) ,"k% izfl% fo|ky;% vfLrA -------------------------------

(ix) izp.M% lw;Z% vkdkks izdkkrsA -------------------------------

(x) khry% pUnz% jk=kS izdkkrsA -------------------------------

(xi) bna lqUnja xge~ vfLrA -------------------------------

(xii) prqjk% okujk% dwnfZ UrA -------------------------------

(xiii) e/kqjkf.k Qykfu o{kkr~ irfUrA -------------------------------

(xiv) ,"k% ihra oL=a u;frA -------------------------------

(xv) ljfl lqUnjkf.k deykfu lfUrA -------------------------------

(xvi) q% tu% lq[ka u izkIuksfrA -------------------------------

46
10- v/kksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq foks"k.k&inkfu fpRok fy[krA

(i) efyua oL=a u /kkj;srA~ -------------------------------

(ii) LoPNa tya lnk ficrqA -------------------------------

(iii) fodflra deya fpke~ vkd"kZ;frA -------------------------------

(iv) b;a kksHkk ;k=k vfLrA -------------------------------

(v) ,"k% nh?kZ%jTtq% vfLrA -------------------------------

(vi) opd% tEcqd% v= vfLrA -------------------------------

(vii) midkjd% i=okgd% i=a forjfrA -------------------------------

(viii) lnk lk/kq% O;ogkj% vko;d%A -------------------------------

(ix) dBksja opua u oDrO;e~A -------------------------------

(x) kksHkua fe=a vga i;kfeA -------------------------------

47
 18
l~[;k
,dLekr~ vkjH; ipkkr~ (1&50) i;ZUre~A

1- ,de~ ---------------- 18- v"Vknk ----------------

2- }s ---------------- 19- ,dksufoakfr% uonk ----------------
3- =hf.k ---------------- 20- foakfr% ----------------
4- pRokfj ---------------- 21- ,dfoakfr% ----------------
5- ip ---------------- 22- }kfoakfr% ----------------
6- "kV~ ---------------- 23- =;ksfoakfr% ----------------
7- lIr ---------------- 24- prqokfr% ----------------
8- v"V or v"VkS ---------------- 25- ipfoakfr% ----------------
9- uo ---------------- 26- "kM~foakfr% ----------------
10- nk ---------------- 27- lIrfoaakfr% ----------------
11- ,dknk ---------------- 28- v"Vkfoakfr% ----------------
12- }knk ---------------- 29- ,dksuf=akr~ or uofoakfr% ----------------
13- =;ksnk ---------------- 30- f=akr~ ----------------
14- prqnZ k ---------------- 31- ,df=akr~ ----------------
15- ipnk ---------------- 32- }kf=akr~ ----------------
16- "kksMk ---------------- 33- =;fL=akr~ ----------------
17- lIrnk ---------------- 34- prqfLa=kr~ ----------------

48
35- ipf=akr~ ---------------- 43- f=pRokfjakr~ ----------------
36- "kV~f=akr~ ---------------- 44- prqpRokfjaa kr~ ----------------
37- lIrf=akr~ ---------------- 45- ippRokfjakr~ ----------------
38- v"Vkf=akr~ ---------------- 46- "kV~pRokfjakr~ ----------------
39- ,dksupRokfjakr~@ 47- lIrpRokfjakr~ ----------------
uof=akr~ ---------------- 48- v"VpRokfjakr~ ----------------
40- pRokfjakr~ ---------------- 49- ,dksuipkkr~ @
41- ,dpRokfjakr~ ---------------- uopRokfjakr~ ----------------
42- f}pRokfjakr~ ---------------- 50- ipkkr~ ----------------

^^,d** kCn% (1)

l~[;kokpd% kCn%
foHkfDr% iqafY ys L=hfys uiqaldfys
izFkek ,d% ,dk ,de~
f}rh;k ,de~ ,dke~ ,de~
rrh;k ,dsu ,d;k ,dsu
prqFkhZ ,dLeS ,dL;S ,dLeS
ipeh ,dLekr~ ,dL;k% ,dLekr~
"k"Bh ,dL; ,dL;k% ,dL;
lIreh ,dfLeu~ ,dL;ke~ ,dfLeu~

^,d** kCnL; :ikf.k dsoye~ ,dopus ,o HkofUrA

49
 ^^f}** kCn% (2)
(dsoya f}opus)
foHkfDr% iqafY ys L=hfys uiqaldfys
izFkek }kS }s }s
f}rh;k }kS }s }s
rrh;k }kH;ke~ }kH;ke~ }kH;ke~
prqFkhZ }kH;ke~ }kH;ke~ }kH;ke~
ipeh }kH;ke~ }kH;ke~ }kH;ke~
"k"Bh };ks% };ks% };ks%
lIreh };ks% };ks% };ks%

^^f}** kCnL; :ikf.k dsoye~ f}opus ,o HkofUrA

^^f=** kCn% (3)

(dsoya cgqopus)
foHkfDr% iqafY ys L=hfys uiqaldfys
izFkek =;% frlz% =hf.k
f}rh;k =hu~ frlz% =hf.k
rrh;k f=fHk% frlfHk% f=fHk%
prqFkhZ f=H;% frlH;% f=H;%
ipeh f=H;% frlH;% f=H;%
"k"Bh =;k.kke~ frl.kke~ =;k.kke~
lIreh f="kq frl"kq f="kq

^^f=** kCnL; :ikf.k dsoye~ cgqopus ,o HkofUrA

50
 ^^prqj*~ * kCn% (4)
(dsoya cgqopus)
foHkfDr% iqafY ys L=hfys uiqaldfys
izFkek pRokj% prlz% pRokfj
f}rh;k prqj% prlz% pRokfj
rrh;k prqfHkZ% prlfHk% prqfHkZ%
prqFkhZ prqH;Z% prlH;% prqH;Z%
ipeh prqH;Z% prlH;% prqH;Z%
"k"Bh prq.kkZe~ prl.kke~ prq.kkZe~
lIreh prq"kqZ prl"kq prq"kqZ

^^prqj~** kCnL; :ikf.k dsoye~ cgqopus ,o HkofUrA

ipu~ (5) "kV~ (6) lIru~ (7) v"Vu~ (8)

izFkek ip "kV~ lIr v"V or v"VkS
f}rh;k ip "kV~ lIr v"V or v"VkS
rrh;k ipfHk% "kfM~Hk% lIrfHk% v"VfHk%
prqFkhZ ipH;% "kM~H;% lIrH;% v"VH;%
ipeh ipH;% "kM~H;% lIrH;% v"VH;%
"k"Bh ipkuke~ "k..kke~ lIrkuke~ v"Vkuke~
lIreh iplq "kV~lq lIrlq v"Vlq

51
 uou~ (9) nku~ (10)
izFkek uo nk
f}rh;k uo nk
rrh;k uofHk% nkfHk%
prqFkhZ uoH;% nkH;%
ipeh uoH;% nkH;%
"k"Bh uokuke~ nkkuke~
lIreh uolq nklq

/;krO;e~
^^ip** bfr ,rLekr~ vkjH; l~[;k&kCnkuka fykuqlkja :iHksn% u vfLrA
losZ"kq fys"kq leku:ikf.k ,o HkofUrA

1- v/kksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq l~[;kokpd&kCnku~ js[kkf`rku~ Rok rs"kka fya foHkfDra

p fy[kUrq&
fye~ foHkfDr%
;Fkk % v= ,d% ckyd% hMfr iq a f Yy% izFkek
(i) r= ,dk f}pfdk fr"BfrA ------------------ ------------------
(ii) vfLeu~ uxjs ,dk rifLouh vklhr~A ------------------ ------------------
(iii) ee Hkfxuh =hf.k Qykfu vku;frA ------------------ ------------------
(iv) };ks% gLr;ks% dfr v~xqY;% lfUr\ ------------------ ------------------
(v) fkf{kdk ,dka dFkka iBfr ------------------ ------------------

52
(vi) l% ,d;k hM;k izlUu% Hkofr ------------------ ------------------
(vii) v/;kid% f=H;% Nk=sH;% ikfjrksf"kde~ v;PNr~A ------------------ ------------------
(viii) ckfydk;k% frlz% ekyk% v= lfUrA ------------------ ------------------
(ix) Roa prq"kqZ egkuxjs"kq dq= okla drqZe~ bPNfl\ ------------------ ------------------
(x) prq.kk fdsV&hMdkuka ukekfu onrA ------------------ ------------------
(xi) egkdfo% dkfynkl% }s egkdkO;s vjp;r~A ------------------ ------------------
(xii) ,dfLeu~ lIrkgs dfr fnukfu lfUr\ ------------------ ------------------
(xiii) l% frlH;% unhH;% tye~ vkgjfrA ------------------ ------------------

2- etw"kkr% mfpra :ia fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

etw"kk ,de~ A }kS A =hf.k A pRokfj A ip A "kV~ A lIr A v"V A uo A

(i) ik.Mok% ---------------------------- vklu~ A

(ii) losZ"kka ------------------------------- ,o eLrde~ vfLr A
(iii) lIrkgs ------------------------------- fnukfu HkofUr A
(iv) czg~e.k% ----------------------------- eq[kkfu lfUr A
(v) Hkxor% fkoL; rq us=kf.k -------------------------- A
(vi) Hkkjrs i;kZ;s.k ------------------------------- ro% vkxPNfUr A
(vii) okujL; vfi ------------------------------- ckgw Lr% A
(viii) ----------------------------------- Hkqtk% lfUr A

(ix) xzgk% ---------------------------------- HkofUr A

53
3- fp=kf.k n"V~ok mfpr&l[;k&kCn&:is.k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;Urq&

(i) ---------------------------- ew " kd%

(ii) ---------------------------- jTtq%

(iii) ---------------------------- x g e~

(iv) ---------------------------- ojkgkS

54
(v) ---------------------------- ckfyds

(vi) ---------------------------- Qys

(vii) ---------------------------- fla g k%

(viii) ---------------------------- dU;k%

55
(ix) ---------------------------- uk.kdkfu

(x) ---------------------------- ckydk%

(xi) ---------------------------- /ks u o%

(xii) ---------------------------- u{k=kf.k

56
 19
vO;;kfu
bee~ vuq PNsna iBUrq
bnkuha izkr% dky% vfLrA izkr% ;nk lw;%Z mn;fr rnk lo okrkoj.ka LoPNa HkofrA
m|kus cgo% o{kk% yrklq cgwfu iq"ikf.k p lfUrA ;= iq"ikf.k lfUr r= Hkzejk% vkxR; e/kq
ficfUrA tuk% r= Hkze.kkFk xPNfUrA fkko% vfi r= vkuUnsu hMfUrA % vga Lo fe=S%
lg m|kua xRok vhMe~A v| vga r= xRok Hkze.ka djksfeA o% lk;e~ vfi vga r= xRok
hfM";kfeA ;fn Roa izfrfnua Hkze.kk; xfe";fl rfgZ kjhja LoLFka Hkfo";frA vr,o losZ
izfrfnue~ m|kua xRok izdr %s vkuUna vuqHkoUrqA kjhjL; LokLF;a eul% kkfUra p foUnUrqA

1- mifjfyf[kre~ vuqPNsna ifBRok LFkwykfu inkfu v/k% fy[kr

--------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------
--------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------
--------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------
--------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------

,rkfu lokZf.k vO;;inkfu lfUrA

2- etw"kk;k% leqfprkfu vO;;inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r

lk;adky%
(i ) ------------------ lk;`ky%A

57
(ii ) ------------------ vLekda ijh{kk Hkfo";frA
(iii) ------------------ vga fi=k lg vki.ke~ vxPNe~A
etw"kk
(iv ) ------------------ jfooklj % vfLrA
;Fkk&rFkk] v/kquk] vfi]
(v ) ee fe=e~ ------------------ e;k lg hfM";frA %] ;nk&rnk] ,o] v|]
(vi ) gs bZoj! Roe~ ------------------ ee cU/kq%A o%] ;fn&rfgZ ] p]
;=&r=] bnkuhe~A
(vii) ------------------ o;a hMk{ks=a xPNke%A
(viii) ------------------ nsk% ------------------ os k%A
(ix ) ------------------ deykfu ------------------ Hkzejk%A
(x ) ------------------ lE;d~ ifB";fl ------------------ lQyrka izkIuksf"kA
(xi ) ------------------ lw;Z% mn;fr ------------------ vU/kdkj% u;frA
(i ) ckydk% ckfydk% ------------------ mRlkgsu xkua xk;fUrA

3- etw"kk;k% lkgk;su okD;kfu jp;r

;Fkk & Roe~ bnkuha ikBa fy[kflA
bnkuha m|kue~ djksf"k
o% ikBa [kknfl
Roe~ g~;% vLeku~ i;fl
v| fda vxPN%
vfi fp=kf.k fy[kfl
,o Hkkstua j{kfl
v/kquk iqLrdky;a xfe";fl

58
(i ) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii ) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(iii) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(iv ) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(v ) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(vi ) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(vii) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4- v/kksfyf[kr&pkr~ vO;;inkfu fpRok nk okD;kfu jp;r

dq = ,o
dnk p
dfr ;Fkk] rFkk
%] o%] ;=
v/kquk] r=
v| dq =
v=

59
(i ) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(ii ) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(iii) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(iv ) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(v ) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(vi ) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(vii) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(viii) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(ix ) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x ) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

60
 20
^DRok* izR;;L; iz;ksx%
1- v= okD;};a fyf[kre~ vfLr] izFkeokD;L; f;kLFkkus DRok izR;;kUra ina
iz;Tq ; mnkgj.ke~ vuqlR ; okD;kfu fy[kr
;Fkk lqkhy% nqX/ka ficfr fo|ky;a p xPNfrA
lqkhy% nqX/ka ihRok fo|ky;a xPNfrA

(i ) euq% hMk{ks=a xPNfr hMfr pA

euq% hMk{ks=a xRok hMfrA

(ii ) foeyk laLra iBfr fy[kfr pA

foeyk laLra ------------------------- fy[kfrA ifBRok

(iii) o;a ukVda i;ke% xga p xPNke%A

o;a ukVda ------------------------- xga xPNke%A n"V~ok

(iv ) jke% Qya [kknfr /kkofr pA

jke% Qya ------------------------- /kkofrA [kkfnRok

(v ) ckfydk% ikBku~ iBfUr fy[kfUr pA

ckfydk% ikBku~ ------------------------- fy[kfUrA ifBRok

(vi ) jke% i=a fy[kfr izs"k;fr pA

jke% i=a ------------------------- izs"k;frA fyf[kRok

61
(vii) gfj.k% ous Hkzefr r.kkfu p pjfrA
gfj.k% ous ------------------------- r.kkfu pjfr pA HkzfeRok

(viii) fHk{kqd% Hkkstua [kknfr oua xPNfr pA

fHk{kqd% Hkkstua ------------------------- oua xPNfrA [kkfnRok

(ix ) l% yksda Lejfr onfr pA

l% yksda ------------------------- onfrA LeRok

(x ) pksj% Hkw"k.kkfu gjfr /kkofr pA

pksj% Hkw"k.kkfu ------------------------- /kkofrA Rok

(xi ) gfj.k% /kkofr tya p ficfrA

gfj.k% ------------------------- tya ficfr /kkfoRok

(xii) vga xga xPNkfe Hkkstua ipkfe pA

vga xga ------------------------- Hkkstua ipkfeA xRok

21
^Y;i~* izR;;L; iz;ksx%
1- f;kinsu lg Y;i~ izR;;a iz;Tq ; fy[kr
;Fkk& Nk=k% fo|ky;a izfokfUr vkpk; p iz.kefUrA
Nk=k% fo|ky;a izfo; vkpk; iz.kefUrA

(i ) lSfudk% ekrHkwfea iz.kefUr vkuUna p yHkUrsA

lSfudk% ekrHkwfea ------------------------- vkuUna yHkUrs iz.kE;
62
(ii ) okuj% o{ke~ vkjksgfr Qya p [kknfrA
okuj% o{ka ------------------------- Qya [kknfrA vk#g~;

(iii) HkDrk% nsoa lEiwt;fUr xga p xPNfUrA

HkDrk% nsoa ------------------------- xga xPNfUrA lEiwT;

(iv ) l% mius=e~ vUos"k;fr fo|ky;a p xPNfrA

l% mius=e~ -------------------------- fo|ky;a xPNfrA vUos";

(v ) ekyk dwikr~ tye~ vku;fr nsoky;L; p lehia xPNfrA

ekyk dwikr~ tye~ --------------- nsoky;L; lehia xPNfrA vkuh;

(vi ) l% vkuUne~ vuqHkofr fonska p xPNfrA

l% vkuUna ------------------------- fonska xPNfrA vuqHkw;

(vii) dfork izkr% "kM~oknus mfk"Bfr Lukua p djksfrA

dfork izkr% "kM~oknus ------------------------- Lukua djksfrA mRFkk;

(viii) mesk% Loxga ifjR;tfr ekrqyL; p xga xPNfrA

mesk% Lo xga ------------------------- ekrqyL; xga xPNfrA ifjR;T;

(ix ) dksfdy% o{ke~ mifokfr dwtfr pA

dksfdy% o{ke~ ------------------------- dwtfrA mifo;

(x ) lqds k% dk;kZy;kr~ vkxPNfr Hkkstua p [kknfrA

lqdsk% dk;kZy;kr~ ------------------------- Hkkstua [kknfrA vkxR;

63
 22
^rqeuq *~ izR;;L; iz;ksx%
1- rqeuq ~ izR;;a la;ksT; fjLFkkfu iwj;r&
;Fkk&
;ke% i=k;a ------------------- (xe~ $ rqequ~) bPNfr
;ke% i=k;a xUrqe~ bPNfrA

(i) vga xk;ke~ ------------------- (Luk $ rqequ~) xPNkfeA

(ii) iko% ------------------- (pj~ $ rqequ~) {ks=a xPNfUrA

(iii) l% xkua ------------------- (Jq $ rqequ~) okNfrA

(iv) l% dFkka ------------------- (dFk~ $ rqequ~) nsoky;a xPNfrA

(v) lkse% tUrqkkyke~ ------------------- (nk~ $ rqequ~) ^o.Mwj~* bfr iznske~ vxPNr~A

(vi) ui% lokZu~ ------------------- (j{k~ $ rqequ~) okNfrA

(vii) dqekj% ------------------- (hM~ $ rqequ~) hMk{ks=a ckydS% lg xPNfrA

(viii) losZ izkr%dkys Hkze.kk; ------------------- m|rk% lfUrA (Hkze~ $ rqequ~)

etw"kk
hfMrqe]~ Hkzferqe]~ dFkf;rq] nz"Vqe]~ pfjrqe]~
Lukrqe]~ Jksreq ]~ jf{krqe~

64
 fefJr% vH;kl%
1- v/kksfyf[kr&vuqPNsnkr~ ^DRok&Y;i~* izR;;kUrkfu inkfu fpRok ?kVe~ iwj;r&
jkgqy% izkr%dkys ?kfVdk;k% kCna JqRok] us=s mUehy; tEHk.ka Rok] k;ukr~ mRFkk;]
mius=e~ vfUo";] rr~ us=s fuos;] nUrdwp xghRok] nUrQsua fofyI;] nUrku~ {kkyf;Rok] eq[ka
kqhR;] iwtkxga xRok] r= HkDR;k fLFkRok] bZoje~ eulk /;kRok] yksdus izkFkZf;Rok] lk"Vka
ueLR;] O;k;kea Rok] nqX/ka ihRok] okrkZif=dka ifBRok] rr% LukRok] oL=kf.k p /kkjf;Rok]
vkgkja [kkfnRok] iqLrdkfu L;wrs LFkkif;Rok] L;wre~ vkuh;] Hkzkrja gLrsu uhRok] ikBkkyka
xPNkfrA

DRok Y;i~

65
2- uferk fda drqeZ ~ bPNfr bfr fp=k.kka lkgk;su dks"Bds nks% /kkrqfHk% lg ^rqeuq *~
izR;;a la;ksT; fy[kr&

(i) uferk tye~ ----------------------------

(ik $ rqeuq )
~ bPNfrA

(ii) uferk iqLrde~ ----------------------------

(iB~ $ rqeuq )
~ mifokfrA

(iii) uferk Qykfu ----------------------------

(h $ rqequ~) vki.ka xPNfrA

(iv) uferk oL=a ----------------------------

(uh $ rqeuq )
~ ekrq% lehia xPNfrA

66
(v) uferk xgdk; ----------------------------
( $ rqequ~)
okNfr ijUrq rw".khe~ ,o fr"BfrA

(vi) uferk ekyk% ----------------------------

(jp~ $ rqeuq )
~
iq"ikf.k vku;frA

(vii)

uferk /kua ---------------------------- (yHk~ $ rqequ~)

fokdks"ke~ xPNfrA

67
(viii) uferk i=a ---------------------------- (izs"k~ $ rqequ~) i=ky;a xPNfrA

(ix)

uferk ikBa ------------------------- (iB~ $ rqequ~)

fo|ky;a xPNfrA

(x) uferk xga ----------------------------

(xe~ $ rqequ~)
Qykfu [kknfrA

68
(xi) uferk flage~ ---------------------------- (nk~ $ rqequ~) tUrqkkyke~ xPNfrA

(xii) uferk iq"ikf.k ----------------------------

(vk $ uh $ rqeuq )
~ m|kua xPNfrA

(xiii) uferk uR;a ----------------------------

(nk~ $ rqequ~) lHkka xPNfrA

(xiv) uferk xkua ---------------------------- (Jq $ rqequ~)

lHkka xPNfrA

69
3- mfprS% inS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;Urq&
(i) o;a /ofufo{ksid&;U=L; lgk;r;k fofo/k dk;Zeku~ -------------------- (Jq $ rqequ~)
leFkkZ% Hkoke%A
(ii) tuk% nwjnkZusu euksjtdku~ dk;Zeku~ -------------------- (nk~ $ rqequ~)]
-------------------- (Jq $ rqequ~) p izHkofUrA
(iii) nwjHkk"ks.k tuk% okrkZykia -------------------- ( $ rqequ~) leFkkZ%A
(iv) vkdkkekxsZ.k nwjLFkkua fonska ok -------------------- (xe~ $ rqequ~) leFkkZ% HkofUrA
(v) jkdsV&lgk;r;k ekuok% pUnzxge~ -------------------- (xe~ $ rqequ~) leFkkZ% HkofUrA

4- DRok] rqeuq ~ p izR;;a la;ksT; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;Urq

70
5- v= fp=L; e/;s Y;i~ izR;;L; ^;* orZrs dks"BdsH;% ^milxZ $ /kkrq $ ;* ;ksxus
inkfu fy[kr&

(i) ---------------------------------- (v) ----------------------------------

(ii) ---------------------------------- (vi) ----------------------------------
(iii) ---------------------------------- (vii) ----------------------------------
(iv) ---------------------------------- (viii) ----------------------------------

71
6- v/kksfyf[krs okrkZykis dkfufpr~ inkfu ^DRok] rqeuq ]~ Y;i~* izR;;kUrkfu lfUr
rkfu fpRok le{ka nks fjDrLFkkus fy[kUrq
dfork % fe=! Roa dq= vxPN%\
pk#% % vga tUrwu~ nz"Vqa tUrqkkyke~ vxPNe~A
dfork % Roe~ dsu lg vxPN%\
pk#% % vga fi=k lg vxPNe~A
es.k lokZu~ tUrwu~ vfi vi;e~A
dfork % x.Md% vrho cyoku~A ,ua u
dksfi ekjf;rqa leFkZ%A fda Roa
re~ vi;%A
pk#% % vke~A vga u dsoye~ x.Mda
vfirq xte~ vfi vi;e~ xt% vfi
cyoku~A xte~ vk# vxPNe~A
dfork % okuje~ vf/kR; =hf.k okD;kfu onrA
pk#% % okuj% o{kkr~ o{ke~ dwfnZRok Qykfu [kknfrA
Qykfu [kkfnRok dwfnZRok o{kkr~ tya ikrqa xPNfrA okujL; i;kZ;% dfi%
vfLrA
dfork % kksHkue~A vkoka nsoky;a xRok bZoja iz.kE; xge~ xPNko%A
(1) ------------------------ (2) ------------------------
(3) ------------------------ (4) ------------------------
(5) ------------------------ (6) ------------------------
(7) ------------------------ (8) ------------------------
(9) ------------------------ (10) ------------------------

72