) : (

) /( -7

) (1
.
) (2
.
) (3


.
) (4

.
) (5
.
) (6 ) (Feeders 4 2

16.2
) (7

)
1000(.
) (8

) . .(
.

1/7


) : (

) (9

.
) (10
.
) (11


.
) (12
:

) :(1-7

300 ) (
) (
) (
10 ) (


1 1.5
150 ) (

) (13
.

2/7


) : (

1-7


. :
-1 :
..
) (.
-2 .
-3 .
-4 :

.
-5 :
* .Symmetrical short circuit current
*
Asymmetrical short circuit to ground current
) (1

) (2-7 ) (1-7
) (3-7:
kW 1000
=I )(7-1
3 V cos

kVA 1000
=I
3V )(7-2

Horse Power 0.746 1000
=I )(7-3
3 V cos

3/7


) : (

:
= I
= V )(r.m.s
= cos
=
) (2

. 5.
-:
* 100
] )[(TN
).(Grounded neutral service
* 133
] )[(IT
) Ungrounded neutral
.(service

) (Line to line voltage
.

).(Phase to ground fault

) (3

.
.

) ( .

4/7


) : (

) (4


) (XLPE ) (PVC
90 65 70 .





.
1-1-7 )(Paper insulated, PIC
) (2-7
.

) :(2-7

Maximum sustained conductor temperature 70 deg C

Ground Temperature 25 deg C
Ambient air temperature (free air-shaded) 30 deg C
Ground Thermal Resistivity 1,2K.m/W
Depth of laying to top of cable or duct 800 mm

5/7


) : (

) (3-7 ) (7-7

:

) :(3-7

Correction factor
)Depth of laying (mm Direct in ground In single way ducts
800 1,00 1,00
1100 0,98 0,99
1250 0,96 0,97
1500 0,95 0,96
2000 0,92 0,94

) :(4-7

Correction factor
) Thermal Resistivity ( k o m / W Direct in ground In single way ducts
1,0 1,07 1,03
1,5 0,92 0,95
2,0 0,84 0,89
2,5 0,76 0,84

) :(5-7

Correction factor
No of Direct in ground In single way ducts
cables )Axial spacing (mm )Axial spacing (mm
in
Touching 150 300 450 600 Touching 300 450 600
group
2 0,80 0,85 0,89 0,90 0,92 0,88 0,91 0,93 0,94
3 0,69 0,75 0,80 0,84 0,86 0,80 0,84 0,87 0,89
4 0,63 0,70 0,77 0,80 0,84 0,75 0,81 0,84 0,87

6/7


) : (

Correction factor
No of Direct in ground In single way ducts
cables )Axial spacing (mm )Axial spacing (mm
in
Touching 150 300 450 600 Touching 300 450 600
group
5 0,57 0,66 0,73 0,78 0,81 0,71 0,77 0,82 0,85
6 0,55 0,63 0,71 0,76 0,80 0,69 0,75 0,80 0,84

) :(6-7

Maximum conductor )Ground temperatures (deg C

)Temperature (70 deg C 25 30 35 40 45
Correction factor 1,00 0,95 0,90 0,85 0,80

) :(7-7

Maximum conductor )Air temperatures (deg C

)Temperature (70 deg C 25 30 35 40
Correction factor 1,10 1,00 0,94 0,87

2-1-7 ).(XLPE INSULATED

-:

) :(8-7 )(XLPE

Maximum sustained conductor temperature 90 deg C

Ground temperature 25 deg C
)Ambient air temperature (free air-shaded 30 deg C
Ground thermal resistivity 1,2K.m/W
Depth of laying to top of cable or duct 800 mm

7/7


) : (

) :(9-7 )(XLPE

Correction factor
)Depth of laying (mm Direct in ground In single way ducts
500 - 800 1,00 1,00
850 - 1000 0,97 0,96
1050 - 1200 0,95 0,95
1250 - 1400 0,93 0,95
1450 - 1600 0,92 0,94

) :(10-7
)(XLPE

Correction factor
Thermal Resistivity
Direct in ground In single way ducts
) ( k om /W
0,7 1,23 1,28
1,0 1,08 1,12
1,2 1,00 1,00
1,5 0,90 0,93
2,0 0,80 0,85
2,5 0,72 0,80
3,0 0,66 0,74

8/7


) : (

) :(11-7 )(XLPE

Correction factor
Direct in ground In single way ducts
No of cables
)Axial spacing (mm )Axial spacing (mm
in group
Touching 250 700 Touching 250 700
2 0,79 0,85 0,87 0,87 0,91 0,93
3 0,69 0,75 0,79 0,80 0,86 0,91
4 0,63 0,68 0,75 0,75 0,80 0,87
5 0,58 0,64 0,72 0,72 0,78 0,86
6 0,55 0,60 0,69 0,69 0,74 0,83

) :(12-7
)(XLPE

Maximum conductor )Ground temperatures (deg C

)Temperature (90 deg C
25 30 35 40 45
Correction Factor 1,0 0,96 0,9 0,88 0,84

) :(13-7
)(XLPE

Maximum conductor )Air temperatures (deg C

)Temperature (90 deg C 30 35 40 45 50
Correction factor 1,0 0,95 0,89 0,84 0,78

3-1-7 )(PVC INSULATED

) (14-7
.

9/7


) : (

) :(14-7 )(PVC

Maximum sustained conductor temperature 70 deg C

Ground temperature 25 deg C
)Ambient air temperature (free air-shaded 30 deg C
Ground thermal Resistivity 1,2K.m/W
Depth of laying to top of cable or duct 500 mm

) :(15-7 )(PVC

Correction factor
Depth of laying In single way
Direct in ground
)(mm ducts
500 1,00 1,00
800 0,97 0,97
1000 0,95 0,96
1250 0,94 0,95
1500 0,93 0,94
2000 0,92 0,93

) :(16-7
)(PVC

Correction factor
Thermal resistivity Direct in ground In single way ducts
) ( k om / W
1,00 1,08 1,04
1,5 0,93 0,96
2,0 0,83 0,88
2,5 0,78 0,87

10/7


) : (

) :(17-7 )(PVC

Correction factor
No of Direct in ground In single way ducts
cables )Axial spacing (mm )Axial spacing (mm
in
Touching 150 300 450 600 Touching 300 450 600
group
2 0,81 0,87 0,91 0,93 0,94 0,90 0,93 0,95 0,96
3 0,70 0,78 0,84 0,87 0,90 0,82 0,87 0,90 0,93
4 0,63 0,74 0,81 0,86 0,89 0,78 0,85 0,89 0,91
5 0,59 0,70 0,78 0,83 0,87 0,75 0,82 0,87 0,90
6 0,55 0,67 0,76 0,82 0,86 0,72 0,81 0,86 0,90

) :(18-7
)(PVC

Maximum conductor )Ground temperatures (deg C

)Temperature (70 deg C 25 30 35 40
Correction Factor 0,90 0,85 0,80 0,74

) :(19-7
)(PVC

Maximum conductor )Air temperatures (deg C

)Temperature (70 deg C 30 35 40 45
Correction Factor 1,00 0,94 0,87 0,79

) (5


.



90 250

11/7


) : (

.

.

) :(20-7

) (K )(





0.071 0.110 150 70 2
300


0.062 0.096 130 70 2
300
0.098 0.143 250 90
0.078 0.116 65

)(

.
.
):(4-7
KA
= I sc )(7-4
t

Where:
)Isc = Short circuit rating of cable (kA
)A = Cross sectional area of conductor (mm2
)t = Time to trip (seconds
K = Cable short circuit factor
) (K ) .(20-7

12/7


) : (

) (1-7
) (PVC 1 10.
) (2-7
) (XLPE 1 30.
- ) (3-7
10-1..
- ) (4-7
20-12..
- ) (5-7
30-18..

)(


):(5-7
CA
= I EF )(7-5
t

Where:
C = A factor that depends on the earth path material. (Steel wire armor, lead
)sheath, or copper tape
A = Cross-sectional area of earth path.
t = Fault duration in seconds.

13/7


) : (

) :(1-7 )(PVC
10-1

14/7


) : (

) :(2-7
XLPE 1 30

15/7


) : (

) :(3-7
10 - 1

16/7


) : (

) :(4-7
20 12

17/7


) : (

) :(5-7
30 18

18/7


) : (

4-1-7
) :(1

) (PVC 70 2 1.
:
kA
= I sc
t
) 70 = ( A.2
) ] 0.111 = ( K ).[(20-7
) 1 = ( t.
1 = 7.77. .

) :(2
120
240 2
XLPE .
200 .
:
) 240 = ( A.2
) ] 0.098 = ( K ) .[(20-7
) 120 = ( t ) 0.12(.
120 = 63.7. .
) 200 = ( t ) 0.2(.
200 = 49.4. .

) :(3
750 22.
) (C.B 200
50 2 ) (XLPE 0.8

19/7


) : (

25
5
:
= 131.37 =(221.73) /5000.

) (6
140
.

= 19.7 = (310 221.73) 610750. .

) (2 .
50 = (A .2
)
) .0.098 = ( K
) 200 = ( t ) 0.2(.
= 10.3. . )19.7
..(.
50 2
.

) (4
2
0.4/11 3

1.25 2 ./
25
250 100
0.5 .

20/7


) : (

:
= ) 105=(310111.73 )(6102.
= ) 0.96 ) 1-1-7((
= ) 0.84 ) 1-1-7((
= 1.00
:
= 130 = (1.000.840.96) 105

) (6 353 2 .

:
= 1.73
= 3105 0.627 1.73
= 341.8 ) 3.2 11.(.

:
=)13.14=(110001.73)(610250..
0.5 =
35 0.116 kA
= 5.742.) . (. =
0.5 t
: ) 0.116 (K ).(5

:
A 0.116
= 13.14
0 .5
A = 80 mm 2
95 2
.
:
= 5.254 = (110001.73 ) 610100..

21/7


) : (

95 2 = 198.2.2
198.2 0.024
= 6.7.. 0.5 =
0.5
.
95 2 .
) (4



.

/ 2-7
1-2-7


. )
(


.


.


.

.
.

22/7


) : (

.
2 3.
.




. ) (6-7
.

23/7


) : (

  )"5 :(6-7 23"#/01% +',-%)%( '& "# $"%   

24/7


) : (

) (8-7) (7-7
.

) :(7-7

25/7


) : (

) :(8-7

)(
25
5000 ) .(9-7

.

26/7


) : (

. ) (10-7
.

800 2400 A

1600 4000 A

1600 6300 A

) : (9-7

27/7


) : (

162 9 1
352 10 2
11 3
70 2

12 T 4
70 2
) 13 5
(
14 L 6
15 7
16 8

) :(10-7

) .(Feeder Type Bus Duct

28/7


) : (

) .(Distributor Type Bus Duct

) (11-7
600 5000
).(Indoor Type

) :(11-7

) (12-7
) . (Outdoor Type
)(
)( .

)( ) (

) :(12-7

29/7


) : (

.
) (13-7

:
* )(
.

.

.

.
* )(

) (Protective Earth conductor
.

.


.

30/7


) : (

-
-
-
-
-
-


-

- -
- -
- -

) :(13-7

* )(
.



.
* )(
.
.
.

31/7


) : (

)( )(Feeder Bus Duct

.
. ) (14-7
.

   
600A 2000A '6/ 2000- 600
2000 -600

) :(14-7

)( )(Distributor Bus Duct

.
.

32/7


) : (

. ).(15-7

) .(16-7



.

-
'& %!"#
)(Load side

'&() % *#
)(Supply side

'&() % *# '& %!"#

)(Supply side )(Load side

) :(15-7

33/7


) : (

'& %!"#
- 1 . , )(Load side
4

'&() % *#
)(Supply side

'&() % *# '& %!"#

)(Supply side )(Load side

TAP-OFF BOX
(6 1

) :(16-7

34/7


) : (

)(

) .(99.9

.


.
.
) (17-7
.


.

) :(17-7

35/7


) : (

)((
.

.
90 .
.
) (18-7
)( ) (.

) ( )(

) :(18-7

) (19-7 ) (

. ) (

.

36/7


) : (

) ( )(

) :(19-7

) .(20-7 ) (
90 .
) ( T
) (

.

) ( )(

) :(20-7 T

37/7


) : (

)(



) (Expansion Joint )(.


.
.

)( )(Reducer

) ( )(

) :(21-7

)(
-


)
(

38/7


) : (

) ( ) (
)
( .
- ) (22-7 .


.


).(23-7
.
-
) (Flexible connectors
)
(
.

) :(22-7 ) (
) (

39/7


) : (

) :(23-7 ) (
) (

)(
)
(

.

).(24-7

; &7 9: &7

)( )(

) :(24-7

40/7


) : (

)(


) (25-7 ) (26-7 ) .(27-7

? >=<
? <

) ( )(

) :(25-7 )( )(

41/7


) : (

? =#  
) 500 1200(

? =#   (1*4 7

) 1000 600(

) :(26-7
.

42/7


) : (

(G 7 ?*#=# 

 5000-600

) (27-7

)(
) (28-7 ) (29-7 ) (30-7
.

43/7


) : (

) :(28-7

) :(29-7
)(

44/7


) : (

) :(30-7
)( )(

45/7


) : (

2-2-7



.
) (Bus ducts
.

. :
) (1 ) ( )
.. (
)
(.
) (2 .
) (3 .
) (4
.

)(
,
) (6-7 ) (7-7 ) (8-7 :
kW 1000
= In )(7-6
3 V cos

kVA 1000
= In )(7-7
3 V

HP 0.746 1000
=I
3 V cos )(7-8

46/7


) : (

:
: I
: V )(r.m.s
: cos
:


.
120

125
.

.
) :(5
1000.. .
) 120 + 240 3 (2
.
:
1000 1000 kVA1000
= 1520 = = ) (1
3 380 3 V
) (2 100
1520
) (3
)120+2403 (2
480.
1520
= 3.16 ) (4 =
480
4.
:

47/7


) : (

-1 1600 4
.
-2 .

)(
-

.
- /
) (3
) .(6

-
1
.2.5
= )
( )( )(.
-
5/3 13/3
.
-


.

):(6
380 PVC
125 110 .
. 2.5
:

48/7


) : (

= ) / /(
.
/ / =
) 0.69 = (125110) / (380 0.025 / /.
23/3
0.69 0.68
) (PVC ) 50 + (95 3.2

)(

)
( .
.
400

5 7.22

.
2
, 1 70
95 2 .
( 2
)
95) 2 7.725
2( 150 2 ) 8.061
2( . 1
.

):(7

-:

49/7


) : (

RMU

  11..
250...

500..
Z= 5%

# $%!  380

)*+,-(&'&$

2
2- 95 ./0  100
04

# $%! $&9:

2
2- 70 ./0  50
04

M
4- 100.
 .-08- 0.9

-:

50/7


) : (

) (p.u
)-:(Base MVA
) (p.u )Base MVA/ Fault level MVA = (ZN
)= (ZT
) (p.u Base MVA x transformers impedance/transformers MVA
) (p.u )Z(ohms) x base MVA / V(kV) =(ZL
) (p.u =ZN + ZT + ZL
:
)(Base MVA / p.u. total impedance) = fault level ( MVA
fault level ( MVA) 10001000 / 3 x voltage (V) =fault current
) ( 100 MVA
) (p.u -:
) (p.u 0.4 =100/250 )=(ZN
) (p.u 10 = (100/0.5) X 0.05 )=(ZT
185 2 ) 0.1445/(.
100 = 0.01445
) (p.u )10.004 = 0,01445 x 100 / (0,38)2 =(ZL
) (p.u = 20.4 = 0.4 + 10 + 10
= (MVA) 4.9= 100/20.4
= (kA) 7.44 = (4.9 X1000000) / 3 380
70 2 8.05


.
200
1
.

51/7


) : (

) (Isc
) (9-7:
A K
= I sc )(7-9
t

:
K:
)K =0. 115 for PVC / Copper cables (70C - 160C
)K =0. 143 for XLPE / Copper cables (90C - 250C
)K =0.076 for PVC / Aluminum (solid or stranded) cables (70C - 160C
)K =0.0 94 for XLPE / Aluminum (solid or stranded) cables (90C - 250C
)K =0. 115 for PIC / Copper cables (70C - 160C
)K =0.0 76 for PIC / Aluminum (stranded) cables (70C - 160C
) (A ) (2 ) (t .
0.2
:
0.076 115
= Is = 19.54 KA
0.2
70 2 .
) :(8
30 380
.PVC
250 15...
0.5
2.5 0.8
0.86 .87
:
= 40.01=(0.870.86) 30..
= 61 =(3801.73) 31040
= = 76.25=0.861
2
= 354
) 23/3 (

52/7


) : (

0.5 = 22.8 =(380 1.73 ) 310 15..

):(10-7
A K
= I sc )(7-10
t

: K 0.076
2
= 212 =0.076 ( 0.5 )22.8
2
240
= ) / /(
= 5.72= (250 76.25 ) 0.3
1.5 .
)(




.

) :(21-7

Correction factor

) :(22-7

53/7


) : (

Correction factor

) :(23-7

Correction factor

) :(24-7

Correction Factor

) :(25-7

Correction Factor

54/7


) : (

) :(26-7

Correction Factor
No. Of cables
1 2 3 6 9
Condition
Cable touching 1 0.9 0.84 0.80 0.75
Clearance D*between cables 1 0.95 0.9 0.88 0.85

:
) (D ) (26-7
.
150
.

3-2-7
)(
.
).(IEC 60466
)(80

).(27-7

) :(27-7

80
...
)( )(2 )(
830 120 + 240 3 500 500
1540 400 + 800 3 1200 1000
2055 500 + 1000 3 2000 1600
2525 800 + 1600 3 2500 2000
3150 1200 + 2400 3 3000 2500

55/7


) : (

)(


).(IEC 60466

56/7