) ) Tishreen University Journal.

Arts and Humanities Series

_ ) (29 )2007(1
Tishreen University Journal for Studies and Scientific Research- Arts and Humanities Series Vol. (29) No (1) 2007

:

*

) .2006 / 9 / 2 (8/2/2007

.

.





.
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(A.F. Tytler )



.

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_ ) (29 )2007(1
Tishreen University Journal for Studies and Scientific Research- Arts and Humanities Series Vol. (29) No (1) 2007

Translation between Dependence and Independence

*
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149
 :

Ambiguity of the Concept of Translation As an

Independent Science

Dr. Yaser Ibrahim *

(Received 2 / 9 / 2006. Accepted 8/2/2007)

ABSTRACT

Translation plays a vital role in civilized communication among nations, where its
significance in sciences and literatures enriches humanity, at large. Its trip towards
independence was preceded by a long period of dependency that put it in a shaky position.
Today, translation witnesses a recognized stage of development that elaborates its
pioneering role in deepening the ways, for different nations in communicating effectively.
The Abbasseid Period, when translation flourished, was widely known where the Caliphate
al-Mamoun extremely supported translators and specified an award like a weight of gold
for a translated book. This method of assessing and encouraging translation is not so
different from that of our days during which a newly translated book is compared to an
authorized one. Some translation theoreticians believe that communication-oral or written-
is one form of translation. Besides, principles of translation have been proposed in special
authorized books (see A.F. Tytler), followed by more specialized principles of translation
that express the depth of translative experience in every field of knowledge, e.g. literature
(poetry, drama, and prose), scientific text, and other relevant strategies and methods.
However, its appearance as an independent science has expounded important criteria for
teaching it, especially in what affects the choice of the text, the methodology of translating
it, and 'scientific' faithfulness, besides the ultimate goal after its rendition.
This piece of research aims at answering a vital question about confirming the
independence of the science of translation and its recognized principles.

Keywords: Independence of Translation, Dependence of Translation, Translation as

Science, Art and Skill, Modern Translation Theory.

: .1
:

*
Assistant Professor in the Department of English, Faculty of Arts and Humanities; Tishreen
University; Lattakia, Syria.

150
 ) ) Tishreen University Journal. Arts and Humanities Series

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) .(Baker 2000: 320


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.(Vs. textual equivalence

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J. C. Catford (1965: 1) proposes in his book A Linguistic Theory of Translation: "Translation is an
operation performed on languages: a process of substituting a text in one language for a text in another.
Clearly, then, any theory of translation must draw upon a theory of languagea general linguistic theory".

152
 ) ) Tishreen University Journal. Arts and Humanities Series

)grammar-
(translation method
) .(Yule 1996: 192

.

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(1964 ) (Nida and Taber: 1969 ) (Catford 1965

)(transformational generative grammar
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1964
( ) Savory 1968: 157-
(165 ) (Newmark 1988: 187
) Hatim, Shunnaq and Bakli

154
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) (1995
... ( Salama-Carr 2000: 112.
.2.4 :



. ) Gouadec 1989-1990 (Shuttleworth and Cowie 1997-1999: 1
) (absolute translation
) (abstract translation
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156
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(29 ) (Baker 2000 ).(Shuttleworth and Cowie 1999: 59, 43-44
:









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157
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(Munday 2001: 133

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.
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158
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) :(Steiner's Hermeneutic Motion
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.

:Bibliography
:
. .
: .1999 .

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.1995
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. : .2000 .
" . "
. 87 1996
. : . .1996
. . :
.1992 .
" . : "
. 87 1996 .:
.1996 .
. ./ / . :
.1995 .

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