1/16/2017 Mrunal[Aptitude]LongDivision,TwoDigitDivision,%CalculationwithoutTears(andwithoutboringVedicMaths)using%ApproximationMethodMru

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[Aptitude]LongDivision,TwoDigitDivision,%Calculation
withoutTears(andwithoutboringVedicMaths)using%
ApproximationMethod
PostedBySupportStaffOn18/11/2012@12:33amInAptitude|102Comments

Okthisisntaboutboringvedicmathstechniquesodontrunaway,yet!
OneofthebiggestproblemwithIBPS/Bank,SSC,CAT,CMATtypeofexams=youllencounterlong
divisionandpercentage(%)calculationeverynowandthen,directlyorindirectly(inData
interpretationquestions).
AndIfyourenotgoodwithspeedmaths,youllwastealotoftimeinsuchstupidcalculations.
ForthetheaptitudequestionsofBank/MBAexams,Knowingtheanswerapproachisnot
sufficient.Youalsoneedtogettheanswerquicklyandaccurately.Otherwisesomeoneelsewill
tickmoreanswersandhellgettherank.

Considerthesetwoquestions
Inawarehousethereare230kgofwheatinitially.Butratsateaway Whatistheanswer
Question
34kg.Howmuch%ofwheatisleft? of196/23=?
49.3% 4.93
60.1% 6.01
Answer
85.2% 8.52
85.7% 8.57
Approach {(23034)/230}x100=(196/230)x100=answer 196/23=answer
Everyone,evenwithhalfheartedpreparation,knowstheapproach.ButTheproblemisactuallyin
doingthatcalculationordivision(196/23).HereIllshowasinglemethod,tosolvebothtypeof
calculations.Aslongasyouknowhowtoaddtwonumbers,andhowtomultiplyanumberwith5,
youcanexecutethismethodeffortlessly.

FirstcreateaMasterTable(dontjustreadit,dothissimultaneouslyusingyourownpen
andpaper)

100% 230
Nowmakeanewrowfor50%

100% 230
50%
Soeitherdivide230by2=115
ormultiply230with5andthenshiftonedecimalpointleftwards.(thatis1150==>to115.0)
Ineithercaseyouget50%of230=115
100% 230

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50%(halfof230) 115
Nowmakeanewrowfor20%butkeepitemptyrightnow.

100% 230
20%
Createonemorerowfor10%andsimplyshiftonedecimalleftwards.i.e.230>23.0

100% 230
50%(halfof230) 115
20%
10%(onedecimalpointless) 23.0
Nowdoublethe10%number(i.e.byadding23into23again)soyouget23+23=46.Thatsour
20%.Fillupthetable.

100% 230
50%(halfof230) 115
20%(doubleof10%) 46
10%(onedecimalpointless) 23.0

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Ourmastertableisready,nowImaginethereisabigwatertankwithtotalcapacityof196lit.

Wecanfillitwithbucketsofsize10%,20%and50%only.
Wewanttofillupthetankwithminimumeffort.Sofirsttake50%(115),somespacewillbeleft.
Bythistimeyougettheideathat

answerismorethan50%(if%valueof196/230isasked)
answerismorethan5(ifabsolutevalue196/23isasked)
soeliminateansweroptionsthatdonotmeetthesecriteria.

Moveon

Tank Filled Buckets

196 115 50%
Total 115 50%
Thereisstillsomespaceleftinthetanksoletsthrowa20%bucket

Tank Filled Buckets

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196 115 50%

046 20%
Total 161 70%
Oryoucanadd10%buckettwotimes,youllgetsameresult.

Itsclearthatouranswerisbiggerthan70%.Soeliminateanyoptionslessthan70%

Hmm,sofarwevefilled161,Itcanstillaccommodateanother10%bucket

Tank Filled Buckets

196 161 70%
023 10%
Total 184 80%
Nowweareveryclose,only196184=12lit.remains.Butnobucketisthatsmall!

Solution=movethedecimalnumbers,tocreatenewsmallsizedbuckets.

MasterTable Movingdecimalnumbers
100% 230
50%(halfof230) 115 5% 11.5
20%(doubleof10%) 232=46 2% 4.6
10%(onedecimalpointless) 23.0 1% 2.3
Intheexam,youdonthavetoactuallywritenewcolumnsof5%,2%and1%,justvisualizethem
inyourhead,byshiftingthedecimaltoonepointleftwards.

Recallthat12litisemptyandNowweveanew5%bucketthatcanalmostfillitup.

Tank Filled Buckets

196 184 80%
011.5 5%
Total 195.5 85%
Bythistimeyougettheideathat

answerisjustalittlehigherthan85%(if%of196/230isasked)
answerisjustalittlehigherthan8.5(ifabsolutevalue196/23isasked)
soeliminateanyansweroptionsthatarenotmeetingthiscriteria.

Stilliftwoormoreoptionsremain.Forexample

8.52
8.57
^ThissituationusuallyhappensinCATDataInterpretationquestions.Nowwhattodo?

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Well,Totalcapacityis196lit.andsofarwefilledup195.5so,0.5litisstillempty.Butnobucketis
smallenoughtocarrywaterinthisscale.Solution=createmorebuckets,byshiftingdecimalpoints
intheMasterTable.

MasterTable Movingdecimalnumbers
100% 230 PhaseI PhaseII
50%(halfof230) 115 5% 11.5 0.5% 1.15
20%(doubleof10%) 232=46 2% 4.6 0.2% 0.46
10%(onedecimalpointless) 23.0 1% 2.3 0.1% 0.23
Recallthat0.5litisemptyandfromabovetable,itisclearthat0.2%bucket(0.46isveryclose)so
letsuseit.

Tank Filled Buckets

196 195.50 85%
000.46 0.2%
Total 195.96 85.2%
Sothefinalansweris

196/23=8.52
196/230=85.2%
Ifyouwantevenmoreaccurateanswer,createmorebucketsandproceedinthesamemanner.

Importantsidenotes
Wheneveryouhavetodolongdivisione.g.256/29,alwaysmakethedenominator(bottomnumber
i.e.29)veryclosetothetopnumber(256)andtakethatas100%.Thatis290=100%.Andthen
rephrasequestion:256ishowmuch%of290,thenproceedaccordingtothemethodyoujust
learned.Youllget88.27%.butourquestionwas256/29.Recallthatyouveaddedonezeromore.
(290)
So,1%=1/100

Therefore,88.27%=(88.27/100)

Andfromthebottomwetakebackonezerothatwehadaddedearlier.Soinsteadof100,there
remainsonly10

88.27/10=8.827isouranswerfor256/29

Ifthereis7526/67then?Againsamemethod,7526ishowmuch%of6700?Youllget112.3%.
thistimeweveaddedtwozerosmore(i.e.weused6700insteadof67).
So,1%=1/100

Therefore112.3%=112.3/100

Buttakebackthosetwozeroswehadaddedearlier.So,insteadof100,thereremainsonly1

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1/16/2017 Mrunal[Aptitude]LongDivision,TwoDigitDivision,%CalculationwithoutTears(andwithoutboringVedicMaths)using%ApproximationMethodMru

112.3/1=112.3isouranswerfor7526/67

Thismethodlooksawkwardandtiresomeinitially,butonceyouveenoughpracticeofdoingmental
additionthenitswayeasierthantheVedicMathsconceptofdoubleortripledigitdivision(because
inVedicmethod,manyatimesyouvetoadjustandcarryoverthenumbers=notveryconvenient).
Thismethodcanbeusedforthreedigit,fourdigitdivisionsalso.
Youcandoanydivisionaslongasyoucanfindout10%,20%and50%ofanumber(and
consequently1%,2%,5%,byshiftingdecimalplaces.)
Applicationsof^thismethod
PercentagecalculationorLongDivisionhasdirectorindirectapplicationsinfollowingtopics:

ProfitLoss
DataInterpretation,especiallythosebasedonPiecharts.
Compoundinterest,SimpleInterestRate,PopulationGrowth:bytheway,theycanbesolved
withoutmuggingupformulas,clickmetoknowhow!
MixtureAlligiation,Winewater,Metalalloys:canbesolvedwithoutmuggingupformulas,clickme
toknowhow!
TimeSpeedDistance,TimeandWork,PipesandCisterns,BoatsandRailways.Allofthemare
basedontheSTDformula:speedxtime=distance.Sothereisalmostalwaysasituationwhere
twovariablesaregivenandthirdistobefound=division.Allofthemcanbesolvedbymugging
onlysingleSTDformula.Techniquesarescatteredaroundonthispage:Mrunal.org/aptitude
Testyourskill
Question % AbsoluteValue Hint:100%is
231/19 190
181/29 290
158/117 117
198/67 67(because670wouldbetoofar)
67/51 51
51/29 29
158/117 117
8189/541 5410

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