3.2 Maximum surge pressure rise estimation ‘The maximum surge pressure in the pipe could be estimated by Joukowski Head method: ‘APsurge = peAVF 000 Where APsurge = pressure rise by surge (kPa) p= liquid density in (kgim3) AV = change in fluid velocity (mvs) C= pressure wave velocity (ns) ‘Actual pressure in the pipe shall be calculated based on steady state and surge pressure: Pmax =Pss + APsurge Where Pmaxis theoretical maximum pressure which can be observed in the pipe Pss = steady state pressure (pump shut off pressure plus normal suction pressure) Ifthe assessment demonstrate that pipeline period "t" is lower than terminal valve closing time (T), than the pressure in the piping system will be calculated as follow: Pmax =Pss + APsurgewT