HACCP NGUYN TC 2

XC NH IM KIM SOT TI
HN CCP
Cn Th, Vit Nam
Thng 09, 2012

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 Cc nguyn tc HACCP
Nguyn tc 2
Xc nh im kim sot ti hn (CCPs)
trong qu trnh ch bin.
L Du hiu dng li (Stop Sign) ca qu
trnh ch bin
 NH NGHA

* im kim sot ti hn
L mt im hay 1 cng on m ti
cc kim sot c p dng v cn thit
ngn cn hay loi b mt mi nguy an ton
thc phm hoc lm gim mc chp nhn
ca n.

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 NGN CHN MI NGUY
* Cc im c xc nh l CCP khi cc mi
nguy c th c ngn chn.
- i vi vi sn phm v qu trnh ch bin,
nhng iu sau y c th ng:
Gii thiu v mi nguy c th c ngn chn bng
cch kim sot ti cng on tip nhn (v d: cam kt
ca nh cung cp).
Mt mi nguy ha hc c th b ngn chn bng
cch kim sot ti cng on b sung hoc phi trn
cc thnh phn.
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 NGN CHN MI NGUY

Cc im c xc nh l CCP khi cc mi
nguy c th c ngn chn
S pht trin ca vi sinh vt gy bnh sn
phm cui cng c th c ngn chn bng cch
kim sot lc xy dng cng thc sn phm hoc
cng on b sung cc thnh phn (v d: iu
chnh pH hoc thm cc cht bo qun).
S pht trin vi sinh vt gy bnh c th kim
sot bng cch tn tr lnh hoc lm lnh.

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 LOI B MI NGUY

Cc im c xc nh l CCP (hoc PRP) khi
cc mi nguy c th c loi b.
- i vi vi sn phm v qu trnh ch bin, nhng
iu sau y c th ng:
Vi sinh vt gy bnh v ng vt k sinh c th b git
trong sut qu trnh x l nhit hay tia UV.
Cc mnh v kim loi c th c pht hin bi my
d kim loi v loi b bng cch tch n ra khi sn
phm b nhim.

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 GIM MI NGUY

Cc im c xem l CCP khi nhng mi nguy
c gim thiu ti mc chp nhn ca n.
- i vi vi sn phm v qu trnh ch bin, nhng
iu sau y c th ng:
S xut hin ca nhng vt th l c th c gim
thiu bng cch phn loi bng tay v my nht t ng.
Mt vi mi nguy ha hc nh patulin c th c
gim thiu bng cch ch bin nh l chn la, ch v
ra to trc khi p ly nc.

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 NH GI CC PHNG PHP
KIM SOT
Xc nh cc phng php kim sot hay kh nng
kt hp cc phng php kim sot ngn chn, loi
b hay gim thiu nhng mi nguy an ton thc phm
ny n mc chp nhn ca n.
Xem xt tng phng php kim sot i vi hiu
qu ca n chng li cc mi nguy an ton thc phm
c xc nh.
Phn loi cc phng php kim sot chng
c qun l bi Chng trnh tin quyt, hoc cn
thit qun l trong k hoch HACCP.
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 IM KIM SOT TI HN

C vi im trong h thng ch bin thc phm

m ti cc mi nguy ch c th b kim sot trong
1 chng mc no .

Ch c vi cng on m vic mt kim sot s
gy ra tim nng sn xut mt sn phm khng an
ton.
- Nhng cng on ny l CCP trong k hoch
HACCP

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 XC NH CCP

Cy quyt nh CCP
i HACCP nn s dng cy quyt nh CCP
nh gi tng cng on m cc mi nguy an ton
thc phm c th b ngn chn, loi b hay gim thiu
n mc chp nhn.
Sau , tng cng on nn c phn loi nh l
im kim sot ti hn CCP, im kim sot CP hay l
khng phi bt k loi no.

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 V D - CY QUYT NH CCP

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 XC NH CCP

KHNG c s dng cy quyt nh CCP
trc khi hon chnh vic phn tch mi nguy.
iu ny c th gy ra vic xc nh cc CCP khng
cn thit cho vic kim sot s an ton ca sn phm.

Vic theo di chc ch cy quyt nh CCP thnh
thong dn n vic a ra quyt nh m thng
thng l khng chnh xc.
Nn s dng cy quyt nh mt cch thn trng.

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 NHIU CCP V MI NGUY

Mt mi nguy c th c kim sot bi nhiu
CCP.
- V d: Qu trnh acid ha v ch bin nhit puree
tri cy kim sot s pht trin v hnh thnh c
t ca Clostridium botulinum.

Nhiu mi nguy c th c kim sot bi mt
CCP.
- V d: Vi khun sinh dng gy bnh v ng vt
k sinh trong nc p to c th c kim sot bi
qu trnh ch bin nhit.
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 CCP L SN PHM V QU TRNH CH
BIN C TH

Cc CCP c th thay i vi s khc bit trong:

 B tr c s vt cht
 Xy dng cng thc
 Quy trnh ch bin
 Trang thit b
 La chn cc thnh phn b sung
 V sinh v nhng chng trnh tin quyt khc

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 IM KIM SOT TI HN

Cc im kim sot tuyt i

Cc cng on trong qu trnh ch bin thc
phm phi t di s kim sot sn xut mt
sn phm an ton.
Cc CCP l mt s can thip c s dng khi
cc mi nguy c kh nng tn ti cao v mc
gy ra nguy c cao cho ngi tiu dng.

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 M HNH AN TON THC PHM
ISO 22000

Cng bao gm cc khi nim ca Chng trnh
hot ng tin quyt (oPRP)
- Mt chng trnh tin quyt c xc nh bng
vic phn tch mi nguy th cn thit kim sot kh
nng xy ra ca cc mi nguy an ton thc phm
c gii thiu v/hay s ly nhim hay gia tng
nhanh cc mi nguy an ton thc phm trong sn
phm hay mi trng ch bin.
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 CHNG TRNH TIN QUYT
Kim sot chung trong bt k loi hot ng thc phm no.
p dng cho tt c cc loi hot ng thc phm duy tr
mi trng v sinh gim thiu nguy c cho an ton thc
phm.
Chng hot ng ti mi thi im.
Chng l nn tng ca HACCP.
Chng c th nh hng n s an ton ca sn phm cui
cng nu khng c bao gm trong h thng qun l an ton
thc phm.
Chng KHNG c th i vi mt cng on trong qu trnh
ch bin v KHNG KIM SOT mt mi nguy c th.
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 CHNG TRNH HOT NG
TIN QUYT (OPRP)
oPRP th c th i vi mt hot ng thc phm v c
xc nh sau khi thc hin phn tch mi nguy.
oPRP th thit yu bi v vic phn tch mi nguy cho thy
rng chng cn thit kim sot nhng mi nguy an ton
thc phm c th.
oPRP khng nhm ti mt ngun gc c th ca mi nguy.
oPRP c s dng lm gim kh nng xy ra m sn
phm v/hay mi trng ch bin s b tip xc vi nhng mi
nguy hoc s b ly nhim v cc mi nguy s gia tng
nhanh chng.
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 S KHC BIT GiA MT OPRP
VI MT PRP L G?
PRP l b ngang
PRP gp phn lm gim mi nguy nhng c th khng
thit yu kim sot.
OPRP p dng cho mt mi nguy c xc nh c
th.
OPRP p dng cho 1 sn phm hay 1 qu trnh ch bin
c th.
OPRPs th thit yu lm gim mc ca mi nguy.
V d: H thng lm sch v v sinh chung (PRP) so vi
vic lm sch ca mt im c bit trong dy chuyn
ngn cn s nhim cho ca cc cht gy d ng (OPRP)
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 S KHC BIT GIA MT OPRP VI
MT CCP L G??
CCP l cc cng on ch bin m ti cc phng php
kim sot c p dng c kim sot tuyt i trn cc mi
nguy.
OPRPs l cc phng php kim sot thit yu kim
sot mi nguy, nhng khng c kim sot tuyt i trn cc
mi nguy.
OPRPs c th hot ng kt hp vi cc bin php kim
sot khc ngn chn, loi b, gim thiu hay duy tr mt mi
nguy mt mc chp nhn.
S tht bi ca chng khng c t ng rng sn phm b
nguy him.
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 XC NH CCP

Phng php xc nh hay ch nh CCP trong
k hoch HACCP c th thay i:
- nh s lin tc
CCP #1, CCP #2, CCP #3
- Lin tc trong mi loi mi nguy
CCP P1, CCP B1, CCP C1
- Bi tn cc cng on ch bin
Nng, ng gi, Lm lnh

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S LNG CCP TRONG MT K HOCH

Ph thuc vo sn phm v qu trnh ch bin.

Mt vi CCP c th khng cho php vic kim
sot y cc mi nguy an ton thc phm.

Qu nhiu CCP vt qua ro cn ca k hoch
HACCP.
Thng ph bin hn cho cc c s xc nh
qu nhiu CCP hn l qu t.
Nu mi th u quan trng, th KHNG c g l
quan trng
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