1

- ,
.
. -
.1 , .
.2 , .
.3 ) - ( .
.4 .
. , .

3 -
.1.
.2 .
.3 .
3 .

2
--.
, .
2 -:
.1 , . ,
.
.2 . ) (e TCA
e .
) ( .

3 - ?
.1 -
.
" ) (,
.
, " -.
2 .
.2 ,
.
, ,-
.chylomicrons
.
.3 .
 .4 ,
, ,
, .
," ?

-4
. ?
) , ( .
3 :
.1
.2
.3 - COA TCA .

)( "
. ?
.
) (G protein )( ,
cAMP PKA - .
.
, " ATP DHAP
) ,(dihidroxyacetone phosphate D-glyceraldehide-3-
,phosphate ,
, , .
-
.

5 . :
.A-
, .
. .
.
, 2 -:
.1 ATP , .
. ,AMP
.
, "
.
.2 ,A- ) A- -( ,
.AMP -
 .
A- - .
- , ,A- )
" .(carnitine-acyl transferase I- "
. ) A- ( ,"
,transferase II " .

6 -oxidation
. . ,
. - .A- R - ,
.
:
.1 " Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase FAD.
.2 ) ( . , -
-L-3 .A- .D -
+
.3 " .L . NAD -
.4 " -A- " .CoA
FADH2 - ,NADH - -
,A .) (Acyl-CoA 2 - )(.
..
' , NADH-
FADH2 ' , A- ,
108' ATP . 16 .
2 -' ATP . , " 106' .ATP,
' ' , .
.

7
A- . .
.? A- ,
, ,
, A- .
, A- , D-3-hydr -
oxybutyrate .
.
) pH ( ,
.
.
 . ,
, , ,A- .TCA -
,
.

8 - ) ( . 6 .

9+10 .
A- .A- "
,acetyl CoA carboxylase ATP .
, . ,
.
. 4:
.1" ACP-acyl carrier protein"
.
ACP ACP ) (CO 2 -4C
.ACP 4 " 3 , 2 2
) 2( ? . ' ATP
.
. acetoacyl ACP
:
.1 ) . ( '
.ACP D L . -
,NADPH +NAD - ) (.
.2- ' .ACP-
.3 .ACP- ,NADPH - .FAD
,ACP- 3
, , 16 )( .
. .ER -
-
) (.

10 A-
, , A-
. COA?
COA .
. A- ,
, A- .
.
 , . "
, " ' .ATP
, .A-
' ,NADH .NADPH
" , ,"
.
NADPH - .

11 .
. , .
.COA
-acetyl CoA carboxylase A- .A-
) , = (
& ) ( .
- .

, .
,AMP activated protein kinase .PP2A
AMP -
.
) ( AMP) (
) ( G PKA ,
PKA PP2A .
. , " .PP2A
, ,
, . ) 8( ,
. .
TCA -"
...

) A- (
.
A- .
AMP , ,
, ATP .
 12
-
.
.A-
, ,
.
, .
3:
.1 ) isopentyl pyrophosphate (5C A- .A-
.2 squalene 6 -' .
.3 squalene .
A- ,A- ' -
HMG-CoA ) ( , 2'
.NADPH
3' .ATP
' , .

13
,
" .
,
)( ,.
- , .
chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, :
,HDL ." 10 .
, , .
,
.
LDL .
) LDL ( ) HDL - ( ,
.

14 LDL
) (.
.1 LDL - ,B-100
,LDL - coated -
,pits .clathrin
.2 .
 .3 , ) . ,
. ( , .
.4 , .
:
.1 .
.2 .
.3 ) ,ACAT (Acyl CoA:cholesterole acyltransferase
, .
.4 .
 15
.1 :
. .
, . A-
, , A-
.TCA ? )
(
, A-
.
. - ? ):
propionyl CoA , .(succinyl CoA -
,A-
,A- ,A-
,TCA ' ,
A- ) (.
. -.
. , "" " '".
Acyl CoA .
?
" . ,-oxidation - .
. , .
. , .
? ? , , ?
- A- , .

.2 A- . :
. Protein phosphatase 2A .
PPA , A- .
, ,A- .
) . " (...
. , .
)( , .
A- ,TCA - .
. - (Carnitine acyltransferase I) I .
A- . A-..
. .
. ..
. .NADPH
. .A-
 AMP-dependent protein kinase . .
.A- .
A- .

.3 :
. . ,
. TCA -
, .
, ,A-
..
.
. .
.
A- , ' CO2.
, ..