15-CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG

Adrenergic
nonsel adr antag-dibenamine, ergot alkaloid(ergotamine, ergosine, ergocornine,

in
ergocristine, ergocryptine), phenoxybenzamine(irrevers), phentolamine, tolazoline
sel 1adr agonist-mephentermine, metaraminol, phenylephrine, methoxamine,
midodrine, naphazoline, oxymetazoline, xylometazoline
sel 1adr antag-prazosin, indoramin, terazosin, doxazosin, alfuzosin, tamsulosin,

s.
silodosin, urapidil
sel 2adr agonist-apraclonidine, clonidine, methyldopa, guanfacine, guanabenz,
moxonidine, rilmonidine, brimonidine, tizanidine, dexmedetomidine
sel 2adr antag-yohimbine, idazoxan, mianserine, mirtazapine, tianeptine, amineptine
nonsel adr agonist-isoprenaline
iim
nonsel adr antag-pindolol(intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, max bioavail),
Nadolol(loNgest), propranolol(max LA activity), oxprenolol, timolol
sel 1adr agonist-dobutamine
sel 1adr antag-eSmolol(Shortest), atenolol(min prot binding), metoprolol(max
interindividual variation), acebutolol, bisoprolol, celiprolol, nebivolol(3rd gen),
betaxolol
sel 2adr agonist-terbutaline, ritodrine, orciprenaline(metaproterenol),
4a
salbutamol(albuterol), salmeterol, fenoterol, isoetharine, dopexamine(2,D1)
sel 2adr antag-butoxamine
sel 3adr agonist-sibutramine

Adrenocortical suppression
steroid(prednisone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone), aminoglutethimide,
m

fludrocortisone, ketoconazole, megestrol, metyrapone, mitotane

Alzheimer ds
antiAChE
synth-tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, eptastigmine, metrifonate
Ai

natural-galantamine
antioxidant-vitD,E
MAOI-selegiline
acetyl L carnitine
antiinflammatory-NSAID(piracetam-nootropic)
pleotropic(antiinflammat+antiproliferat)-statin
NMDA antag-memantine
monocloAb-babineuzumab(amyloid)
 Gingko biloba
secretas inh-semegarcestat, tarenfluril

antiAnginal
vasodilator
NO3
short-amylNO3, glycerylNO3
intermeD-isosorbide DiNO3

in
loNg(6-10h)-isosorbide moNoNO3(least 1st pass metab)
longest(12h)-pentaerythritol tetraNO3
newer-molsidone
K ch opener-nicorandil
CCB

s.
phenylalkylamine-verapamil
benzothiazepine
1,4dihydropyridine-nifedipine, nicardipine, isradipine, felodipine, amlodipine
oxyfedrine
cardiac depressant
CCB
adr antag
Na ch blocker-ivabradine
iim
modify substrate utilization
FA oxidat inh(pFOX)-trimetazidine, ranolazine
4a
Antibiotic
Gram+ve bact
penicillin
penicillinG&ester-penicillinG(benzyl penicillin), procaine penicillinG, benzathine
penicillinG
acid resist-phenoxymethylpenicillin(penicillinV),
phenoxyethylpenicillin(phenethicillin), acidocillin
m

penicillinase resist
acid labile-methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin
acid resist-flucloxacillin
G+ve&Gve-ampicillin(polar), becampicillin, talampicillin, pivampicillin, amoxycillin
Ai

extended spectrum
antipseudomonal
carboxypenicillin-carbenicillin, ticarcillin
ureidopenicillin-piperacillin, mezlocillin, azlocillin
amidopenicillin-mecillinam, pivmecillinam
lactamase inh-Amoxycillin+clavulinic acid(Augmentin), Ticarcillin+clavulinic
acid(Timentin), sulbactam, tazobactam
macrolide
 erythromycin, spiramycin, oleandomycin, triacetyloleandomycin
newer macrolide-roxithromycin, telithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
lincosamide-lincomycin, clindamycin
glycopeptide-vancomycin, teicoplanin, oritavancin, telavancin, dalbavancin
oxazolidinone-linezolid
streptogramin-quinupristine, dalfopristine
other-daptomycin, novobiocin, fucidin, bacitracin, mupirocin

in
Gramve bact
aminoglycoside-amikacin, neomycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin,
tobramycin, framycetin(soframycin), paromomycin, netilmicin
non aminoglycoside-colistin, polymyxinB, tyrothricin, cycloserine, spectinomycin,
fosfomycin

s.
monobactam-aztreonam

both G+ve,Gve
nitrofuran-nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, nifuroxime, nitrofurazone
cephalosporin
gen I
iim
O-cefalexin, cefadroxil
P-cefazolin
gen II
O-cefaclor, cefuroxime, loracarbef
P-cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefamycin
4a
gen III
O-cexime, cefopodoxime
P-cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, cefaperazone
gen IV-cefepime, cefelidine, cefpirome
gen V
P-ceftobipirole, ceftraraline
rifamycin
m

carbapenem-imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, doripenem, faropenem

both+Rickettsia+Chlamydia(broad spectrum)
tetracycline
Ai

I-tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline

II-lymecycline, demeclocycline
III-doxycycline, minocycline
demethylchlortetracycline, methacycline, tigecycline
chloramphenicol

acidfast bact
rifamycin
 B-rifampicin
S-rifabutin
rifaximin
viomycin
quinolone
nalidixic acid
fluoroquinolone-norfloxacin(least oral bioavailability), ofloxacin, lomefloxacin,
ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin(c/i liver fail), sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin,

in
moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, trovafloxacin

other
sulfonamide
systemic

s.
short-sulfadiazine, sulfadimidine(sulfamethazine), sulfacetamide,
sulfafurazone(sulsoxazole), sulfamethizole
intermediate-sulfamethoxazole
long(XI)-sulfadoXIne, sulformethoXIne, sulfamethoXYpyridazine, sulfadimethoXIne
iim
ulcerative colitis-sulfasalazine
topical-mafenide, sulfacetamide, Ag sulfadiazine

fungi
antibiotic-griseofulvin, amphotericinB, nystatin
antimetab-flucytosine
azole
4a
iMidazole(MECK)-Miconazol, Econazole, Clotrimazole, Ketoconazole
triazole-fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazol, ravuconazol, voriconazole
echinocandin-caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin
misc-terbinane

parasite
antimalaria
m

cinchona alkaloid-quinine, quinidine

quinoline derivative
4aminoquinoline-hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, amodiaquine, amopyroquine,
pyronaridine
Ai

8aminoquinoline(BPT)-Bulaquine, Primaquine, Tafeloquine

quinoline methanol-mefloquine, halofantrine, lumefantrine
acridine-mepacrine
antifolate
biguanide-proguanil
diaminopyridine-pyrimethamine, sulfonamide, trimethoprim
artemisinin
H2O Soluble-arteSunate
 lipid soluble-artether, artemether
antimicrobial-doxycycline, clindamycin, atovaquone
amoeba
emetine-emetine, dehydroemetine
imidazole-metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole, ornidazole
quinoline-diiodohydroxyquinoline, iodochlorohydroxyquinoline, chloroquine
antibiotic-tetracycline, paromomycin
misc-diloxanide furoate, nitazoxanide, kurchi

in
leishmaniasis
pentavalent antimony-meglumine antimonate, Na stibogluconate
diamidine-dihydroxystibamidine isethionate, pentamidine isethionate
misc-amphotericinB, aminocidin, miltefosine, paromomycin, sitamaquine
fumagillin

s.
virus
compound interfere with nucleic acid-idoxuridine, adenine arabinoside, acyclovir,
valacyclovir, famciclovir, ganciclovir, foscarnet Na, sorivudine, ribavirin, trifluridine,
azidothymidine iim
attachm/penetrat inh-amantadine, rimantadine, zanamivir(poorest oral bioavail, IN),
oseltamivir(neuraminidase inh)
reverse transcriptase inh-lamivudine
immune mech-IFN, globulin, monoclonal Ab(palivizumab)
misc-docosanol, fomivirsen
4a
Anxiolytic
BDZ
chlormethiazol
5HT1A agonist-buspirone, gepirone, ipsapirone, trospirone
adr antag-propranolol
SSRI
H1 antag-hydroxyzine
m

Vaughan William classif antiArrhythmic drug(SBPC)

class I-Na ch blocker
Ia(block Na,K)-Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide(highest antivagal)(Q Phir
Ai

Diya)
Ib(block Na,open K)-Tocainamide, Phenytoin, Lignocaine, Mexiletine(Tera Pyara
Lock Mujhe)
Ic(block Na)-Flecainide, Propafenone(Faltu Pyare), moricizine
classII-Bet adr antag
classIII-K ch blocker-dofetilide, ibutilide, amiodarone, dronedarone, bretylium, sotalol
classIV-Ca ch blocker
misc-multi ion blocker-vernakalant
 atrial arrhythm(VAD)-Verapamil, Adenosine, Digoxin(NaK pump antag, vagomimetic)
ventric arrhythm-IB
both-other

ART
indication
<1y-CD4<1500cell/mm
3-5y-CD4<350cell/mm

in
>5y-CD4<200cell/mm
NsRTI-ADR-lactic acidosis
zidovudine(ADV/AZT)-M.C, prevent vertic transmis fr 25.58%, prophylax of
needle-stick inj, ADR-macrocytic anem(myelosuppression), neutropenia, nail
hyperpigmentat(blue), lipoatrophy, mitoch myopathy with ragged red br,

s.
hepatomegaly
didanosine(ddl)-ADR-painful sens neuropathy(MC), diarrh, pancreatitis(max)
zalcitabine(ddc)-weakest NRTI, ADR-periph sens neuropathy
stavudine(D4t)-ADR-lipodystrophy(max), periph sens neuropathy(max)
iim
lamivudine(3TC)-best tolerated, no neuropathy/pancreatitis, used in HBV
emtricitabine(FTc)-HBV
abacavir-metab by alc DH, ADR-HSR(HLA-B5701), severe hyperlipidemia(MI)
NtRTI-Tenofovir-HBV, ADR-GI toxicity, Fanconi synd, hypophosphatemia
NNRTI(DEN)
Delavirdine(c/i in pregn)
Efavirenz(c/i in pregn), liver Enz
4a
Nevirapine-ADR-hepatotox(MC), neuropsychos, Steven Jhnsn synd, metab by
rifampicin
2nd gen-etravirine, rilpivirine
protease inh-ADR-lipodystrophy(Rx-tesmorelin)
saquinavir-best tolerat, no enzyme inh
Atazanavir-Acid pH for Absorption, PR interval, asympt hyperbilirubinemia
amprenavir-nephrolithiasis
m

indinavir-nephrolithiasis(max), cardiac arrhythmia

foSamprenavir-Stevens Jhnsn synd
ritonavir-ADR-circumoral paresthesia, enzyme inh CYP3A4,3D6(max)
nelnavir
Ai

lopinavir
tipRANavir-ADR-intracRANial hge
darunavir
CCR5 inh
maraviroc
aplaviroc-ADR-hepatotoxicity
vicriviroc
fusion inh-enfuvirtide-bind Gp41, SC
 ADR-inj site rxn,pneum
CD4 antag-Ibalizumab
maturation inh
bevirimab
abalicumab
integrase strand transfer inh
raltegravir
elvitegravir

in
dolulstegravir

antiAsthmatic
bronchodilator
2adr agonist

s.
short-salbutamol(albuterol), rimeterol, isoetharine, bitolterol, fenoterol, terbutaline
long-Salmeterol(Slow, long), Formoterol(Fast, long), vilenterol, arformoterol,
indacaterol, olodaterol, abediterol
nonsel adr agonist-orciprenaline, adrenaline, ephedrine
iim
phosphodiesterase inh-methylxanthine[thiophylline, aminophylline,
doxophylline(most cardiosafe)]
anticholin-ipratropium, thiotropium
anti inflammatory drug
glucocorticoid(phospholipase A2 inh)-budesonide, fluticasone, ciclosomide(least
ADR), prednisolone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone
leukotrine(LT) modier
4a
LT Antag-montelukAst(competit), zarlukAst
5lipoxygenase inh-zileuton
mast cell stabilizer-Na cromoglycate, nedocromil
PAF antag+mast cell stabiliz-ketotifen
anti IgEAb-omalizumab
anti IL5Ab-mepolizumab
MgSO4
m

antiCancer
alkylating agent
N2 mustard-mechlorethamine, uracil, cyclophosphamide, melphalan, mustard,
Ai

chlorambucil, ifosfamide, procarbazine, dacarbazine

nitrosurea-lomustine, carmustine, estramustine, semustine
ethylenimine-temozolamide, triethylene thiophosphoramide(thio-TEPA)
alkyl sulfonate-busulfan
antimetabolite
vitB9 antag-mtx, permetrexed, trimetrexed, palatrexate
purine antag-6mercaptopurine, azathioprine, 6thioguanine, azaserin, duazomycin,
fludarabine, cladribine, pentostatin
 pyrimidine antag-5fluorouracil, cytosine arabinoside(cytarabine), fluorodeoxyuridine,
gemcitabine, decitabine, capecitabine, azacitidine
RA isotope-radioI2, radioAu, radioP
cytotoxic antibiotic-actinomycinD, mitomycinC, rubidomycin, doxorubicin, epirubicin,
idarubicin, bleomycin, mithramycin, ixabepilone, mitoxantrone
antimitotic plant product
vinka alkaloid
vinka rosea-vinblastine, vincristine

in
semisynth-vindesine, vinorelbin
taxane-paclitaxel, docetaxel
epipodophyllotoxin-etoposide, teneposide
camptothecin-irinotecan, topotecan
h,antih

s.
glucocorticoid-prednisolone
estrogen-diethylstilbesterol
progestin-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, megestrol acetate
antiandrogen-flutamide, enzalutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, cyproterone,
abiraterone

SERD-fulvestrant
aromatase inh
iim
SERM-tamoxifen, toramefen, doloxifen, raloxifene

1st gen-aminoglutethimide
2nd gen
type1(steroid, irrevers)-exemestane, formestane
4a
type2-(nonsteroid, reversible)-letrozole, anastrozole, fadrozole, vorozole
GnRH agonist-luprolide, goserelin, busorelin, naferelin, desorelin, hisrelin, triprelin
GnRH antag-ganirelix, abarelix, colrorelix, degarelix
somatostatin analogue-octreotide, lanreotide
platinum comp-cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin
tyrosine kinase inh-imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, lapatinib, geftinib, sunitinib, soranib,
erlotinib, axitinib, pazopanib, vemuranib
m

monoclonal Ab-trastuzumab, rituximab, bevacizumab, panitumumab, alemtuzumab,

I131tositomonab, nivolumab
biological response modier-INF, BCG, levamisole
protease inh-bortezomib
Ai

PAF antag-apafant, lexifant

misc-hydroxyurea, mitotane, tretinoin, l-asparaginase, arsenic trioxide

Cholinergic drug
ester of choline-ACh, methacholine, carbachol, bethanechol
cholinomimetic alkaloid-pilocarpine, muscarine, arecholine
cholinesterase inh
reversible
 natural-physostigmine, galantamine
synth-neostigmine, pyridostigmine, ambenonium, demecarium, edrophonium,
tacrine, rivastigmine, donepezil
irreversible(esteric site)-tabun, sarin, soman, propoxyl, Diisopropyl Fluoro
Phosphate(DFP), octamethylpyrophosphotetramide, parathion, malathion, diazinon,
baygon
ACh vesic reuptake inh-vesamicol
ACh release-spider toxin

in
sel M1 agonist-oxotremorine
sel M3 agonist-bethanechol(resist to AChesterase& pseudoAChesterase),
pilocarpine, cevimeline, echothiophate

s.
antiCholinergic
natural-atropine, scopolamine(hyoscine)
semisynth-homatropine, ipratropium, thiotropium
synth
tert amine-dicyclomine, valethamate
iim
quatern amine-propantheline, methantheline, oxyphenonium, clidinium, pipenzolate,
glycopyrronium
diphemanil, poldine, procyclidine, pavatrine, drotavarine, trihexyphenidyl,
benztropine
ACh release inh-Bt toxin
sel M1 antag-pirenzepine, telenzepine
sel M2 antag-methoctramine, triptramine
4a
sel M3 antag-(SOFTblaDder)-Solifenacin, Oxybutynin, Flavoxate, Trospium,
Tolterodine, Darifenacin, homatropine, eucatropine, cyclopentolate,
tropicamide(fastest, shortest)
sel Nn antag-trimethaphan, varenicillin, hexamethonium, mecamylamine
sel Nm antag-SMR

CNS stimulant
m

direct acting
cortical-xanthine alkaloid(theophylline, caffeine, theobromine), amphetamine,
methylamphetamine, methylphenidate, pipradrol
medullary-picrotoxin, nikethamide, pentylenetetrazole, amiphenazole, camphor, CO2,
Ai

doxapram, medroxyprogest acetate

spinal-strychnine
reflexly acting
lobeline, NH3, veratrum, nicotine

antiCoagulant
oral-warfarin, bisOHcoumarin(longest), ethylbiscoumacetate(shortest),
acenocoumarol(nicoumalone)
 inj-heparin
direct thrombin inh
Oral-Dabigatran, Ximelagatran
parenteral
monovalent-argatroban, melagatran
bivalent-hirudin, bivalirudin, lepirudin
direct factXa inh
oral-apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban, betrixaban

in
inj
via antithrombin III-fondaparinux, idraparinux, idrapiotaparinux, avidin
direct-otamixaban
human activat protC-inactivat fact V,VIII
-drotrecogin

s.
antiDepressant
MAOAI(NA,5HT)
irrevers

revers
moclobemide
nonsel MA reuptake inh
iim
hydrazine-isocarboxazid, iproniazid, phenelzine
nonhydrazine-tranylcypromine

tricyclic(NRI, SRI, antiH1, antimuscarin, 1adr antag)-reboxitine, imipramine,

desipramine, trimipramine, clomipramine, protriptyline, amoxapine, dotheipin,
4a
amitryptiline, nortryptiline, doxepin, nitroxazepine
tetracyclic-maprotelin, mirtazapin(max sedation), mianserine
heterocyclic-trazodone, nefazodone, venlafaxine, bupropion
SSRI-fluoxetine(longest), paroxetine(teratog), fluvoxamine(shortest), sertraline(least
drug interaction), citalopram(highly sel)
sel NA RI-reboxetine
mood stabilizer-LiCO3
m

newer
2adr antag-mianserine, mirtazapine, tianeptin, amineptin
misc-carbamazepine, St John's wart
Ai

antiDiabetic
oral
insulin release
sulfonylurea(max)-tolbutamide(shortest, least potent, safest, min hypoglycemia),
chlorpropamide(longest, max hypoglycemia), glipizide, glibenclamide(glyburide),
gliclazide, glimepiride
meglitinide-repaglinide, nateglinide
hep gluconeogenesis
 biguanide-metformin, phenformin
intest glucosidase inh(min)-acarbose, miglitol
insulin resist
thiazolidinedione-rosiglitazone, pioglitazone(safe in ren failure), troglitazone
endog glucagon, synth amylin analog-pramlintide
GLP1 based-exenatide, liraglutide
dipeptidyl dipeptidase(DDP4) inh-sitagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, ritagliptin,
alogliptine

in
appetite-glucomannan(konjar tuber)
aldose reductase inh-epalrestat, ranirestat, darestat, tolrestat
insulin
rapid-lispro, aspart, glulisine
short-regular(soluble), semilente

s.
intermed-Zn suspension(lente), neutral protamine hagedorn(isophane)
long-protamin Zn, glargine, detemir

Diuretic
iim
osmotic(PCT)-mannitol, glycerol
carbonic anhydrase inh(PCT, Na,K,HCO3,P excret, metab acidosis,
hypokalemia)-acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide, methazolamide
loop(asc thick limb Henle loop, NaK2Cl symport, Na,K,Cl,Ca,Mg,P excret,
hypochloremic hypokalemic alkalosis, hyperuricemia)-furosemide, torsemide,
bumetanide, axosemide, tripamide, piretanide, ethacrynic acid
thiazide(DCT, NaCl symporter inh, Na,K,Cl,Mg excret, Ca excret, hyperglycemia,
4a
hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, hyperlipidemia, hypokalemia)
benzothiazide-chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, benzthiazide,
cyclophenthiazide, bendroflumethiazide, polythiazide
chlorthalidone-chlorexolone, indapamide, xipamide, clopamide
quinazolinone-quinethazone, metolazone
K sparing(cortical CD, Na reabsorpt, K,H+ secret, hyperchloremic,hyperkalemic
metab acidosis)-spironolactone, K canreonate, eplerenone, prorenone, mexrenone,
m

triamterene, amiloride
vassopressin recept antag(medull CD)- conivaptan, tolvaptan
xanthine(ren bld flow)-theophylline
Ai

antiEmetic
antiD-chlorpromazine, metoclopromide, domperidone
antihist-promethazine, dimenhydrinate, cyclizine, meclizine
antimuscarinic-scopolamine
anti5HT3-ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, palonosetron, ginger
neurokinin1/subs P antag-aprepitant, fosaprepitant
cannabinoid-nabilone, dronabinol
steroid-dexamethasone
 misc-trimethobenzamide, benzquinamide

antiEpileptic drug
delay recovery fr inactivation of Na ch-phenytoin, CBZ, lamotrigine, topiramate
low threshold Ca current in thalamus-ethosuximide
both-valproic acid, zonisamide
GABA related recept-barbiturate, BDZ
GABA release-gabapentin

in
GABA TRansaminase-vigabaTRine
GABA reupTake-Tiagabine
excit NT-lamotrigine
NMDA,GABAA-felbamate
other-levetiracetam, acetazolamide

s.
GABA( Amino Butyric Acid)
A
endogen agonist-GABA

B
agonist-muscimol iim
competitive antag-bicuculline
block Cl ch noncompet-picrotoxin
inverse agonist-carboline

agonist-Baclofen
antag-saclofen
4a
Glaucoma
1adr antag(secr)-0.5%timolol, betaxolol, carteolol, Levobunolol(Longest),
metipranolol, adrenaline, dipivefrine
2adr agonist(secr, trabec outflow)-brimonidine, apraclonidine
carbonic anhydrase inh(secr)
topical-dorzolamide, brinzolamide(high sp noncompet revers inh)
m

systemic-acetazolamide
PG(uveoscleral outflow)-0.005%latanoprost, bimatoprost, unoprostone, tafluprost,
travoprost
miotic(trabec outflow)-pilocarpine, physostigmine, demecarium, echothiophate
Ai

hyperosmotic agent-IV mannitol, oral glycerine

glucocorticoid
topical
mild-1%hydrocortisone
moderate-0.05%clobetasone butyrate, 2.5%hydrocortisone
potent-0.1%betamethasone valerate, 0.1%hydrocortisone butyrate,
0.025%fluocinolone acetonide, 0.2%triamcinolone acetonide
 very Potent-0.05%clobetasole ProPionate

Gout
xanthine oxidase inh-allopurinol
uricosuric-probenecid, sulnpyrazone, benzbromarone
metab degradation uric acid-rasburicase, pegloticase
a/c gout-NSAID, steroid, colchicine

in
Herbal product
coenzymeQ-statin induced myopathy
Echinacea-improve fn
ephedra-cold, wt loss
garlic(HMGcoA reductase inh)-lipid lowering

s.
Gingko biloba(neuronal glycoside)-dementia
glucosamine-osteoarthritis
milk thistle(silybin)-mushroom poisoni
Saw Palmetto(5reductase inh)-BPH

Terminalia arjuana-CCF

antiHistaminic
H1 blocker
iim
St John wart(microsome enz inducer)-depression, HTN

1st gen-diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimenhydrinate, promethazine, pheniramine,

trimeprazine, chlorpheniramine, triprolidine, cyclizine, meclizine, buclizine,
4a
methdilazine, mepyramine, antazoline, cinnarizine, flunarizine, hydroxyzine,
doxepin(TCA), cyproheptadine(H1+M+5HT2)
2nd gen-Loratadine(Longest, Least CNS depression), cetirizine, desloratadine,
fexofenadine, acrivastine(shortest), ebastine, levocetrizine, aStemizole(Slowest),
azelastine(nasal, max topical action), terFenadine(Fastest, least sedative),
olopatadine(nasal, ophth, oral), alcaftadine
H3 blocker-thioperamide, clobenpratit, ciproxifan, proxifan
m

H3 invers agonist-pitolisant, tiprolisant

antiHypertensive
adr neuron block-guanethedine, bretylium
Ai

monoamine vesicular uptake inh-reserpine

Kch open-hydralazine, minoxidil, diazoxide
renin inh-aliskiran, emalkiran, remilkiran
ACEI-captopril, ramipril, lisinopril
ARB-losartan, valsartan, telmisartan, olmisartan
aldosterone antag-spironolactone, canrenone, eplerenone, drospirone
CCB-verapaMIl(raceMIc MIxt)
 Hypnotic
sel GABAA agonist
BDZ
t>24h-chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, flurazepam, chlorazepate
t<24h-nitrazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam
t<5h-alprazolam, triazolam
nonBDZ-zopiclone, zolpidem, zaleplone, efzopiclone
nonsel GABAA agonist

in
barbiturate
t>8h-phenobarbitone, mephobarbitone
t=4-8h-amylobarbitone, butobarbitone, pentobarbitone
t<4h-secobarbitone
t ultrashort-thiopentone,methohexitone, hexobarbitone

s.
nonbarb-chloral hydrate, paraldehyde
melatonin(MT1,2 agonist)-tasimelteon, remelteon, agomelatine
nonsel orexin antag-suvorexant
misc-antihist-diphenhydramine, promethazine

Hypolipidemic
iim
HMG coA reductase inh-lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, atorvastatin,
rosuvastatin
bile acid sequestrant(resin)-colestipol, cholestyramine
lipoprot lipase activat(brate)-clobrate, gembrozil, bezabrate, fenobrate(longest,
max LDL)
4a
inh lipolysis, TG synth-nicotinic acid
inh intest cholesterol absorpt-ezetimib
inh acyl coA cholesterol acyl transferase1(ACAT1)-avasimibe
inh cholesterol ester TG tpt prot-torcetrapib
other-probucol, gugulipid

Laxative
m

stimulant/irritant
anthraquinone-cascara sagrada, senna
irritant oil-castor oil
misc-phenolphthalein, bisacodyl, Na picosulfate
Ai

osmotic-MgSO4, milk of magnesia, Mg citrate, NaK tartrate, lactulose, polyethylene

glycol
bulk-methyl cellulose, agar agar, bran, plantago seed
emollient-liquid parafn, dioctyl Na sulfosuccinate
Cl ch activator-lubiprostone
prokinetic-5HT4 agonist(tegaserod)

Prevention of Migraine
 5HT antag-pizotifen
adr antag-Propranolol(MC), atenolol
antidepressant-amitriptyline
CCB-flunarizine>verapamil
anticonvulsant-gabapentin, topiramate, valproic acid, levetiracetam
misc-clonidine, botulin tox A

Rx Migraine attack

in
analgesic-aspirin, paracetamol, codeine, butorphanol(nasal)
NSAID-naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, ketorolac
5HT1D agonist-sumatriptan
5HT partial agonist/antag-ergotamine, dihydroergotamine
D antag-metoclopramide, haloperidol, prochlorperazine

s.
monoclonal Ab
tu-tm, zu-humanised, xi-mouse, li-lower immunity, ci-circulation, vi-viral
trastuzumab(herceptin)-HER2neu+ve ca breast, ADR-infusion rxn,cardiomyopathy
pertuzumab
obinutuzumab-CD20+CLL
iim
alemtuzumab-CD20,52+B,Tcell, multiple sclerosis
gemtuzumab(antibiotic+ CD33+ calicheamicin)-AML
ibritumomab(RA yttrium)
tostitumomab(RA I131)
panitumumab(EGFR)-ca head&neck, ca colon
4a
cetuximab(EGFR)-ca head&neck, ca colon, ADR-hypomagnesemia
Rituximab-CD20+Bcell lymphoma, (CHINA)-Cu,vHemolytic anem, ITP, NHL,
Arthritis(RA)
basiliximab-CD25-prevent graft reject
daclizumab(IL2 antag)-prevent graft reject
natalizumab-bind 41integrin-EDSS in multiple sclerosis-ADR-PML
ocrelizumab-CD20+Bcell
m

vedolizumab(47integrin)-UC, Crohn ds
eculizumab-bind C5, PNH
tocilizumab(IL6 antag)
nivolumab-malign melanoma, non SmCC lung
Ai

abciximab(PLT)
palivizumab
beVacizumab(VGFR)-ca colon, RCC, DM retinopathy, ADR-HTN,CCF,pulm hge
Ranibizumab-DM Retinopathy
RAXibacumab-anthRAX
denosumab-RANKL maturat osteoclast
babineuzumab-amyloid-Alz ds
denosumab-osteoporosis
 NMDA antag
methoxetamine, methadone, felbamate, acamprosate, ketamine, phencyclidine,
dizocilpine, dextropropoxyphene, tramadol, pethidine, atomoxetine, N2O

NSAID
nonsel COX inh
salicylate-aspirin

in
paraaminophenol-phenacetin, paracetamol
pyrazolone-phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone
indole-indomethacin, sulindac
heterocyclic arylacetic acid-tolmetin, diclofenac, ketorolac
propionic acid-ibuprofen, fenoprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, pirprofen

s.
fenamat-flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid
oxicam-pirOxicam(OD)
sel COX2 inh-nimesulide, etodolac, nabumeton(least acidic), meloxicam, celecoxib

antiObesity iim
centrally acting, appetite suppressant(anorexient)
adr agonist-amphetamine, mephenteramine, benzphenteran, mazindol
5HT agonist-fenfluramine, fluoxetine, dexfenfluramine
both adr&5HT agonist-sibutramine
cannabinoid1 inverse agonist-rimonabant
drug acting in GIT
4a
bulk anorexient-dietary bre, guar gum, methylcellulose
nonabsorbable fat substitute-olestra
LIpase inh-orLIstat
misc-biguanide

Osteoporosis
bone resorption
m

SERM-raloxifene
bisphosphonate-etidronate, risedronate, pamidronate, alendronate(2nd gen amino
BNP)
HRT-E
Ai

calcitonin
Ca supplement
vitD
monoclonAb-denosumab
bone formation-teriparatide
both-strontium ranelate
activat Ca sens recept(CaR) in parathy gld-cinacalcent
 Ovulation inducing drug
synth GnRH
human menopausal gonadotropin, hCG
bromoergocriptine
antiestrogenic-clomiphene citrate

Pancytopenia
Colony stimulating factor(CSF)

in
rGCSF-lgrastim, peglgrastim, lenograstim
GMCSF-sargramostim, molgramostim
anem
erythropoietin-epoietin, darbopoietin
erythropoietin recept stim-peginesatide

s.
thrombopoietin GF
oprelvekin(IL11)
thrombopoietin
romiplostim
eltrombopag

antiParkinsonism
D
D precursor-Ldopa
iim
D metab
MAOBI(D)-selegiline, rasagiline
4a
COMT inh-tolCapOne, entaCapOne
release dopamine-amantadine
D agonist
ergot derived-bromocriptine, lisuride, cabergoline, pergolide
non-ergot derived-rotigotin, ropinirole, pramipexole, apomorphine
cholinergic activity
atrop subs-benzhexol(trihexyphenidyl), procyclidine, cycrimine, biperiden,
m

benztropine
antihist-promethazine, orphenadrine, diphenhydramine

PDE inhibitor
Ai

1)methylxanthine(theophylline, aminophylline)-1,2,3,4-asthma
2)cilomilast, roflumilast-4-asthma, COPD
3)Apremilast-4-Active psoriatic Arthritis
4)amrinone, milrinone-3-CCF
5)sildenal, vardenal, tadalal, avanal-5-erectile dysfunction
6)cilastazole-3-PVD
7)pentoxyphylline-nonsel-PVD, nonhealing ulcer foot, ischemic stroke,
rheological(bld viscosity), anti TNF, sperm motility, Peyronie ds, radiation&
 bisphosphonate induced osteonecrosis jaw

Peptic ulcer ds
gastric antacid
nonsystemic-Al(OH)3 gel, Mg trisilicate, Mg(OH)2, CaCO, magaldrate[Mg(OH)2+
Al(OH)3]
systemic-NaHCO3
antisecretary agent

in
H2 antag-cimetidine, ranitidine, faMOtidine(MOst potent), nizatidine(anti AChE),
roxatidine, loxatidine(noncompet)
PPI-omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazol
antimuscarinic-atropine, pirenzepine
mucosal protective agent

s.
bismuth salt-bismuth subcitrate, bismuth subsalicylate
sucralfate
PGE

newer P glycoprot inh iim

laniquidar, tariquidar, elaquidar, biricodar

PG
PGE1-misoprostol, alprostadil
PGE2-eriprostil, rioprostil, cerviprime(dinoprostone)
PGF2-latanoprost, bimatoprost, carboprost(dinoprost), travoprost, unoprostone
4a
PGI2-epoprostanol, treprostiril, Ilioprost(Inhalat), beroprost

antiPLT
prostacycline(PGI2)inh-epoprostanol
TXA2 formation inh
COX1 inh-aspirin
TX synthase inh-dazoxiben
m

TXA2 antag-ifetroban, sultroban, losartan, daltretoban, vapiprost, picotamide

ADP(P2y12) antag-clopidogrel, ticlopidine, prasugrel(fastest), crasugrel, ticragrelor,
cangrelor
phosphodiesterase inh-dipyridamole
Ai

Gp IIb/IIIa antag
antiPLT Ab-abciximab
synth inh-tiroban, eptibatide
protease activat recept antag-atopaxar, vorapaxar
PAF antag-lexipafant, apafant, rupatidine
inh PLT activation, adhesion, aggregation-NO

PPAR(PeroxoProliferator Activat Recept)

 -clobrate, fenobrate, ciprobrate, bezabrate, gembrozil
(Gam)-pioGlitazone
+-ragaglitazar, muraglitazar ,tesaglitazar, aleglitazar

antiPsychotic
phenothiazine-chlorpromazine, trifluperazine
Rauwola alkaloid-Reserpine
butyrophenone-haloperidol, trifluperidol

in
diphenylbutylpiperidine-penfluridol, pimozide, fluspirilene
thioxanthene-chlorprothixene, flupentixol
indolic derivative-molindone, oxypertine
Substituted benzamide-Sulpiride
atypical(5HT2A/2C antag)-clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, arsenapine(SL),

s.
risperidone, paliperidone, ziprasidone, iloperidone, aripiprazole(longest), sertindole

prim Pulm HTN(WHO classic)

1-CCB(nifedipine, diltiazem)

3-PGI2 agonist
4-combination therapy

RA
iim
2-sildenal, tadaLal(Longest), bosentan, ambresentan

NSAID-aspirin
steroid
4a
DMARD
Au salt-Na aurothiomalate, aurothioSO4, aurothioglu
chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine
d penicillamine
mtx
sulfasalazine
pyrimidine synth inh-leflunomide
m

biological agent
TNF antag-infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab
IL1 antag-anakinra
Tcell Activation inh-Abatacept
Ai

anti BcellAb-rituximab
immunosuppressant-azathioprine, cyclosporine

Serotonin
5HT1BD agonist-Sumatriptan(SC), rizatriptan(fastest), almotriptan(good bioavailabil),
frovatriptan(longest)
5HT2A/2C antag-ketanserin, ritanserin
5HT2C agonist-larCaserin
 5HT2 antag-pizotifen, cyproheptadine, methysergide
5HT3 agon-ergotamine, LSD, buspirone, cisapride, metoclopramide, tegaserod
5HT3 antag-cyproheptadine, mianserin, metoclopramide, methysergide, ketanserin,
clozapine, risperidone, alosetron, ondansetron
5HT4 agonist-cisapride, mosapride, tegaserod

Sexual problem
premature ejaculat-SSRI(dapoxetine), PDE5I

in
delayed orgasm-amantadine, buspirone, cyproheptadine
sexual stimulation-yohimbine, Zn, Gingko biloba, ginseng

Smoking
1st line

s.
nicotine agonist-varenicillin, nicotinic patch
NE,D reuptake inh-bupropion(amfebutamone)
2nd line
clonidine
nortryptiline
misc
iim
CB1 inverse agonist-rimonabant
topiramate
mecamylamine

antiTB
4a
cat I(red box)-HR(persistent)ZE(2)+HR(4)
spine TB,LN TB,TB meningitis9mth
cat II(blue box)-failure, relapse, default
HRZES(2)+HRZE(1)+HR(5)
cat IV-MDRTB
group1-1st line oral
2-injectable-kanamycin, amikacin, capreomycin, streptomycin
m

3-fluoroquinolone-moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin

4-oral bacteriostatic-ethionamide, PAS, protionamide, cycloserine, terizidone
5-agent with unclear efcacy-bedaquilone, telamanid
18mth
Ai

XDRTB
culture sensitive 5-6 drug18mth
steroid-meningitis, pericarditis, adrenal insufciency(Addison ds), pleural effusion,
miliary TB, ARDS

antiThyroid
synth
I2 trapping, binding-K perchlorate, thiocyanate
 thyroid peroxidase, synth of MIT&DIT, coupling rxn-methimazole, carbimazole,
propylthiouracil, methylthiouracil
periph T4T3-adr antag, RAI(ipodate)
release,storage-KI(fastest), Lugol I2(5%I2+10%KI)
destroy acinii-RAI

Tocolytic(uterine relaxant)
CCB-nifedipine

in
COX inh-indomethacin
2adr agonist-ritodrine, salbutamol, terbutaline
oxytocin recept antag-atosiban
MgSO4
NO donor-nitroglycerine

s.
antiTussive
pharyngeal demulcent-syrup, linctus
expectorant-NH4 salt, Eucalyptus oil, KI, anise, lemon, cedar wood oil, alcohol,
iim
glyceryl guaiacolate, ipecacuanha, K citrate, vasicine
central cough suppressant
opioid-codeine, hydrocodone, noscapine, dextromethorphan, pholcodeine,
levopropoxyphene, diamorphine, methadone
non opioid-caramiphene, pipezethate
antihist-diphenhydramine, chlorcyclizine
periph acting
4a
local anaest-levodropropizine, neb lignocaine, benzonatate
mucolytic-acetylcysteine, bromhexine, ambroxol, dornase
antiACh-ipratropium

Tyrosine kinase antag

Epidermal Growth Factor Recept(EGFR)/HER-1
ERlotinib-met nonSmCC lung, ca pancR
m

Geftinib-met non SmCC lung

Vascular Growth Factor Recept(VGFR)
SunITinib-RCC, GIST
sorafenib-RCC, HCC
Ai

axitinib-sorafenib resist
Platelet Derived GF Recept(PDGFR)
imatinib-CML, GIST
Multitargetted
VandEtinib(EGFR, VGFR)-med ca thy
Pazopanib(VGFR, PDGFR)-RCC
lapatinib(HER1&2)-ca breast
lenVatinib(VGFR)-papillary,follicular thy ca
 dasatinib, nilotinib-imatinib resist CML
vemuranib-malign melanoma

Vasopeptide
agonist
ANP-cArperitide
BNP-nesiritide
Urodilantin-Ularitide

in
vasopeptidas inh-sampatrilat, ecadotril, ompatrilat, candoxatrilat

Vasopressin
V1 agonist
esoph varices-terlipressin, felypressin, lypressin

s.
V1 antag
HTN-relcovaptan
aNxiety-Nelivaptan(V1b)
V2 antag
iim
SIADH-lixivaptan, mazavaptan, tolavaptan, relcovaptan
nonsel V antag-conivaptan(V2>V1)

Abbreviations
a-artery, AA-amino acid, abtc-antibiotic, AI-autoimmune
bef-before, bel-below, b/l-bilateral, bld-blood, b/n-between, bn-benign, br-branch,
Bx-biopsy
ca-carcinoma, carb-carbohydrate, c/i-contraindication, c/l-contralateral,
4a
conc-concentration, cong-congenital, Cx-cervix
d-day, def-deficient, ds-disease, d/t-due to, Dx-diagnosis
E-estrogen
fem-female, fr-from
gld-gland, glu-glucose
h-hormone
idiop-idiopathic, i/l-ipsilateral, inf-infection, inj-injury
lig-ligament, LL-lower limb, l/t-leading to
m

m-muscle, maj-major, mal-male, MC-most common, met-metastasis, min-minor,

mtx-methotrexate, Mx-management
n-nerve, norm-normal
P-progesterone, pl-plasma, prot-protein, pt-patient
Rx-treatment
Ai

SCC-squamous cell carcinoma, sr-serum, Sx-surgery, sz-seizure

tm-tumour, ts-tissue
UL-upper limb, u/l-unilateral
vag-vagina, VC-vocal cord, vel-velocity, vert-vertebra, vit-vitamin, vol-volume
w-week, wt-weight
Xr-X ray
y-year
#-fracture
-degree
 THESE NOTES ARE ONLY FOR THE PURPOSE OF GUIDANCE AND HELP TO PG
ASPIRANTS, NOT FOR COMMERCIAL OR OTHER PURPOSE. REFERENCE HAS
BEEN TAKEN FROM VARIOUS STANDARD TEXTBOOKS.

in
s.
iim
4a
m
Ai