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My Korean1 2nd Ed PDF
My Korean1 2nd Ed PDF
Korean
1
Young-A Cho
In-Jung Cho
Douglas Ling
To our parents
This book and its accompanying audio files are licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.5 Australia License.
This book and its accompanying audio files are available online at
http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/korean/klec.
Help us improve!
Korean.Studies@arts.monash.edu.au
PREFACE ix
TO THE TEACHER AND THE LEARNER xiii
UNIT 1 ? 1
Situation Dialogue 1 3
Greetings 5
Introducing Yourself 7
Introducing Others 8
+ye-yo/i-e-yo am; are; is 9
Situation Dialogue 2 13
Korean Names 14
Addressing People at the Office: Titles 16
Addressing Peers at School: seonbae and hubae 18
Addressing Unknown People at the Shops 19
Situation Dialogue 3 23
Saying Goodbye 24
Greetings, Thanks and Other Expressions 27
UNIT 2 31
Aspirated Consonants 39
Writing Syllables 46
Tensed Consonants 49
i
Pronouncing Final Consonants 51
Combined Vowels 53
Sound Shifts 58
Classroom Expressions 66
24 Basic Consonants and Vowels (Table) 69
Expanded Consonants and Vowels (Table) 70
UNIT 3 ? 73
Situation Dialogue 3 89
Negative Question Usage 90
Spaces Between Words 91
UNIT 4 ? 95
ii
Coming & Going: , , 112
UNIT 5 ? 115
What 127
UNIT 6 ? 155
iii
Vocabulary: Question Words 161
Vocabulary: Study Words 161
Telling the Time: # oclock 162
: How many..?; What..?; How (old)..? 163
UNIT 7 ? 191
UNIT 8 225
iv
Situation Dialogue 3 251
Restaurant Related Expressions 255
Pure Korean Numbers 256
Noun +, +(), +/ and 262
UNIT 9 ? 265
UNIT 10 ? 313
v
Vocabulary: Faculties and Departments 326
Word Contractions 328
Situation Dialogue 3 331
Vocabulary: Family 334
vi
Appendix 12: Adjective Future Tense Endings 422
Appendix 13: Adjectives with +; +() 430
Appendix 14: Adjectives with 434
+()(), +/() & () ()
Appendix 15: Adjectives with 438
+(), +/() & +() ()
Appendix 16: Casual Adjective Endings 442
+/, +/, +()
Appendix 17: Particles and Suffixes 446
Appendix 18: Korean Editing Symbols and Handwriting Sheet 448
vii
Preface
ix
We have changed all the situation dialogues to make them more
authentic. In particular, we have broken away from the conventional method
of using mainly polite styles of speech throughout the entire book, because
this method tends to create highly unauthentic situations. For example, this
method created a very unlikely situation where two close friends used the
polite style of speech to each other. Therefore, we have used different styles
of speech which are appropriate to each situation, resulting in the use of close
friend style of speech in most cases. This style of speech is also more
appropriate for our students because they can immediately use it when they
talk to one another or when they talk to their Korean friends.
Another major change is the use of comics for every situation
dialogue to provide more extra-linguistic cues. When we communicate, we
use all kind of extra-linguistic cues available to make sense out of each
others speech. However, text-only dialogues lack these extra-linguistic cues
and make a students job of making sense out of an already foreign language a
lot harder. In order to solve this problem, we have used comics alongside the
recording of each situation dialogue, turning the dialogue multimodal and as
close as to that of a real situation. This multimodal dialogue allows learners
make meaning by using a crucial combination of words, graphics and sound.
Now, we should like to thank all those who have contributed in
different ways to this book:
To the Korea Foundation for the 2008 grant which made it possible to
include the comics for the situation dialogues and gave us the last push
into finishing this book;
To Ju Han Lee from Yeundoo Studio in Korea (http://yeundoo.com) for
the front cover design and the comics for the situation dialogues, and
Lae-Young Lee for her assistance with comic storyboard descriptions;
To Hye-Jung Kim for most of the illustrations other than the situation
dialogue comics;
x
To Joel Atkinson, Erin Fitzgerald, Stephen Gartlan and Vicky Ryan for
formatting and editing;
To Youngsam Moon for providing invaluable information about
contemporary Korean expressions used by young people and for various
administrative works including organising a recording party and taking
part in it himself;
To Jihee Jung, Youngsun Hwang, Seongin Choi, Moon Chung and
Seonghwan Ahn for volunteering to do the recording;
To all the past and current students for their valuable feedback and
insights which they have let us gain through the collaborative exploration
of learning the language;
To Jung Sim Kim, Korean studies subject librarian at Monash University
for her hard work in building up the great Korean collection which was
invaluable in writing this book;
To our colleagues at the School of Languages, Cultures and Linguistics at
Monash University, in particular, Robert Irving, Bruce Jacobs, Helen
Marriott, Gloria Davies and Alison Tokita for their support and
encouragement;
And last but not least to our good friends, Lendriani and Nigel Thursfield,
Vicky and William Quek, Janet and Jim Murray, and Douglas and Helena
Ling for their love and support.
Following our open access policy, this book and its accompanying
audio files are licensed under the Creative Commons
Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.5 Australia License in the hope
that this book will make a small contribution to the development of Korean
language education throughout the world. As one of Less Commonly Taught
Languages, Korean still suffers from a dearth of learning materials. Korean
teachers often have to design their courses and develop learning materials that
suit their students on top of their normal teaching duties, let alone their fight
to keep the Korean program alive. We have met many marvelous teachers
xi
over the years and they have been our inspiration. We hope this book will
help those teachers in their efforts of creating a better learning environment
for their students.
xii
To the teacher and the learner
This book is primarily written for a Korean language university course for
beginners, but it may be used in other settings including self-study. The
guidelines, therefore, are focused on teaching or learning in a university
setting, but we suggest that all the users of the book read them regardless of
whether you are a teacher or a student enrolled in a course or you are using it
on your own for independent study.
Objectives
This book is an introduction to contemporary Korean, with special emphasis
on spoken usage for everyday situations. It introduces learners to the Korean
alphabet and everyday situations in Korean culture to help them acquire
survival Korean.
Basic Approach
Our experiences of teaching Korean for more than two decades and the
results of language learning research tell us that a good foundation of
language structures is essential for learners to be successful. This book,
therefore, concentrates on giving learners a good working knowledge of the
basic structure and grammar of the Korean language with a limited number of
vocabulary items that are frequently used in everyday situations. Once they
acquire this knowledge, they can expand their vocabulary quite easily on their
own as need arises. This approach can also maximise small contact hours
(usually four to five hours a week) available in many university settings.
xiii
explanations and various tasks such as role plays, listening, writing and
reading.
The first two units are essentially about some Korean sounds and the
Korean alphabet. Unit One presents usual greetings and introductions
through which learners familiarize themselves with the sounds of the Korean
language. Unit Two deals with the Korean alphabet and is the only unit
without any situation dialogues. Once the students learn the Korean
alphabetic symbols and how these are put together to create meaningful
sounds, they should be able to improve their skills of reading aloud Korean
writing over the course of the rest of the book.
Unit Three and Four introduce the basic Korean sentence structure,
which is in the order of Subject-Object-Verb, compared to the English order
of Subject-Verb-Object. You should not try to understand all of the
expressions in the situation dialogues in Unit Three. We have tried to make
the situation dialogues as natural as possible and this has resulted in the
inclusion of a few expressions that are a bit challenging at this early stage of
learning.
Unit Five is a crucial one which deals with verb conjugations for the
first time. It shows how to attach present tense endings to verb stems, which
are one of many to follow. It is, therefore, vital that students fully grasp this
grammar point.
Unit Six deals with how to make simple suggestions and also
introduces pure Korean numbers one to twelve in the form of telling the time.
This is done deliberately to prepare the learners for the counting nouns to be
introduced in Unit Eight, and also to expose them to the forms of pure Korean
numbers one to four used in conjunction with counting nouns before they
learn the full forms of these numbers.
Unit Seven deals with the past tense verb endings. Once the students
learn these, they can virtually talk about the events of all three tenses, that is,
past, present and future time because the present tense endings in Korean can
be used for many future events as well. Unit Eight and Nine are essentially
xiv
about buying things that involves the learning of pure Korean numbers and
Sino-Korean numbers. Unit Ten presents how to talk about yourself and your
family.
There are eighteen appendices. Appendices One to Sixteen have verb
and adjective conjugation tables. Appendix Seventeen is a list of the particles
and suffixes covered in the book. Appendix Eighteen is a list of basic Korean
editing symbols and a handwriting sheet, which can be used for writing
practice or writing assignments.
xv
as a basis for the more communicative nature of role plays by encouraging the
students to be more creative and to play with the language.
The listening tasks are from our old out-of-print listening book
Elementary Task-Centered Listening Comprehension of Korean 1, which was
published in 1994 and later changed its title into Korean Through Active
Listening 1. The listening book was always used alongside the textbook until
it became out of print in early 2008. This development has allowed the
incorporation of the listening tasks into the textbook, resulting in the more
rounded and user-friendly textbook. We have to admit that the expressions in
the listening tasks are not as natural as they should be, but they still provide
good input via listening, which is very important in language learning. The
listening tasks do not have answer keys. It has only the transcript at the end of
the book and the learners are required to find the answers themselves first by
listening and then by reading.
Romanisation
This book has used the Korean government romanisation system.
xvi
1
?
Unit Focus:
Greetings and Introductions
o Greetings
o Introducing Yourself
o Introducing Others
o +ye-yo/i-e-yo am; are; is
o Korean Names
o Addressing People at the Office: Titles
o Addressing Peers at School: seonbae and
hubae
o Addressing Unknown People at the Shops
o Saying Goodbye
o Greeting, Thanks and Other Expressions
2 UNIT 1 ?
UNIT 1 ? 3
Situation Dialogue 1
Paul, Minseo, Minjun and Jihun are introducing themselves.
Kim Annyeonghaseyo? Hello,
Minseo: Jeoneun Kim Minseoyeyo. Im inseo Kim.
Vocabulary
Annyeonghaseyo? Hello; How gyohwan exchange
do you do? haksaeng student
je my gyeongjehak economics
monaesi Monash
daehakgyo University
UNIT 1 ? 5
Greetings
There are three basic ways to greet someone in Korean, depending on what
degree of politeness and/or formality the situation requires:
? (Honorific)
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
? (Honorific, formal)
An-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-kka?
Olivia: ?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
Teacher: ?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
6 UNIT 1 ?
3) And when two young people bump into each other on the street, they can
just say ? (An-nyeong?). Or they might say:
Amanda: Susan,1 ?
Susan, eo-di ga-ni? (Susan, are you going somewhere?)
Susan: , .
Eung, eo-di ga. (Yeah, I am. Lit. I am going somewhere.)
Introducing Yourself
After greeting somebody for the first time, you can say:
OR
You may have noticed that the pronoun I is omitted, as is normally the
case in Korean sentences where the subject is obvious.
When referring to the person you are addressing, the Korean pronoun for
you is almost never used:
Introducing Others
When introducing somebody, you can use:
() . (Honorific)
I-bun-eun Kim Seon-saeng-nim-i-se-yo
This (distinguished person) is Mr. Kim.
() John . (Polite)
I-tchog-eun John-i-e-yo.
This (person) is John.
Paul . (Formal)
Je chin-gu Paul-im-n-ida.
This is my friend, Paul.
Paul . (Casual)
Paul-i-ya.
This is Paul.
You will notice that the term for this (person) is different in each sentence,
and so is the final ending. The term and ending used in the first sentence
show a greater level of respect, and are termed honorific. ( literally
means this distinguished person, whereas literally means over
here.) You can also introduce someone without saying This is in casual
speech. The use of different verb endings will be introduced in the next unit.
UNIT 1 ? 9
This structure has the general form A is B (when B is a noun and not an
adjective) and is therefore widely used. Note that A must be a noun,
pronoun or wh-question word, and B must be a noun and not an adjective.
For example, you cannot use this form to say He is stupid. You will study
this in more detail further on.
[ Example Dialogue 1]
[ Example Dialogue 2]
[ Example Dialogue 3]
[ Example Dialogue 4]
Situation Dialogue 2
Kim Yeongjun is meeting a businessman, Robert Irving, at the airport.
Irving: Annyeonghasimnikka? How do you do?
Robert Irvingimnida. Im Robert Irving.
Vocabulary
Annyeonghasimnikka? How do you do? {honorific, formal}
Korean Names
Korean names consist of a family name followed by a given name. Most
Korean given names are comprised of two syllables, though some only have
one.
The three most common family names in Korea are (Kim), (Yi, often
written Lee), and (Park). Together, these three names account for around
45% of the population.
Family name groups are divided by patrilineal decent into branches or clans.
(There are about 280 such branches of Kim). Until recently, it was illegal
for people of the same branch to marry, no matter how distantly related.
Branches are usually identified by a place name where the clan is said to
have originated, such as Kyeongju Kim.
Kim Yi Pak Choe Cheong Cho Chang
Yun Sin Han Hong Yu Kang Song
Below are the top five baby names for boys and girls in 2006, often used in
television dramas:
(Male) Minjun Minjae Jihun Hyeonu Junseo
(Female) Seoyeon Minseo Subin Seohyeon Minji
The following are common names in 1975 and 1945 respectively. Note the
female names from 1945 end with ja, equivalent to the ko common in
Japanese female names. This reflects the Japanese colonial period, which
ended in that year:
1975 (Male)
Jeonghun Seongho Seonghun
(Female)
Miyeong Eunjeong Eunju
1945 (Male)
Yeongsu Yeongho Yeongsik
(Female)
Yeongja Jeongja Sunja
16 UNIT 1 ?
Examples:
(1) . Mr. Park, please have a seat.
Pak Seon-saeng-nim an-jeu-se-yo.
When people have no title and are of equal or lower status than you, you can
use their full name + (ssi). For example, if the lowest person in the office
is called Yeong-Jun Kim, you would refer to them as Kim Yeong-Jun ssi.
It is rude however to use ssi, if you are a junior to the person you are
addressing.
UNIT 1 ? 17
ssi should also be used after someones given name where there is equal
status, but it is offensive to address anyone by their surname and (ssi),
such as (Kim ssi), so be careful! It is also not used between people
in the same gender, so it is best to avoid this title at this stage!
18 UNIT 1 ?
If you are not very close to a person in an older year level, you would add
the respectful (nim) to the title, so that they are called seonbae-nim.
However, if you are very close to someone in an older year, you may also
one of the kinship terms (hyeong, nuna, eonni, oppa ).
UNIT 1 ? 19
Depending on the shop, the shop assistant will use sonnim (customer) or
gogaek-nim (distinguished customer) for you, or sometimes a kinship term.
For example, a young clerk at the bank may address a customer with the
polite and neutral term seonsaeng-nim (Mr/Ms/Teacher) or gogaek-nim
(Dear customer).
In the market, for young girls, they might use eonni, for middle aged
women ajumma, and for middle aged men (and maybe younger men too)
ajeossi'. Elderly customers are referred to as harabeoji for men and
halmeoni for women.
If you need to call out to a staff member to attract their attention, the term
you use depends on the type of business. If you are at a caf or restaurant,
you can use a kinship term, for example to a young female waitress using
"eonni" (literally older sister) if you are a female, but usually people don't
use any term but simple say "yeogiyo" (literally over here!) to catch their
attention. If you are in a shop, you can use kinship terms as described above
(i.e. eonni, ajumma, ajeossi, harabeoji, halmeoni, etc.).
20 UNIT 1 ?
[ Example Dialogue]
A: An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? How do you do?
[Name]-im-ni-da Im [name].
Cheo-eum boep-get-seum-ni-da. Im pleased to meet you.
B: [Name]-im-in-da Im [name].
Man-na-seo pan-gap-seumnida. Glad to meet you.
ireum (name)
UNIT 1 ? 21
Task 3: Listening
(EXPONENT)
? How are you? / How do you do?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
. It's nice to meet you.
Man-na-seo ban-gap-seum-ni-da
A/. I'm A.
A-i-e-yo/ye-yo
. I'm pleased to meet you.
Cheo-eum boep-get-seum-ni-da.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
(first or full name) (ssi) polite neutral title such as Mr. and Ms.
Situation Dialogue 3
Robert Irving is leaving Korea and saying goodbye to Kim Yeongjun.
Irving: Gamsahamnida. Thank you.
Annyeonghi gyesipsio. Goodbye.
Vocabulary
gamsahamnida thank you
Saying Goodbye
When saying goodbye to one who is leaving, you can say:
When you are saying goodbye to one who is staying, you can say:
Close friends who are young will just say Annyeong in both
instances.
UNIT 1 ? 25
Task 5: Writing
How should you say goodbye in the following situations?
Note 1: Used when you are leaving home but will be coming back later.
26 UNIT 1 ?
Task 6: Listening
(EXPONENT)
/. Goodbye to one who is leaving.
An-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo/ga-sip-s-io.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
teacher + sir/madam
seonsaeng nim
You are going to hear some dialogue in which two people are saying
goodbye to each other. As you know, Korean has different expressions for
"Goodbye" depending on whether it is directed to someone leaving or
staying. Listen carefully and write down L(eaving) in the box next to the
people who are leaving and S(taying) to the people who are staying. Ready?
Listen!
3. Paul (teacher)
seonsaengnim
(10) . I am fine.
Jal-ji-nae-yo.
(11) . So-so.
Geu-jeo-geu-rae-yo.
(22) /. Yes.
Ne/Ye.
(23) /. Yeah.
Eung/eo.
(26) / . No.
A-ni-yo/A-nyo.
(27) . Nope./Nah.
A-ni.
Unit Focus:
Reading Hangeul
Writing Hangeul
Sound Shifts
Classroom Expressions
32 UNIT 2
Hangeul
We write English by stringing individual letters together. But when using the
Korean writing system Hangeul, we have to think in terms of syllables. A
simple example is the word Canada - Ca-na-da. In Korean this becomes
. Every Korean syllable occupies the same amount of space, no matter
how many characters are in the syllable, and are written to fit into a square
box. Like English, Hangeul is comprised of consonants and vowels.
kae na da
Camera Ca-me-ra
ka me Ra
Peter Pe-ter
pi teo
Mary Ma-ry
me ri
Banana Ba-na-na
ba na na
Radio Ra-di-o
ra di o
UNIT 2 33
Basic Consonants
(1) k/g (as in kid or game)
The other symbols were derived by adding strokes to the basic ones.
34 UNIT 2
Practise writing the consonants, paying attention to the stroke order shown
below.
g/k giyeok
n nieun
d/t digeut
r/l rieul
m mieum
b/p biup
s/t siot
/ng ieung
j/t jieut
h/t hieut
UNIT 2 35
36 UNIT 2
(8) ja ruler
In this group, there are syllables that begin with the dummy consonant ,
which has no sound. Remember, there has to be a consonant at the beginning
of the syllable!
UNIT 2 37
This last group includes syllables that also have a final consonant. These
syllables must still fit into the square box even though there is an extra
letter. The space occupied by the initial consonant and the vowel is reduced to
allow room underneath for the final consonant.
38 UNIT 2
1. Ghana
2. river
3. country
4. butterfly
6. radio
7. mask
9. banana
10. ocean
11. person
12. love
13. lion
14. baby
15. Asia
16. ruler
19. hippopotamus
20. but
UNIT 2 39
Aspirated Consonants
k kieuk
t tieut
p pieup
ch/t chieut
To understand what an aspirated consonant is, put your hand in front of your
lips while saying kite. You can feel a burst of air. The difference between
(an aspirated consonant) and (a simple consonant) is the amount of air you
exhale when you make the sound. When you pronounce , the amount of air
you expel is quite small. This difference is similar to that between
and , and and and .
40 UNIT 2
Examples:
(1) cha tea; car
Task 2: Listening
You will practise the Korean consonants with the vowel ''. Draw lines
connecting two letters that you hear. Try to read them aloud on your own
before you begin. Ready? Listen!
42 UNIT 2
The last two pure vowels are harder to pronounce as there are no direct
equivalents in English.
(8) eu (If you say the cat sat on the mat stressing cat and
mat, the sound of the unstressed e in the the is close
to this vowel.)
Note 1: All vowel symbols are formed by combining the following three
basic elements: depicts heaven; depicts earth; and depicts
humankind.
Now practise writing them with the dummy consonant stroke by stroke:
Symbol Sound
& Name
a
eo
o
u
eu
i
ae
e
oe
UNIT 2 45
Task 3: Listening
You will practise some Korean vowels. Draw lines connecting two letters
that you hear. Try to read them aloud on your own before you begin. Ready?
Listen!
46 UNIT 2
Writing Syllables
As mentioned earlier, every syllable is written to fit into the same imaginary
square boxno matter how many characters are in the syllable. How the box
is divided up depends first on the shape of the vowel. When you look at the
pure vowels, you will see that they have a predominant shape. Thus we can
think of them as being vertical: , horizontal: , or
combined: . Have a look at how the vowel shapes the syllable:
With vertical vowels with no end consonant, the box is divided vertically in
half, with the initial consonant on the left and the vowel on the right:
With vertical vowels with an end consonant, the space for the initial
consonant and vowel is reduced to allow room underneath for the final
consonant:
With horizontal vowels with no end consonant, the box is divided in half
horizontally, with the initial consonant at the top and the vowel at the bottom:
With horizontal vowels with an end consonant, again the end consonant is
placed at the bottom. The initial consonant and vowel are pushed upwards:
UNIT 2 47
Examples:
(1) lemon
(2) bus
(3) supermarket
(6) orange
(7) juice
(8) cassette
(9) kangaroo
(10) coffee
(11) computer
(12) taxi
(13) tennis
(14) television
(15) piano
(16) pizza
(17) hamburger
(18) hotel
48 UNIT 2
Task 4: Listening
Tensed Consonants
kk
ssang
giyeok
tt
ssang
digeut
pp
ssang
bieup
jj
ssang
jieut
ss
ssang
siot
50 UNIT 2
Examples:
(1) tail
Other final consonants take on one of the above seven end consonant sounds:
(10) t () clothes
(11) t () bought
(12) t () daytime
(13) t () flower
(14) t () end
(15) t () the name of Korean
letter
(16) p () front
52 UNIT 2
Task 5: Listening
Combined Vowels
There are twelve combination vowels:
o + a, ae, i
(7) wa (as in Washington) sweets
u + o, e, i
(9) wo (as in was) what
eu + i
(12) ui (as in can we doctor
if you say it quickly)
54 UNIT 2
Now practise writing them with the dummy consonant stroke by stroke:
Symbol Sound
& Name
ya
yeo
yo
yu
yae
ye
wa
wae
wo
we
wi
ui
UNIT 2 55
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
6. 7.
56 UNIT 2
Task 7: Listening
Gabon Namibia
Nigeria Niger
Libya Madagascar
Mali Moroco
Mauritanie Mozambique
Botswana Somalia
Sudan Algeria
Angola Ethiopia
Egypt Zaire
Zambia Chad
Kenya Tanzania
In this task, you will continue to practise the alphabet using the names of
African countries. Write down the number of the country that you hear next to
the country name on the map below. Have a look at the map and read aloud
the country names before you begin. Ready? Listen!
UNIT 2 57
58 UNIT 2
Sound Shifts
1. Resyllabification
You will have noticed that some of the consonants are represented by two
roman letters, for example :k/g, : t/d and :p/b. When these consonants
end an individual syllable, we use the k, t, p set of sounds but the sound is cut
off. The same thing can happen in English. Say the words pot, pop, pock very
quickly. You will find that you dont actually make the t, p, k sounds at the
ends of the words. Your mouth goes to a position to make the sounds but
doesnt go through with it. We say that these end consonants are unreleased.
While in English you can say these words more clearly and enunciate the end
consonants, in Korean these t, k, p end consonants are always unreleased
when we say a syllable on its own.
But when we run syllables together, the end sound can shift depending on
what follows. Again the same thing applies in English. Say the following
sentences quickly, and with a bit of a drawl:
When you say these quickly, you always sound the k, t, and p at the end of
look, sit and drop. But the sound can also slide: k to g, t to d and p to b. If
you say these consonants in pairs, you will see that the way you use your
mouth to make them is very close. So when you talk quickly, it is very easy to
slide from one to the other. Another example is the phrase sit down. When
you say it quickly, it naturally becomes siddown. It takes more effort to
make distinct t and d sounds and you have to talk more slowly.
UNIT 2 59
People generally like to speak quickly, and the sound shift allows that with
minimum effort. Look at the Korean word for think:
. Saeng-kak-hae-yo.
The romanization represents the pronunciation if you say it very slowly, one
syllable at a time. Practise these separately and then say them quickly,
running them together. You will find that the sounds shift a bit and a smooth
and natural pronunciation is saenggakaeyo.
2. Consonant assimilation
The nasal consonants are and . To keep pronunciation easy and flowing
some consonants get changed before these two consonants as shown below:
k/g based sounds become ng, like in English singer (not sin-ger)
, , sound
Examples
Spelling Pronunciation
also has its own assimilation rules. If and come together, the
wins (dont say the at all). It means the n BECOMES an l. If comes
before an or y sound the sound is doubled. More of an l sound
than an r sound.
Examples
Spelling Pronunciation
3. Tensification
The following shows the difference between untensed and tensed consonants
in Korean:
Untensed Tensed
Sometimes its easier to tense a consonant when its before another strong
consonant, rather than assimilating it like we did with the nasal consonants
and .
Examples
Spelling Pronunciation
62 UNIT 2
Examples
Spelling Pronunciation
Softer Harder
Examples
Spelling Pronunciation
UNIT 2 63
You dont have to think of these sound shifts as a set of rules that you must
learn. If you practise saying the syllables quickly, running them together, the
reason for the shifts will become obvious, and eventually altering your
pronunciation in this way will become natural.
Pronouncing Korean is relatively easy because, apart from these sound shifts,
Korean words sound the way they look. As you will be introduced to new
words, sentences, and the like, through printed text, it is important that you
devote some time to learning Hangeul.
64 UNIT 2
Capital Cities
a. e.
b. f.
c. g.
d. h.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
UNIT 2 65
Capital Cities
a. h.
b. i.
c. j.
d. k.
e. l. (Paris)
f. m.
g.
1. 8.
2. / 9. (Japan)
4. 11.
5. (USA) 12.
6. (England) 13. /
7.
66 UNIT 2
Classroom Expressions
a ya eo yeo o yo u yu eu i
/ng
ch
h
70 UNIT 2
a ae ya yae eo e yeo ye o wa
kk
tt
pp
ss
/ng
jj
ch
h
UNIT 2 71
wae oe yo u wo we wi yu eu ui i
kk
tt
pp
ss
/ng
jj
ch
h
72 UNIT 2
3
?
Unit Focus:
Discussing Likes and Dislikes
o Style of Speech
o Word Order
o Yes/No Questions
o Saying Yes and No
o Vocabulary: Food
o Negative Question Usage
o Spaces Between Words
74 UNIT 3 ?
UNIT 3 ? 75
Situation Dialogue 1
Minjuns Korean friend Hyeonu is picking him up at Melbourne airport.
: , .
: , .
, .
: , .
, ?
: .
: .
: , .
Vocabulary
+ casual ending for addressing a person with their first name.
+ is used when the persons name ends in a consonant (eg.
) and+ is used for a vowel (eg. ).
here
oh; yeah
indeed
been well
you
not
tired
okay
bag
give
no/nah
heavy
Note: At this stage you do not need to understand all the grammar presented
in the situation dialogues. It will be helpful to memorise expressions even
though you may not understand how they are constructed.
UNIT 3 ? 77
Style of Speech
You have seen that Korean has different styles of speech depending on the
relationship between the speakers. The four most commonly used are:
1) ? (Honorific, formal)
2) ? (Honorific)
3) ? (Polite)
4) ? (Casual)
Styles (1) and (2) are honorific and are used when you need to be polite. Style
(1) is also formal. Style (4) is used among close friends or when you speak to
younger family members. Style (3) is polite and informal. This is used when
you talk informally to people you dont know well who are of similar status to
you. It is also used when you speak to people you feel close to, if they are a bit
older than you and their social status is higher than yours.
Situation Dialogue 2
Hyeonu is showing Minjun around Melbourne and it is about lunch time.
: ?
: ... .
: ? ?
: .
: , .
Vocabulary
hungry what
not pizza
yeah; oh like
a little of course
Word Order
Language has a structure. Look at the examples below:
a) I like pizza.
(Subject) (Verb) (Object)
b) I pizza like.
(Subject) (Object) (Verb)
The obvious difference between them is the order of the words. Why dont
people say sentence (b)? English sentences follow a basic Subject-Verb-
Object pattern as in (a). The Korean pattern is Subject-Object-Verb as in (b).
The verb always comes at the end of the sentence.
I like pizza.
Now, lets say I like pizza in Korean. (subject) comes first, and then
(object) second, and (verb) last. Therefore, I like pizza in
Korean is:
1) .
I pizza like
UNIT 3 ? 81
2) .
3) .
4) .
Before we go on any further, we have to learn one more thing about the above
sentence pattern. When we talk about ourselves, we usually add a topic
particle to (I) or (we). Therefore, sentences (1) - (4) could be
changed as follows:
5)
82 UNIT 3 ?
Yes/No Questions
In the previous section we learnt how to make a simple statement such as
. Turning this into a question is quite simple. You just
say ? with a rising intonation.
b) . I like pizza.
You may be asking what has happened to the pronoun you in the question
form. As mentioned in Unit 1 Introducing Yourself, the equivalent Korean
pronouns of I, you, he/she, it and they are normally omitted when it is
obvious in context to whom or what you are referring. In particular, the
Korean pronoun for you is hardly ever used, unless the speakers are very
close. To use it in any other situation is very insulting. The most common
strategy when you are addressing someone is either to omit a subject
altogether, or to use the persons name instead.
For example:
Casual Polite
Yes or
No
If you like pizza, you can just say (yes), or say and repeat the verb
as in the dialogue below. In English, we can add I do as in Yes, I
do. But in Korean, simply repeat the verb.
If you dont like pizza, you can just say (no) to your friend. You can also
add the verb, but in this case you have to use the negative of the verb (just as
in English you say no, I dont) which you can form by putting the negative
word right before the verb as in the dialogue below.
Vocabulary: Food
(Fruit)
apple strawberry
orange watermelon
grape grapefruit
pear peach
tomato persimmon
(Vegetables)
potato cabbage
mushroom cucumber
carrot onion
(Beverages)
cola ginseng tea
coffee beer
tea brandy
water whisky
UNIT 3 ? 85
/ (Meat/Seafood)
fish beef
crab lamb/mutton
chicken pork
(Other)
cheese / biscuit
bread doughnut
cake rice
sandwich egg
86 UNIT 3 ?
?
What are Koreans favourite foods?
Food Response
22.7 %
17.5 %
16.2 %
8.2 %
5.4 %
?
What are Koreans favourite drinks?
Drink Response
65.7 %
29.5 %
21.2 %
17.7 %
13.5 %
9.7 %
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
(fruit shop): ,
(vegetable shop):
(bakery):
(butcher):
88 UNIT 3 ?
UNIT 3 ? 89
Situation Dialogue 3
Hyeonu and Minjun go to a pizza shop.
: .
: , ? ?
: . .
Vocabulary
Lets go in. [+] you
you dislike
olive(s) yeah; oh
like [+] I
why
90 UNIT 3 ?
A good strategy for avoiding the yes/no problem is to just answer the
question with a straight statement. For example, (Im hungry).
UNIT 3 ? 91
(2) . Ilikepizza.
(3) . I l i k e p i z z a.
As you can see above, sentences are harder to read with no spaces between
the words. The spacing is made more obvious on the hand writing sheet
shown below.
.
?
92 UNIT 3 ?
Task 3: ?
Move around the classroom asking your classmates if they like the foods
below.
[ Example Dialogue]
A: ?
B: , [ . ]
A: ?
B: [ . ]
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
UNIT 3 ? 93
Task 4: Writing
You are being asked about what foods you like and dislike. Write your
answers to the following questions according to the preferences provided
below. Use the examples 1, 2 and 7 as a model.
1. ? , .
2. ? .
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
7. ? .
8. ?
9. ?
10. ?
94 UNIT 3 ?
Task 5: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A ? Do you like A?
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
child yes no
You will hear a teacher asking what sort of food Korean children like these
days. Put a mark 'O' next to the food they like and a mark 'X' next to the food
they do not like. Ready? Listen!
1 2 3
4
?
Unit Focus:
Asking People Where They Are Going
o Vocabulary: Places
o ()? as a Greeting
o Destination Particle + to
o Topic Particle +/
o Coming & Going: , ,
96 UNIT 4 ?
UNIT 4 ? 97
Situation Dialogue 1
Jihun and Mineo are on campus at university.
: , ?
: .
: , ? . .
: , .
Vocabulary
/ casual ending for addressing a person with their first name
where
Vocabulary: Places
home library
school hospital
restaurant market
shop () supermarket
toilet office
pharmacy cinema
hairdressers barbers
DVD +
meeting (formal) meeting / date
class
UNIT 4 ? 99
()? as a Greeting
In Australian English we often say How are you going as a greeting, but its
not a very serious question and a simple good or not bad is enough to reply
politely, even if youve had a really bad day. Similarly, Koreans use ?
(Are you going somewhere?) as a greeting. You dont need to give a specific
answer and can just say , ... (Yeah, just somewhere...)
? (Casual)
? (Polite)
? (Honorific)
Note that the intonation pattern changes for depending on whether you
are using it as where? or somewhere as shown in the diagram below:
When we use ? as Where are you going?, the intonation of the last
syllable rises slightly and then falls. On the other hand, when we use
? as Are you going somewhere?, the intonation of the last syllable
rises steeply.
100 UNIT 4 ?
If you cant differentiate between these two questions, the best strategy is to
just reply ... (Just somewhere...) because someone who is not very
close to you will not ask Where are you going? in Korean.
UNIT 4 ? 101
[ Example Dialogue]
A: [ name ], ?
B: [ place ].
A: , ? /. .
B: , .
home library
school hospital
restaurant market
shop supermarket
toilet office
pharmacy cinema
Situation Dialogue 2
Minseo and Jihun are at a bus stop near university.
: , ?
: .
: , ?
: ?
: .
: .
: .
Vocabulary
where
+ to
Note: In Korean, Where are you going? is not always answered with the
location of the place youre going to, but sometimes also the purpose. For
example, instead of saying to the pool, when someone asks where you are
going, you might just say to swim:
B: . (Instead of ) To swim.
UNIT 4 ? 105
Destination Particle + to
When you want to say that you are going somewhere, you can use:
Place + (Casual)
Place + (Polite)
[ Example Dialogue]
A: [ name ], ?
B: [ place ].
A: , ?
B: ?
A: [ place ] .
B: .
A: /.
Task 3: Listening
(EXPONENT)
? Where are you going?
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
school bank
restaurant post office
home shop
toilet coffee shop
+ also together
1. (Thomas) a. school
2. (Susan) b. restaurant
4. (Amanda) d. home
6. (male) f. shop
7. (male) g. bank
Topic Particle +/
When the topic particle +/ is added to a noun, its general meaning is like
the English as for (noun) or with regard to (noun). +/ can be used in
many ways. In this section we will use it to describe what one person (or one
subject) is doing in contrast to another.
Rules:
If the noun ends in a vowel, add +.
+ (writing) or
+ (speaking)
Examples:
(1) . Paul is studying Korean.
. I am studying sociology.
. Sumi is a Korean.
Situation Dialogue 3
Paul sees Hyeonu on campus.
: , ?
: ! . ?
: .
: ? !
Vocabulary
? [ go +(very casual question ending often used among boys)]
If you meet some classmates in the street and they ask where you are going,
you reply (I am going home). However if speaking on the phone
to someone who is at home, a Korean will say (I am going
home), whereas in English you would say, I am coming home now. This is
because in Korean the use of and depends on your location (the
speakers location), rather than the location of the person to whom you are
speaking.
a. g. m.
b. h. n.
c. i. o.
d. j. p.
e. k. q.
f. l. r.
Task 5: Writing
Here is a list of items you need to find. Underneath is a list of useful telephone
numbers from a Korean community information booklet. Write down where
you can obtain the items. The first one is done for you.
1. (dictionary) or
2.
4.
5.
6.
8. (stamp)
9. (newspaper)
10.
a. 9405-2230 h. 2327-3479
b. 4432-1110 i. 3457-5531
c. 8623-2743 j. 2348-8624
d. 3464-1336 k. 3469-1128
e. 2393-2010 l. 88 8862-7736
f. 3437-2766 m. 8905-9230
g. 9815-4340 n. 2326-3092
5
?
Unit Focus:
Talking About What You Are Doing
Talking About Your Daily Routine
Situation Dialogue 1
Minseo is at the library when she receives a call from Jihun.
: ?
: . , ?
: .
: . .
: , . .
Vocabulary
now
why
no reason
Verb endings are quite similar to the English present tense, as in I study or
she studies. However, it is also used to indicate an action that is going on at
present, as in I am studying at the moment (as well as I am studying at
Monash University this year).
1) Casual form
If the last vowel of the stem is () or (): +
+ live/lives/is living, etc
+ go/goes/ is going, etc
When there is no final consonant, the vowels are usually combined into
UNIT 5 ? 121
one syllable:
+ come/comes/is coming, etc
This rule is useful when you look up unknown words in the dictionary. Dont
worry too much about having to remember these rules. The best way at this
stage is to memorize both stem and ending together.
2) Polite form
Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual form except that you
add at the end.
3) Honorific form
There are rules for forming honorific form depending on whether the verb
stem ends in a consonant or vowel.
Refer to the verb table on the following pages to see the three different forms
for a range of verbs.
122 UNIT 5 ?
clean (house) () ()
dance () + ()
dislike
draw (drawing) () + ()
drink (juice) () + ()
do (homework) () ()
get married
give +
have (money) () + ()
kiss
like
listen to (music) () + () *
love
() () () ? () ?
() () () ? () ?
() () () ? () ?
? ?
() () () ? () ?
() () * () ? () ?
() () ()? ()?
() () * () ? () ?
? ?
? ?
() () () ? () ?
() () () ? () ?
? ?
? ?
() * () * () ? () ?
? ?
? ?
124 UNIT 5 ?
play tennis +
put on (clothes) () + ()
read (book) () + ()
rest +
shop
sing
sleep () (+) ()
smoke (cigarettes) () + ()
study
take a photo +
watch (television) () + ()
withdraw (money) () + ()
work
UNIT 5 ? 125
? ?
() () () ? () ?
() () () ? () ?
? ?
() () () ? () ?
? ?
? ?
() () () ? () ?
() () () ? () ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
() () () ()
? ?
() () () ()
? ?
() () () ? () ?
() () () ? () ?
? ?
126 UNIT 5 ?
The +? ending is more blunt and tends to be used more by males and the
less blunt +? form is used more by females. The rule for constructing these
forms is quite simple: Verb Stem +?/+? as shown in the verb table in the
previous pages.
Examples:
(1) ? Are you listing to music?
?
UNIT 5 ? 127
what
Asking questions such as What do you like? or What are you doing now?
is very simple in Korean. The counterpart of what is . But you have to
remember that in Korean the pronoun you is usually omitted when it is
obvious who you are referring to. Therefore, we just put ? after
as follows:
You can ask What are you doing now? in the same way. The counterpart of
are doing in Korean is . But to be polite to your classmates well use
.
[ Example Dialogue]
A: ?
B: [ . ] , ?
A: .
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
UNIT 5 ? 129
Task 2: Listening
(EXPONENT)
? What are you doing now?
(Something) Verb stem + /. I'm (verb)ing (something).
Noun + . I'm doing Noun .
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
study telephone
eat listen
read sleep
drink put on
meet sing
dance see or watch
song television
friend clothes
juice book
music apple
You are going to hear a dialogue that describes various activities. Write
down the letter of the picture that describes what you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Situation Dialogue 2
Minjun and Hyeonu are on campus talking about plans for the coming
Saturday.
: ?
: ?1 .
: ? 2
: .
: ?
: .
Vocabulary
this
Saturday
+ on
what
+ [+ on/at/to +(emphasis)]
restaurant
+ in; at
well then
Sunday
yet; still
plan
Note 2: is used in front of the noun that you are asking about and
means what (movie)?, what kind of (person)?, which
(colour)?.
A: ? What job?
(instead of ?)
B: . Waiter in a restaurant.
134 UNIT 5 ?
morning midday evening night
weekdays weekend
weekday public holiday
workday
last week this week next week
last semester this semester next semester
/ / /
last year this year next year
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday
Friday Saturday Sunday
UNIT 5 ? 135
Time Word +
However, there are a few time words that are used without +:
(today) (now)
(tomorrow)
When two or more time words are used together, the time particle + is
attached to the last one only:
. tomorrow morning.
136 UNIT 5 ?
Task 3: Writing
Write your answers to the following questions according to the information
below. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have been done for you.
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. .
9. .
10. .
11. .
12. .
13. .
14. .
15. .
16. .
17. .
UNIT 5 ? 137
Location Particle + in or at
+ is used to indicate where an activity takes place. It is equivalent to the
English in or at when used in relation to an activity. This is a distinction
that English does not make, so try to remember that when an activity is
involved, use +, not +.
Location +
Examples:
(1) . I am buying a pair of trousers
in the department store.
. at Monash University.
Task 4: Writing
Fill in an appropriate place name for the activities below.
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. .
9. .
10. .
11. .
12. .
13. .
14. .
15. .
16. .
17. .
18. .
19. .
20. .
UNIT 5 ? 139
[ Example Dialogue]
A: (usually) ?
B: [ . ]
[ . ]
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
140 UNIT 5 ?
Task 6: Writing
Complete the dialogues using the pictures.
1. : (usually) ?
: .
: .
2. : ?
: .
: .
.
UNIT 5 ? 141
3. : ?
: .
4. : ?
: .
.
142 UNIT 5 ?
UNIT 5 ? 143
Situation Dialogue 3
Minjun sees Hyeonu talking to Paul and asks who Paul is.
: . ?
: . .
: ? ?
: .
: ?
: .
Vocabulary
Korean language
who
+ with; +()
economics
together
class
? What is it like?
not
+ too
Noun ? (Casual)
Noun ? (Polite)
Noun ? (Honorific)
When you want to ask an opinion about something (the topic), you can say
? (How is ...?) as in Hows the class? (or What is like? as
in What is Korean food like?). The answer will be like It (the class) is
hard. In English, question words like what, when, where, who, why, how
appear at the beginning of the sentence, but Korean sentence order is the same
as the answer, which means the topic comes first whether it is a question or
not . There is no is when you use these verbs. They all include is in their
meaning.
A: ? How is class?
class how is?
B: () . It is hard.
class is hard
Examples:
(1) A: ? Hows the Korean class?
B: . Its all right.
[ Example Dialogue]
A: [ ] ?
B: [ . ].
A: [ ]? / [ ]?
B: [ / . ] .
difficult
hard
easy
interesting
not interesting
UNIT 5 ? 147
1) Casual form
If the last vowel of the stem is () or (): +
+ fine (weather)
+ delicious
When there is no final consonant, the vowels are usually combined into
one syllable:
+ cloudy
+ slow
smart
So far, the rule is the exactly same to that for verbs. However, here you will
learn an irregular ending used more frequently in adjectives, which is used
when the stem ends in.
If the last vowel of the stem is not and stem ends in : delete
+
delete + (temperature) hot
delete+ difficult
Note: + is much more common than +, so at this stage you only need to
focus on+.
UNIT 5 ? 149
2) Polite form
Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual form except that you
add at the end.
+ + inexpensive
+ + delicious
3) Honorific form
There are rules for forming honorific form depending on whether the verb
stem ends in a consonant or vowel.
Dont worry too much about having to remember these rules. The best way at
this stage is to memorize both stem and ending together, as mentioned earlier.
Refer to the adjective table on the following pages to see the three different
forms for a range of adjectives.
150 UNIT 5 ?
beautiful drop +
boring +
busy drop +
inexpensive +
cold drop +
cute drop +
delicious +
difficult drop +
easy drop +
expensive +
fun (enjoyable) +
good +
good-looking +*
hate/dislike +
numerous +
pretty drop +
sick drop +
tasteless +
UNIT 5 ? 151
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ? ?
? ? ?
? ?
? ? ?
? ?
? ? ?
? ? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ? ?
? ? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ? ?
Note: Those with the question mark ? are used only in questions.
152 UNIT 5 ?
/ but; however
so; therefore
Examples:
(1) A: ? Whatcha doing?
B: . ? Writing an assignment. Why?
. So I am really busy.
UNIT 5 ? 153
Task 8: Writing
You are conducting market research. Make your own questionnaire about
what people do on weekends. The first two are done for you.
(Questionnaire)
(age):
(occupation):
1. ?
2. ?
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
!
154 UNIT 5 ?
6
?
Unit Focus:
Talking About the Time
Making Appointments
Talking About Class Timetables
o Suggestions 1
+ Let's
o + + from till
o Suggestions 2
Situation Dialogue 1
Minjun asks Hyeonu if he wants to have lunch after class.
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
: .
.
: . .
Vocabulary
today
class
158 UNIT 6 ?
twelve oclock
together
lunch
yeah; really
Destination particle +
. Im going to uni.
Location particle +
. Im studying Korean
at Monash.
Time Particle +
. I have an exam
tomorrow morning.
Topic particle +/
. Im a Monash student.
160 UNIT 6 ?
Examples:
(1) A: ? What type of movie do you like?
B: . Action movies.
B: . A novel.
B: . Its nothing.
Note that can also mean any depending on its context as in (5).
B: , ? No, why?
UNIT 6 ? 161
() where
when
who
English economics
German finance
Indonesian geography
Japanese law
Latin linguistics
Vietnamese physics
examination politics
homework science
one oclock
two oclock
three oclock
four oclock
five oclock
six oclock
seven oclock
eight oclock
nine oclock
ten oclock
eleven oclock
twelve oclock
Pure Korean numbers are also used to express a duration of a certain number
of hours:
two hours
B: . Shes sixteen.
( is pronounced myeon-myeong-i-e-yo.)
( is pronounced myeo-dweol.)
UNIT 6 ? 165
Task 1: Listening
(EXPONENT)
? What time is it now?
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
Pure Korean numbers up to 12
a. h. o.
b. i. p.
c. j. q.
d. k. r.
e. l. s.
f. m. t.
g. n.
Korean
4. Japanese 14.
history
Australian
8. finance 18.
history
[ Example Dialogue]
: () [ / ] /?
: .
: [ / ]?
: [ / ].
: ?
: [ ].
/
Time Name Subject/Type of Work
8:00 - 9:00
9:00 -10:00
10:00 -11:00
11:00 -12:00
12:00 - 1:00
1:00 - 2:00
2:00 - 3:00
3:00 - 4:00
4:00 - 5:00
168 UNIT 6 ?
Suggestions 1: + Lets
When you want to make a suggestion that involves both you and the person
you are talking to in a casual style, add the ending + to the verb stem:
Situation Dialogue 2
Jihun asks Minseo whether she wants to go hagwon after class.
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
: .
?
: , .
Vocabulary
today
class
what time
three oclock
+ from
five oclock
+ until
[ me + too] me too
yeah; indeed
UNIT 6 ? 173
174 UNIT 6 ?
+ + from till
When we want to show a starting point in time, we add the particle + to
the starting time. For the finishing time we add +.
. until 4.
[ Example Dialogue]
A: [ / ] ?
B: /.
A: ?
B: [ ] [ ].
1. 2. 3. 4.
12 23 45 56
5. 6. 7. 8.
7 11 8 10 9 12 10 12
Task 5: Writing
It is 12 oclock on a Thursday. Use the table of opening times below to
complete the dialogues. Write down the times in Korean. The first one is done
for you.
4337-2766 Mon.-Sat.:9am-9pm
8205-9230 Mon-Sat.: 9am-7pm; Sun.: 9am-1pm
B: (Hello)?
A: . .
B: (I see). (Thanks).
UNIT 6 ? 177
2. A: .
B: ? ?
A: .
B: .
3. A: .
B: ? ?
A: .
B: .
4. A: .
B: ?
A: .
B: . .
178 UNIT 6 ?
Rules:
If the stem ends in a vowel: +()?
+ ? ? Shall we meet?
Examples
(1) A: ? Shall we see a movie together?
B: , . Sounds good.
[ Example Dialogue]
A: [ ] ?
B: [ ]?
(of course).
A: , [ ] ?
B: , .
() Korean food
() Chinese food
French food
Indian food
Italian food
() Japanese food
Malaysian food
Spanish food
/ Thai food
Vietnamese food
UNIT 6 ? 181
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
182 UNIT 6 ?
UNIT 6 ? 183
Situation Dialogue 3
Paul wants Hyeonu to study with him tomorrow.
: ?
: ?
: ?
: .
: .
?
: . .
Vocabulary
today
hours; time
184 UNIT 6 ?
class
tomorrow
+ topic particle
we
together
library
A: You are arranging a time to meet a friend tomorrow. First, fill in half of
the schedule below. You start the conversation.
B: You are arranging a time to meet a friend tomorrow. First, fill in half of
the schedule below. You partner starts the conversation.
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
12 1 2 3 4 5 6
[ Example Dialogue]
A: [ ] ?
B: [ ] ? .*
[ . ]
A: [ ]?
B: [ ] .
Task 9: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A ? Have you got A?
. It's O.K.
. It's fine.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
time today tomorrow
1
(Thomas) 2 (male)
3
4
(Susan) 5 (female)
6
7
(Paul) 8 (female)
9
10
(Amanda) 11 (male)
12
UNIT 6 ? 187
[ Example Dialogue]
A: [ ] (any plan) ?
B: , ?
A: (shall we see)?
B: ? (great).
A: ?
B: [ movie title ] ?
A: . ?
B: [ hour ] [ place ] (in front) ?
A: , . [ ] .
3. Brotherhood (2004)
4. Haeundae (2009)
5. Silmido (2003)
6. Friend (2001)
8. May 18 (2007)
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
Monday Tuesday Wednesday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
UNIT 6 ? 189
a. g. m.
b. h. n.
c. i. o.
d. j. p.
e. k. q.
f. l. + + r.
Unit Focus:
Talking about Past Events
Situation Dialogue 1
Hyeonu introduces his friend, Kim Minjun, to Paul.
: , ?
: ?
: , .
: . .
: , .
: ?
Paul: Ani, nado banggeum wasseo. Nup, I just got here too.
Hyeonu: Insahae. You dont know each other, do
Nae chinguya. you? (Lit. Lets do introductions.)
Ireumeun kimminjun. This is my friend.
Yeogi gyohwan Names Kim Minjun.
haksaengeuro wasseo. Hes here on exchange.
Paul: Annyeonghaseyo, Hello, Im Paul Smith.
Paul smithimnida.
Minjun: Annyeonghaseyo? How do you do?
Hyeonuhanteseo yaegi mani I have heard a lot about you from
deureosseoyo. Hyeonu.
194 UNIT 7 ?
Vocabulary
oh; yeah
a long time
nah
a moment ago
name
here
+ from (a person)
a lot
Note: In English we say come from ... using the present tense (). But in
Korean we have to use the past tense () since the act occurred in the
past.
. I come from Australia.
UNIT 7 ? 195
1) Casual form
You have already learnt the present tense ending +/. To create a past
tense verb or adjective, simply use the past tense ending +/ instead:
(Present) (Past)
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ was/were inexpensive
When the stem ends in a vowel, the vowel is usually combined with +:
+ gave
+ was/were cloudy
was/were happy
If the stem ends in the consonant and the last vowel is not : delete
+
delete + was/were easy
If the stem ends in the consonant and the last vowel is : delete
+
delete + was/were fair/pretty
2) Polite form
Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual from except that you add
at the end.
UNIT 7 ? 197
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+
+
+
+
3) Honorific form
To create the honorific past tense form, instead of the present tense form
+/, you add +/ to the verb stem.
+ met
+ went
+ came
+ was busy
+ was smart
+ read
+ was funy
+ was good
198 UNIT 7 ?
+ beautiful
delete was/were
+ cute
You also need to remember a special set of honorific verbs and adjectives:
ate
was (there)
spoke; said
slept
passed away
was/were ill
Refer to the verb and adjective tables in the appendices to see the three
different forms for a range of verbs and adjectives.
UNIT 7 ? 199
[ ]
A: , ?
B: ?
A: , .
B: . . [ name ].
A: , [ name ].
C: ? [ name ] .
200 UNIT 7 ?
Task 2: Listening
(EXPONENT)
/ ? Where/Which country do you come from?
A(region) . I'm from A.
A ? Which area in A are you from?
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
which country where + from
came China Australia U.K.
Germany France Japan
You are going to hear an immigration officer asking people what country
they come from. Choose the picture that shows the nationality that you hear
and write the number of the dialogue in the top row of the table. Ready?
Listen!
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
[ 1] [ 2]
A: ? A: ?
B: . B: .
A: ? A: ?
B: . B: .
202 UNIT 7 ?
Task 4: Listening
(EXPONENT)
? What did (you) do?
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
yesterday
when
what
in the evening
+ with(people)
and
+ in
() ate dinner
() slept
did
friend
() rang
cinema house
() had a walk
() read a book
() listened to music
UNIT 7 ? 203
() played piano
() watched television
() saw a movie
There was a murder last night. A detective questions each member of the
victim's household about his or her activities on the night of the murder.
Listen carefully and note down each person's activities in the appropriate
spaces on the time grid. You can either use the letter which corresponds to
each activity or the underlined words as shown in the notes from the first
dialogue. Ready? Listen!
a. () . b. () .
c. () . d. () .
e. () . f. () .
g. () . h. () .
i. .
7 8 8 9 9 10 1011 11 12
1. b c d a
Mary
2.
Tom
3.
Harry
4.
Jane
204 UNIT 7 ?
UNIT 7 ? 205
Situation Dialogue 2
Hyeonu and Paul talk about why they havent finished their assignments.
: ?
: , . ?
: .
: .
: ? ?
: . .
Vocabulary
assignment; essay; report (often pronounced as )
all; in total
nah
yet; still
[ unable (past tense form of do)] couldnt do
[ you+(topic particle)] you
[ I; me+ too] me too; I also
yesterday
[ late+ till] until late
friend
birthday party
[ have/there is+ past tense infix + Its because]
cause I was
but; by the way
why
[ finish+(casual past tense ending)] finished
a cold
because of
[ several + day(s)] several days
continuously
. [ sick+(casual past tense ending)]was sick
? Really? (Lit. Is that so?)
now
? [ okay +(very casual ending often used among
boys)] Is it okay?
yeah
[ recover+(casual past tense ending)] got better
UNIT 7 ? 207
208 UNIT 7 ?
Examples:
(1) . There was a party next door.
. last night.
(* is pronounced mon-man-na-yo.)
1. . (therefore) . .
2. . ________ .
4. (want to buy).
(but) (money) . ________ .
6. (sings well).
______ .
7. . (but) ______ .
8. .
______ (send a text message/SMS).
9. A: ______ .
B: . .
10. A: ?
B: , . ______ (not answering the telephone).
210 UNIT 7 ?
[ ]
A: ?
B: . [ ].
Excuse English
2. I slept.
3. I was sick.
5. My computer crashed.
Situation Dialogue 3
Minseos mum asks whether she has already eaten when she comes home.
: .
: ?
: ?
: .
: ?
: , .
: ? ?
: ! . .
Vocabulary
a little while ago
that time
yeah
alone
nah
who
boyfriend
mum
. nah
UNIT 7 ? 215
+ and; with
(When the phrase + () is attached to a person, it means
(together) with. You can omit and it means much the
same thing.
The sentences can describe two independent actions as in the first example, or
two actions in a time sequence as in the second example. Note that when the
subjects of the two sentences are different, you use the particle +/ since
you are contrasting them as in (1).
As in English, you can also combine these sentences and make them into one.
To do this, instead of using , you add the ending + to the first verb:
Even though the two sentences in (4) are past tense, when we join them with
+, we dont use the past tense form in the first clause, but only in the final
clause. The ending + carries the grammatical function of past tense from
the final verb to the first verb, so it is just added to the verb stem.
As you can see from example (5), you can also use + to link clauses that
end in an adjective, and the rule is exactly the same as for verbs.
More examples:
(6) I played the piano and
(This structure can also be used to emphasise that you did not just do the
second action, but did something first. For example, a mother might ask
her son Have you had dinner? upon his arrival at home in the evening,
to which he could reply . to emphasise that he ate before
coming home.)
.
. (petite and pretty)
. .
UNIT 7 ? 219
[ ]
A: ?
B: () . ?
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
220 UNIT 7 ?
Task 8: Reading
Read and translate this letter Michael wrote to his teacher after he arrived in
Korea.
,
.
.
9 1 .
. !
.
! .
.
.
10 .
........
9 1 .
.
2008 9 10
Vocabulary
[ Kim professor sir+ to (honorific)]
Dear Professor Kim (The casual version of + is +.)
[ I(humble)+(topic particle)] I
UNIT 7 ? 221
Yours Sincerely
222 UNIT 7 ?
. .
. Rain .
. (Valentines Day)
. Rainy day .
. !
UNIT 7 ? 223
Vocabulary
[ I+(possessive particle)] my
school/uni holiday
+ and; with
a. j.
b. k.
c. / l.
d. / m.
e. n.
f. o.
g. p.
h. . q.
i. r.
in the in the
2. 11.
morning afternoon
in the
3. 12. at night
evening
went for
5. drank tea 14.
a walk
listened to played
6. 15.
music piano
saw a
8. 17. slept
movie
was watched
9. 18.
interesting television
8
Unit Focus:
Ordering in a Caf or Restaurant
Situation Dialogue 1
Hyeonu is very thirsty and looking for a cold beer.
: ?
: . .
, .
: .
: ?
: ? .
: ~ .
Vocabulary
? [ come+(casual past tense ending)]came; got here
weather
instead of
B: , . Yes, we do.
or
B: , . No, we dont.
Examples:
(1) A: ? Do you have any grapes?
B: , . Yes, we do.
B: , No, we dont.
B: , . No, I dont.
B: ? Why?
B: , . No, I dont.
You can see from the latter examples that this phrase has a wide application -
not just asking for things in shops.
230 UNIT 8
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
[ ]
A: [ ] ?
B: , . / .
(When B replies that s/he doesnt have the item, s/he uses the term
. Although the meaning is the same as , the ending is
softer and more polite. Pronunciation: eom-neun-de-yo.)
UNIT 8 231
Task 2: Writing
Answer the questions about what is in the refrigerator according to the
picture. The first two have been done for you.
1. A: ?
B: , .
2. A: ?
B: .
3. A: ?
B:
4. A: ?
B:
5. A: ?
B:
6. A: ?
B:
7. A: ?
B:
8. A: ?
B:
9. A: ?
B:
10. A: ?
B:
232 UNIT 8
Task 3: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A(things) ? Have we got A?
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
yes no apple
orange juice
You will hear Susan ask whether or not the following items are in the
fridge. However, is quite playful. She does not always tell the truth.
Mark TRUE or FALSE according to whether or not she tells the truth.
Ready? Listen!
UNIT 8 233
(TRUE) (FALSE)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
234 UNIT 8
UNIT 8 235
Situation Dialogue 2
Minseo and Jihun are at a coffee shop and Minseo wants to have Patbingsu.
: ?
: . , .
: ?
Vocabulary
what
When using this pattern, the sentence subject must be I, we or you and
cannot be she, he, or they.
The very polite form +()? is used only in questions. Also note that
we have to use the very polite word , in place of (eat) and (drink),
which cannot take +().
Examples:
(1) A: ? What will you drink?
A: ?
B: [ ].
, [ ] .
A: [ ].
(Beverages)
1. cola
2. beer
3. milk
4. orange juice
5. coffee
6. tea
7. water
8. whisky
9. black tea
11 / soft drinks
A: [ ] ?*
B: , .
[ ] .
A: ... [ ] .
Note: ... ? means Is ... available? but it can also be used for Is ...
allowed and is used in the phrase ? (Can I pay by card?).
is the formal style version of .
(Beverages)
1. cola
2. beer
3. milk
4. orange juice
5. coffee
6. tea
7. water
8. whisky
9. black tea
11 / soft drinks
Counting Nouns
Korean commonly uses counting nouns for counting objects with numbers.
An example of a counting noun, (oclock), was introduced in unit 6. An
example of an English counting noun is the word cup when we say Ill have
two cups of coffee rather than Ill have two coffees.
The use of counting nouns in English is very limited. However, Korean has a
wide range of different counting nouns. can be used with most objects,
though it must not be used for people.
The list below shows the counting nouns that you are most likely to need in
everyday conversation, so you should memorise these.
This list shows less frequently used counting nouns and is provided for you to
refer to when necessary.
Task 6: Writing
Compile a shopping list from the information on the right. Make sure you use
the appropriate counting nouns. The first one has been done for you.
a. oranges 3 1.
b. apples 2 2.
c. eggs 10 3.
d. beer 5 4.
e. whisky 1 5.
f. cakes 4 6.
g. bread 1 7.
h. carrots 7 8.
246 UNIT 8
Task 7: Writing
You need to buy the items in the box for a party:
1. 1st
: .
: ?
: , .
: ?
: .
: , .
2. 2nd
: .
: ?
: , .
: , .
UNIT 8 247
3. 1st
: .
: ?
: , .
: , .
?
: . .
: , .
4. 2nd
: .
: ?
: , .
: , .
?
: , .
: , .
?
: .
5. 3rd
: .
: ?
: , .
: , .
248 UNIT 8
Task 8: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A(things) ? Have you got A?
A /. I have/haven't got A.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
yes
no
then
apple
bread
coke
whisky
beer
brandy
orange juice
1. ; in a fruit shop
2. ; in a small supermarket
3. ; in a bottle shop
250 UNIT 8
UNIT 8 251
Situation Dialogue 3
Minjun, Hyeonu and Paul are at a Korean restaurant in Melbourne.
: . ?
: .
: .
Vocabulary
. Welcome (Lit. Please come in right away)
three people
+? is it?
(+/ is the honorific form of +/.)
[ this side+ to] this way
kimchi stew
two
meat
here
water
one cup
+ only
no
yes
UNIT 8 255
(). Im full.
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
Examples:
(1) . Please give me one apple.
Note that the object does not change to a plural form when there is more than
one, unlike in English.
UNIT 8 257
20 30 40 50
60 70 80 90
258 UNIT 8
10
UNIT 8 259
You are going to hear pure Korean numbers from 1 to 10. Circle the
number that you hear. Ready? Listen!
You are going to hear the numbers again. However, this time write down
the number that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen!
19. 20.
260 UNIT 8
thirteen fourteen
fifteen sixteen
seventeen eighteen
nineteen twenty
You are going to hear pure Korean numbers from 11 to 20. Circle the
number that you hear. Ready? Listen!
B: Customer: You are ordering fast food for you and your friends. Decide
the quantities of each item that you will order from the menu below and
write it down. Order the items from the shop assistant.
[ ]
A: . (Welcome. Lit. Please come in right away)
B: .
A: , , ?
262 UNIT 8
Note that there is no space between the first noun and the particle, but there is
a space between the particle and the second noun (not , but
). We use + most often in conversation.
Examples:
(1) : . Please give me a coke and a coffee.
: . ?
: .
: .
: ?
: , , .
: .
: , . ?
: .
: , * ?
: .
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
coke
coffee
orange juice
milk
Unit Focus:
Asking for and Giving Prices
Asking for a Discount
o How much?
o Sino-Korean Numbers
o Telling the Time: # minutes
o am/are/is not
o Rate and Ratio Particle + per
o Delimiter Particle + only
o Demonstrative Pronouns: , , and
o Vocabulary: Colour Terms
o Vocabulary: Consumer Items
266 UNIT 9 ?
UNIT 9 ? 267
Situation Dialogue 1
Jihun and Minseo are at a fast food restaurant.
: ?
: .
: .
: ?
: .
: .
: .
Vocabulary
what
? [ give(honorific)+?shall I?]
Shall I give ?
bulgogi burger
meal
two
9,000 won
Note 2: The highest valued Korean note is 50,000 won and the lowest is
UNIT 9 ? 269
am/are/is not
1) +/ (am/are/is)
In unit 1 you have learned +/ to say A is B when B is a noun and
not an adjective. Remember that this ending must be added to the end of a
noun, pronoun or wh-question word.
Noun+() (Casual)
Noun+/ (Polite)
Noun+() (Honorific)
Rules:
If the noun ends in a vowel: +
? What is that?
If it ends in a consonant: +
. Its a photo of my girlfriend.
2)
If you want to say that A is not B, then you use .
Noun (Casual)
Noun (Polite)
Noun (Honorific)
Noun (Polite, formal)
However in this case, we do not write it as an ending attached to the noun, but
as a separate word:
Examples:
(1) A: ? Is s/he a Korean?
B: , . No. S/hes not a Korean.
(* is pronounced hang-nyeon.)
How much?
You learned the meaning of - how many, or what when used with
numerical nouns such as time/age/date/floor etc. - in Unit 6. Now we
will look at the word which has a similar meaning, but different usage.
Note that there is no noun after , but simply the verb meaning is. This
construction can always be equated to How much is? In the simple form
above, it is used to ask the price of something, but the word price is not used
in the sentence. So when asking about prices, always use , and for now,
use for asking about all other quantities or amounts.
274 UNIT 9 ?
Sino-Korean Numbers
Sino-Korean numbers are used in cases where numbers are more abstract. As
such, they are used for dates, telephone numbers, bus numbers, amounts of
money including prices, minutes when telling the time, room numbers, floors
of a building, measurements of weight, height, and so on.
/ 0
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
10 20 30 40 50
100 200 300 400
1000 2000 3000 4000
10000 20000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
Examples:
year 1995
month name January
date (of the month) the 2nd (of a month)
weeks three weeks
minutes four minutes
currency five won
floor the sixth floor
building number building no. 7
room number room no. 8
telephone number , 1 901-2000
UNIT 9 ? 275
Note 1: Koreans typically express the first four (or three) digits of a phone
number as one number, followed by , and then the last four digits as
another number, before finally adding . However, Koreans are increasingly
expressing phone numbers as a series of digits, as in English.
More examples:
(1) A: ? How much is this?
B: . Its 1,500 won.
Note that it is important to remember for which items you must use pure
Korean numbers and in which cases you must use Sino-Korean numbers.
Eventually you should not have to think about which number system to use.
Normally, numbers are written using digits and not spelled out in Hangul. So
when a number is written as, for example, 24, you need to know whether to
read it as or as to avoid sounding like a foreigner!
UNIT 9 ? 277
Task 1: Listening
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
/ zero one two three
You are going to hear Sino-Korean numbers from 0 to 10. Circle the
numbers that you hear. Ready? Listen!
You are going to hear the numbers again. However, this time write down
the numbers that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen!
21. 22.
278 UNIT 9 ?
Task 2: Listening
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
eleven twelve
thirteen fourteen
fifteen sixteen
seventeen eighteen
nineteen twenty
You are going to hear Sino-Korean numbers from 11 to 20. Circle the
numbers that you hear. Ready? Listen!
Task 3: Listening
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
ten twenty thirty
forty fifty sixty
seventy eighty ninety
(a) hundred
You are going to hear Sino-Korean numbers from 10 to 100. Circle the
numbers that you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. a. 40 b. 90 2. a. 30 b. 70 3. a. 20 b. 80
4. a. 50 b. 90 5. a. 60 b. 30 6. a. 70 b. 80
7. a. 40 b. 30 8. a. 10 b. 90 9. a. 50 b. 30
10. a. 100 b. 90
You are going to hear the numbers again. However, this time write down
the numbers that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen!
20.
280 UNIT 9 ?
Task 4: Writing
Read the dialogues and write down the prices next to each article. The first
one has been done for you.
b. cigarette .
c. ice cream .
d. cheeseburger .
1. : ?
: .
2. : ?
: .
3. : ?
: .
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
UNIT 9 ? 281
A: Customer: You are in a coffee shop. There is a menu on the table but
there are no prices. Ask the waiter/waitress the price of each item and
fill in the menu below. When you have all the prices, order a drink.
When you have finished, show your partner what you have written to
check if youve got the prices correct. Refer to the dialogue below.
B: Waiter: You are serving a customer in a coffee shop. Decide what you
would like to charge for your coffees.
[ ]
: ?
: [ ] ?
: 2,500 .
: , [ ]?
MENU
282 UNIT 9 ?
Task 6: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A . Give me A, Please.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
ice cream
cheeseburger
hamburger
coke
coffee
milk
indian tea
and
French fries
sum
You are going to hear some dialogue that might happen in a fast food
restaurant. Listen for the number of items that a customer is ordering and the
price. Write down the number and the price on your sheet. Ready? Listen!
UNIT 9 ? 283
1. 2.
284 UNIT 9 ?
3. 4.
UNIT 9 ? 285
Task 7: Writing
Complete the dialogue: You are looking for a newspaper at a kiosk.
1. :
2. :
3. :
4. :
5. :
: . (Welcome)
: ?
: , .
: ?
: .
: ?
: , .
: ?
: .
286 UNIT 9 ?
Sino Korean numbers are used for the minutes of the time:
3:15
To say a specific time, including how many minutes past, simply add the
number of minutes followed by the word (minutes) after the hour, so you
have something like three oclock and fifteen minutes.
Examples:
( is pronounced "kkeunnayo".)
UNIT 9 ? 287
Task 8: Listening
You are going to hear more dialogue on the time. " ?"
"12 30." Write down the time that you hear in Korean. Ready?
Listen!
1. . 2. .
3. . 4. .
5. . 6. .
7. . 8. .
9. . 10. .
11. . 12. .
288 UNIT 9 ?
UNIT 9 ? 289
Situation Dialogue 2
Minseo is buying fruit at a market.
: , , ?
: .
: , ?
: .
: , ?
: .
: . .
: , .
: ... , .
Vocabulary
? [ how much+ is] How much is it?
[ one unit+ per] per unit
1,000 won
? [ how ?do?]
How much ? (Lit. How do sell (per bunch or per kilo?))
[ kilo+ per] per kilo
[ four thousand] 4,000
[ am/are/is+ (soft sentence ending)] is
[ three thousand] 3,000
too
Examples:
(1) : ? How much are those grapes?
? that pork?
.
(600g ( ) is often used (rather than 1 kilogram or 500 grams)
because it approximates an old Korean measure.)
: . All right.
? to the party?
? (part-time) on Saturdays as
well?
: , . No, I only work on
Fridays.
( on its own means Saturday, so the (day) is completely
redundant. However, the two are often used together in colloquial
speech. If you wanted to specify that something happened in the
daytime, as in the colloquial English, on Saturday day, then you
would say because the word does not have the
connotation of daytime that the English word day does. is
pronounced to-yo-il-lal.)
UNIT 9 ? 295
Task 9: Writing
Read the dialogues and write down the prices next to each article. The first
one has been done for you.
a. book 15,000 .
b. camera .
c. apple .
d. pear .
e. grapes .
1. : ?
: .
2. : ?
: .
3. : , , ?
: .
: , ?
: .
: , ?
: .
296 UNIT 9 ?
A: You are in a greengrocers. Ask the shop assistant the prices of the fruit
below and write them down in the appropriate blanks. When you have
finished, show your partner what you have written to check if you have
the prices correct.
B: You are a shop assistant in a greengrocers. Decide the price you would
like to receive for each item.
[ ]
A: , / ?
B: .
A: ?
B: () .
A: , () .
kg kg
UNIT 9 ? 297
298 UNIT 9 ?
UNIT 9 ? 299
Situation Dialogue 3
Minseo is buying a sweater at a department store.
: ?
: .
: .
... , ?
: .
: .
: . ?1
: , .
Vocabulary
that (one over there)
black
sweater
180,000 won
red
95,000 won
please; a bit
Examples:
(1) A: . Give me that one.
B: ? ? Which one? This one?
/ white
/ black
red
1 blue
yellow
/ green
/ 2 pink
/ orange
grey
3 brown
purple
violet
gold
silver
rainbow (, , , , , (indigo), )
9. violet sweater 10. pink sweater 11. blue sweater 12. green sweater
B: You are a shop assistant. Decide what prices you would like to charge
for the sweaters.
[ ]
: ?
: .
: . , ?
: .
: .
: . ?
: , .
304 UNIT 9 ?
television
washing machine
electric heater
vacuum cleaner
bed
desk
sofa
bookcase
computer
/ mobile phone
( ) digital camera
electronic dictionary
watch
leather shoe
handbag
ring
necklace
earring
UNIT 9 ? 305
a. e. i.
b. f. j.
c. g. k.
d. h. l.
1. shoes . 7. watch .
2. bed . 8. sofa .
3. bookcase . 9. ring .
(EXPONENT)
? How much is it?
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
refrigerator
bed
desk
sofa
bookcase
then
colour television
I see
thank you
thousand
ten thousand
Sumi has come to Seoul to go to a university and has rented a flat. She
needs lots of household items. She has decided to buy second hand furniture.
Now, she is calling to find out the prices of some items shown in the
advertisement below. Write down the price next to each item that you hear.
Ready? Listen!
UNIT 9 ? 307
(3.0kg) 10
2 3 3 5
7556-3440
8565-3740 4 2
3 9
5 5388-9155
6 386DX40 70
80x150cm MP3 8
FM/AM
4387-2513 9 5
75 3736-1884
(5) 7 50
308 UNIT 9 ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
310 UNIT 9 ?
(Susan has come to Korea on an exchange program and wrote the following
email to her Korean teacher in Australia.)
! 18,000 .
. .
1,250 4,000 !
. .
. 5,500 .
. .
UNIT 9 ? 311
Vocabulary
[ I(humble)+(topic particle)] I
[ Seoul Uni+ to] to Seoul (National) Univ.
[ exchange student+ as]
as an exchange student
[ come+(past tense ending)] came
[ yesterday+(topic particle)] yesterday
[ friend (plural suffix)+ with] with friends
[ restaurant+ at] at a restaurant
lunch
well; and
So; therefore
Unit Focus:
Talking About Yourself and Your Family
Situation Dialogue 1
Hyeonu introduces Minjun to Paul who is younger than both of them.
: .
: .
: , . ?
: 2 .
: ?
: 92 .
: , 89 .
: .
: .
: .
: ?
: .
Vocabulary
Korean (language)
really
now
[ we+(topic particle)] we
[ am/are/is+(casual soft ending)] are
older brother (of a male)
Note 1: In Korea, students dont talk about studying Arts or Science, but
identify themselves by their department.
Example
A: . Your Korean is really good.
B: . I still cant do it well.
318 UNIT 10 ?
The first way is normally used in everyday speech. The second is used in
more formal situations, such as filling out forms:
: 20 () . Age: 20 years
(Note that Sino-Korean numbers are more often written as digits.)
The pure Korean numbers are provided below. Refer to Unit 9 for
Sino-Korean numbers.
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
30 40 50 60 70
80 90
The school year is divided into two semesters for early schooling as well as
tertiary education. The first semester begins in March and lasts until mid-July
and the second from September 1st till late-December.
Education System
kindergarten senior high school
Level of Study
first year fourth year
Task 1: ?
You are going to ask about the year of university and age of your classmates.
First you should check the vocabulary list below to find how to say the level
of study relevant to yourself. Now move around the class asking questions to
the other students, filling in the table below.
[ ]
A: ?
B: [ 3 ] .
A: / [ 2 ] , [ 91 ] .
Note: Someone who was born in the year 2000 would have to say
whereas someone born in 1987 can simply use the two last digits:
.
Level of Study
first year fourth year
Situation Dialogue 2
Paul is asking Minjun how he knows Hyeonu.
: .
: , . , ?
: .
: ... ?
: , .
: , .
: .
: ?
: . ?
: .
Vocabulary
well then; in that case
+() with
nah, I mean (used when correcting what you have just said)
how
fellow alumni
+ casual form of +
? [ what+?(polite ending)] what?
together
what; which
university (or )
[ attend+( polite past tense ending)] attended
Korea University
major
() business management
() economics
+ and
Korean (language)
Faculty of Arts
Faculty of Science
Faculty of Medicine
Faculty of Law
Faculty of Business
Faculty of Education
Department of Economics
Note: To talk about a particular Major of Study, the above vocabulary is used
without (Department): (economics major).
UNIT 10 ? 327
Task 2: ?
Fill in the blanks of the example dialogue below with an appropriate response.
If you dont know the name of your major in Korean, you can refer to the list
of faculties and departments on the previous page. The department names can
be made into subject names by taking off the . Now move around the class
introducing yourself to the other students and filling in the table below.
[ ]
A: ?
B: [ ]().
A: ?
B: [ ]().
A: [ ] .
[ ]/.
Name () Major ()
328 UNIT 10 ?
Word Contractions
Koreans, like Australians, like to shorten words by contracting them. This is
particularly noticeable with university names as shown below:
or (Australia)
Victoria University Vic Uni
University of Queensland UQ
It is also common to use contractions for the library names at university since
there is usually more than one:
(Main Library)
(Science Library)
UNIT 10 ? 329
330 UNIT 10 ?
UNIT 10 ? 331
Situation Dialogue 3
Paul is asking Minjuns family details.
: ?
: ~
: ?
: ... ?
: . . ? ?
: ?
... , .
: , . . .
: , .
Vocabulary
no reason
+ am/are/is
yeah
? but why?
just
time
I have to go
, yes; okay
Vocabulary: Family
father (boys) elder brother
daughter first
husband second
wife third
grandfather cousin
So for example, there are different words for older brothers and sisters
depending on your sex. These words for older sister and brother, /
and /, are also commonly used between people who are not related.
When you feel close to someone who is older than you, you can call him or
her by the appropriate term for your sex. Koreans dont refer to or speak to
people who are older than them using their given names.
Koreans also distinguish between the fathers family and the mothers. The
terms given above for grandparents, uncles and aunts only refer to the fathers
family. If you were speaking about your mothers side, you would add the
UNIT 10 ? 335
Task 3: / ?
Ask your partner about his or her siblings. Circle the right kinship term in the
cells below and write down their ages.
[ ]
A: / ?
B: , / , .
A: , ?
B: .
A: / ?
B: .
A: ?
B: .
Relationship Age
/ / /
/ / /
/ / /
/ / /
/ / /
UNIT 10 ? 337
a. h.
b. i.
c. j. /
d. k.
e. l.
f. m.
g.
1. father
2. mother
3. daughter
4. son
5. husband
6. wife
7. younger sister
13. children
338 UNIT 10 ?
+/ +/ (Plain)
+ + (Honorific)
Examples:
(1) . Mr Kim is busy these days.
. America.
. on Korean history.
Possessive Pronouns
When we want to refer to the fact that something belongs to somebody in
English, we use possessive pronouns such as my, our, your, his, her,
and their. How you use the corresponding Korean words depends on styles
of speech. This is illustrated in the following table:
Casual
Humble * * *
Honorific * * *
Examples:
(1) A: ? Whose book is this?
B: . Its my book.
However, in Korean you dont often use the 2nd or 3rd person possessive
pronouns. In such cases you just link the item and persons name:
As seen in (3), Koreans often use (our) when they mean (my). This
reflects the importance of the group in Korean culture. A Korean will refer to
his or her parents, school and company as , and
respectively. A man may even refer to his wife as (lit. our
house person). However, if you were talking about something which is yours
personally and not the groups (other than your spouse!), you would use or
, as in examples (1) and (2).
342 UNIT 10 ?
Vocabulary: Occupations
nurse novelist
miner cook
teacher driver
soldier musician
technician doctor
farmer writer
dancer politician
attorney judge
Task 5: ?
Use what you have learnt to talk about the members of your family and what
they do with a partner.
Relationship Occupation
344 UNIT 10 ?
Examples:
(1) ? Could you give me your name
please?
If you were asking about a junior or a child, you would ask such questions in
a more direct way such as:
A: You are a bank teller. You work in the new accounts section. A
customer wants to open a new account. Fill in the form below and show
your partner what you have written when you finish.
B: You are in a bank to open a new account. Answer the bank tellers
questions. When finished, check that s/he has got all the information
correct.
[ ]
A:
B: .
A: ?
B: [ ].
A: ?
B: [ ].
A: ?
B: [ ],
[ ].
A: ?
B: [ ].
: .
:
: .
: .
UNIT 10 ? 347
Task 7: Listening
(EXPONENT)
? When is your birthday?
A B . It's the B of A.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
birthday year 1 January
2 February 3 March 4 April
5 May 6 June 7 July
8 August 9 September 10 October
11 November 12 December
Sino-Korean numbers up to 31
Listen to these people saying when their birthdays are. Circle the day of
the month each person was born and write down the number of the dialogue
next to it. Ready? Listen!
348 UNIT 10 ?
Task 8: Listening
(EXPONENT)
? (Honorific Expression)
What is your name?
? What is your name?
A/. I'm A.
/? When is your birthdate?
A B C. It's the C of B (Year) A.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
name(colloquial form) honorific form of
written form of birthdate
Sino-Korean numbers up to 2000
hundred thousand
You will hear a dialogue in which a bank clerk is asking people names and
birthdates for a new account. Write down their birthdates on the correct form
below. Ready? Listen!
The last form (No. 6) is for you. The clerk will ask you your name and date
of birth. Tell them to the clerk and write them down on the form. Ready?
Listen!
UNIT 10 ? 349
Task 9: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?, Who is that person?
A. She\he is A.
?/ ? What is his/her age?
A(number) . She/he is A years old.
? What is her/his occupation?
A. It is A.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
over there that
person who
age then
occupation counting unit for age
lawyer doctor
computer colloquial form of
engineer what
politician pure Korean numbers up to 40
is at a party and is asking her friend about people whom she does not
know. Write down their ages and occupations in the appropriate blanks.
Ready? Listen!
350 UNIT 10 ?
Examples:
(1) () exam
(2) () teacher
(3) () mail
(4) () sorry
(5) () game
(6) () Saturday
(7) () laughing
(8) () laughing
(14) _ crying
.
87 , .
2 .
.
.
, . ^-^
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. !
352 UNIT 10 ?
Vocabulary
[ self introduction] self-introduction
my
[ restaurant+(to)] to restaurants
often
money
[ need] need
354 UNIT 10 ?
TRANSCRIPT
OF
LISTENING
TASKS
356 TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS
Susan: . Yeongjin: ,
Yeongjin : . .
Susan: , .
(Dialogue) 3 (Yeongjin: S; Susan: L)
Paul: .
Sumi: . (Dialogue) 3
. Paul: ,
Paul: . .
. Teacher: , .
(Paul: L; Teacher: S)
Sumi: .
(Dialogue) 4
(Dialogue) 4
Minseop: ,
Minseop: .
.
.
Amanda: ,
Amanda: ,
.
.
(Minseop: L; Amanda: L)
Minseop: .
TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 357
7. 8. (Dialogue) 2
9. 10. : ?
11. 2: , .
12. 13. : , ?
14. 15. 2: ,
16. 17. .
18. 19. : , ?
20. 21. 2: , .
22. : , ?
2: , .
Unit 3, Task 5 : , ?
(Dialogue) 1 2: , .
: ? : ,
1: , . ?
: , ? 2: , .
1: , .
: , ? (Dialogue) 3
1: , . : ?
: , ? 3: , .
1: , : , ?
. 3: , .
: , ? : , ?
1: , . 3: , .
: , .
? : ,
1: , . ?
3: , .
TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 359
Unit 4, Task 3 : , .
(Dialogue) 1 ?
: , . : .
: , . ?
? : .
: .
: . Unit 5, Task 2
. (Dialogue) 1
A : ?
(Dialogue) 2 B : .
: , .
: , . (Dialogue) 2
? A : ?
: . B : .
: .
. (Dialogue) 3
A : ?
(Dialogue) 3 B : .
: , .
: , . (Dialogue) 4
. A : ?
: ? B : .
: .
(Dialogue) 5
?
A : ?
: .
B : .
(Dialogue) 4
(Dialogue) 6
: , .
360 TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS
A : ? 1.A : ?
B : . B : .
(Dialogue) 7 2.A : ?
A : ? B : .
B : .
3.A : ?
(Dialogue) 8 B : .
A : ?
B : . 4.A : ?
B : .
(Dialogue) 9
A : ? 5.A : ?
B : . B : .
(Dialogue) 10 6.A : ?
A : ? B : .
B : .
7.A : ?
(Dialogue) 11 B : .
A : ?
B : . 8.A : ?
B : .
(Dialogue) 12
A : ? 9.A : ?
B : . B : .
10.A : ?
Unit 6, Task 1
TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 361
B : . : , , .
: ?
11.A : ? : , .
B : . : ?
: , .
12.A : ?
B : . (Dialogue) 4
: , .
Unit 6, Task 9 : , .
(Dialogue) 1 : ?
: ? : , .
? : ?
: , . : , .
: ?
: , . Unit 6, Task 11
: ? (Dialogue) 1
: , . : , .
: , .
(Dialogue) 2 : ?
: , . : , .
: , , . : ,
: ? ?
: , . : , .
: ?
: , . (Dialogue) 2
: , .
(Dialogue) 3 : , , .
: , . : ?
362 TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS
: , . (Dialogue) 2
: , I.O. : ?
? 2: .
: , .
(Dialogue) 3
(Dialogue) 3 I.O. : ?
: , . 3: .
: , , .
: ? (Dialogue) 4
: , I.O. : ?
: , 4: .
?
: , . (Dialogue) 5
I.O. : ?
(Dialogue) 4 5: .
: , .
: , . (Dialogue) 6
: ? I.O. : ?
: , . 6: .
: ,
Unit 7, Task 2, Part 2
?
(Dialogue) 1
: , .
I.O. : ?
1: .
Unit 7, Task 2, Part 1
I.O : ?
(Dialogue) 1
1: .
I.O. : ?
(Immigration Officer)
1: .
TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 363
(Dialogue) 2 I.O : ?
I.O. : ? 6: .
2: .
I.O : ? Unit 7, Task 4
2: . (Dialogue) 1
: ?
(Dialogue) 3 detective
I.O. : ? :
3: . .
I.O : ? : ?
3: . :
.
(Dialogue) 4 : ?
I.O. : ? :
4: . .
I.O : ? : ?
4: . :
.
(Dialogue) 5 : ?
I.O. : ? :
5: . .
I.O :
? (Dialogue) 2
5: . : ?
:
(Dialogue) 6 .
I.O. : ? : ?
6: . :
364 TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS
. .
: ?
: (Dialogue) 4
. : ?
: ? : .
: : ?
. :
: ?
: .
. : ?
:
(Dialogue) 3
: ? .
: . : ?
: ? :
: .
. : ?
: ? :
:
.
. : ?
: ? :
: .
. Unit 8, Task 3
: ? 1. A : ?
: B : , .
2. A : ?
TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 365
B : , . 16. A : ?
3. A : ? B : , .
B : , . 17. A : ?
4. A : ? B : , .
B : , . 18. A : ?
5. A : ? B : , .
B : , . 19. A : ?
6. A : ? B : , .
B : , . 20. A : ?
7. A : ? B : , .
B : , .
8. A : ? Unit 8, Task 8
B : , . (Dialogue) 1
9. A : ? ( ; in a fruit shop)
B : , . : .
10. A : ? : ?
B : , . : , .
11. A : ? : ?
B : , . : , .
12. A : ? : ,
B : , . .
13. A : ?
B : , . (Dialogue) 2
14. A : ? (;
B : , . in a small supermarket)
15. A : ? : .
B : , . : ?
366 TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS
Unit 8, Task 10 : .
1. 2. 3. ?
4. 5. 6. :
7. 8. 9. .
10.
Unit 9, Task 1
11. 12. 13. 1. 2. 3.
7. 8. 9. :
10. 11. .
: .
12. 13. 14. : ?
15. 16. 17. : .
18. 19. 20.
21. 22. (Dialogue) 2
: .
Unit 9, Task 2 :
1. 2. 3. .
4. 5. 6. : .
7. 8. 9. : ?
10. : .
: . 9.A : ?
: ? B : .
: .
10.A : ?
Unit 9, Task 8 B : .
1. A : ?
11.A : ?
B : .
B : .
2.A : ?
12.A : ?
B : .
B : .
3.A : ?
B : . Unit 9, Task 13
1. : ?
4.A : ? 1 : .
B : .
2. : ?
5.A : ? 2 : .
B : .
3. : ?
6.A : ? 3 : .
B : . : ,
?
7.A : ? 3 : .
B : .
4. : ?
8.A : ? 4 : .
B : . : ?
TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS 369
4 : B : .
.
: , . 9. A : ?
. B : .
10. A : ?
Unit 10, Task 7
B : .
1. A : ?
B : .
11. A : ?
B : .
2. A : ?
B : .
12. A : ?
B : .
3. A : ?
B : .
Unit 10, Task 8
4. A : ? (Dialogue) 1
B : . A : ?
B : .
5. A : ? A : ----.
B : .
?
6. A : ? B :
B : . .
7. A : ? (Dialogue) 2
B : . A : ?
B : .
8. A : ? A : ----.
370 TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS
?
? B :
B : .
.
The last form is for you. The
?
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
3. : ,
?
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
4. : ,
?
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
372 TRANSCRIPT OF LISTENING TASKS
APPENDIX
374 APPENDIX
An x indicates that the conjugation for that cell is not applicable. For
example, there is no formal Honorific form of (cheap), ,
because the subject of the sentence would not be a human being and
therefore we cannot use an honorific form.
A q following a word in the table is used to indicate that the form given
only applies to questions. For example, ? can only be used to
say Do you find it delicious? and not That food is delicious, because the
subject of the sentence is not a human being and therefore we cannot use an
honorific form.
The Korean words for handsome, old (human being), old (things), thin
(people) and ugly are often used with , so this has been added to the
stems of each (stem+):
+
+
+
+
+
APPENDIX 375
Instead of dictionary form, the verb or adjective stem has been provided in
the following appendices. Therefore, you will need to add to the stem to
look up a particular word in the dictionary. For example, would appear
under .
376 APPENDIX
Appendix 1: Copular be
+ +
be not x x
With + ending
Present Past Future (Suppostition)
be + + (+ )
+ + +
be not
380 APPENDIX
ask ()
build ()
buy ()
call ()
choose ()
clean ()
come ()
cook () ()
dance () ()
do ()
draw ()
drink () *
eat () *
give ()
go ()
go regularly ()
help ()
leave ()
listen ()
live ()
marry ()
meet ()
order ()
APPENDIX 381
* *
* *
382 APPENDIX
play ()
quit (job) ()
quit (smoking) ()
read ()
rest ()
sing ()
sit down ()
sleep () *
smoke ()
speak ()
stand up ()
start ()
study ()
swim ()
take (vehicle) ()
talk () *
wait ()
walk ()
watch ()
wear ()
wear (shoes) ()
work ()
write ()
APPENDIX 383
* *
* *
384 APPENDIX
ask ()
build ()
buy ()
call ()
choose ()
clean ()
come ()
cook () ()
dance () ()
do ()
draw ()
drink () *
eat () *
give ()
go ()
go regularly ()
help ()
leave ()
listen ()
live ()
marry ()
meet ()
order ()
APPENDIX 385
* *
* *
386 APPENDIX
play ()
quit (job) ()
quit
(smoking) ()
read ()
rest ()
sing ()
sit down ()
sleep () *
smoke ()
speak ()
stand up ()
start ()
study ()
swim ()
take (vehicle) ()
talk () *
wait ()
walk ()
watch ()
wear ()
wear (shoes) ()
work ()
write ()
APPENDIX 387
* *
* *
388 APPENDIX
ask
build
buy
call
choose
clean
come
cook ()
dance ()
do
draw
drink *
eat *
give
go
go regularly
help
leave
listen
live
marry
meet
order
APPENDIX 389
* *
* *
390 APPENDIX
play
quit (job)
quit (smoking)
read
rest
sing
sit down
sleep *
smoke
speak
stand up
start
study
swim
take (vehicle)
talk *
wait
walk
watch
wear
wear (shoes)
work
write
APPENDIX 391
* *
* *
392 APPENDIX
ask () ()
build () ()
buy () ()
call () ()
choose () ()
clean () ()
come () ()
cook () () ()
dance () () ()
do () ()
draw () ()
drink () ()
eat () ()
give () ()
go () ()
go regularly () ()
help () ()
leave () ()
listen () ()
live () ()
marry () ()
meet () ()
order () ()
APPENDIX 393
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
* * ()
* * ()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
394 APPENDIX
play () ()
quit (job) () ()
quit (smoking) () ()
read () ()
rest () ()
sing () ()
sit down () ()
sleep () ()
smoke () ()
speak () ()
stand up () ()
start () ()
study () ()
swim () ()
take (vehicle) () ()
talk () ()
wait () ()
walk () ()
watch () ()
wear () ()
wear (shoes) () ()
work () ()
write () ()
APPENDIX 395
Would you like to? Would you like to? I will I will
(Honorific) (Honorific Formal) (Very Polite Formal)
+()? +()? +()() +
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
* * ()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
* * () *
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
396 APPENDIX
ask
build
buy
call
choose
clean
come
cook ()
dance ()
do
draw
drink
eat
give
go
go regularly
help
leave
listen
live
marry
meet
order
APPENDIX 397
play
quit (job)
quit (smoking)
read
rest
sing
sit down
sleep
smoke
speak
stand up
start
study
swim
take (vehicle)
talk
wait
walk
watch
wear
wear (shoes)
work
write
398 APPENDIX
ask () () ()
build () () ()
buy () () ()
call () () ()
choose () () ()
clean () () ()
come () () ()
cook () () () ()
dance () () () ()
do () () ()
draw () () ()
drink () () ()
eat () () ()
give () () ()
go () () ()
go regularly () () ()
help () () ()
leave () () ()
listen () () ()
live () () ()
marry () () ()
meet () () ()
order () () ()
APPENDIX 399
& +() ()
Stem and / but and / but and / but
(present) (past) (future)
+() +/() +() ()
play () () ()
quit (job) () () ()
quit (smoking) () () ()
read () () ()
rest () () ()
sing () () ()
sit down () () ()
sleep () () ()
smoke () () ()
speak () () ()
stand up () () ()
start () () ()
study () () ()
swim () () ()
take (vehicle) () () ()
talk () () ()
wait () () ()
walk () () ()
watch () () ()
wear () () ()
wear (shoes) () () ()
work () () ()
write () () ()
400 APPENDIX
ask () () ()
build () () ()
buy () () ()
call () () ()
choose () () ()
clean () () ()
come () () ()
cook () () () ()
dance () () () ()
do () () ()
draw () () ()
drink () () ()
eat () () ()
give () () ()
go () () ()
go regularly () () ()
help () () ()
leave () () ()
listen () () ()
live () () ()
marry () () ()
meet () () ()
order () () ()
APPENDIX 401
&+() ()
Stem Its because Its because Its because
(present) (past) (future)
+() +/() +()
play () () ()
quit (job) () () ()
quit (smoking) () () ()
read () () ()
rest () () ()
sing () () ()
sit down () () ()
sleep () () ()
smoke () () ()
speak () () ()
stand up () () ()
start () () ()
study () () ()
swim () () ()
take (vehicle) () () ()
talk () () ()
wait () () ()
walk () () ()
watch () () ()
wear () () ()
wear (shoes) () () ()
work () () ()
write () () ()
402 APPENDIX
ask
build
buy
call
choose
clean
come
cook ()
dance ()
do
draw
drink
eat
give
go
go regularly
help
leave
listen
live
marry
meet
order
APPENDIX 403
404 APPENDIX
play
quit (job)
quit (smoking)
read
rest
sing
sit down
sleep
smoke
speak
stand up
start
study
swim
take (vehicle)
talk
wait
walk
watch
wear
wear (shoes)
work
write
APPENDIX 405
406 APPENDIX
bad ()
beautiful ()
big ()
boring ()
bright ()
busy ()
cheap () q
clean ()
close ()
cloudy ()
cold(thing) ()
cold ()
complicated ()
cool ()
cute ()
dangerous ()
dark ()
deep ()
delicious () q
APPENDIX 407
x x
x
408 APPENDIX
diligent ()
dirty ()
easy ()
expensive ()
far ()
fat ()
fine(weather) ()
fun ()
(enjoyable)
good ()
handsome + ()
happy ()
happy ()
hate/dislike () q
heavy ()
high ()
hot ()
hot (spicy) ()
hot () q
(temperature)
interesting ()
(fun )
APPENDIX 409
410 APPENDIX
lazy ()
light ()
long ()
low ()
narrow ()
noisy ()
numerous ()
old (people) + ()
old (thing) + () x
pretty ()
quick ()
quiet ()
sad () q
salty ()
shallow ()
short ()
sick ()
slim ()
APPENDIX 411
x x
412 APPENDIX
small ()
small ()
(quantity)
smart ()
strong ()
tall ()
tasteless () q
thick ()
thin (people) + ()
thin (thing) ()
thirsty () q
tired () q
ugly + ()
warm ()
weak ()
wide ()
young ()
APPENDIX 413
414 APPENDIX
bad ()
beautiful ()
big ()
boring ()
bright ()
busy ()
cheap () q
clean ()
close ()
cloudy ()
cold (thing) ()
cold () q
complicated ()
cool ()
cute ()
dangerous ()
dark ()
deep ()
delicious () q
APPENDIX 415
x x
x
416 APPENDIX
diligent ()
dirty ()
easy ()
expensive ()
far ()
fat ()
fine ()
(weather)
fun ()
(enjoyable)
good ()
handsome + ()
happy
()
happy ()
hate/dislike () q
heavy ()
high ()
hot ()
hot (spicy) ()
hot () q
(temperature)
interesting () q
(fun )
APPENDIX 417
418 APPENDIX
lazy ()
light ()
long () *
low ()
narrow ()
noisy ()
numerous ()
old (people) + ()
old (thing) + () x
pretty ()
quick ()
quiet ()
sad () q
salty ()
shallow ()
short ()
sick ()
slim ()
APPENDIX 419
x x
420 APPENDIX
small ()
small ()
(quantity)
smart ()
strong ()
tall ()
tasteless () q
thick ()
thin + ()
(people)
thin (thing) ()
thirsty () q
tired () q
ugly + ()
warm ()
weak ()
wide ()
young ()
APPENDIX 421
422 APPENDIX
bad
beautiful
big
boring
bright
busy
cheap
clean
close
cloudy
cold(thing)
cold
complicated
cool
cute
dangerous
dark
deep
delicious
APPENDIX 423
424 APPENDIX
diligent
dirty
easy
expensive
far
fat
fine(weather)
fun (enjoyable)
good
handsome +
happy
happy
hate/dislike
heavy
high
hot
hot (spicy)
hot (temperature)
interesting (fun )
APPENDIX 425
426 APPENDIX
lazy
light
long
low
narrow
noisy
numerous
quick
quiet
sad
salty
shallow
short
sick
slim
APPENDIX 427
* *
/
*
x x
428 APPENDIX
small
small (quantity)
smart
strong
tall
tasteless
thick
thin(people) +
thin(thing)
thirsty
tired
ugly +
warm
weak
wide
young
APPENDIX 429
430 APPENDIX
bad ()
beautiful ()
big ()
boring ()
bright ()
busy ()
cheap ()
clean ()
close ()
cloudy ()
cold(thing) ()
cold ()
complicated ()
cool ()
cute ()
dangerous ()
dark ()
deep ()
delicious ()
APPENDIX 431
diligent ()
dirty ()
easy ()
expensive ()
far ()
fat ()
fine(weather) ()
fun (enjoyable) ()
good ()
handsome + ()
happy ()
happy ()
hate/dislike ()
heavy ()
high ()
hot ()
hot (spicy) ()
hot (temperature) ()
interesting (fun ) ()
432 APPENDIX
lazy ()
light ()
long ()
low ()
narrow ()
noisy ()
numerous ()
old (people) + ()
old (thing) + ()
pretty ()
quick ()
quiet ()
sad ()
salty ()
shallow ()
short ()
sick ()
slim ()
APPENDIX 433
small ()
small (quantity) ()
smart ()
strong ()
tall ()
tasteless ()
thick ()
thin(people) + ()
thin(thing) ()
thirsty ()
tired ()
ugly + ()
warm ()
weak ()
wide ()
young ()
434 APPENDIX
bad () () ()
beautiful () () ()
big () () ()
boring () () ()
bright () () ()
busy () () ()
cheap () () ()
clean () () ()
close () () ()
cloudy () () ()
cold(thing) () () ()
cold () () ()
complicated () () ()
cool () () ()
cute () () ()
dangerous () () ()
dark () () ()
deep () () ()
delicious () () ()
APPENDIX 435
diligent () () ()
dirty () () ()
easy () () ()
expensive () () ()
far () () ()
fat () () ()
fine(weather) () () ()
fun (enjoyable) () () ()
good () () ()
handsome + () () ()
happy () () ()
happy () () ()
hate/dislike () () ()
heavy () () ()
high () () ()
hot () () ()
hot (spicy) () () ()
hot (temperature) () () ()
interesting (fun ) () () ()
436 APPENDIX
lazy () () ()
light () () ()
long () () ()
low () () ()
narrow () () ()
noisy () () ()
numerous () () ()
quick () () ()
quiet () () ()
sad () () ()
salty () () ()
shallow () () ()
short () () ()
sick () () ()
slim () () ()
APPENDIX 437
small () () ()
small (quantity) () () ()
smart () () ()
strong () () ()
tall () () ()
tasteless () () ()
thick () () ()
thin(people) + () () ()
thin(thing) () () ()
thirsty () () ()
tired () () ()
ugly + () () ()
warm () () ()
weak () () ()
wide () () ()
young () () ()
438 APPENDIX
bad () () ()
beautiful () () ()
big () () ()
boring () () ()
bright () () ()
busy () () ()
cheap () () ()
clean () () ()
close () () ()
cloudy () () ()
cold(thing) () () ()
cold () () ()
complicated () () ()
cool () () ()
cute () () ()
dangerous () () ()
dark () () ()
deep () () ()
delicious () () ()
APPENDIX 439
diligent () () ()
dirty () () ()
easy () () ()
expensive () () ()
far () () ()
fat () () ()
fine(weather) () () ()
fun (enjoyable) () () ()
good () () ()
handsome + () () ()
happy () () ()
happy () () ()
hate/dislike () () ()
heavy () () ()
high () () ()
hot () () ()
hot (spicy) () () ()
hot () () ()
(temperature)
interesting (fun ) () () ()
440 APPENDIX
lazy () () ()
light () () ()
long () () ()
low () () ()
narrow () () ()
noisy () () ()
numerous () () ()
quick () () ()
quiet () () ()
sad () () ()
salty () () ()
shallow () () ()
short () () ()
sick () () ()
slim () () ()
APPENDIX 441
small () () ()
small (quantity) () () ()
smart () () ()
strong () () ()
tall () () ()
tasteless () () ()
thick () () ()
thin(people) + () () ()
thin(thing) () () ()
thirsty () () ()
tired () () ()
ugly + () () ()
warm () () ()
weak () () ()
wide () () ()
young () () ()
442 APPENDIX
bad
beautiful
big
boring
bright
busy
cheap
clean
close
cloudy
cold(thing)
cold
complicated
cool
cute
dangerous
dark
deep
delicious
APPENDIX 443
diligent
dirty
easy
expensive
far
fat
fine(weather)
fun (enjoyable)
good
handsome +
happy
happy
hate/dislike
heavy
high
hot
hot (spicy)
hot (temperature)
interesting (fun )
444 APPENDIX
lazy
light
long
low
narrow
noisy
numerous
old (people) + /
old (thing) +
pretty
quick
quiet
sad
salty
shallow
short
sick
slim
APPENDIX 445
small
small
(quantity)
smart
strong
tall
thick
thin(people) +
thin(thing)
thirsty
tired
tasteless
ugly +
warm
weak
wide
young
446 APPENDIX
+/ Subject Particles .
+ (honorific) (after nouns, pronouns) .
+/ Object Particles .
(after nouns, pronouns)
+/ Direction Particles to (a person)
(with people) .
+ (honorific) .
+ Possessive 's
Particle
+/ (between nouns)
+() with
+ () Conjunction Particles or
(between nouns)
Reasons because of
448 APPENDIX
Appendix 18:
Korean Editing Symbols & Handwriting Sheet
Add a space
or or
Delete a space
or or
Delete
Insert or
or
Replace
Replace or
or
Change word
order
Cannot
understand
Surname: Given Names: page of
240 blocks
Korean Keyboard Layout