Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I. INTRODUCCIN
14.1 Para el ao 2025, el 83% de la poblacin mundial, que segn se prev ser de unos 8.500
millones de personas, vivir en pases en desarrollo. Ahora bien, la capacidad de recursos y
tecnologas disponibles para satisfacer las demandas de alimentos y otros productos bsicos
agrcolas de esta poblacin en constante crecimiento sigue siendo incierta. La agricultura tendr
que hacer frente a este reto, sobre todo mediante el aumento de la produccin en las tierras
que ya se estn utilizando, y evitando asimismo el aprovechamiento an ms intenso de tierras
que solo son marginalmente aptas para el cultivo.
14.2 Con el fin de crear las condiciones para la agricultura y el desarrollo rural sostenibles es
preciso reajustar considerablemente la poltica agrcola, ambiental y macroeconmica, a nivel
tanto nacional como internacional, en los pases desarrollados y en los pases en desarrollo. El
principal objetivo de la agricultura y el desarrollo rural sostenibles es aumentar la produccin de
alimentos de manera sostenible y mejorar la seguridad alimentaria. Esto requerir la adopcin
de iniciativas en materia de educacin, la utilizacin de incentivos econmicos y el desarrollo
de tecnologas nuevas y apropiadas, para as garantizar suministros estables de alimentos
nutricionalmente adecuados, el acceso de los grupos vulnerables a esos suministros y la
produccin para los mercados; el empleo y la generacin de ingresos para aliviar la pobreza; y
la ordenacin de los recursos naturales y proteccin del medio ambiente.
II. OBJETIVOS
a) Para 1995, examinar y, cuando proceda, establecer un programa con el fin de integrar el
desarrollo ambiental y sostenible en los anlisis de polticas para el sector alimentario y agrcola,
y en los anlisis, la formulacin y la aplicacin de polticas macroeconmicas pertinentes.
Los grupos de mujeres, los jvenes, los pueblos indgenas, las comunidades locales y los
pequeos agricultores necesitan tener acceso a los recursos de tierras, agua y silvicultura y a
tecnologas, financiacin y servicios tales como la comercializacin, elaboracin y distribucin.
Se debera promover la inversin en tierras asignando ttulos, derechos y responsabilidades
saneados; fortaleciendo las instituciones rurales; ofreciendo capacitacin tcnica e
incorporando los conocimientos autctonos en el desarrollo de la tecnologa agrcola.
Los recursos fitogenticos para la agricultura son un recurso indispensable para hacer frente a
las necesidades de alimentos que se presentarn en el futuro. Van en aumento las amenazas,
y en cambio las actividades destinadas a promover la diversidad gentica no reciben la
financiacin suficiente ni cuentan con el personal necesario, y en algunos casos, la prdida de
la diversidad en los bancos genticos es tan grande como la prdida sobre el terreno. Hacen
falta zonas de conservacin in situ y de recoleccin ex situ as como bancos de plasma germinal.
Se deberan fomentar igualmente mejores mtodos de investigacin y evaluacin de los
recursos fitogenticos para la agricultura. Se deberan compartir los beneficios derivados de la
investigacin y el desarrollo del cultivo de plantas y la produccin de semillas.
El exceso del empleo de productos qumicos para luchar contra las plagas ha tenido
repercusiones adversas sobre la salud humana, el medio ambiente y los presupuestos
agrcolas.
En la cual se combina la lucha biolgica, la resistencia en las plantas afectadas y las prcticas
agrcolas convenientes, es la mejor opcin para el futuro. Debera estar acompaada de una
gestin adecuada de los plaguicidas, inclusive el etiquetado correspondiente, la investigacin y
el desarrollo de plaguicidas destinados a determinadas plagas y que se descomponen en partes
constituyentes inocuas despus de que se los utiliza.
Las plantas que agotan los nutrientes de la tierra provocan la prdida de la fertilidad del suelo.
Con el propsito de mantener la productividad de las tierras, en las propuestas se pide la
disponibilidad generalizada de abonos y de otras fuentes de nutrientes de plantas y la mejora
de la ordenacin de la fertilidad de los suelos.
En las zonas rurales de los pases en desarrollo, las principales fuentes de energa son la lea,
los residuos de las cosechas, el estircol y la energa animal y humana. Con el propsito de
incrementar la productividad y generar ingresos, en las polticas y tecnologas relativas a la
energa rural se debera promover una combinacin de fuentes de energa fsiles y renovables
eficaces en funcin de los costos.
Poltica agrcola: 3.000 millones de dlares, inclusive 450 millones de dlares de fuentes
internacionales.
Planificacin de recursos de tierras: 1.700 millones de dlares, inclusive 250 millones de dlares
de fuentes internacionales. 29 Conservacin de tierras: 5.000 millones de dlares, inclusive
800 millones de dlares de la comunidad internacional.
Recursos genticos animales: 200 millones de dlares, inclusive 100 millones de dlares de
fuentes externas.
Control integrado de plagas: 1.900 millones de dlares, inclusive financiacin externa de 285
millones de dlares.
Nutricin sostenible de las plantas: 3.200 millones de dlares, inclusive 475 millones de dlares
de fuentes internacionales.
IV. CONCLUSION
Hasta la fecha, ya deberan haberse cumplido con los objetivos trazados anteriormente,
basados en la mejora de la utilizacin de los recursos sostenibles para la conservacin
adecuada del medio ambiente.
V. BIBLIOGRAFIA
eva.universidad.edu.uy/pluginfile
www.onu.org.br/rio20/img/2012/01/agenda21.pdf
Introduction
14,1 Para the year 2025, 83 % of the worldwide population, than according to it is foreseen you
will be of some 8,500 million people, you will live in developing countries. Now then, the capability
of resources and available technologies to fulfill the requests of foodstuff and another agricultural
commodities of this population in constant growth, continue to be uncertain. Agriculture will be
up against this challenge, most of all intervening the increase of the production at the lands that
right now are utilized, and avoiding in like manner the use intenser of lands that only they are
apt marginally for cultivation.
It is 14,2 With The Aim Of creating the conditions for agriculture and the rural development
sustainable precise to readjust the agricultural policy considerably, environmental and
macroeconomic, level so much national like international, in the developed countries and at the
developing countries. The principal sustainable objective of agriculture and the rural
development is to increase the production of foodstuff of sustainable way and to improve the
alimentary certainty. This will require the adoption of initiatives on the subject of education, the
utilization of cost-reducing incentives and the development of new and appropriate technologies,
stops that way guaranteeing stable supplies of foodstuff nutricional made suitable, the access
of the vulnerable groups to those supplies and the production for the markets; The job and the
generation of entrances to relieve the poverty; And the sorting of the natural resources and
protection of the ambient midway.
14,3 exact Es giving priority to maintenance and improvement of the capability of the agricultural
lands with bigger possibilities to answer to the demographic expansion. However, also it is
necessary to preserve and to rehabilitate the natural resources of lands with minor possibilities
with the aim of maintaining a manly relation sustainable land. The principal instruments of
agriculture and the rural development sustainable they are reform of the agricultural policy and
agrarian reform, the population's participation, the diversification of the entrances, the
conservation of the land and a better step of the raw materials.
OBJECTIVES
to) For 1995, examining and, when you proceed, establishing a program with the aim of
integrating the environmental and sustainable development in the analyses of policies for the
alimentary and agricultural sector, and in the analyses, the formulation and the application of
macroeconomic pertinent policies.
b) Maintaining and developing, according to proceed, multisector operating plans, programs and
measures of policy, among themselves you program and measures for the better the sustainable
production of foodstuff and the alimentary certainty in the sustainable development's frame, at
the latest in 1998.
c) Maintaining and improving the capability of the developing countries, and in individual of the
less down payments to take to end, for if same his activities on the subject of policy,
programming and planning, for 2005 at the latest.
The Program centers 21 itself in agriculture and the rural development sustainable in order to
increase the alimentary production and to preserve and to rehabilitate the land. The places of
the Program understand :
The integration of the sustainable development in the policy and planning agricultural
very Es once the lack of a frame of national coherent policy in regards to agriculture was
generalized and the rural sustainable development and that situation does not limit the
developing countries itself. There are need to examine the agricultural policies relating to cost-
reducing factors such like the foreign trade, subsidies and taxes. The sincere commerce and the
elimination of commercial barriers should be fomented. It is precise equally to bear in mind the
demographic tendencies and the population's movements. They should formulate laws,
regimentations and incentives that lead to the alimentary certainty and to the transference of the
agricultural convenient technologies ( such like storage and the distribution of foodstuff ).
The groups of women, young people, the indigenous towns, the local communities and petty
farmers need to have access to the land resources, water and silviculture and to technologies,
financing and services such like commercialization, elaboration and distribution. The investment
at lands assigning titles, rights and unencumbered responsibilities should be promoted;
Strengthening the rural institutions; Offering technical capacitation and incorporating the
autochthonous knowledge in the development of the agricultural technology.
The improvement of the agricultural productivity and the diversification of the rural job
27 should develop techniques such like the crop rotation, the utilization of organic fertilizers and
another techniques that entail the reduction of the use of chemical products in agriculture. Enter
the improvements proposed of the infrastructure the nets are financial, small-scale
agroproceso's units and the centers of rural services. In order that the poor rural populations not
utilize marginal lands, opportunities of job out of agriculture should offer themselves, for example
at homemade industries, use of the wild life, fisheries, light manufacture on the basis of the
villages and tourism
The undue utilization of the lands resources is an one belonging to the leading causes of the
degradation of the ground of the exhaustion of its resources and. The production and preserving
the land resources and of water although they do not even practice in ample form systematics
has techniques for the better. It is asked for in the proposals that I get the participation of the
farmers in the process of planning, in the meeting and diffusion of information on the lands
resources and the establishment of organs of agricultural planning in the national diagrams and
premises.
Conservation and the rehabilitation of lands
The erosion of grounds, the salinization, the flooding and the loss of the fertility of the ground
are on the increase at all of the countries. He is offered that for the year 2000 take to end studies
Nationals of the lands resources in which the reach and the gravity of the degradation of the
ground be detailed.
Resources fitogenticos for agriculture are an indispensable resource to face up to the needs of
foodstuff that will present itself in the future. Threats are on the increase, and on the other hand
the activities destined to promoting the genetic diversity they do not receive the financing enough
neither they count on the necessary staff, and in some cases, the loss of the diversity in the
genetic benches is so big like the loss on the lot. The zones of conservation are missed in situ
and of former anthology situ as well as germinal blood banks. Fitogenticos for agriculture should
foment better fact-finding methods and evaluation of the resources themselves equally. They
should share the benefits derived of investigation and the development of the cultivation of plants
and the production of seeds.
There is need of a bigger number of animal products and of better quality, and of animals of
throw. The present-day diversity of animal ancestries should catalogue, the ancestries that are
in danger and should establish programs of preservation themselves should determine
themselves, inclusive intervening the utilization of cryogenic stores of germinal plasma itself.
The utilization of a sorting and a fight once 28 against the plagues were integrated
The excess of the job of chemical products to fight the plagues has had adverse repercussions
on the human health, the ambient midway and the agricultural budgets.
You fight in the one that is combined biological, the resistance in the affected plants and the
agricultural convenient practices, it is the best choice for the future. She should be accompanied
of a step made suitable of the pesticides, inclusive the correspondent labeling, investigation and
the development of pesticides destined to determined plagues and that break down in
constituent innocuous parts after you utilize them.
At the rural zones of the developing countries, the principal sources of energy are the firewood,
the residues of the harvests, the dung and the animal energy and human. A combination of
sources of energy should promote fossils itself in order to increment the productivity and to
generate entrances to the rural energy, in the policies and relative technologies and renewable
efficacious in terms of the costs.
The protective exhaustion of the stratospheric ozone cape of earth permits that the dangerous
ultraviolet light of the sun leak to the planet's surface. They should evaluate the possible negative
effects on the plants and the animals. The calculation of costs yearly enter 1993 and the year
2000 corresponding to the proposals on agricultural themes that 21 represent in the Program (
the hydric programs once the agricultural establishments were related to fail to understand that
they consider separately ) they come from 31,800 million dollars, of the ones that 5,100 million
dollars would come from of international sources in the shape of subventions or in conditions of
favor. The calculations of the costs for programmatic area,, music:
Agricultural policy: 3,000 million dollars, inclusive 450 million dollars of international sources.
Popular participation: 4,400 million dollars, inclusive the international community's 650 million
dollars.
Agricultural productivity: 10,000 million dollars, inclusive 1,500 million dollars of international
financing.
Planning of resources of lands: 1,700 million dollars, inclusive 250 million dollars of international
sources. 29 Conservacin of lands: 5,000 million dollars, inclusive the international community's
800 million dollars.
Resources fitogenticos: 600 million dollars, inclusive 300 million dollars in international
financing.
Genetic animal resources: 200 million dollars, inclusive 100 million dollars of external sources.
Control integrated of plagues: 1,900 million dollars, inclusive external financing of 285 million
dollars.
Sustainable nutrition of the plants: 3,200 million dollars, inclusive 475 million dollars of
international sources.
Energetic transition: 1,800 million dollars, inclusive 230 million dollars in external financing.
CONCLUSION
To this date, they right now should have on time with the objectives drawn previously, based in
the improvement of the utilization of the sustainable resources for the conservation made
suitable of the ambient midway.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Eva.universidad.edu.uy/pluginfile
Www.onu.org.br/rio20/img/2012/01/agenda21.pdf