Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Problem I
Philippine Viewpoint:
1 $ = P40; 1 Peso = $0.025 ($1/P40)
1 Singapore dollar = P32.00; 1 Peso = 0.03125 Singapore (1 Singapore Dollar/P32)
Peso P8,000
2. FCU = = = $200; or
Direct Exchange Rate P40.00
Problem II
a. Exchange rates:
Arrival Date Departure Date
2. The direct exchange rate has decreased. This means that the peso has strengthened during Mr.
Alt's visit. For example, upon arrival, Mr. Alt had to pay P33 per each dollar. Upon departure,
however, each dollar is worth just P32.50. This means that the relative value of the peso has
increased or, alternatively, the value of the dollar has decreased.
3. The Philippine peso equivalent values for the 100 Singapore dollars are:
Arrival date
100 dollars x P33.00 = P3,300
Departure date
100 dollars x P32.50 = 3,250
Foreign Currency Transaction Loss P
50
Mr. Alt held dollars for a time in which the dollars was weakening against the peso. Thus, Mr.
Alt experienced a loss by holding the weaker currency.
Problem III
1. If the direct exchange rate increases, the peso weakens relative to the foreign currency unit. If the
indirect exchange rate increases, the peso strengthens relative to the foreign currency unit.
2.
Importing Peso NA NA NA NA
Importing L G G L
LCU
Exporting Peso NA NA NA NA
Exporting LCU G L L G
Problem IV
1.
December 1, 20x4 (Transaction date):
Purchases.. 973,200
Accounts payable ($24,000 x P40.55) 973,200
2.
a.
a.1. None transaction date (December 1, 20x4)
a.2. P6,000 loss
a.3. P3,600 gain (March 1, 20x5)
b.
b.1. P979,200 spot rate on the balance sheet date or current rate on the balance sheet
b.2. P973,200 spot rate on the transaction date or historical rate on the balance sheet date.
Problem V
1. December 1, 20x4 (Transaction date):
Accounts receivable ($60,000 x P40.00) 2,400,000
Sales 2,400,000
2.
a.
a.1. None transaction date
a.2. P42,000 gain
a.3. P6,000 loss (March 1, 20x5)
b.
b.1. P2,442,000 spot rate on the balance sheet date or current rate on the balance sheet
b.2. P973,200 spot rate on the transaction date or historical rate on the balance sheet date.
Problem VI
The entries to record these transactions and the effects of changes in exchange rates are as follows:
Problem VII
1. May 1 Inventory (or Purchases) 8,400
Accounts Payable 8,400
Foreign purchase denominated in pesos
Problem VIII
1. Denominated in FC
RR Imports reports in Philippine pesos:
2. December 1, 20x4
Inventory (or Purchases) 10,500
Accounts Payable (FC) 10,500
P10,500 = FC 15,000 x P.70
Problem IX
1. December 31, 20x6
Accounts Receivable (FC1) 10,000
Foreign Currency Transaction Gain 10,000
Adjust receivable denominated in FC1
to current peso equivalent
and recognize exchange gain:
P83,600 = FC475,000 x P.176 Dec. 31 spot rate
- 73,600 = Preadjusted Dec. 31, 20x6, value
P10,000
CDL could have hedged its exposed position. The exposed positions are only those
denominated in foreign currency units. The accounts receivable denominated in FC1 could be
hedged by selling FC1 in the forward market, thereby locking in the value of the FC1. The
accounts payable denominated in FC2 could be hedged by buying FC2 in the forward market,
thereby locking in the value of the FC2.
Problem X
Foreign Currency Foreign Currency
Accounts Transaction Exchange Transaction
Receivable Accounts Payable Loss Exchange Gain
Case 1 NA P16,000(a) NA P2,000(b)
2. d 20x4 20x5
P.4895 x FC30,000 P14,685 P.4845 x FC30,000 P14,535
P.4845 x FC30,000 14,535 P.4945 x FC30,000 14,835
Gain P 150 Loss P (300)
3. b January 15
Foreign Currency Units (LCU) 300,000
Exchange Loss 15,000
Accounts Receivable (LCU) 315,000
Collect foreign currency receivable and
recognize foreign currency transaction
loss for changes in exchange rates:
P300,000 = (LCU 900,000 / LCU 3) Jan. 15 value
- 315,000 = Dec. 31 Peso equivalent
P 15,000 Foreign currency transaction loss
6. c P4,000
Accounts Payable (FCU)
(200,000 x P.4875) 12/10/x4 97,500
AJE 4,000
(200,000 x P.4675) 12/31/x4 93,500
8. c P5,000
Accounts Receivable (FCU)
10/15/x4 100,000
AJE 5,000
Note: The receivable is recorded on October 15, 20x4, when the goods were shipped, not on
September 1, 20x4, when the order was received.
9. b P1,000
Accounts Payable (FCU)
(10,000 x P.60) 4/08/x4 6,000
x4 AJE 500
(10,000 x P.55) 12/31/x4 5,500
X5 AJE 1,000
(10,000 x P.45) 3/01/x5 4,500
Settlement 4,500
Bal. -0-
X5 AJE Accounts Payable (FCU) 1,000
Foreign Exchange Gain 1,000
10. b P9,000 = 300,000 FCUs x (P1.65 - P1.62). The foreign currency transaction gain is computed
using spot rates on the transaction date (November 30, 20x4) and the balance sheet date
(December 31, 20x4). The forward exchange rates are not used because the transaction was
not hedged.
11. b
Cash collected (spot rate date of settlement): 900,000 LCU x P.3333 = P300,000
12. d
20x4: (P.5395 P.5445) loss x 70,000 FCU = P350 loss
20x5: (P.5445 - .P5495) loss x 70,000 FCU = P350 loss
13. c
Date of transaction (7/7) P 2.08
Balance sheet date (8/31) 2.05
Foreign exchange currency gain per FCU P .03
Multiplied by: No. of FCU 350,000
Foreign exchange currency gain P 10,500
14. b
Date of transaction (7/3) P 1.58
Balance sheet date (8/31) 1.55
Foreign exchange currency gain per FCU P .03
Multiplied by: No. of FCU 375,000
Foreign exchange currency gain P 11,250
15. b The value of the asset acquired should be the spot rate on the date of transaction, i.e. P-80.
Therefore, the final recorded value of the electric generator should be P40,000 (P.80 x 50,000 FCs)
16. a
Date of transaction P .75
Date of settlement .80
Foreign exchange currency gain per FCU P .05
Multiplied by: No. of FCU 200,000
Foreign exchange currency gain P 10,000
17. d
Date of transaction (12/15) P .60
Balance sheet date (12/31) .65
Foreign exchange currency gain per FCU P .05
Multiplied by: No. of FCU 80,000
Foreign exchange currency gain P 4,000
18. b
Date of transaction (11/30) P 1 .65
Balance sheet date (12/31) 1.62
Foreign exchange currency gain per FCU P .03
Multiplied by: No. of FCU 300,000
Foreign exchange currency gain P 9,000
19. b
Date of transaction (11/30) P1.49
Balance sheet date (12/31) 1.45
Foreign exchange currency gain per FCU P .04
Multiplied by: No. of FCU 500,000
Foreign exchange currency gain P 20,000
20. a
Date of arrival (P1,000 / 480,000 FC) P .00208
Date of departure (P100/50,000 FC) .00200
Foreign exchange currency loss per FCU P .00008
Multiplied by: No. of FCU 50,000
Foreign exchange currency loss P 4
21. b
Date of transaction (10/1) P 1.20
Balance sheet date (12/31) 1.10
Foreign exchange currency gain per LCU P .10
Multiplied by: No. of LCU 5,000
Foreign exchange currency gain P 500
22. d
Date of transaction (11/2) P 1. 08
Balance sheet date (12/31) 1.10
Foreign exchange currency gain per LCU P .02
Multiplied by: No. of LCU 23,000
Foreign exchange currency gain P 460
23. a
Date of transaction (9/3) : P17,000 / P.85 = 20,000 FC P . 85
Date of settlement (10/10) .90
Foreign exchange currency loss per FC P .05
Multiplied by: No. of FC 20,000
Foreign exchange currency loss P 1,000
24. b
Date of transaction (3/1) : P31,000 / P.31 = 100,000 FC P . 31
Date of settlement (5/10) .34
Foreign exchange currency gain per FC P .03
Multiplied by: No. of FC 100,000
Foreign exchange currency gain P 3,000
25. a
Date of transaction (12/5) P .265
Balance sheet date (12/31) .262
Foreign exchange currency gain per FC P .003
Multiplied by: No. of FC 100,000
Foreign exchange currency gain P 300
26. d
Balance sheet date (12/31) P .262
Date of settlement (1/10) .264
Foreign exchange currency loss per FC P .002
Multiplied by: No. of FC 100,000
Foreign exchange currency loss P 200
27. c
Foreign exchange currency gain (No. 25) P 300
Foreign exchange currency loss (No. 26) _ 200
Overall gain , net P 100
or,
Date of transaction (12/5) P .265
Date of settlement (1/10) .264
Foreign exchange currency gain per FC P .001
Multiplied by: No. of FC 100,000
Foreign exchange currency gain P 100
28. c
9/5: Original forward rate or 90-day forward rate P .1850
12/2: Date of expiration of the contract (assumed) since the
term spot rate was used .1865
Foreign exchange currency gain per FC P .0015
Multiplied by: No. of FC 100,000
Foreign exchange currency gain P 150
It should be noted that since, the forward contract was not designated as a hedge, offsetting of gain or loss on the hedged item and
hedging instrument is not allowed. Therefore, the foreign exchange gain due to revaluation of receivable from foreign currency
receivable arising from forward contract will be reported separately, instead of being netted against the exchanges loss of P300
[(P.1865 P.1835) x 100,000 FCs.]
29. c the question is related to purchase transaction or exposed liability, therefore the payment of the
liability is equivalent to the spot rate on the date of settlement.
30. b
20x4
Date of transaction (12/1/20x4) P .0095
Balance sheet date (12/31/20x4) .0096
Foreign exchange currency loss per FC P .0001
Multiplied by: No. of FC 1,000,000
Foreign exchange currency loss P 100
20x5
Balance sheet date (12/31/20x4) P .0096
Date of settlement (1/10/20x5) .0094
Foreign exchange currency gain per FC P .0002
Multiplied by: No. of FC 1,000,000
Foreign exchange currency gain P 200
31. c
Balance sheet date (12/31/20x4) P125,000
Date of settlement (7/1/20x5) 140,000
Foreign exchange currency loss P 15,000
33. d
1/1: Original forward rate or 60-day forward rate P .940
3/1: Date of expiration of the contract .930
Foreign exchange currency gain per FC P .010
Multiplied by: No. of FC 100,000
Foreign exchange currency gain P 1,000
It should be noted that since, the forward contract was not designated as a hedge, offsetting of gain or loss on the hedged item and
hedging instrument is not allowed. Therefore, the foreign exchange gain due to revaluation of payable to foreign exchange dealer
arising from forward contract will be reported separately, instead of being netted against the exchanges loss of P1,500 [(P.945
P.93) x 100,000 FCs.]
34. c
It was assumed that the forward contract was designated as a hedging instrument.
35. d
It was stated in the requirement that the forward contract will not be used, therefore, only the loss on
hedged item will be recognized.
36. d
Date of transaction (4/8) : P1 / .65 FC (direct quote) P 1.54
Date of settlement (5/8): P1/ .70 FC (direct quote) 1.43
Foreign exchange currency loss per FC P .11
Multiplied by: No. of FC 35,000
Foreign exchange currency loss P 3,850
37. d the amount of sales should be the spot rate on the date of transaction (or the balance sheet date -
historical rate). I.e., P1.7241 x 10,000 FCs = P17,241.
38. e
1/1: Date of transaction spot rate P 1.7241
12/31: Balance sheet date 1.8182
Foreign exchange currency gain per FC P .0941
Multiplied by: No. of FC 10,000
Foreign exchange currency gain P 941
39. b
Balance sheet date (12/31/20x4) P 1.8182
Date of settlement (1/30/20x5) 1.6666
Foreign exchange currency loss per FC P .1516
Multiplied by: No. of FC 10,000
Foreign exchange currency loss P 1,516
40. a since accounts payable is an exposed account meaning their value will fluctuate based on the spot
exchange rates, the value of the accounts payable should be the value on May 8, i.e., the spot rate of
P1.25 (P.15 x 2,000,000 FCs = P2,500,000).
41. c
5/8: Date of transaction spot rate P 1.25
5/31: Balance sheet date 1.26
Foreign exchange currency loss per FC P 0.01
Multiplied by: No. of FC 2,000,000
Foreign exchange currency loss P 20,000
42. e in a two-transaction approach, the recognition of foreign exchange gain or loss is separate from the
settlement, therefore, the amount of accounts payable to be settled should be the spot rate on the
settlement date, i.e., P1.20 (P1.20 x 2,000,000 FCs = P2,400,000)
43. a
Balance sheet date (12/31/20x4) P8,000
Date of settlement (3/2/20x5) 6,900
Foreign exchange currency loss P 1,100
44. d
4/8/20x3: Date of transaction P 97,000
12/31/20x3: Balance sheet date 103,000
Foreign exchange currency loss P 6,000
45. d
Balance sheet date (12/31/20x3) P103,000
Date of settlement (4/2/20x4) 105,000
Foreign exchange currency loss P 2,000
Theories
1. False 6. True 11. True 16. d 21. c 26. d 31. c 36 b
2. False 7. False 12. D 17. d 22. b 27. b 32. d 37. d
3. True 8. True 13. C 18. c 23. a 28. d 33. d 38. c
4. False 9. False 14. C 19. b 24. d 29. - 34. b 39. a
5. True 10, True 15. B 20. a 25. b 30. a 35. b