: ' .

' ,
.

1 +
, :
.1 - . CO2
6 )(.
- )"(.
,ATP .NADPH
.2 - . NADPH
) . , (.
) 5(,
. , 4 7 -.
,
- NADPH - CO2 - ,
)( - .NADPH -

3:
.1 " " -1,5- ) (C5 2 -3.
.2 -3 .
.3 -1,5- , ".

- . -
.1 .
.2 , .
.3 , "
.

2 -1 "
." -1,5-
6 . 2 -' -3.
ATP - .NADPH -
" ,ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase -
,RUBISCO - , .
, .
+Mg2- ,
".
 3
O2 " . , 2
' -3 , ' -3 ,' .
' , . ,
H2O2 .
' , ,. , ".
, ,
.
- , ,O2 .CO2
.
:....

4 -2 -3 -
ATP -.NADPH -
-3 3 - :
.1-1-.
.2-6-.
.3-6-.
2' -3 ' ,
, ,G-3-P-DH -3- )
.(GAP
NADPH , NADH.
' GAP - , .

5 -1,5-
' 5 ,' 6 3 -.
:
.1 - 2 . ' .TPP
.2 - - ) (DHAP .

-
-
 6
:
.1-
-6- ) ) GAP + (C6 = (C3-4- ) + (C4
-5- ) (C5
.2-
-4- ) = DHAP + (C4-7- ) (C7
.3-
-7- ) ) GAP + (C7 = (C3-5- ) + (C5
-5- ) (C5
-1,5- ) ATP '
(.
3' " 3' -1,5- 6' -3.
5 3' -1,5- .
' -3 .
3' " . 2.

" 2 --
ATP: 12' 6 + 2' = 18'. .1
NADPH: 12' .2 .2

7 C4
, , "
. .C4
, ,
.bundle sheath -
. , CO2
" ' 3 , 4.
, ,bundle sheath -
".
, " ' .ATP
" ,
" , .
,C4
.C3
, ,
, ,CO2 - .
, " C4.
bundle sheath - ".
 8
:
.1 NADPH , -6-.
" .G-6-P-DH =.
+
NAD , FAD, CoA ,.
.2 -6- .GAP -
/.

, -1,5-.
.

9 G-6-P
-6- .
-6- , , ,
+NADP.
, " .
4 :
.1 NADPH- G-6-P - F-6-P.GAP -
' F-6-P' GAP 3' ,R-5-P"
.
.2 NADPH- G-6-P - ,
,.
.3 NADPH - NADPH
, F-6-P - GAP - .
G-6-P , .
G-6-P .CO2 -
.4 NADPH -ATP - ,
, . ATP
, , .ATP
 -1 CO2 O2 ,RUBISCO
-1,5- .
' . O2
,.

-2 : ,G-6-P-DH
.NADPH
G-6-P-DH ,
, G-6-P -5- 2' .NADPH
NADPH .
' " .
NADPH .
, .
, ,NADPH
NADPH .

,
,pamaquine , .
' , .
, ' ,
.
.

3
: . -
ATP .NADPH - .
.1 -1 ATP ,NADPH - )
'(.
-2 ATP . NADPH - ,
- -3 = .X
Y .
.2 -1 -3 .
.
-2 ) ( . X , Y.
Y -1,5- , -3 - ATP-
,NADPH .

-4 " C4" .C3 C3

.